Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Malcolm Mann Steve Taylore-Knowles: Student's Book
Malcolm Mann Steve Taylore-Knowles: Student's Book
Malcolm Mann Steve Taylore-Knowles: Student's Book
Steve Taylore-Knowles
Student's Book
& A I LA g ^
Malcolm Mann
Steve Taylore-Knowles
B1+
Student's Book
MACMILLAN
Contents
Topic
a
Reading Grammar 1 Vocabulary
8 travel and
tourism
text type and
function
full infinitives
(with to) and
key topic vocabulary,
word formation
-ing forms (irregular forms),
after verbs metaphors (life)
Listening Speaking Use of English Writing
predicting, talking about fam ily stative verbs, word selecting correct register,
S o u n d b ite :/ i/a n d /i:/ patterns informal letter/email
dentifying location, comparing would, used to, be used to, presenting an argument,
Soundbite: /as/and Id word patterns essay
istening for specific expressing uncertainty comparatives and layout and text
information, superlatives structure, report
Soundbite: silent letters (1)
stening for gist, talking about experiences countable and using descriptive
Soundbite: h \ ! uncountable nouns, language, story
homonyms
listening for specific giving examples prefer, would rather, expressing opinion,
information, had better, parts review
Soundbite: Is/ and /z/ of speech
Contents
Unit
nTopic Reading
mGrammar 1 Vocabulary
---- .....
o
^
Jffe Writing database • PAGE 150 Phrasal verb database • PAGE 164 Webquests • PAGE 198
^ Writing planners 1-16 • PAGE 155 Speaking database • PAGE 165
Word pattern database • PAGE 163 Grammar database • PAGE 166
Listening Speaking Use of English Writing
y. stening for specific talking about hopes unless, in case, as long paragraphing,
nformation, as, word patterns informal letter/email
Soundbite: /s/ and /J7
y. istening for specific comparing the unreal past, selecting correct register,
nformation, common mistakes article
Soundbite: stress (2)
y- stening for specific seeking clarification wishes and regrets, parts paragraphing, story
information, of speech
Soundbite:
weak forms (2)
m m
m ^ ^ www.myfamily.com
Jenny
Hi all my M yFace
friends around the
Family Ties
world! W e’re doini
a project at schoo
on families at the
moment and I nee
your help. Do you have a large or
Reading
I Gokhan
JP ffc B Hi from Ankara,
1 $ 1.01 Read the post and com m ents on a social j P - Turkey! Jenny,
networking site. W hose fam ily sounds most like yours? I M my fam ily’s Quite
j f ’/ Q small because I’m
2 Read the post and com m ents again, and decide if the B j l r j an only child. In
following statem ents are true (T), false (F) or not stated (N). ‘ the flat where we
1 Jenny has a very large fam ily _____ live, there’s just me and my mum and
dad. But my grandparents (my mum’s
2 G okhan has brothers and sisters. _____ parents) live in the flat upstairs, and
my dad’s parents live nearby too,
3 M asha is younger than her sister. _____
so it’s not too lonely! To be honest.
4 Pete regularly stays w ith his biological father. _____ I sometimes wish I had a brother or
sister to play with, but at least I have
5 Alicia wants to m eet her biological parents. _____ a bedroom to myself! Som e of my
6 Alex’s biological father lives in Greece. _____ friends have to share a room with thei
brother or sister. I wouldn’t like that!
3 Write a word or short phrase from the com m ents to the post
to answer each question.
1 W ho says that they have a pet?
_________________________ Masha
| W e’re doing a
2 W hy doesn’t Angie live w ith her father? project on families
at school at the
moment too,
3 W hat’s Alex’s sister like?
Jenny! I live with
my parents and
4 W hen does Pete stay w ith his real dad? my older sister, Natalia, in Novosibirsk
in Siberia, R u ssia. Natalia and I
love each other (of course!), but we
5 W hat do some of Gokhan’s friends do? don’t alw ays get on. S h e ’s alw ays
complaining that I play my music
too loud! I often get annoyed with
6 W hat is M asha also doing right now?
her, though, because she borrows
________________ i________________ my things without asking! (Natalia,
pi school if you’re reading this, I want that
magazine back!)
e
Family Ties!
ce Pete WORD BOX
the Hello from California, USA!
Ding
j
My family’s a bit complicated,
* My parents are divorced,
4 Use words or phrases from the post and
100 I com m ents to com plete the sentences. You've
he and I live with my mum
been given the first letter to help you.
neec and my Stepfather. My dad
* 3 remarried after the divorce, and I spend 1 It w ould be fun to have a brother, instead of
i? a r Dst every weekend with him and his wife (my being an ,
i M e: mum). I’ve got a stepsister called Angie.
Th 's my stepfather Alan’s daughter from a
_ c_
zn io u s marriage, but sh e ’s older and works in 2 Lisa gets w hat she wants. She’s becom ing
York, so she doesn’t live with us. I’ve also
very selfish and I th ink she’s a bit
got a half brother because my dad and my
mum have just had a baby! I told you it w as
s JQitt
BOr : icated! It’s great, though. We all get on
3 My parents are d_____ ____________ and I see
tm y well. My parents are still good friends, and
—. ;:epfather and stepmother like each other m y dad every weekend at his house.
t's actually a really loving family, and I’m
4 My m um m et a m an last year and she
i, r . grateful for that. s~\ \
P 1* ^ *
te
I’m
5 My dad m arried Sarahs m um last m onth so
n Sarah’s m y s ' 1 I , - '______ .
/ve Alicia 6 It’s im portant to grow up as p art of a
and Hi, Jenny! My parents
jm’s adopted me just after I w as 1__________________family.
id borrirSnd I live with them and 7 i' f j
7 I didn’t know you were a__________________ .
my brother and sister and our
t, dog, C a ssie . Even though I’m Do you w ant to find your real parents?
Dr adopted and my brother and
8 Kevin and I have the sam e m other b ut different
ive s :er aren’t, our parents treat us all the sam e.
tally feel part of the family, and don’t want
fathers, so he’s m y h __________________
thei : -eed to find my biological parents. A s far as b __ ( k /
at! concerned, my mum and dad are my real
z :'ents! (By the way, I live in Lublin, Poland.)
1 Read these sentences and phrases from the com m ents to the post on pages 6 and 7. Match each one
with an explanation.
1 That’s m ore than 15,000km away! a This is a regular habit,
b This is an annoying habit,
2 Natalia and I love each other (of course!), but we
don’t always get on. c This is a tem porary situation,
d This is a general, scientific truth,
3 I spend alm ost every weekend with him and his
wife ... !~ e This is a feeling or situation, n ot an action.
O
r*j Vocabulary builder
Family Ties!
Adjectives to describe people Phrasal verbs with up
1 Match the words in the box with the correct definitions. Phrasal verbs with up often have
m eanings connected to making things
selfish popular sensitive arrogant pessimistic
appear or things suddenly appearing.
amusing ambitious considerate generous
Match the phrasal verbs in the box with
optimistic modest
the definitions.
vou are ... makes up turns up comes up
__, you w ant to be very successful. thinks up * brings up
L' Wi 5 If a p e rs o n __ .a subject,
., you th ink the future is going to
they m ention it in a conversation.
be good.
O
* | Speaking
Family Ties!
% You are going to listen to five people talking Read what Julie says about her family.
about m em bers of theirfam ily. Before you
listen, read the questions and talk about what
each person might say in these situations.
3 For questions 1-10, read the text below and decide which answ er (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.
There is an exam ple at the beginning (0).
Babysitting
Babysitting is a good (0 )_____________ for teenagers to
earn som e extra spending m oney, and it can teach
you som e valuab le skills too. Looking (1) Q |tLg »
young children - even for a few hours - isn't alw ays easy.
Problem s (2) C o'<\£ up, and kids don't always
do w h at they're told, especially w hen they know their
parents are away. At tim es (3) !; ' that, you
have to stay calm - and that's an im portant lesson to
learn. You m ustn't let the situation (4) 1 out
of control. How ever badly therkids behave, don't let them
(5) 0 ■
1 ’ . you - and don't get depressed! It's not your (6) -A/ ______ that they're
m isbehaving, but it is your responsibility to solve the problem . (7) ‘ a solution to
problem s like this is an extrem ely im portant skill, so w here better to begin than trying to get
noisy kids to go to bed? The question is, how do you deal (8) ^ ' - _______a problem like that?
_ iyKvo-kdA
The secret is to be calm , but firm . Don't start shouting and (9 )_______________ _ them of destroying
your evening. Ju st keep repeating in a calm , firm voice w h at you w ant them to do. It takes a bit
of practice, but it (10) Ch Q gc w o rk in the end! Good luck!
Read this writing task. Why Match the formal language with the informal language.
should your letter be informal?
formal language informal language
Your co u sin , w h o lives abroad,
1 Dear Mr Sm ith / Dear Sir/M adam , a Let me tell you a b o u t .
has re ce n tly w ritte n you a letter.
In it, she asked you to tell her all
2 I hope you are w ell. b Tell me ...
3 I am w riting to inform you ... c All my love,
th e fa m ily n ew s she has m issed.
4 In a d d itio n ,... d Can't w ait to hear all
W rite a letter, tellin g her w h a t
5 I w o nder if you could tell me .. . your news!
she w a n ts to kn o w .
6 I look forw ard to hearing e D earTina,
from you. f Oh, and an o th erth in g !
W rite a letter of betw een 120 and 7 Yours sincerely, / Yours faithfully, g Hope everything's oka)
180 words in an appropriate style.
Working model
Read the answer to the writing task.
Pear Tina,
It was great to hear from you! Hope everything & okay. Have you started your exams yet?
6jood luck!
Anyway, you asked me to tell you all the family news. Well, a lot's happened since you
were here. The big news is that Uncle Tom got married! Can you believe it? His wife is
lovely - she's a doctor and she's really beautiful. We all went to the wedding and had a
wonderful time. (Grandad danced! It was so much fun.
Oh, and another thing! Pad's got a newjo b. Po you know the old shopping centre in
town? They've built new shops there and Pad applied fo r a jo b as a manager and he got
it! He's really excited. He starts next week.
One last thing. Po you remember Fluffy, the cat? Well, we can't find her anywhere. We've
got no idea where she's gone. It's a bit sad, really. We all miss her. We're hoping she'll
come back soon.
We all miss you too. Everybody sends their love. Can't wait to see you in the summer.
All my love,
Martin
O
S ecid e ifth e statem ents are true (T) or false (F). Now write!
j informal writing,
8 You are now ready to write your letter. Use
Family Ties!
» always use complete sentences. informal language and a conversational tone.
s ~adyto write!
6 - : ok at this writing task. Who are you writing
and why?
tr a n spo r t
(noun):
saw smoke! The balloon was burning but,
s s s r - - " " ViicTcity, they managed to put the fire out am
land safely.
Vj i A
o, The railway developed gradually from cart;
Early humans dreamed of going faster and on tracks. The first Vehicle with an engine
further than they co&fd on fo'ot. They probably to run on tracks was develqp^inM 803 by
first achieved this in northern countriesGUnC. an Englishman, Richard Trevithick. In 180^
before 3000 BC (before Christ) using skis. he took the first passengers, although the\
The wheel was invented around 3500 BC, didn’t have to buy a ticket. Unfortunately, tl
but carts were very slow without roads. So for
; , ' -"‘v '^ -J; were travelling in the train when it began t<
many centuries the fastest and most popular fall off the tracks and Trevithick realised th
means of transport was the horse, which the tracks were not strong enough to take
can run at about fifty-five kilometres an hour. weight of the train. The passengers escap
This record for speed was unbroken until Cl' . . . .. o jw ^ccoUA/tm ,
unharmed, but it was another example of
the end of the eighteenth century when the how dangerous the development of transp
hot-air balloon and the railway both began to can be.
develop. Perhaps unexpectedly, the bicycle didn’t
O-OAAAJ^
The hot-air balloon made its first free flight appear until around 1840 when a Scotsm;
in 1783. Two Frenchmen, the Montgolfier Kirkpatrick Macmillan, created the first on<
brothers, were working as papermdkers to have pedals. People rode bicycles with
when they had the idea for the balloon.0\A pedals before then, but they were slow an
fire heated the air, making the balloon rise. not very popular. It took around 140 years
During the first flight, the two passengers Macmillan’s design to develop into moder
were admiring the view when they suddenly mountain bikes.
J .J U c r t M i
I amplete the sentences by writing a number I The passengers discovered the fire
i- each gap. Look at the article again, but don't A while they were checking the balloon.
■rad it in detail. B while they were in the air.
C before they left the ground.
I .ople first skied a ro u n d __________________
D after they landed on the ground.
BC.
! >ple first travelled by rail in 5 The invention of the train
1 DM A came as a complete surprise.
: - vcles w ith pedals didn’t exist before B grew out of things that came before.
1 9 Vo C took longer than anyone expected.
M ountain bikes developed around D didn’t make Trevithick m uch money.
% I The writer is surprised by the fact that
A the inventor of the bicycle was Scottish.
»ad the text again. For questions 1-5, choose B nobody had invented the bicycle earlier.
•- e answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits C M acmillan’s bicycle had pedals.
r-est according to the text. D we waited over a century for the
The wheel didn’t lead to fast m eans of transport m ountain bike.
'-.cause > W hat can we say about the aeroplane?
A people could already travel fast. A It had a great effect on people’s attitudes.
R : hey invented it after skis. B It wasn’t as popular as the car was.
C e 'od roads didn’t exist. C It came to the W right brothers in a dream.
I> reople preferred to use horses. D People didn’t want to allow it at first.
WORD BOX
TN* -.ventieth century saw the
•r»elopment of many other means of 4 Match the words from the text in the box
r t r soort, including the hydrofoil and the with the correct definitions.
ic v e r c r a f t . The petrol-driven car (invented
cart tracks hydrofoil vehicle
r * - 5 5 in Germany) completely changed pedal hovercraft
t * e .va y people thought about transport,
arc 50 did the aeroplane. People have 1 This is a kind of fast ship that partly lifts out of
the water.
•ways dreamed of flying. One day, in
1903. that dream became a reality. Two 2 This is a general w ord for a car, a bus, etc.
Arencan brothers, Wilbur and Orville 3 This floats on a cushion of air on land or on
water.
Hfcrght. managed to make a short flight
r •'eir aircraft, the Fiyer. From there, a
4 Trains travel on two o f these, m ade of metal.
fg 3 liu
:e industry grew that allowed, and still 5 This has four wheels and m ight be pulled
by a horse.
• I : a s , people to visit the whole world,
6 You p ut your foot on this on a bicycle.
f c s i l y and cheaply.
Read the sentences and phrases from the text on pages 14 and 15. Match each one to an explanation.
1 The hot-air balloon m ade its first free flight a This describes a repeated action in the past that
in 1783. doesn’t happen now.
2 ... the two passengers were adm iring the view b This describes a past state.
w hen they suddenly saw smoke! c describes an action in progress w hen anotl:
3 People rode bicycles w ithout pedals ... action happened.
4 ... the fastest m eans of transport was the horse ... d This describes a single, com pleted action.
Look through the text again and find exam ples of: Com plete the text using the verbs in the box. I
a single com pleted action. the verbs into the past sim ple or the past cont
You will use som e verbs more than once.
a repeated action in the past.
an action in progress when another action be » do • fall get • have learn push ride
happened. see shine start » take » teach tell • want
^ Vocabulary builder
Collocations: transport
ht
3 Complete the table with the
~ieans of transport.
4 Match words in list A with words in list B to make 5 Decide which of the m eans of transport from
compound nouns. exercise 4 each person is talking about.
A B i ‘Wow! This is so cool! It’s the latest m odel too!
express bus Let’s see if we can do 200!’
radio car
2 ‘Com e on! Let’s go and sit upstairs so we can see
double-decker plane
everybody getting off.’
je t^ taxi
3 ‘Call one now - and don’t forget to tell them
sports train
we’re going to the airport.’
4 ‘I’m afraid the Inter-city doesn’t stop at Porton.
You’ll have to get a local one.’
5 ‘It’s noisy during take-off, but you can’t even hear
the engines after that.’
Listening *1 Speaking
The Open Road
Work in pairs. Make a note of words and Make notes of things that trains and buses
phrases you know connected to these m eans of have in common.
transport. Try to list as many as you can. You have to buy a ticket to travel on them.
bus: driver, ticket,________________
Make notes of things that are different
plane: airport, p ilo t,________________
between trains and buses.
ship: voyage, captain,
A train travels on tracks, but/while/whereas a
train: driver, ticket,__ bus travels on the road.
Conversation 1
The man wants a(n) (1). . return ticket to York.
The w om an tells him that he needs to catch the
(2 )________ from M anchester.
Conversation 2
The m an says it takes (3). . to get to France.
The w om an leaves the m an to go to her (4 )------
Conversation 3
The m an explains that it’s quicker to go (5 )------
The w om an agrees, even though the fare will be
( 6 ) --------------•
/se/ a n d /e /
I
Use of English
1 Make notes to answer these questions. Then discuss your ideas as a class.
Com plete the useful phrases with words from In the first place, public transport should be made
the box.
free. The government should raise taxes to pay fo r the
addition argue begin • convinced service. If it was free, most people would decide to leave
first * more • of « one other * to their cars at home and travel by bus or train.
to express causes and results which was free would encourage many people to use
Because ________ th is ,... This is d u e ___________ _ public transport. The government should take action on
As a re s u lt,... this to prevent environmental damage.
to express contrast
O n t h e ________ hand, ... O n t h e _________
hand, ... However, ... Despite ...
5 Find words and phrases in the essay which mi
to introduce a conclusion and express opinion
because • but firstly
To conclude, ... In conclusion, ... I a m _________
in addition in conclusion
t h a t ... I w o u ld ________ t h a t ...
0
' Read the essay again and circle the 8 Make a plan of your answer.
correct answer. • Do you think the invention of the car changed the world?
! of view.
b explains some points in favour of her
point of view.
In the third paragraph, she •
paragraph?
W rite the first sentence of your third paragraph in your
exercise book.
W hich phrase are you going to use to
a introduce your concluding paragraph?
i a introduces her conclusion and states
her opinion, b introduce your opinion?
b explains m ore points in favour of her
Now complete Writing Planner 2 on page 155.
point of view.
In the second and th ird paragraphs, Now write!
a the first sentence of each paragraph
You are now ready to write your essay.
expresses the m ain idea,
b the last sentence of each paragraph
Check it out!
expresses the m ain idea.
5 In the final paragraph, she 10 Check your work.
a sum m arises her argum ent, Tick (/ ) what you
b introduces extra points. have done.
Ready to write!
1have used formal language.
1
□1
□
Look at this writing task. Do you agree 1have used som e good
or disagree with the statem ent? connecting phrases.
to
□1
Your class has been studying the history
1 1have explained w hy
of transport. Your teacher has asked you
to write an essay explaining w hether I 1agree/disagree with the statement.
J
The invention o f the car changed ■ in the last paragraph. 1
the world.
1 1have checked my spelling and
■ my grammar. 1
Write an essay of betw een 120 and 180
words in an appropriate style.
I
My essay is betw een 120 and
180 words long. □ I
on Look Back
Ian you answer these questions? If you can't remember, look through the unit for the answers.
W hen did people first invent the wheel?
. W ho were the first people to fly a plane?
mea
W hat tense describes an action in progress at a m om ent in the past?
- W hat’s the difference betw een would and used to?
W hat is a good phrase for introducing your opinion?
O
Revision
Units 1-2
1 C hoose th e correct option.
1 People say my brother’s _________________ He likes giving gifts to his friends.
A brave B m odest C generous D optim istic
2 The cruise was w onderful! A nd o u r ________________ was really comfortable.
A cabin B pedal C term inal D fare
3 I’ve always been q u ite _________________ I w ant to m ake a success of my life.
A depressing B am using C considerate D am bitious
4 Emily is really_______________ ! She seems to think she’s better than everyone ej
A loving B arrogant C sensitive D caring
5 M any_________________children want to learn som ething about their real pareii
A adopted B divorced C selfish D only
6 D id you hear that a train came off th e _________________ yesterday?
A vehicles B carts C bars D tracks
7 We waited on th e ________________ for over an hour! Finally, the train arrived.
A term inal B rails C platform D airline
8 We should b e ________________ about the future. Things are getting better all
the time.
A am using B optim istic C shy D pessimistic
9 Let’s take th e _________________to an island and spend some tim e on the beach!I
A ferry B underground C fare D coach
10 My dad’s really looking forw ard to his business________________ to Amsterdan
A trip B journey C travel D excursion
Revision Units 1-
positive negative positive negative
6 Com plete the sentences using the correct form of the phrasal verbs in the box.
think up bring up tu rn u p come up m akeup
8 Com plete the following passage using one word in each gap.
Hi, Wendy! Ju st a q uick em ail to let you know that I'm back from my business
( 1) ______________________ to Paris. I had a great tim e, but I (2 )------------------ ------th in k that
Paris was a bit dirty! Everybody was com plaining (3) ----------------------- the traffic and the
pollution. I'm not used (4) ______________________ such big cities, so it w as a bit difficult to find
my w ay around. I kept getting (5 )----------------------- the w rong bus and going to the wrong
place! And the w eather w as awful! One day, I w as w aiting at a taxi (6 )------------------ ----- for
an hour in the pouring rain! In the end, I had to call a(n) (7 )----------------------- taxi to com e
and get m e. W hen it finally turned (8 )______________________________ I looked like a drow ned rat!
Anyw ay, I hope you dealt (9 )________________________ everything at w o rk w hile I w as away. We'll
have a m eeting on M onday and you can (1 0 )---------------------- - up any problem s you had.
Take care,
Jackie S co re 160
^ajrts no.\aiy ilEXjM 0 Z ~ 0 i>|00I-raipoire jo j amp st}i aqAujAj Ot—lZ
j d n j i d a a j j jje s jS s,}ElLL O S - I f 1® n l s n o ^ ja u o p IPA 'V O 'J-IS
©
Killing Time
Do you have any hobbies? Do you collect anything? 1 t Read this article about hobbies.
What sort of things do people collect? Underline all the hobbies which are mentioned.
©
Match the words and phrases with the Read the article again. Six sentences have been
explanations. removed from the article. Choose from the
sentences A -G the one which fits each gap
Killing Time
talk about w hat happened
:n the beginning _____ (1 -6).There is one extra sentence which you do
not need to use.
introduce a result _____
3 to introduce a contrast _____ A Hobbies seem to have becom e less im portant as
tim e has passed.
i m introduce an example _____
B Young people in the past had to rely on people
a : o r in stan ce,... they knew, or perhaps the local library, to learn
b s hich m eans ... about their hobby.
. r low ever,... C They proudly put these on display in their
bedroom s, or wherever else their parents w ould
4 \ t firs t,...
let them .
D However, m ost people in the past were too busy
and too poor to buy expensive works of art or
coins.
E At first, they were seen as strange m achines used
by big businesses.
F That in tu rn m eans that fewer children are
' ng w eb sites, co m m u n ic a tin g w ith
becom ing interested in the hobby.
is aro u n d the w o rld - all h o b b ies that
im p o ssib le until quite recently.
G For instance, people still go dancing, even if the
rhythm o f the music has changed.
outers have ch a n g ed h o b b ies in other
» a s ' too. T h e se days, no m atter w h a t
. you're interested in, you w ill alm ost
WORD BOX
inly find a huge am o u n t of inform ation
Use words or phrases from the article to complete
>n i- on the internet. 5 Today's
the sentences. You've been given the first letter to
ipi :gers are instantly in to u ch w ith o n lin e help you.
c . > and so cia l n etw o rkin g sites that tell
1 One day, m y collection o f butterflies m ight be quite
" a l l they n eed to know . P eo p le have
v_________________
>r : j c e d w e b site s on alm o st e v ery ho b b y
w can think of. You ca n get a d v ic e from 2 I don’t know if I can a________________ to buy any
• -ts and e a sily b u y eq u ip m e n t to take new stam ps for my collection.
r hob b y to the next level. Takin g up a
3 I prefer t_________________ songs to m odern pop
v hobby, or d e v e lo p in g o n e you alrea d y
songs.
has n ever b een e a sie r or m ore fun.
4 It m ight sound a bit w________________ , but in my
Sc n e h o b b ies, though, haven't ch a n g ed
free tim e I like to study grammar.
— i. M a n y yo u n g p e o p le fill their free
r • w ith a ctivities that their parents and 5 I like music that has a strong r______________
I clparents en jo y e d . 6 Fishin g is 6 Id like to try gym nastics, but I know I w ould keep
>pular as it e v er w as. Young p eo p le losing my b__________________________________ !
» i good b a la n c e d o g y m n a stics,
le nagers p lay sports and gam es like they 7 Let s go dow n to the v________________
♦ avs have d o n e. A teen ager from the a_________________ and play Alien Invasion.
: -* m ight b e co n fu se d by a v id e o a rc a d e
« : C D player, but m any things haven't
nged, and p erh ap s n ever wi l l . A sk Cy Have your say!
r parents w h a t th e y did w ith their
e i'U re tim e and you m ight be su rprised at • W hich of the hobbies and activities m entioned
> im e of the differen ces, but a lso at so m e of in the article do you think are the m ost/least
r ■ sim ilaritie s. interesting? Why?
• W ould you consider taking any of them up?
©
Why? / W hy not?
’t j Grammar clinic
Present perfect tense review Correct the sentences that have
m istakes in them . One sentence has no
<3> Look at Gram m ar database pages 171 -172 before you do
mistakes. Which one?
the exercises.
1 I’ve seen M att last week, w hen we were at
Read the sentences and phrases from the article on pages the karate club.
24 and 25. Match each one to an explanation. 2 I have a long tim e to play Monopoly.
1 C om puters have had a huge im pact on leisure ... 3 Sarah hasn’t played football since she
2 ... people have been collecting valuable things since broke her leg.
ancient times. 4 This is the first tim e I built a m odel plane.
3 People have produced websites on ...
Com plete the sentences using the
a This is a series of actions continuing up to now.
verbs in brackets in the present perfect
b This is a situation which continues up to now. sim ple or continuous.
c This is a com pleted action at a tim e in the past which is not
1 I ________________(play) tennis, so I’m
m entioned.
quite tired.
Decide if the statem ents are true (T) or false (F). Luke says h e . . (never/
meet) anybody w ho plays the xylophone
1 I’ve been studying English for about six years.
________________(you/follow) the new
This person is still studying English now. series that’s on TV at the mom ent?
2 Peter Johnson has w ritten five books My fingers are sore because I
about fishing. ________________(practise) the guitar
We know that Peter Johnson is still alive. all m orning.
3 ‘I’ve been sorting out my stam p collection,’ W e_____________ . (wait) for an hour
said Candy. and our dance teacher still isn’t here!
Candy finished this action a long time ago. 6 My d a d .
4 Jan has read Snowboarding fo r Beginners. (take up) a new
Ask her about it. hobby - cooking!
Jans present knowledge is the important thing.
Use the verbs in the box to complete the gaps. Use the present perfect simple or continuous.
For the last few weeks, my friends and I (1)_______________________ the creation of a free local library, and
now it's ready.The idea is that we have a blog that anyone can join for free. The blog's now online, and
about 20 people (2)______________________ already, so it seem s it's popular. W hen w e read a new book, we
upload a review of the book. My friends and I (3)______________________ and uploaded 16 reviews already!
W hen som eone (4)______________________ a review, if the book sounds interesting, they can borrow it
from the person w ho owns it. We all live locally so that's not a problem.
Over the past couple of days, we (5)________________________about how we can expand the library so it's for
people all round the country. One idea is that we could post books to each other, but that might be
© 9
n 1 Vocabulary builder
Killing Time
tree time activities
1 " 3tch the free tim e activities with the verbs go, do or play.
2 word in bold is correct, put a tick (✓). If it's incorrect, rewrite it correctly on the line.
How long have you been playing karate? ________________
[2 l< ts go horse-riding tomorrow. ________________
• e you ever been skiing? ______________________
* Ho m uch tim e do you spend going video games? ________________
I t o Dallet twice a week after school. ________________
do swim m ing in the sea every weekend in the summ er. ________________
Idioms: time
J v vtch to make sentences using idioms about time. What do the idioms m ean?
I ' :nce m y m um retired, a you have to take your time and do it slowly,
I ! don’t really like TV so m uch, b on time because I’ve set the video to record it.
! know you’re very busy with your hobbies c she’s got a lot of time on her hands.
• :iese days,
4 W hen you’re working with valuable stamps, d in time to see Robert win the race,
! hope the program m e starts e but I watch it w hen I want to kill time.
6 Ae got to the pool just f but you have to make time for me!
Speaking
Circle the correct word or phrase to com plete the Work in pairs. Use the phrases
suggestions. from exercise 1 to help you make
suggestions.
1 I suggest to get/getting a games console - we’d have great
fun!
2 W hy don’t we buy/buying a video camera? Then we could Im agine you're planning to start
m ake films! a youth club for teenagers in your
3 Let’sget/Getting a pool table w ould be a good idea, neighbourhood. Here are som e of
w ouldn’t it? the things you're thinking of getting
for the club. You have about €200
4 A good idea might/can be to get a table-tennis table. It’s
to spend. Discuss how m uch you
cheaper than a pool table.
th ink m em bers w ould enjoy these
5 I’d like to suggest to buy/buying a tablet com puter so we activities and decide w hich things
can check our email. you are going to buy for the club.
6 W hat do you th ink about to get/getting some board games,
like chess and backgam mon?
Killing Time
Articles
«3> Look at Grammar database pages 172-173
mng before you do the exercises.
For questions 1-6, com plete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and
five words, including the word given. Write the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS.
>lv parents asked me if I w anted to have ballet lessons, felt
'v parents asked me if I _____________________________________ballet lessons.
of
:e teachers object to our playing football in the corridor,
he teachers_____________________________________our playing football in the corridor.
y to write!
Look at this writing task. You are going to write a
• larem ail.
W O R K IN A N O F F I C E 0 D O VO LU N TA RY W ORK
Whatever we
say we want to It’s difficult to
be, a huge make an entir-
number of us career out of
will join the voluntary wor-
staff of large because there!|
companies and no money in t
work in an but it can be e:
office. And that’s very useful sti
not a bad thing. Office work can be secure, well- to something
paid, and many people like working in teams. You else. You can
could become a manager and go on trips abroad get lots of
with your expenses paid by the company. On the experience and you can try out different jobs wh
other hand, some people find it hard to be at the you make up your mind. From helping older peop>J
same desk working on the same computer day to working with animals, voluntary work teaches
after day. If you’re the outdoors type, then office you skills that you can then use in a paid job. It ca
work might not be ideal for you! even take you to other countries, since many
WorkWonders
The •vriter always w anted to be a journalist. T/F
chosen more than once.
Sfee • -.inks young people have to decide
According to the writer, which type(s)
fco ■■-.s hat career they want. T/F
o f work:
v * ■r.:nks young people should stay in
ed . jation as long as possible. T/F would be good, if you like working on
your own? 1 ___ 2 ___
ifc ' h :nks voluntary w ork can teach
'om ethinguseful. T/F do you not get paid to do? 3 ___
Sfc ■ inks people w ho work from hom e can you earn a lot of m oney from?
car ■^et another job. T/F
H ' article is aim ed at young people
w ould be good, if you haven’t chosen
■ r .v Jering their future. T/F
a career? 6 ___
WITH T H E P U B L I C
Working in a
shop or in
WORD BOX
another service
where you deal 4 Use words or phrases from the article to
with members of com plete the definitions. You've been given
the public isn't the first letter to help you.
for everyone. It's
1 The am ount of m oney you get paid every year to
ideal for those of
you who like do a job is called your s_________________
meeting people, 2 An a_______________ f________________
ole you work with and customers. You might
is som ething you fill in w hen you apply for a job.
es need a lot of patience, and it’s not always
-eep calm when the customer is wrong. On 3 If a com pany pays your e_______________ , they
fete* 5 side, there are lots of opportunities to earn a pay for taxis, meals, travel, etc.
ar< ~ove up to the level of manager, and maybe
I Ngher! 4 W hen you write a letter to apply for a j ob, you
apply i_________________w__________________
£* UP Y O U R OW N B U S IN E S S 5 A person applying for a job is called an
a_________________
6 W ork w hich you do for a charity and w hich you
don’t get paid for is called v________________
w___________
form to get the 7 The s_ . are all the people who
job! Seriously,
w ork for a company.
though,for
® **eone who likes working alone, running your own
■ M n e ;s can be very rewarding, even if it can also be
H w y hard work. You could take something that you
such as a hobby, and start making a salary from
These days, you can even start your business Have your say!
ire and work from home alone, if you wish. You
••e c ■ nave a lot of confidence, but there's nothing • How im portant is it to earn a high salary?
Bte &• "g your own boss. • Explain what other aspects of w ork you
th in k are im portant.
J
Work Wonders ^ Grammar clinic
P a st p e rfe c t te n s e re v ie w
<S> Look at Grammar database pages 174-175 before you do the exercises.
Read the sentences and decide if the statements are true (T) or false (F).
1 By the tim e Claire retired, she worked/had been working there for 20 years.
2 Before I filled in the application form , I had called/had been calling them to ask for m ore inform ation.
3 It was the first tim e John was working/had worked on a computer.
4 The boss phoned before I had finished/hadn’t finished the letter he asked m e to write.
5 M r Turner worked as a chef for a while and then decided/had decided to apply for a job as a fireman.
Correct the sentences that have m istakes in them . One sentence has no mistakes. Which one?
1 The staff were quite tired because custom ers had been com ing in all m orning.
2 Because he had never been working from hom e, my brother didn’t know w hat to expect.
3 Som ebody else got the job before I hadn’t had a chance to send in my application form.
4 D ad had been driven all day so he was really tired w hen he got hom e from work.
Com plete the sentences using the verbs in brackets in the past perfect sim ple or continuous.
1 W hen I started working here, it was the first tim e I ________________ (work) in an office.
2 Luckily, w e ________________ (already write) the report w hen the boss arrived.
3 I ________________ (wait) for the bus to work for half an hour w hen it finally tu rned up.
4 Helen decided to speak to her m anager because s h e ________________ (have) problem s w ith the
others in the office.
6 My u n c le ________________ (try) to find a job for m onths when he finally found what he was
looking for.
©
Vocabulary builder
Work Wonders
C :upations
X v itch the jobs in the box with the definitions.
- - person ...
4 - hard physical work, such as repairing roads.
zns houses and other buildings.
If I • with the incom e and the expenses of a business.
» - >articles and reports for a newspaper.
«*= • - in a governm ent office, for example in a tax office,
i :oal or gold, etc from underground.
Urj - '.vith the water system in buildings.
igns and builds roads and bridges, etc.
Atj - with the electrical system in buildings.
«r_ : "oducts to businesses.
: :i zlete each sentence with one of the nouns you made in exercise 3. You may need to make the
mn ; olural.
@
WorkWonders
*^j Soundbite silent letters (1)
I
* 5 Use of English
: : - paratives and superlatives Com plete each sentence so that it m eans the same
^ lo o k at Grammar database pages as the first sentence. Use the words given without
175-176 before you do the exercises. changing them . Use no more than five words.
1 I’ve never read such a boring book about being
A ; : plete the sentences using eitherthe an actor, interesting
a -p a ra tiv e or the superlative form of
This is ______________________________ about
e adjective in brackets.
being an actor I have ever read.
This job is m u c h ________________ (easy) I had expected the job to be m ore difficult than
r m my last one! it was. as
I -'.agine the life of a lawyer is The jo b ______________________________ I had
_ _____________(challenging) than that expected.
OC . 'hop assistant. Everyone in the office took m uch longer to finish
Chris should make a good actor because their work than Kim. quickly
iv s _______________(confident) child I Kim finished her w o rk _________________________
know. everyone else in the office.
* rVxtors are generally________________ less
I got m ore satisfaction from my old job.
*»ell) paid than nurses. I a m ______________________________ I was
in my old job.
S ; .'q u e stio n s 1-10, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the
t " es to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an exam ple at the beginning (0).
-ite your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS.
AN U N U S U A L J O B
Most people end up in fairly ordinary (0) OCCUPATIONS OCCUPY
If you’re a (1 )______________ , a sales rep or a doctor, w hen LABOUR
you tell people what you do, they understand what it is.
For some, though, their (2 )______________ produces a EMPLOY
surprised stare from the (3 )______________of people. For MAJOR
example, Em ma C arter is a hand model. A what? Well, let
Emma explain. ‘It’s (4 )______________ paid than a lot of WELL
jobs, and in some ways I suppose it’s (5 )_______________ EASY
M ost people don’t understand w hat I do, even though
they’ve probably seen me do it! My hands appear on TV
and in m agazine ads all the time. I don’t think I’ve got the
(6 )_______________ hands in the world, but I know how PRETTY
to do different ( 7 ) ______________ in different ways, to ACTIVE
com m unicate ideas such as strength or love. The m ain
(8 )______________ o f this job are that I have a lot of ATTRACT
freedom to choose w hen I work, and I get to go on trips
abroad with all my (9 )______________ paid. I get a lot of EXPENSE
(1 0 ) _______________ out of it, and my hands are famous, ENJOY
even if I’m not!’
y Writing
A report
Decide if the statem ents are true (T)
<§> Look at Writing database - reports on page 151 before you or false (F).
do the exercises.
0
CONCLUSION o
Being an accountant would not be an DAILY ROUTINE
appropriate career choice for me. Firstly, On most days, my aunt arrives at the
1 am not interested in working in an office at nine o’clock and works on
office, and I would rather work outdoors. her computer until lunchtime. In the
Secondly, I have always wanted to afternoon, she visits businesses and
be a vet and work with animals. My has meetings with people. This was her
experience of a day with an accountant routine on the day I spent with her.
has not changed my plans.
SALARY AND JOB SATISFACTIONS
- r f f a a - s i . ■j p .« ._ . L l W l W B g l — f My aunt receives a good salary, and she
INTRODUCTION
To learn about care , ^ were
^ each
g
^ r often earns more by doing overtime. As
well as a good salary, my aunt gets a
large amount of job satisfaction from her
asked to spend a day ^ my aunt_ work. I observed her solving people’s
member of our^ an accountant. I financial problems and helping them
Rachel, who works as and manage their money. She enjoys this
part of her job.
To: Mrs Edwards
From: Hannah Davies
Subject: My day with an accountant
I :ne model again and com plete the Make a plan of your answer. Use your notes.
tar 'ences with a word or short phrase.
• How are you going to start your report?
Work Wonders
Kn ..wards asked the pupils to spend a day at T o :.....................................................................
.t o . careers. F ro m :................................................................
Subject:.............................................................
ah spent the day with a (n )_____ called
. who is a member of her family. • W hat’s the title of your first paragraph?
• How are you going to start it?
e day Hannah spent with Rachel, they spent
• W hat are the titles of your other paragraphs?
vrning in _________ • How are you going to start your final paragraph?
-rent the afternoon having_________with • Do you th ink this career w ould be suitable for you?
■.e at their businesses. • W hat are the m ain two reasons? Why? / W hy not?
• Is there a career that w ould suit you better? W hich?
. likes helping people with their_________
Now complete Writing Planner 4 on page 156.
ah would rather be a (n )_________than an
untant. Now write!
dy to write! 8 You are now ready to write your report. Use
formal language and present your information
: • at this writing task. Who is the report to clearly. Make a clear recom m endation.
: . /hat is the subject?
Check it out!
.me in your class has been asked to find
■out a different career, either by speaking Check your work. Tick (/ )
pie you know or by searching online. Your what you have done.
er has now asked you to write a report for
-m about the career you learned about.
: .e wants you to describe the main features
I have started the report in
. work and to explain why it would or the correct way.
'dn’t be suitable for you as a career.
1have used form al language.
■e a re p o rt of between 120 and 180 words in
I have given m y paragraphs
■propriate style. clear headings.
2 Com plete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Iftic people. ______ that working overtim e is a good way of m aking m ore money.
B th ink so
:r the correct article in each sentence. If no article is necessary, circle the hyphen (-
^ a/the/- 1980s, m any people used com puters at w ork for the first time.
41 - '.heI - United States, professional people w ork very long hours.
13i .t o go to a/the/- university to study engineering,
t ir ,i was off w ork last M onday w ith a/the/- cold.
Ifc ; Xo, M r Green is at a/the/- work. Can I take a message?’
1h . this job. I work all week, and then I have to w ork on a/the/- Sunday m orning too!
\ti , .r broke dow n so I went hom e on a/the/- foot.
J this text. For questions 1-10, use the word given at the end of each line to form a word that fills
a gap. There is an exam ple at the beginning (0). You will get two marks for each correct answer.
WORD BOX
4 Find w o rd s or p h rases in th e a rticle th a t m ean
■;eas fo r electro n ic te le visio n . After th e fo llo w in g . You've been g iven th e first le tte r to
ersity, he set up h is ow n b u sin e ss help yo u.
i ring rad ios. A ll the tim e he w a s doing 1 change channels on a TV
«s. he w a s looking out fo r the chance to t------------------------ o _ _______________
> m oney to d evelop his w orld-changing
itio n . After w o rk one day,
2 worldwide
©
Why? / W hy not?
The passive
<2> Look at Grammar database pages 176-177 before you do the exercises.
1 Read the sentences and phrase from the magazine 3 Choose the correct passive version of eac-
article on pages 42 and 43. Tick (/ ) the reasons why sentence.
we might use the passive.
1 They broadcast the news report by satellite
The basis for m odern telecom m unications was a The news report broadcasts them
created in the nineteenth century. by satellite,
For the first tim e, peoples voices could be sent over b The news report was broadcast by
long distances. satellite.
A lthough cinem a had been invented in 1895,... 2 Satellite television is bringing people close:
We m ight use the passive when to each other.
a People are being brought closer to each
a We don’t know who did som ething, other by satellite television,
b It’s not im portant who did something, b People are bringing satellite television
closer to each other.
c We w ant to emphasise something,
3 They showed that new Spielberg film on
d We think our reader doesn’t understand. cable last night.
Now underline all the examples of the passive a Cable has shown that new Spielberg film
you can find in the article. last night.
b That new Spielberg film was shown on
2 Rewrite the sentences in the passive. cable last night.
1 Som eone first suggested the idea of the internet in 4 Som ebody has stolen our television, so I
thel960s in America. m issed the big match,
2 They deliver our new spaper to the house every a O ur television was being stolen by
m orning. som eone so I m issed the big match,
3 Someone told m e that the BBC is planning a new b O ur television has been stolen so I
channel. m issed the big match.
4 Read this short article about com m unication.Then rewrite it in the passive.
I
Vocabulary builder
1 .1 6 You are going to listen to extracts from 5 M .1 8 Circle the words that have the same
five different programmes. As you listen, match vowel sound in them . Listen and check.
each extract to a program m e type. 1 w ord sorry fear bird
Extract 1 a docum entary 2 hard heard m urder bread
Extract 2 b sitcom 3 fair fur first far
Extract 3 c game show 4 m ean m eant learn burn
Extract 4 d chat show 5 sir occur part sour
Extract 5 e soap opera
«.ice sheep * equipment » furniture « wood « chicken paper • hair • news luggage chocolate
r " e s « information • fact * interest • jeans • money « journey trousers bone * rice
Z ! -ect the sentences that have mistakes in them and tick (/ ) the correct ones.
Lo television studio has a lot of valuable equipm ents in it.
program m e was interrupted to bring the viewers an im portant news,
people who read the news on TV wear a suit, rather than a jean.
_ . d to write for a paper and give advices to readers w ith problems,
i I k -: of us get a great deal of inform ation through the media.
Bo nonyms
tea verb from the box to match each definition. You will use each verb twice.
: questions 1-10, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of som e of the
i s to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an exam ple at the beginning (0).
i :e your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS.
T H E H IS T O R Y O F T V S H O W S
W hether you like (0) P0CUM6NT/\P-I6f> or w hether you prefer to watch a DOCUMENT
(1 )_________________ interview people on a chat show, we are all used to PRESENT
seeing a (2 ) ________________ of program m es on our screens. We often VARY
forget, though, that som eone had to invent each type of show. For example,
the first ( 3 ) ________________ appeared on the first game show, called CONTEST
Spelling Bee, in Am erica in 1938, although the ( 4 )_______________ of POPULAR
game shows really began to grow in the late 1950s. The first
(5 )________________ of a sports event took place in 1936 and showed BROAD
the Berlin Olympics®. The first situation (6 )_________________ (or ‘sitcom’) COMIC
was called Pinwright’s Progress and was m ade in 1946 by the BBC. The
first soap operas were on radio, and the (7 )___________________ were often PRODUCE
com panies that m ade soap pow der - that’s where the nam e comes from!
They started to appear on TV in the 50s, and (8 )__________________soon VIEW
fell in love w ith these shows. A nd w hat about (9 ) ________________ shows? REAL
They grew out of (1 0 ) ________________ shows about ordinary people and EARLY
really took off w ith the first series of Big Brother in the N etherlands in 1999.
@
The Global Village
* 4 Writing
A story
<S> Look at Writing database - stories on page 152 before you do the exercises.
1 When you write a story, descriptive language is im portant. Put the adjectives into the correct column.
2 Underline any adjectives from your lists that can be m ade into adverbs by adding -ly.
Working model
3 Read this writing task. W ho do you think is going to read the story?
A local radio station is holding a com petition
for stories w ritten by listeners. The w inning IT WAS/VT MS!
stories will be read on the radio. The
com petition rules state that all stories m ust I had never imagined I would see myself on the- news. If
begin w ith these words: was awful! The newsreader was talking about a robbery
I had never imagined I would see m yself on and there, on the screen, was a picture o f me. 'Mum! I'm
on television!' I shouted, and she ran into the living room.
the news.
'That's great!' she said and then suddenly stopped. She
W rite a story o f betw een 120 and 180 words looked at me, and then back at the screen.
in an appropriate style. 7 didn't do it. I'm innocent!' I said quickly, 'vlhat should
I do?'
4 Read the answer to the writing task. My mum suggested that we go to the police station. I
Underline all the descriptive adjectives and wasn't sure. I didn't want to go to prison fo r a crime I
adverbs the writer has used. hadn't committed! Mum said that I had to convince them
that they wanted the wrong person.
The next night, they said on the news that the police had
caught the person who committed the robbery. He looked
a little like me. My nightmare was finally over.
3 Decide if the statem ents are true (T) or false (F). Now write!
'he w riter starts w ith the right words. 7 You are now ready to write your story. Make
• ■low did you feel w hen you saw yourself on descriptive adjectives.
le news? I have used direct speech
• Why were you on the news? at least once.
• '.’ho else was involved?
My story has a beginning,
!• iow did they feel? Did they say anything? a m iddle and an end.
• '.'hat happened after you saw the news?
I have used paragraphs.
I hen w hat happened?
i W hat happened in the end? I have checked my spelling
i How did you feel in the end? and my grammar.
tow complete Writing Planner 5 on page 157. My story is betw een 120
and 180 words long. □
Look Back
Can you answ erthese questions? If you
can't remember, look through the unit for
the answers.
1 How old was Philo T. Farnsw orth w hen
he had the idea for electronic TV?
2 W hat do we call the title of a
news story?
3 We m ake the passive using which
auxiliary verb?
4 W hat is a couch p otato’?
5 W hich noun is countable?
jeans news facts
6 W hat two m eanings of ‘argue’ do you
know?
the writer of the book agrees or
disagrees with them ?
What's the w eather usually like in each season in your area?
Traditional wisdom isn’t very reliab
Think about:
The professionals rely on the
spring sum m er autum n w inter amateurs.
You should know the usual weather
patterns.
You can benefit from your forecasts
o-lt-Younself Forecasts
When the wind is in the west, Can't we amateurs forecast the weather at all, then?
Yes, we can, but to be a great amateur meteorologist
the weather is always best.
you need to do some of the things the experts do. Fir;-
When the w ind’s in the south, of all, collect your information. You need to know abo
the rains in its mouth. the climate in the area where you live. What's a typical
Have you heard sayings like these before? Or have summer like? How much rain normally falls in Octobe'
you heard that when cows lie down it's going to rain? If your area never gets fog in the summer, then a for
Maybe you've heard that a sunny Christmas Day means of fog in July is unlikely to be accurate.
we're going to have a warm Easter. Many cultures have The next thing you need to take into account is local
traditional ideas about how to forecast the weather and geography. Are there any mountains nearby? They c
they all have one thing in common: they are not very affect the wind. Are you by the coast? That could affect]
7 accurate. Most of them are about as accurate as saying rainfall. All these factors need to be considered w her
that the weather tom orrow will be more or less the same are trying to understand what the weather is going tc
as today. The weather is too complicated to be forecast do next. You'll also need some basic equipment: a gc
easily and simply. thermometer, a barometer to measure pressure in the
How do meteorologists go about trying to forecast atmosphere and, if possible, a wind meter. Start to kc
the weather?The first thing they need is information, records of the temperature, pressure and wind speed
and lots of it. Data is constantly collected from weather and direction each day.
stations around the world. Weather balloons tell us what Then it's a question of using your eyes, and even you-
is happening at high altitude. Satellites give us images ears. Listen to the radio. Is there a lot of static? Toget
of cloud cover and wind direction. All this information is with falling atmospheric pressure, that probably me
processed by computer and combined with information that the weather is going to get worse. Go outside a
about the normal climate of a region to produce the listen. Do sounds seem clearer than usual? Is there a •
forecast. Even so, we can only accurately forecast the of ring around the Sun or Moon? It could mean that
weather for the next couple of days.
The w riter suggests that the am ateur forecaster
Read the text again. For questions 1-6,
choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you
should
A buy a lot of accurate equipm ent.
5 am ateur e predict
(paragraph 3)
O
Come Rain or Shine
Grammar clinic
The future (1)
<3> Look at Grammar database pages 178-179 before you do the exercises.
E l
To: Dackie
Date: 4th November
Subject: Hi!
Hi Zoe,
Thanks for your email!
This is just a quick message because (1) I Jm m e e tin g /IJ11 meet Alison at
the gym in a few minutes.
Anyway, hereJs what I need to know. (2) Do you s t i l l go/Are you s t i l l
g oin g to DaveJs barbecue on Saturday afternoon? I hope so, because I think
(3) weJl l have/weJre having a great time!What do you think theweather
(4)w i l l b e / is b eing like? If itJs warm, (5) I / I J11 wear my new shorts.
(6) I Jm g oin g t o / I call Dave this evening to ask him what we should bring
with us. (7) A re/W ill you seeing him tomorrow?
Got to go now. (8) I Jm t e x t i n g / I J11 t e x t you later when (9) I / I J11 get
back from the gym.
Bye for now!
Dackie
4 Correct the sentences that have m istakes in them . One sentence has no m istakes. Which one?
1 We should take coats w ith us. The forecast says it’s raining later today.
2 I hope it stops snowing! I m eet Ben at the cafe at six.
3 It’s getting very windy! We will have a storm!
4 Shall I tu rn the central heating on? It’s getting a bit cold, isn’t it?
5 That was lightning! It starts raining in a m inute, I bet!
6 I th ink that in 100 years’ tim e we are able to control the weather.
©
1 Vocabulary builder
of wind of water
©
Come Rain or Shine Listening ^ Soundbite w e a k fo r m s (l)
1 1 .2 0 You are going to listen to an extract 0 1.22 Some words are pronounced differentl
from an interview about rainbows. Answer when they aren't stressed. Listen to how we say th
the questions. underlined words in these sentences.
1 W hat’s the program m e called? and I get a bit scared w hen there’s lots of thunder
2 W hat does Nicola want to know? and lightning.
3 W here does Kate work? an Don’t forget to take an umbrella.
as It’s not as cold as yesterday, is it?
1.21 Listen to the whole interview. For
questions 1-7 , com plete the sentences.
at It started snowing at 10 o’c lock and didn’t stop
can If it’s warm , we can go to the beach.
The sun’s energy is composed of 1 fo r It seems like it’s been raining for days.
microwaves and light.
Now try saying the sentences in the same way.
Light reaching the E arth is bent by 2 I f necessary, listen again.
in the air.
Kate suggests looking closely at a(n) 3
We don’t see rainbows in w inter because the
raindrops are 4
You can create a rainbow by 5 into
the air.
To do Kate’s experim ent, you need a m irror, the
sun, a bowl of water and a(n) 6
The next question is about the causes of
7
Speaking
Here are som e pictures of unusual
things. Talk about what you think
they might be. Use the phrases given.
@ ■ K
Use of English
© t
- .vriter has forgotten to give the article Check it out!
:< ;a g e 56 a title. Which of these would be a
Check your work. Tick ( / ) what you
l>»dy to write!
< .. ■a tth isw ritin g ta sk .W h o isg o in g to
your article?
O
Revision
Units 5-6
1 Choose the correct option.
I don’t lik e________________ at all. The stories are too dram atic and the
characters aren’t real.
A cartoons B game shows C sitcoms D soap operas
-iplete each sentence so that it means the same as the first sentence. Use the words given without
e~ j nging them. Use no more than five words.You will get two marks for each correct answer.
>rm damaged the church near our house, by
!• nurch near our house__________________________________ a storm.
1 » .s very noisy here while they were building the new road, being
fe l le the new road_________________________________ , it was very noisy here.
.'le think that TV news is very shocking, thought
TV news__________________________________ very shocking.
Sen eonehastak en m ybook soutofm ybag! have
Ifr ^ooks__________________________________ out of my bag!
:k South Africa will probably win the match, be
T i. match_________________________________ South Africa.
IK J everyone about the changes to the timetable, been
Em -vone_________________________________ about the changes to the timetable.
V-. num gave each of us €100 to spend at the fair, given
________________________________ €100 to spend at the fair.
< ite a word or phrase to match the definitions. You've been given the first letter to help.
* dwide g_________________
fcouren rain h_________________
gram m e where famous people are interview ed c_________________ s_______
predict f_________________
» eone who introduces a TV show p_________________
- ■m who studies the weather m _________________
^ --on who does som ething for pleasure, w ithout being paid a_______________
4 e riod of very hot weather h_________________
a ke (a dream ) come true r_________________
i eavy snow storm b_________________
Score /60
ja m s noA a i y 0 £ ~ 0 PI00 I -raip o ire i o j aim } scji aqAEp\T Of.' 1Z
©
; d n ; i d s s j j jiE a j8 s <) E q x ,0 £ ~ ll7 iBn l s n o ^ j3 u o p ]p A \0 9 ~ I£
A Matter of Taste
Q Start thinking! Reading
W here do you think potatoes came from? 1 W 1.23 Read this m agazine article to check
W ho do you th in k invented chips? your answers.
W hen do you th in k crisps were invented?
0
What do the words and phrases refer to? Read the article again. Six sentences have been
Circle the correct option. removed from the article. Choose from the
sentences A -G the one which fits each gap (1-6).
1 the ones (paragraph 3)
There is one extra sentence which you do not
people in Peru/potatoes
need to use.
2 those (paragraph 4)
attractive potatoes/other vegetables A He m entions ‘chips of potato’ fried in oil in one of
his books.
3 he (paragraph 7)
B He kept sending them back to be sliced again.
the customer/George Crum
4 them (paragraph 8) C O rdinary people stole them and planted them in
yourfriends/the chips their own gardens.
D The original potatoes were smaller and tasted
bitter.
E They are a good source of vitamins, surprisingly.
F They were given to slaves and prisoners because
they were so cheap.
G We seem to love potatoes however they are
cooked.
WORD BOX
. rica went to France during the
. World War and loved the dish, 4 Use words or phrases from the text to com plete
the Americans eat over 20 the sentences. You've been given the first letter to
on tons of chips a year. (That’s help you.
. aether, not each!) 1 Doctors say that eating too m uch food
.s are an American invention, f------------------------- in oil isn’t very healthy
:ugh they call them ‘chips' (don't 2 They sell lots of different ice cream and my
ronfused!). Everybody agrees favourite f________________ is banana!
• 3 Native-American chef, George
made the first crisps in 1853. 3 In fast-food places in Britain, they ask for
3ay, a difficult customer wanted c-----------------------— , but in Am erica they ask for
potatoes, sliced thinly. When F________________ f__________________
arrived, he said they weren't thin 4 W hen I went to New York, I asked for a packet of
gh. 6j In the end, Crum
annoyed and sliced the potato as c----------------------- -- as a snack, but they said they
.©
• W hich of the facts in the article do you th in k is
m ost surprising? Why?
A Matter of Taste * 3 Grammar clinic
Reported speech Match the reporting verbs with the correct
m eanings.
<2> Look at Grammar database pages 181-182
before you do the exercises. 1 refuse a say that som ething is true w ithout
proof
Read this sentence from the m agazine article on
2 deny b say that you won’t do som ething
pages 60 and 61.
W hen they arrived, he said they weren’t thin 3 suggest c say that you did som ething wrong
enough. 4 adm it d say that you didn’t do som ething you
What did he actually say? are accused of
a ‘They weren’t th in enough.’
5 claim e offer a plan or idea to be considered
b ‘They aren’t th in enough.’
Choose the correct reported version of each Com plete the sentences using the verbs in
sentence. the box.
1 ‘I’m m aking chips for lunch,’ said Linda. refused suggested denied
a Linda said she will m ake chips for lunch, admitted claimed
b Linda said she was m aking chips for lunch.
1 ‘We serve the best food in town,’ the owner said.
2 ‘W hat have you been doing all day?’ my father
asked me. The o w n e r________________________________
a My father asked me w hat had I been doing the best food in town.
all day
2 ‘Yes, I ate the cake in the fridge,’ she said.
b My father asked me what I had been doing
all day S h e _________________________________ the
3 ‘You m ust be m ore careful in the kitchen,’ M um cake in the fridge.
said. 3 ‘No, I won’t cook your dinner while you watch
a M um said I had to be m ore careful in the TV,’ Sally said to her husband.
kitchen.
b M um said me to be m ore careful in the kitchen. Sally_______________________________ .her
husband’s dinner while he watched TV.
4 ‘We’ll be happy to keep a table for you,’ the waiter
said. 4 ‘Don’t look at me! I didn’t drink all of the orang;
a The waiter said we should be happy if they kept juice!’ shouted Oliver.
a table for us. O liv er______________________________
______________________________all
b The waiter said they would be happy to keep a of the orange juice.
table for us.
5 ‘How about all of us m eeting outside BurgerBar
at nine?’ said Ron.
Rewrite the statem ents using reported speech.
1 W e ate in a great restaurant last night,’ R o n _________________________________
George said. outside BurgerBar at nine.
2 ‘I’ll have chicken and another glass of this wine,’
M r Brown said.
3 ‘D on’t put your knife in your m outh, T om ’
his father said.
4 ‘A re you having chips?’ asked m y friend.
5 ‘W hat have you cooked for dinner?’ she asked
her husband.
@
nn Vocabulary builder
A Matter of Taste
^od and cooking Phrasal verbs with out
1 Match the ways of cooking with the definitions. 4 Phrasal verbs with out often have m eanings
1 frv a cook in the oven w ith oil (meat, etc) connected to som ething stopping or
disappearing. Read the sentences and match
Z boil b cook in hot water
the correct phrasal verb to each definition.
1 bake c cook under direct heat
1 Firem en have finally out the fire.
4 grill d cook in hot oil
2 It was so hot that I passed outl
} -oast e cook in the oven (bread, a cake, etc)
3 You can’t fracfc ouf of helping me now!
Complete the paragraph using the words in 4 We’ve run out o f eggs so we can’t bake a cake.
ie box. 5 My brother dropped out of his course at college.
3ck • recipes meal > ingredients cooker 6 Let’s not fall out over who is cooking dinner!
efs • saucepans • raw dishes dairy 7 Just cut out the sugar and it’ll be fine,
a not have any left
b
faint, lose consciousness
c argue
ery books are usually written by famous
d n ot include, remove
_____________________ These books are full of
e leave a course before the end
^ _____________________ , telling you how to cook f extinguish, stop som ething burning
■ •e re n t (3 )_______________________ They usually tell g decide n ot to do som ething you had
•vhat (4 )______________________ you need first. agreed to do
©
*♦) Listening
1 1 .2 4 You are going to listen to four short 3 W hat does the m an think of the wom an’s
conversations. Decide who the man is in each suggestions?
conversation. A He follows them .
B He ignores them .
In Conversation 1, the m an is
C He questions them .
A a waiter
B a custom er 4 W hat does the m an suggest to go with the
C a restaurant m anager lamb?
A a spicy dish
In Conversation 2, the m an is
B som ething cheesy
A a chef
C some simple food
B a student
C a waiter
In Conversation 3, the m an is
A a custom er S O lin d b lt© /k/, /g/and/g/
B a waiter
C a student Listen to these words. Pay attention
In Conversation 4, the m an is to the ends of the words.
A a chef bag * bang • back * bank
B a waiter
C a restaurant m anager Now listen to these sets of words. Decide in
w hat order you hear the words by writing the
Listen again. For questions 1-4 , choose the best letters a to c next to the words.
answer (A, B orC).
1 W hy are they having this conversation? 1 th in g _____ th in k _____ th ic k _____
A to plan for the com ing m onth 2 san g _____ sa n k _____ sa g _____
B to decide w hat to have for dinner
3 sick_____ sin k _____ sin g _____
C to appoint a new chef
2 W hy does the w om an w ant the m an to try 4 b rin g _____ b ric k _____ b rin k _____
the food?
A to show him that she’s a good cook
B to help him carry out his job better
C to show him w hat he’s doing wrong
f j Speaking
1 Match to make useful phrases for agreeing and Work in pairs. Use the phrases from exercise 1
disagreeing. to help you agree and disagree.
1 Yes, I totally a a good point.
• Plan a special meal out for both your families
2 You’re absolutely b disagree. • Talk about how m uch you th in k they would
3 Yes, I th in k that’s c I agree w ith you. like to eat these meals.
4 I’m not sure d agree w ith you. • Decide which two choices you w ould like to
suggest to your families.
5 I’m afraid I have to e right.
Use of English
A Matter of Taste
Indirect questions
<® Look at Gram m ar database pages 182-183 before you do the exercises.
1 Read the questions. Decide if the statem ents are true (T) or false (F).
Z Rewrite the questions as indirect questions starting Read this passage about fortune
with the words given. cookies and answ er the questions in
exercise 1.
Do you like Chinese food? I w o n d e r___________
©
7 Writing
A Matter of Taste
A Matter of Taste
-•nother local chef. Peter Murphy. Include all the information in
the notes. Ask him all the questions you have
to. Write between 120 and 150 words.
oking in th e Classroom
Check it out!
3 we all learn how to cook at school? Yes, says
Check your work. Tick (/ ) what you
Murphy, a local chef, whose new book, Fit for a
is published this week. He believes that schools have done. i£ £ \
^ provide lessons in healthy cooking and healthy W
g for all pupils. Peter thinks that fast food is great,
. Dung people can also make other delicious dishes,
mers at his restaurant in the centre of town
nly agree that he knows w hat he's doing!
' have sta rte d and fin ish ed
Murphy has agreed to do an interview with your
th e em ail in th e co rre ct w ay.
magazine and you have been asked to give him
information. Here are the notes you have made: 1have in clu d e d all the
info rm atio n in th e notes.
Rebecca Key, 13
Hanna Bridgeman, 14
0
Out and About Grammar clinic
Full infinitives (with to) and -ing Read the situations. Circle the correct word or
forms after verbs phrase in each sentence.
You went to Paris last year. In your m ind, you
<I> Look at Grammar database pages 183-184 can see the Eiffel Tower.
before you do the exercises.
T rem em ber to see/seeing the Eiffel Tower in
Read these sentences from the article on pages Paris last year. It was fantastic!’
68 and 69. You are in the car going to the beach. You want
... or are you planning to do som ething a little to buy som ething to drink.
m ore adventurous? ‘I’m thirsty. Shall we stop to get/getting
... I prefer staying at a hotel. som ething to drink?’
Find other verbs in the article which are You and a friend are in a strange city and you
followed by the full infinitive or the -ing form. can’t find your hotel.
‘I think we’re lost. W hy don’t we try
Com plete the sentences using the correct form to ask/asking som eone for directions?’
of the verbs in brackets. You get to the airport and you suddenly realise
1 I don’t th in k we can really afford that you haven’t got your passport.
________________(go) abroad this year. ‘Oh, no! I m ust have forgotten to pick/picking
up my passport w hen we left!’
2 My dad is p la n n in g ________________ (find)
some cheap flights on the internet. You are staying in a hotel and you have
3 I’d quite lik e ________________ (visit) an Asian accidentally broken the key.
country, like India. ‘I’m sorry. I was trying to open/opening the
door and the key broke.’
4 If you enjoy. . (swim), why not
try an adventure holiday?
Find eight mistakes
5 My friends and I have arranged
in this text m essage
________________(meet) at sum m er camp again and correct them.
next year.
6 C hina seem s________________ (be) a very
popular tourist destination at the m om ent.
7 I w ould suggest________________ (book) a
room in a hotel before we leave.
communication • accommodation
23 Soundbite /s/ a n d /z/ losing things • travel delays
health * money * food
local culture
weather
^ 1 .2 8 Som etim es the letter's'so un d s like's' disagreements accidents
in 'see' and som etim es it sounds like 'z' in 'zebra'.
How is 's' pronounced in these words? Listen
and check.
1 says 4 interested 7 increase
2 advise 5 doesn’t
3 stress 6 peas
1 Correct the sentences. Com plete each sentence so that it m eans the same as the first
i’d prefer travelling by ferry sentence. Use the words given without changing them . Use no
:o France w hen we go on more than five words.
noliday this summer. 1 I th in k I’d prefer to go to Spain this year and not France, than
We would better call the This year, I w o u ld ___________________________go to France.
hotel to see if they still have
any rooms. M um says she prefers visiting countries she hasn’t been to before,
I prefer seeing the sights would
than lying on the beach all M um says s h e . . she has been to before.
day.
My doctor suggested taking some tim e off w ork to relax, better
Vietnam was great, b ut I
didn’t prefer to eat some of ‘You___________________________ some tim e off work to relax,’ my
:he local dishes. doctor said.
I had rather not to stay in a
I like travelling, but som etim es I’d rather just stay at hom e, to
notel where there are lots of
ither tourists. Sometimes, I __________________________ travelling.
3arts of speech
J Complete the table. Note: the brackets show negative forms.
'crb noun adjective verb noun adjective
Jagree _agree__ difficult. difficult
Jap p ear _appear_ discuss discuss_
jpply appl-------- interest inter___ _)interest_
appl-------- _Jinterest_
iim age damag A lrespons_
responsib.
describe descri visit visit
visit_____
4 For questions 1-6 , com plete the second sentence so that it has a similar m eaning to the first
sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five
ords, including the word given. Write the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS.
\ Iv parents discussed where we were going to go on holiday, about
My p a re n ts__________________________ where we were going to go on holiday.
I ■m ight be cold in Poland, so take some warm clothes, better
You__________________________ some warm clothes in case it’s cold in Poland.
'rganising social events is usually the holiday rep’s responsibility, responsible
he holiday r e p ___________________________organising social events.
hey didn’t have m any applicants for the job at the travel agent’s, receive
. hey didn’t __________________________ for the job at the travel agent’s.
; d m uch rather stay in hotels than go cam ping w hen I’m on holiday, prefer
I m u ch ___________________________ than going cam ping w hen I’m on holiday.
I Ae found it difficult on holiday to understand the local people, difficulty
Ae h a d __________________________________________________the local people.
U Writing
A review Working model
<2> Look at Writing database - reviews on page 152 Read the answer to the writing task and decide r*
before you do the exercises. the statem ents are true (T) or false (F).
1 The review has a title.
Read this writing task. In pairs or as a group,
discuss these questions. 2 The first paragraph is an introduction.
• W hich tourist attractions in your area could you 3 The second paragraph describes in
write about? detail the activities in the park.
• W hat can people do there? 4 The final paragraph sum m arises the
• W ould you recom m end them ? Why? / W hy not? w riter’s opinion.
5 Each paragraph has its own heading.
You recently sa w this m e ssa g e on a website
6 The writer uses contractions such as
for teenagers.
don’t, there’s, I’d, etc.
Bodmin ?ark
Write a review of betw een 120 and 180 words in Bodmin Park is one of the most popular tourist attract :>
an appropriate style. in the £hudford area. The park is open all summer, anc
there are a large number of activities for people of all 3 .
Write a word from the box in each gap to to enjo'f.
com plete these sentences expressing opinion.
The parks just a short 15-minute drive from the town
as inx2 personally to
of £hudford. There is free parking for visitors, and the
1 _________________ my m ind, m ost teenagers will entrance fee is not expensive: 610 for adults, €5 for chi 3
enjoy a tour of the castle. between 5 and 15. children under the age of five don't • .•
to pa'). There's also a family ticket which costs
2 __________ ____my view, people of all ages will
love a day out at B odm in Park. Inside the park, there's a gift shop, a cafe and a lovely f c
3 ________________ m y opinion, there aren’t m any area. The main attraction, though, is the adventure park
activities for teenagers to do there, so they will This has a large number of fun activities, such as death
probably find a trip there a little boring. slides, rope bridges and climbing walls. Safety equipment i
4 I ______________ believe that this is one of the provided and there are always members of staff available
best attractions in the whole country. to help n|ou. For people who want a quieter time, there ar
5 _______________ far as I’m concerned, this is one beautiful walks through the forest.
of the m ost expensive and least interesting places I'd definitely recommend a trip to Bodmin Park, particular
in the area to visit.
if the weather's nice. In nty view, people of all ages will rt-i
enjo-f a da'/ out there.
id the answer to the writing task again and write YES Now write!
NO to answer each question.
You are now ready to write your review.
Is le park open all year ro u n d ? ___________ Use your plan from exercise 6 to help you.
Write betw een 120 and 180 words.
e park near the tow n of C hudford?___________
vou have to pay to park your car th ere?___________ Check it out!
r. a three-year-old child enter free?___________ 8 Check your work.
families get a discount?___________ Tick ( / ) what you
h a\/P Hnnp
l there places to eat in the p a rk ? ___________
:hey provide safety equipm ent in the
venture pa rk ? ___________
I have given m y review
aying at the adventure park the only a title.
vityyou can do th ere ? ___________
I have w ritten four
■better to go there w hen it’s not raining?__________ main paragraphs.
_s the w riter recom m end the park only for I have said w here the
. ng people?___________ attraction is.
' - are going to write a review in answer to the same I have described the
i itin g task. Choose an attraction in your area and main activities.
: ~ plete the chart.
I have said w h ether I
|b e of attraction: recom m end the place or not.
@
complete Writing Planner 8 on page 158.
Revision
Units 7-8
1 Choose the correct option.
2 You. __the bread and I’ll butter it and we’ll m ake some sandwic
A slice B boil C fry D carve
Let’s look through so m e ______ . and decide where we’re going this
summer.
A souvenirs B brochures C custom s D departures
Then, you have t o ________ __ your m eat in the oven for about an hour.
A fry B roast C boil D bake
2 Com plete each sentence so that it m eans the sam e as the first sentence. Us*
words given without changing them . Use no more than five words. You wi
two marks for each correct answer.
1 ‘I’m m eeting M ark outside the cinema,’ said Philip, he
Philip sa id _____________________________ outside the cinema.
2 ‘I’ve been here before,’ M arianna said as we entered the old house, there
As we entered the old house, M arianna sa id ______________ ______________
before.
3 ‘W hy don’t we see w hat’s on at the cinem a?’ said Alex, suggested
A lex_____________________________ on at the cinema.
4 ‘Put your dirty clothes in the washing basket,’m y m um said, told
My m u m _____________________________ dirty clothes in the washing bask-.
5 ‘I’ve been working all day so I’m tired,’ M rs Lewis said, because
M rs Lewis said sh e _____________________________ been working all day.
6 ‘No, I’m not going to lend you any money,’ N ancy said to me. refused
N ancy_____________________________ any money.
7 ‘I th ink G randm a will be here at the weekend,’ my dad said, there
M y dad said h e _____________________________ at the weekend.
3 Circle the correct word or phrase in each sentence.
Do you rem em ber to go Igoing to see that fantastic film last year?
2 I suggest to visit/visiting the Science M useum while you’re in town.
The old m an appeared to be/being quite ill w hen I saw him.
• My sister avoids to eat/eating fast food because it’s unhealthy
- I’m going to learn to play/playing the drum s this summer.
Do you th ink we can afford to go Igoing on holiday this year?
I was surprised w hen the hero got killed rig h t___ . the end of the film.
I Could you please put your n a m e ______________ this piece of paper and give it back to me?
; Tell m e more. I’m very interested______________ local history.
W hat are you w orking __________ . ? Can I have a look?
I’m afraid I don’t know m u c h . ______the Second W orld War.
6 Read this letter. For questions 1-10, use the word given at the end of each line to form a word
that fills the gap. There is an exam ple at the beginning (0). You will get two marks for each
correct answer.
D ear M r Coco,
Thank you for your (0) application for the position of manager. I am APPLY
afraid that after a long (1 )_________________we have decided to appoint DISCUSS
som eone else. We would like to explain our (2 )_______________ All o f us CHOOSE
were a little surprised by your ( 3 )___________
__________ when you came for the APPEAR
interview. ‘Dressed like a clown’ was the ( 4 )______________ used by one DESCRIBE
of us. A great ( 5 )______________ of different people w ork for us, but we VARY
thought the red nose showed a lack of (6 )_______________ We were all in RESPONSIBLE
(7 ) ______________ that m any of our custom ers w ould have great AGREE
(8 ) ______________ in taking seriously a m anager in size 76 shoes. We DIFFICULT
hope this (9). ____ helps. I would like to finish by expressing EXPLAIN
m y ( 10 ) _____ . that you will go far in business ... show. BELIEVE
Yours faithfully,
Justine Carter
Personnel M anager
Score I 60
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Reading
How often do you do these things? 2.01 Quickly read the m agazine article. Write the
use computers num ber of a paragraph 1- 6 next to each heading. There
send and get emails is one heading you do not need to use.
send and get text messages
a Better batteries ____
buy something online
b A huge num ber of uses ____
Do you or does anyone in your family have:
a netbook c Reasons to be concerned ____
a tablet computer d M ore functions, better functions ____
a smartphone e In the past ____
W hat new technology do you expect to see f Tom orrow ’s world ____
in the next two or three years?
g M oney m atters ____
Lab Report
•ne phrase given.
1 People sta rte d . . while doing things
weren’t mobile (paragraph 1) out of the house.
I while doing things out of the house 2 T h e______________ of cameras on early mobile
paragraph 1)
phones was not good.
( ■A'as im portant for different things to
3 It’s im portant that a mobile phone battery is
a m bine (paragraph 2)
powerful a n d _______________
l | lo become m ore powerful in the future
; iragraph 2) 4 W ith sm artphones today,_______________ are
dow nloaded onto the phone.
I « ' a waste o f tim e (paragraph 3)
I -•i.'v com m on (paragraph 3) 5 To access inform ation, sm artphones can use the
mobile phone netw ork, o r _________________ .
f h r .e a situation (paragraph 5)
6 A sm artphone knows w hen it’s ______________ to
H tf-.e chances are (paragraph 6)
the left or right.
7 M any people u s e ______________ to pay bills
through their phone, com puter or tablet.
8 A (n )______________ in a future phone will be able
to detect pollution and pollen.
WORD BOX
4 Find words in the article to match the definitions.
You've been given the first letter to help you.
1 h - (adj) useful
2 d . (n) a m achine or piece o f equipm ent
that does a p;
3 d - (n) progress, im provem ent
to someone else with the same app, 4 i . (v) get better
• .ou want an app to do your online
- play funny noises to your cat, or point
5 u _ (adv) definitely, certainly
i f * ; ~ies of all the stars and planets right 6 d
p m , you can find it. And by the time you
- (v) go down, becom e sm aller/lower
) Ihs. -nere will be thousands more apps 7 q - (n) how good som ething is
8 r (adj) not too expensive
it oout the future? It's always dangerous
.hat technology's going to be like in 9 f
(n) the ability to do different things
s time and we often get it wrong, but
10 d (adj) electronic, not physical
• ely that the future apps will rely on
* d functions that current smartphones
For example, if future smartphones
<ind of air sensor, there will be a
range of apps which can tell you if the
'eathing is too polluted, or, for people
es, how much pollen is in the air. As
^ Have your say!
■gnition and video-streaming become
• W hat are the m ost useful apps? W hy are they so
::ive, another range of apps might
e real and the digital. For example, in
useful? Can you th in k of any other apps that som eone
-nere might be games we play on our m ight invent in the future?
es where the background and setting
s room we're sitting in, or the street
’ ing in.
©
Lab Report Grammar clinic
Conditionals (1): zero, first, second Put the verbs into the correct form to complete
the sentences. Use contractions (I'll, I'd, etc)
<S> Look at Grammar database page 185 before you
w here possible.
do the exercises.
1 If I ______________ (be) y o u ,_______________
Read the sentences from the article on pages 78 (I/get) a sm artphone.
and 79. Match each one to an explanation.
2 The browser opens a new tab i f ______________
1 If you use a m obile phone for m ore than just a (you/click) on any of these links.
few phone calls, you need a powerful long-lasting
If the in te rn e t______________ (not/exist), we
battery.____
_____________ (not/be) able to send emails
2 If future sm artphones have some kind of air
round the world.
sensor, there will be a whole new range
of a p p s ______ If you buy a new tab let,. (make
sure you get one with a good-quality camera.
3 If we didn’t have wireless networks, we almost
certainly wouldn’t have sm artphones_____ 5 I f ______________ (you/lower) the screen of a
a This expresses a present or future possibility netbook, it goes into ‘sleep’ m ode automatically
Choose the correct option in each sentence. 4 Use this information about a student to make
six conditional sentences as in the examples.
1 If I were a scientist,______________ a new kind of
computer. fail: get a job as a
a I w ould invent b I invent c I will invent lab assistant
2 Sm artphones______________ a possibility if we
didn’t have long-lasting batteries.
a won’t be b isn’t c w ouldn’t be
3 If y o u . . nonsense into a computer,
you get nonsense out.
a w ould put b put c were putting
You should th in k carefully about w hat you need if
y o u ______________ to get a computer.
a are planning b were planning c would plan
An air sensor in a sm artphone will be useful if it
______________ people w ith allergies.
a w ould help b helped c helps
1 or a cable 9 memory
b CD-ROM stick
c DVD-ROM h monitor
d external i mouse
hard drive 9 printer
e key k screen
f keyboard 1 USB port
I :m plete the sentences using the nouns in the Phrasal verbs with off
: x. Some of them may need to be in the plural.
4 Phrasal verbs with off often have m eanings
r .e n tio n discovery theory laboratory connected to removing, stopping or cancelling
■ rerim ent research something. Match the phrasal verbs in the box
with the correct definitions.
The com puter is one of the m ost im portant
g oo ff make off takeoff put off
„ ____________of the late 20th century. tu rn o ff call off
I : lawking has an interesting ______________ stop liking som ething you used
i > 'lit how the universe developed. to like
Today’s _______________ have a lot of complicated 2 . remove an item of clothing, etc
i entific equipm ent in them .
3 . delay som ething until a later tim e
According to rec e n t______________ , m ost
; pie don’t understand m odern science. 4 . cancel a planned event
5 . escape, often after a crim e
. w ith white mice is designed
* :cst their intelligence. 6 . stop a m achine
■-:ronomers have announced the
. of a new planet.
5 Com plete the sentences using the correct form
of the phrasal verbs from exercise 4.
nect.
• s i n .
Listening Speaking
1 What do you want to do in the future?
1 %9 2.02 You are going to listen to five people
talking about new com puter gam es. Decide I ’d like to go to university, if I get good exam resulu
which com puter gam e each person enjoyed the I want to get m arried if ______________________
most.
I hope to have a family if ______________
A Night Thief Speaker 1:
It’d be nice to work as a (n ) .
B Cave Warrior Speaker 2:
if______________________
C M ad Driver City Speaker 3:
I’d love to visit__________ . one day
D Tower o f Evil Speaker 4: if_____________________
E Cup Final Speaker 5: I’d like to live
3 =or questions 1-12, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap.
Use only one word in each gap. There is an exam ple at the beginning (0). Write your answers
IN CAPITAL LETTERS.
Time TrauEi
Scientists still aren’t sure whether the laws of physics allow us (0) ---------- -------------
w build a time machine. Som e scientists argue that it’s ( 1 ) -------------------- possible,
using this logic: if we built a time machine and travelled back into the past, we
(2 ) __________________ be able to stop our parents meeting. Then w e’d never be born!
(3 ) __________________ , however, argue that that isn’t a real problem. We just wouldn’t be
born in this universe, but w e’d still be born in a parallel universe. Strange, isn’t it?
(4 ) __________________you want to travel into the past, it’s actually very easy. Ju st look
(5 ) __________________at the night sky. When you see a star in the sky, (6)
you see it as it is right now? No, you see it as it w as millions of years ago. This is
( 7 ) ___________________ the light from the star has taken millions of years to travel across the
universe to reach your eyes.
Travelling into the future is more difficult, but Einstein proved ( 8 ) --------------------
is theoretically possible. You can achieve this so ( 9 ) -------------------- as you have a
spaceship that goes really fast - nearly at the speed of light, (10)-------------------- is very
fast indeed. If you go off in your spaceship and fly around for, let’s say, six months, when
you come back (1 1 )___________________ Earth you'll be in the future. How much in the future?
If your spaceship goes at 99.99% of light speed, all your friends you left behind
(1 2 )___________________ be almost 50 years older than you. It’s incredible, but it’s true!
Writing
An informal letter/email Working model
<2> Look at Writing database - informal letters/emails 3 Read the answer to the writing task. The
on page 154 before you do the exercises. writer has not used paragraphs. Decide
where new paragraphs should begin.
1 Read this writing task. Why should your email
be informal?
To: Ashley
Sent: 18th February
Subject: Technology!
. and th e n t h e r e ' s t h is fo o tb a ll
Check it out!
-a tch on S a tu r d a y . I f we win t h a t j 8 Check your work. Tick ( / ) what you
me1r e i n th e fin a l. Who know s? Ohj have done.
eah. I w anted t o a s k y o u so m e th in g ,
•e have t o w r i t e a r e p o r t on
-e ch n o lo g y f o r s c h o o l . C o u ld y o u
• e l l me a few t h in g s a b o u t how yo u
■se t e c h n o lo g y i n y o u r l i f e ?
>ou knowj c o m p u te rsj m o b ile s j TVj
-a t s o r t o f t h in g . 0h_, and t e l l me 1^ave started and ended
: m eth in g a b o u t th e o t h e r members the email in the right way.
: - y o u r f a m ily to o j and how th e y
. s e te c h n o lo g y .
I have asked my friend
- yway} I was t a l k i n g to Sam th e something about her/himself.
e r h e r day and he s a y s t h a t . . .
Jhave talked about different
kinds of technology.
I have mentioned the other
Vhich o f these things does your friend want to members of my family. □
L_i
■.now about?
• our opinion on violent video games
I have used paragraphs.
•vhat kind of com puter you w ant to get I have checked my spelling
now m uch television you watch
and my grammar.
whether you have a com puter at hom e My email is between 120
low good you are at football and 180 words long.
whether your parents have mobile phones
vhat the best m odel of m obile phone is
Lucy Chong tells you Channel 9 does a little better. Now that Train
whot's new (and has finished, they've decided to replace it wit-
Sta ffR oo m , a reality show that follow s teache
not so new!) on your
around all day. It should be the hit of the surrr
screens this summer. giving us an idea of w h at really goes on w h e r
lesson is over. W ho doesn't w ant to see and he=
I alw ays look forward to
w hat teachers say about their students at the
this tim e of year, and I'm
of the schoolday? Great stuff! Together w ith L t
alw ays disappointed!
in Aylesford Street, the soap opera that everyo^
It's the tim e of year w hen th e T V channels tell us
talking about, it looks like Channel 9 could be .
their plans for the sum m er and every year I tell
channel to w atch this sum m er.
m yself that it m ight be different. It never is. Take
SuperTV, for exam ple. This channel, on our screens
O ver on BTV1, Max Read is back w ith Joke-a-C-
for five years now, broadcasts a depressing m ix of
the com edy show. The first series w as slightly
gam e shows and m usic videos. So w hat do w e find
am using, the second hilarious. Let's w ait and
in the new schedule? I'm The One, a gam e show
w h at the third series is like. Com edy is difficu •
with holidays as prizes, and VJ-TV, yet another
get right, but it ought to be great. I w ish I cou :l
m usic video program m e w ith brainless presenters.
say the sam e about the sitcom , Oh! Those Kids: I
13 They're also planning to repeat the dreadful chat
enough to look at the expressions on the face,
show Star Quality, w hich is about as entertaining
of the cast! It's obvious they know it's rubbish
as w atching grass grow. W hy can't they com e up
and the script is just so badly w ritten! O h !T h csi
w ith new ideas?
writers!
*
The writer thinks that Joke-a-Cola is now
ad the text again. For questions 1-6, choose
A m ore difficult to understand.
•ne answer (A, B, C or D) w hich you think fits best
B m ore popular w ith viewers.
<3> Look at Grammar database pages 187-188 1 You really _ . go and see
before you do the exercises. Spielberg’s latest. It’s brilliant!
a could b should c m ight
Read the sentences and phrases from the article
2 Oh, Dad! Do w e _______________________ watch
on pages 86 and 87. Match each one to an
that opera program m e again?
explanation.
a m ust b should c have to
1 ... every year I tell m yself that it might
3 I read som ewhere that Isla Fisher
be different.
_______________________ be on TV tonight.
2 W hy can’t they come up with new ideas?
a m ight b can c has to
3 It should be the hit of the s u m m e r,...
4 Ask your parents if y o u ___________________
4 The program m e m akers must think we’ll
come to the concert w ith me.
watch anything.
a can b ought to c will
5 W hat they should be doing is ...
5 I really. . get some new
6 We have to ask ourselves w hat entertainm ent is.
clothes to go to the theatre,
This expresses ... a m ight b m ust c could
a som ething which is probable,
b an ability/inability,
4 Rewrite the sentences using the verbs in
brackets.
c som ething which is possible,
1 Justin Bieber’s new song will probably win an
d a way of giving advice, award, (should)
e a certain opinion, Ju stin _____________________________________
f an obligation.
Choose the correct option to show the m eaning 2 There’s a possibility that M adonna is recording
of the verb in italics. new album, (might)
1 They should close down the theatre in this town M ad o n n a_________________________________
because nobody ever goes.
a giving advice b giving perm ission
3 People’s ears are often dam aged by listening to
2 I think I might stay in and watch the film on very loud music, (can)
C hannel 4 this evening. L istening__________________________________ ,
a expressing obligation b expressing possibility
0
^ Vocabulary builder
' hat do we call a dram atic perform ance in a theatre? 3 tell c fun
i hat do actors do? 4 have d fun of som ebody
’ hat do we call the test actors do before they get the part? 5 m ake e a joke
ho judges theatre perform ances for a new spaper or
: agazine?
here do we read a judgem ent of a theatre perform ance? I don't get it!
hat do we call a practice of a perform ance?
I know she’s beautiful, but she can’t . ______and I’m hate it when someone tells ajofce and I
: having her in my show.
don't (4 )_________________ it. I always feel
nfusable words stupid! I also don't litce it when someone
I rcle the correct word or phrase in each sentence. mates (5)
____________ of somebody
* as always very popular/famous at school.
else in the
nody seems to like my favourite group, but they’re very group - probably because it's
pular/famous. usually me they're making fun
my free tim e, I like to hear/listen to music, especially rap
r.usic. W __________ 1
I think I can hear/listen to m usic com ing from upstairs.
going to call Sarah to tell/say/speak to her about the
..•;ets.
hat did M ark tell/say/speak you about the film he saw?
■me people tell/say/speak that pop music is a kind o f art.
ve reading/studying rom antic books and books for
. nagers.
ve reading/studying English gram m ar, believe it or not!
0
Listening
You are going to listen to an interview on an online radio station. Before you listen, look at the
sentences in exercise 2. In pairs talk about:
• what type of w ord or phrase (noun, verb, etc) m ight fill each gap.
• w hat actual words or phrases m ight fill each gap.
s
Liz says making a short film is lots of fun and very
There’s a new theatre across the road from me.
It's not a good idea to film yourselves without One syllable in each word contains the sound
h i. Underline the syllable. Listen and check
s
your answers.
Liz says that |] is not necessary.
letter about entertain teacher
There may sometimes be difficulties with outdoor
quality. leisure exercise occur
You can choose w hether to write a (n)
or just a rough outline.
The person holding the camera should also be
Speaking
Decide w hat you like and dislike about the activities. Write som ething in each box. Use your imaginati
I lik e ...
I d islik e ...
For questions 1-10, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of som e of the
lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the sam e line. There is an exam ple at the beginning (0).
Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS.
B O SK IN G t
Street (0 ). P£fZpO/ZM£PS___ , or ‘buskers’, help m ake any city centre a place PERFORM
o f ( l ) ___ _________________In every m ajor European city you can find ENTERTAIN
young, ( 2 )-----------------------------
____________________ people juggling, playing the guitar or even EMPLOY
doing magic tricks for money. All they need is a(n) (3 )______________________ SUIT
place to perform and a good crowd.
Some people m ight ( 4 )_______________________________of busking and find it APPROVE
annoying, but m ost people in the city centre agree that it’s a(n)
5 ) _______________________ break from shopping and having to rush around ENJOY
when there’s a(n) (6 )________________________ show in the street. Some young EXPECT
people, ( 7 ) _____________________ . to afford a luxury trip around the world, ABLE
busk in order to travel. It can be (8). ______________________, but it COMFORT
:s a very cheap way to see the world. A few hours playing, unless you are
9 ) _______________________ , will pay for a bed or a bus ticket. The LUCK
(1 0 )_______________ ________is that you need to have some talent or you ADVANTAGE
might go hungry!
Writing
Let Me Entertain You
Read this writing task. What kind of style would shows and drama series made for children.
be appropriate? It should be a wa-f for them to escape their
2.4 problems, although watching too much television
You have had a class discussion on TV might cause problems with schoolwork, for instant
program m es for children. Now your English
teacher has asked you to write an essay giving
your opinions on this question:
Should childrens TV educate or entertain?
W rite an essay of betw een 120 and 180 words in 4 Do you agree with the writer? Why? / Why not'
an appropriate style.
' - e words in red are important! Decide what Now write!
- 1 ch word in red refers to.
You are now ready to write your essay. Use
: have had a class discussion about television. I have u s e d 'it;'th is ;'th e m ', etc
\ a- your English teacher has asked you to write to co n n e c t m y se n te n ces
m essay, giving your opinions on this question: to g ether.
0 'lildren nowadays watch too much TV? I have used p arag rap hs.
-:te an essay of betw een 120 and 180 words in I have ch e ck e d m y sp ellin g
* ippropriate style. and m y gram m ar.
M y essay is b e tw e e n 120
i- 'o r e you write, com plete the essay plan.
and 180 w o rd s long.
Look Back
:^raph2_
Can you answer these questions? If you can't
remember, look through the unit for the
answers.
^raph 3 _
1 W hat is another w ord for a great success?
2 W hich of these m odals can be used for giving
tjraph4_ advice? could should might
3 W hat do critics write?
If lots of people like you, are you popular or
famous?
5 W hat is a busker?
1 I thought the new Ben Stiller film w as______________ ! It’s the funniest film I’ve ever seen!
A fam ous B entertaining C hilarious D am using
2 I don’t have m uch tim e t o _______________ the internet for things I’m interested in.
A ride B surf C travel D tour
3 My brother wants to be an actor. He’s been to a h u n d re d ______________ so far, but he never gets the p
A auditions B reviews C critics D rehearsals
4 My m um was in a pop group that had a ________________in the 90s and then she got m arried and
had a family.
A top B screen C hit D win
5 All the m em bers of th e ______________ were shocked when the leading actress left the show.
A script B stage C play D cast
7 I’d love to see the new James Bond film. It’s had really g o o d _______________
A critics B auditions C reviews D rehearsals
8 The action scenes were quite good, but the m ain actor really couldn’t ________________ He was rubb 4
A act B play C star D appear
10 I don’t think it’s nice to m ake fu n ________________ kids who are younger than you.
A to B of C at D with
6 If you opened your computer, e the lights wouldn’t be on, w ould they?
f we’d be able to get a hom e cinema.
J
6
ive some inform ation or an After your degree, you need to specialise in an area
n, you can ( 3 ) ______________ that really interests you. It can be a long, hard road,
e about it. To do that, you but at the end of it, you just ( 8 ) ___________________ make
____________ to them . They
a discovery that changes the world.
___________ to w hat you
___________ and talk to you, unless 1 A should B shall C will D would
j :sy that they can’t
2 A can B may C have to D shall
_________ you!
3 A m ight B m ust C can D has to
4 A shall B will C ought to D w ould
read
5 A has to B may C m u st D can
vou (8 )______________ som ething 6 A can B may C m ight D will
a 'itten, you look at it to understand 7 A m ay B m ight C shall D have to
i -ays. W hen you (9 )______________ 8 A will B should C m ight D can
ng, you try hard to understand it
, irn it, often because your teacher
you to.
Score /60
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jdn ji dasjf jjrajS s juqx 0£~I^ iBnJs jtjjBM no^ jauop ipM 09-IS
©
11
The Learning Curve
Q Start thinking! Reading
W hat do you th ink makes a good school? l 2 .0 7 Quickly read the new spaper article.
How w ould you improve your school? Ignore the gaps for now. How has Abbot Hill
School changed since Elaine Atkins became
W ould you like to be a head teacher?
head teacher?
Marks!
‘Not all of them cam e, of course, but it w as
actually very well attended. Th at’s w hen I
realised I had a chance. Th ey hadn’t given up
com pletely.’ S h e told them som e of the things
which sh e wanted to change and put som e key
Elaine Atkins, head teacher of Abbot Hill issu e s to the vote. 3 ‘I said: “If I introduce
School in Manchester, has turned one of the a school uniform, will you support m e ? ” Th e vas
worst schools in the country into one of the majority said they would.’
best. Ollie Dawson finds out how she did it. Elain e believes in things like school uniforms.
Th ree y ea rs ago, Abbot Hill School had a dreadful ‘It’s all about creating an environment where
reputation. T e a ch e rs didn’t want to work there. there’s discipline and a s e n s e of pride. W hen
P arents didn’t want to send their children there. took over, Abbot Hill w a s out of control. Childre
Th e pupils - a s se en by the number of children w ere being bullied, and no-one stopped the
who regularly played truant from school - clearly bullies. 4
didn’t want to go there. It w as a failing school, A uniform is a symbol that there are limits and
and a school failing the community. Then Elaine that w e ’re all part of the sa m e community.’
Atkins w a s appointed head teacher. 1 So Elaine is convinced that discipline is central to
how has she achieved the impossible? students’ learning. ‘How can they learn anything
‘It actually w a s n ’t that difficult,’ s a y s Elain e with if there’s ch ao s in the classro o m ? 5 W e ',
her usual modesty. T h e school w a s in such a m anaged to bring that back to Abbot Hill, and it's
bad state that no-one - not the parents, not clearly working. Students are now leaving the
the students, not the teach ers - valued school with the qualifications they need. That
anything about it. That m ade it much e a sie r for never happened before. Of course, som e stude'
15 an outsider to com e in and say, “ 2 W e ’re still get in trouble. Children alw ays will. But they
going to do it differently.” And I did have a lot of know what the rules are, and they know they’ll be
help too.’ enforced. T h e re ’s much le ss bullying now.’
Some words and phrases in the text are in bold. For Read the article again. Seven sentences
each one, choose what you think it's referring to. have been removed from the article.
Read the sentences from the article on pages 96 and 97. Decide if statem ents a and b are
true (T) or false (F).
1 I wondered w hat the students thought of their head teacher and the things
which she’d done.
a W ithout the words in italics, the sentence makes complete sense,
b We could replace which w ith that.
2 We also have regular school trips, which are educational and a lot of fun.
a W ithout the words in italics, the sentence makes complete sense,
b We could replace which with that.
Read through the article again and underline all the examples o f ‘which’ and ‘who’. Decide whether
they are like sentence 1 or sentence 2 above.
Decide whether the words in bold are defining (D) or non-defining (N) relative clauses.
1 My dad, who went to the same school as me, rem em bers all the teachers. D /N
2 My favourite subj ect, which we have twice a week, is chem istry D /N
3 We had a lesson last week that we all found interesting. D /N
4 M rs Edwards, who teaches us German, is very strict. D /N
5 The only teacher that I don’t like is M r Leech. D /N
6 The room where we have science lessons is on the fifth floor. D /N
0
Education Phrasal verbs with over
Match the words and phrases in the box with the Phrasal verbs with over often have m eanings
correct definitions. connected to m ovement or control. Choose
the correct option.
jspend play truant lesson breakup
efect • term expel subject 1 A car alm o st__________________ our cat just
outside our house. Luckily, she was OK.
a ran over b got over c took over
_____________ a period of tim e (often 45
minutes) w hen students learn in a classroom 2 O u r teacher was very ill, but she finally
______________ it and came back to school.
______________miss school w ithout perm ission
a took over b got over c looked over
r w ithout a good reason
3 W hy don’t y o u _______________ to our house
______________ a period of tim e (often 3 m onths)
for dinner tomorrow?
hen a school is open
a bring over b look over c come over
______________start a school holiday, such as the 4 M rs Riley had to leave the classroom so she
hristmas holiday
asked another teacher t o ______________ .
_____________ tell a student they can’t come to a go over b look over c take over
jhool for a short tim e because they did som ething
5 If y o u ______________ the page, you’ll see the
•vrong
answers.
______________ som ething you study at school, a tu rn over b pass over c put over
• .ich as m aths, French, etc
______________a student who is given extra Magic metaphors
. sponsibility for m aking sure other students obey When we talk about the mind, we som etim es
le rules think of it as a container, like a box. Com plete
______________ tell a student they can’t come to the sentences with the phrases from the box.
•-hool ever again because they did som ething
inyou rm ind at the back of my mind
•vrong
filled with an open mind out of my mind
My cousin was caught______________ and got m ind i s ______________ facts and figures.
to a lot of trouble. 3 I heard a song on the radio this m orning and I
le y usually choose older students to be can’t get i t _______________
4 W hen you m eet people from other countries,
!v brother w as______________ for two days for that she doesn’t really like me.
ghting in the playground.
hey ______________ a student last week for
ealing from other students’ bags.
I can’t wait until w e _______________ next week for
le sum m er holidays!
s difficult to choose a favourite______________ ,
at I quite like com puter science.
*fj) Listening
You are going to listen to five people talking about a school. Before you listen, talk about what the
people might mention.
The head teacher: exam results? achievements? The caretaker: cleaning? damage?
A pupil: lessons?favourite teachers? A parent: exam results? f/iez'r child?
A teacher: students? lessons?
2 .0 8 Listen to five people talking about a school. For questions 1-5 , choose from the list (A-F)
w hat each person says about the school. Use the letters only once.There is one extra letter which you
do not need to use.
A This school doesn’t have such good sports teams. Speaker 1:.
B Someone is planning to leave the school. Speaker 2:.
C Pupils don’t have to do too m uch w ork at hom e. Speaker 3:.
D This school doesn’t cover m odern subjects much. Speaker 4:.
E People contact m e when they have a problem. Speaker 5:.
F This school is better than a lot of others.
Work in pairs. Use the phrases from exercise 1 to help you make suggestions
a dram a group
Word patterns
2 Com plete these phrases with the correct preposition.
.Vhat would you do if your teacher said you could either stay to have your (0). lesson .oryou could go
nome? Well, just imagine a school where attendance wasn't (1)_______________ .at all! In Suffolk, in the United
Kingdom, that school (2)___________________Summerhill School was founded in 1921 by a man called A.S. Neill.
Neill was (3)__________________of the kinds of problems many children have at school and he believed that the
only solution was to give (4)_____________
_____________complete freedom.
Children at Summerhill are under no (5)_________________at all to attend lessons. Most of them do,
5)___________________Often, they come from schools at (7)____________________they were unhappy and
8)__________________ to do any work at all. After a while, though, they settle down and usually decide that
attending lessons is more interesting.
'h e other unusual thing about Summerhill is the weekly meeting. All teachers and students decide the school
rules democratically, with one (9)__________________ each. If a student wants to (10)__________________ about a
teacher or a teacher wants to tell everyone about a student's bad behaviour, they can do so in the meeting.
Life at Summerhill is full of all kinds of challenges, but most of the people there
agree that it's a very special place.
What do you think of Summ erhill School? Would you like to go to a school like that?
*
y Writing
The Learning Curve
An informal letter/email
<S> Look at Writing database - informal letters/emails on page 154 before you do the exercises.
Tick ( / ) the correct statem ents about the writing task in exercise 1.
2 You can use contractions such as don’t. 7 You should include all the
inform ation given.
3 You can use chat phrases such as lol.
8 C orrect punctuation is im portant.
4 You don’t need to w rite in sentences.
5 You should write addresses at the top.
J )e a r Andrea^
B e S t lO 'S h eS ,
P an/
dy to write! Now write!
Complete the passage using the words and You are now ready to write your letter to your
rh ra se sin th e b o x . pen friend. Use informal language. Include all
the information you have to. Write between
econdary sixth form • senior high primary
120 and 150 words.
lementary • junior high nursery
Check it out!
ucation systems in Britain and
C h eckyour work. T ic k (/ ) what you
erica
have done.
in and Am erica have different education
. ms. In both countries, m ost children go to
__________ school (or kindergarten) between
ges of three and five. Then, in Britain, they start
_____________ school, where they stay until they
I have sta rte d and fin ish ed
1. This is followed by (3 )_____________ school
th e letter in th e co rre ct w ay.
age 16. If they stay at school, they go into the
__________ until they are 18. Sometimes, this I have used info rm al lang u ag e.
:is going to a special college. I have told m y pen frien d a b o u t the
:nerica, children go to (5 )__ . school e d u ca tio n al system in m y co un try.
tive to 11. Then, they go to m iddle school
called (6 )_____________ school) until age 14.
15-18, A m erican children attend high school
I h ave in clu d e d all th e info rm atio n
I nad to. □
I have used p arag rap hs.
etimes called (7 )_____________ school).
I have ch e ck e d m y sp ellin g ,
ou are going to answer the writing task in g ra m m a r and p u n ctu a tio n .
exercise I.Y o u are going to write about your
country. Make a plan of your answer. M y letter is b e tw e e n 120 and
150 w o rd s long. I— j
iow are you going to start your letter?
A'hat news are you going to ask your pen friend
bout first?
'■'hat are you going to tell her about nursery
jhools?
A'hat are you going to tell her about prim ary
•chools?
Look Back
\'hat are you going to tell her about secondary
■chools? Can you answer these questions? If you can't
• hat are you going to say about exams? remember, look through the unit for the answers.
iow do you w ant to close your letter? 1 W hat do the children at Abbot Hill School wear
iow are you going to write your nam e at the end? now?
2 W hich of these is correct?
complete Writing Planner 77 on page 160.
school journey school trip school excursion
3 W hen a relative clause just gives us extra
inform ation, do we use com m as or not?
4 W hat do you not do if you ‘play tru an t’?
5 W hat is unusual about Sum m erhill School in
the UK?
12
Fighting Fit
Q Start thinking! Reading
How im portant is keeping fit? 1 2.10 Read this information about a local
W hat do people do to keep fit? fitness centre. How popular are places like this
your country?
W hat do you personally do to keep fit?
Waves Pool
Our pool is much more than just a place to swim. It's big enough to keep the whole
family entertained! Our wave machine, our water slide and our Ducklings area for
pre-school children mean that there's something for everyone. And because swimrr
is low impact and easy on your body, it's a great form of exercise for the over-60s and
people with disabilities. It's never too late to start! We offer Water Walking sessions fr
10-llam on weekdays for those who are not used to exercise - walking against the
water really helps to build those muscles! - and Power Pool sessions at the weekend
from 9-1 Oam for those with more experience. Please note that the Waves Pool has a
strict admissions policy and children under eight must be accompanied by an adult
unless they are able to pass a short swimming test (call for details).
Waves Gym
Come and work out in style at the Waves Gym. It's such a cool gym that you'll want
to come every day! And with opening hours from 7am-7pm you can! Simply sign up
wait a day for your gym membership to be approved, and then away you go! We offe-
everything from body building to simply getting fit, with an Active Start programme <
complete beginners (please book a place in advance) and a personal trainer for those
of you who really want to achieve their goals. On Tuesday and Thursday mornings,
you can join one of our aerobics classes, a great way to meet people and get fit, while
every Friday at 12 there's a chance to join our Expert Group, for those who really w ant;
challenge. Please note that no children under 12 are allowed in the gym.
Dance classes
Dance classes are such a great way to exercise that you won't want to stop! We have a
full schedule of classes, from modern dance (Mon-Fri, 2-3pm) to traditional ballroom
dancing (Weds-Sat, 1-2pm). Whether you want to improve your social life or your
appearance, dance is a motivating way to a new you, and it's not just for the young an :
healthy. Our Senior Dance on Tuesday evenings is great for those over 55. It's so easy 1
anyone can do it! For those who are more adventurous, we also run high-energy Wor
Dance classes with fast music from around the world to keep you on your toes. Please
note that all dance classes need to be booked in advance and charge an individual
course fee. Children under 12 are welcome at all our sessions except World Dance.
2 Look through the information again 3 Read the information again. For questions 1-6 , choose
to find the answ ers to these questions. from the activities (A -E).The activities may be chosen
Fighting Fit
Don't read the passage in detail. more than once.
Vhen can you do ballroom dancing? W h ich activity/activities w ould you recom m end for
someone who:
'■hen can you do W ater Walking? wants to take part in a com petition? 1 ____
doesn’t w ant to spend more
•Vhen can you play squash? than their m em bership fee? 2 ____ 3 _____ 4 ____
wants to m eet new people? 5 _____ 6 ____
4 W hen can you learn about Pilates? wants a healthier body and a healthier mind? 7 ____
wants to take part in an activity immediately? 8 ____
'.Vhen does the Expert G roup meet? is 10 and wants to do an activity
w ithout an adult? 9 _____ 10____
WORD BOX
4 Use words or phrases from the article to
com plete the sentences. You've been given
the first letter to help you.
1 I really w ant to get i____________
s—---------------- >so I’ve started going to a
gym twice a week.
2 You have to be very careful w hen you
Sports w-------------------o------------------- because it’s
er it's indoor tennis, badminton or squash, you can have easy to injure yourself.
: dy workout on the court. Racket sport sessions are 3 M any famous people have their own
■e during the centre's opening hours (7am-7pm, seven personal t-------------------who advises them
■eek) and are included in the membership fee (extra on their fitness.
for equipment hire). Racket sports are so popular that
4 My m um ’s started going to a____________
jrts are often fully booked. Please make sure that you
Durts at least one day in advance, or two days in the case c-------------------to get fit and she likes
members. For those of you who are competitive, we run
m eeting all the other wom en there.
Contests in all racket sports, which are free to members - 5 I’m not used to a lot of exercise, so my
• at Reception for an entry form and details of charges for m_ . start to h urt when I play too
embers. Children under 12 must be accompanied at all m uch sport.
n the courts.
If you do b__
you have to w ork very hard to get ready for
Classes
shows and com petitions.
5 is a system of exercise that is designed to improve your
: and mental health. It is popular around the world, and
ieased to be able to offer five sessions a week with a
tonal instructor. Choose any two weeknights to suit you
Tie along to the session from 6 till 7pm. You'll strengthen
•ntral muscles and also train your mind to concentrate, ^ Have your say!
II help at work or in your studies. Our introductory
which everyone who is interested must attend before • Do young people you know get enough
a class, is on the first Saturday of each month and it exercise?
p you decide if Pilates is for you. Just bring along some • W hat could we do to encourage them to
table clothes and a desire to learn! Please note that exercise more?
sessions are adults-only and are not included in the
rship fee.
Read the extracts from the article on pages 104 and 105 and decide if the statem ents are
true (T) or false (F).
Racket sports are so popular that the courts 1 So can be followed by an adjective
and a that clause.
are often fully booked.
It’s big enough to keep the whole family 2 Enough is followed by an adjective
entertained! or adverb.
Dance classes are such a great way to 3 Such is used in exactly the same way as so.
exercise that you won’t w ant to stop!
4 Too is followed by an adjective or
It’s never too late to start! an adverb.
Com plete each sentence with a word from the box. You will use som e words more than once.
1 I’m . . unfit that I have to join a gym. 4 It’s. . late to go to the gym today.
2 I m ight be fit_______ .to run a m arathon soon! 5 Are you old. ________ to join the dance
3 The gym w a s_______ _a success that they’ve classes?
opened another one. 6 The gym is _ ______ expensive I can’t affc
Com plete each sentence so that it means the sam e as the first sentence. Use the words given without
changing them . Use no more than five words.
1 Fried food is very unhealthy, which m eans it can lead to a heart attack, so
Fried fo o d ___________________________________it can lead to a heart attack.
such
2 Some people take so m any pills that it m ust be bad for them ,
Some people ta k e ___________________________________that it m ust be bad for them .
3 My grandm a is too ill to leave the house, enough
My g ran d m a ____________________________ . to leave the house.
5 Lots of people don’t do enough exercise, so
T here_______________________________ . people who don’t do enough exercise.
6 I’m so clumsy that I couldn’t be a surgeon, too
I’m ___________________________________ a surgeon.
4 Complete the sentences to make statements about yourself. Use your imagination if you like!
1 I’m s o . . that _
eg I ’m so f it that I can run a marathon in three hours!
2 I’m such a(n )____________ th a t__________________
eg I ’m such a lazy person that I never tidy my room!
3 I’m n o t____________ enough t o ________________
eg I ’m not old enough to drive a car.
4 I’m to o ____________ t o _______________________
eg I ’m too short to be a basketball player.
Q Vocabulary builder
Medicine and health
. Match the words in the box with the correct definitions.
Collocations: make/do
- Com plete the p hrases using either make or do.
Magic metaphors
4 When w e talk abo ut problems, w e som etim es use words or p hrases that have a connection with
illness. Com plete the senten ces w ith the w ords from the box.
Samantha’s been having a few problem s at school 3 The com pany is in a (n ) ____________________
.ately, but she sh o u ld ____________________ them financial situation and it doesn’t look like things
before her exams. are going to get any better.
Frying to organise a w edding is a real 4 It took m e a long tim e t o ____________________
___________________ ! There are just so m any from failing my exams, but in the end I decided to
problems to deal with. take them again.
Ctj Listening
iGr 2.11 Listen to an interview with a woman 1 Com plete the answer with words and phrases
who is on a diet. Decide w hether each statement from the box.
istru e (T) orfalse (F).
Of course so To begin with
Judy thinks that she is too fat. ____ but • Secondly For example
Judy can eat fast food during ____ Do you think we are healthier than people
the diet. 50 years ago?
3 Judy has to th ink about different ____
types of food. Yes, we a re .. , we have a better
4 Judy gets points when she ____ diet_______ , people today eat m ore
doesn’t eat something.
fruit and vegetables.. ________ , we also
2 Listen again. For questions 1-5, choose the best eat m ore fast food, _ ________generally
answer (A, Bo r C).
our diet is better.___ ______ , doctors can
1 Judy started the diet after
cure m ore illnesses,. _________we live
A she realised she had to lose weight.
B she decided she needed m ore energy longer. Yes, we’re definitely healthier today.
C som eone at a gym recom m ended it.
2 W ith the diet, you need to
A know some facts about w hat you eat.
B understand that chips are bad for you.
C learn that ju n k food makes you fat.
3 Judy says we should eat In pairs, talk about the following questions.
A m ore fruit and vegetables. Use the phrases from exercise 1 to help you.
B all types o f food. • Do you th in k we are healthier today than peopk
C m ore fatty foods. were 50 years ago?
4 Cream is in • W hat are the m ain health problem s young
A the ‘Enjoym ent’ group. people face?
B the same group as pasta. • Do you th ink all m edical care should be free?
C the same group as eggs. • W hat is a healthy diet?
5 How m any points does Judy try to get each day?
A five
c
I can see that there are arguments on
B nine both sides. A s fa r as I ’m concerned, .
C te n
-------------------------------k ----------------------------------------
J
la:/, h'J and /u:/
Teenagers face many health
problems, including ...
2 .1 2 Look at the vowel sounds that are
underlined in the words. In each group of
four, one word has a different vowel sound.
Absolutely. Yes.
Circle the odd one out. Listen and check.
People today ...
XT
<!> Look at Speaking database - Giving/Asking
for opinion on page 165.
Use of English
Fighting Fit
Infinitives of purpose Word patterns
<S> Look at Grammar database page 192 before Com plete the sentences using the words in
you do the exercises. the box. You may need to change the form of
the words.
Rewrite the sentences using the phrase in bold.
The first one has been done as an example. object approve • prevent capable
I thought I should ask the doctor about going on congratulate • afraid • succeed * manage
a diet so I went to the surgery, in order
I went to the surgery in o rd er to asK about 1 Some people don’t . . of smoking
going on a diet. _________________________________ because it’s bad for your health.
- I had to lose some weight, so I went on a strict 2 W hen you’re seriously ill, you’re not really
diet, in order__________________________ of working.
3 If th e y _____________ to find a cure for cancer,
it’ll be a great discovery.
She doesn’t w ant to get ill, so my m um takes
vitam in tablets, in order 4 Some people believe that eating garlic can help
you from getting ill.
5 We rang my brother t o _____________ him on
Because they want to keep fit, m any people take passing his m edical degree.
up sports, so as________________________ _ 6 In order t o _____________ in becom ing a doctor,
you need to work very hard.
I want to stay healthy, so I try to eat lots of
7 If I was a doctor, I’d constantly b e _____________
fruit, in order__________________________
of catching som ething from my patients!
8 D r Frankenstein was surprised to discover that
- I didn’t w ant to catch a cold, so I wore a w arm
some p eo p le_____________ to his m edical
coat and a scarf, in order
experim ents.
. Choose three of the words and write sentences. In groups, com pare your sentences.
‘ For questions 1-10, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap.
Use only one word in each gap. There is an exam ple at the beginning (0). Write your answers
IN CAPITAL LETTERS.
ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
# ~at do you do when yo u ’re ill? You probably call your doctor, ( 0 ) ----- WHO exam in es you, m akes
agno sis and then g ives you ( 1 ) ----------------- prescription. T h e s e d a ys, more and more people
e asking th em se lve s ( 2 ) _________________this is the best w ay of dealing with illn ess. T h e y object (3)
__________ taking too m any pills and look around in ( 4 ) ------------------ to find other cu res.
3St cultures practise som e form ( 5 ) ----------------- traditional m edicine. T h is is often based
______________ plants, or other natural ingredients. T h e y are u sually prepared in som e w ay
________________ a s to m ake them more effective, for exam p le by drying them and making them
________________ a powder.
- -e C h in e se , in particular, have a large num ber of traditional m edical techniques. O ne of them
acupuncture, ( 9 ) _____________— involves sticking needles into the patient! It might sound a little
ange, but m any people have used acupuncture for everything ( 1 0 ) ----------------- giving up smoking
®
Writing
Fighting Fit
A report
<5> Look at Writing database - reports on page 151 before you do the exercises.
It's im portant to think about the purpose of your writing. Match the types of writing to
the purposes for writing.
Conclusion
Fighting Fit
he language used is generally informal. your manager. Use formal language. Keep
2 r ach paragraph has its own heading. your purpose in mind.
2 The Town H all,_____________ was built in 1875, has been dam aged in a fire.
A who B that C which
3 This is the restau ran t_______________ Peter took me on our first date.
A which B that C where
4 Everybody passed the test with top m arks,_________ _ was a little surpri'
A which B that C who
Now I’m off to the gym to try again. Take care and write soon.
Love,
Sandy
6 Complete the sentences using the correct form 7 Circle the correct word in each sentence.
of the phrases in exercise 5. 1 I can’t wait until I’m old so/such/enough to ride a
You should put your car in the garage overnight to m otorbike.
____________________ i t _____________________ 2 My dad’s so/such/too forgetful that som etim es he
getting stolen. can’t find the car!
|Z A num ber o f custom ers_____________________ 3 There were so/such/too m any people at the party
the service to the manager. that there was now here to dance.
I With all this noise, I can’t ______________________ 4 Tommy is so/such/enough a good ru n n er that he
my homework! m ight be in the next Olympics®!
■ I rem em ber being v e ry ____________________ the 5 My grandparents have always w anted to live in
oark when I was little. Spain, but they’re so/such/too old to do it now.
©
13
Art Attack
Start thinking! Reading
Have you ever been to an art gallery?
l $ 2 .1 3 Quickly read the short story.
W hich of these works of art do you Ignore the gaps for now.
prefer? Why? Describe briefly w hat happens.
Can you nam e any fam ous artists?
Do you like to paint or draw?
The competition
‘Sadie, you’re creative,’ said Sadie’s m um , handing I can paint.’ As Sadie finally drifted off to slee-.
her the newspaper. ‘Here’s som ething that’ll keep you w hispered the words to herself over and over
busy for five m inutes.’ ‘A portrait. I’m going to paint a p o r tr a it...’
‘W hy are you giving m e the crossword, M um ?’ said Sadie got to work. She had it all planned out. Bas.
Sadie. a photograph. Do a sketch first. A nd then when sh
‘You know I don’t like crossw ords’ happy w ith that, do the full painting. She spent
‘N ot that,’ said her m um . ‘This!’ each day up in her room . W henever her mum
her how it was going, all shed say was ‘Fine.’ W h .
Sadie’s m um pointed to a small advertisem ent on m um asked her if she needed any help, all she’d s
the same page as the crossword. Sadie read it aloud. ‘No, thanks.’ W hen, two weeks later, the p a in tir.
‘A re you an artist? Painting com petition. Free entry. finished, and Sadie’s m um said ‘Can I see it now?
O pen to all am ateur artists. The top fifty paintings
replied ‘Not now. I’ll send it off. § If I don''
received by August 15th will be displayed at an
it’s not w orth seeing, anyway.’
exhibition in an art gallery in London.’ Sadie sat there
thinking. ‘Yeah, maybe,’ she said at last, but her m ind August 15th, August 16th and August 17th can
was racing. ‘A ugust 15th,’ she thought to herself. ‘That went, and there was no news from the comp
gives me three weeks. 1 All my friends are on judges. ‘Don’t worry, love,’ said Sadie’s mum. |
holiday But what am I going to paint?’ ‘You’ll hear one way or the other in time. I’ve c
fingers crossed for you.’
Sadie was too excited to sleep that night. ‘I know I can
do a good picture if I really try,’ she thought. ‘A n art ‘Sadie!’ shouted her m um , up the stairs. ‘Thej
gallery in London! W ouldn’t that be great?’ For hours, phone call for you!’ It was Septem ber 5th, and
she ran through the options. ‘I’m not doing an abstract, had convinced herself that her painting hadn't
that’s for sure. | It’s got to be som ething with chosen. ‘W ho is it?’ she asked as she came dov •
detail. A still life picture, like a bowl of fruit? Maybe, stairs. Her m um just handed her the phone.
but it’s a bit boring. A landscape? I could do the view ‘Hello?’ said Sadie.
of the hill from my bedroom w indow No - it’s got
to be som ething that will stand out. Som ething that ‘Hello, is that Sadie Taggart?’ said the voice
expresses real em otion. Som ething that shows that other end.
Decide what each paragraph is about. 3 Read the story again. Six sentences have been
removed from the story. Choose from the
Paragraph 1 a w orking alone
Art Attack
sentences A -G the one which fits each gap (1 -6).
Paragraph 2 b reading the There is one extra sentence which you do not
advertisem ent need to use.
Paragraph 3 c being at the event A They m ight look good, but they don’t show off
your talent.
Paragraph 4 d not understanding
B It’ll take them a bit of tim e to choose the winners.
Paragraph 5 e trying to m ake C Sadie’s heart started beating faster than it had ever
Sadie feel better beaten before.
Paragraph 6 f getting good news D That’s enough tim e, and I’ve got nothing else
Paragraph 7 g having different options to do.
E I always knew you were a genius, Sadie.
F They were both nervous and needed to collect
their thoughts for a m om ent before entering.
G If I win, you can come and see it at the exhibition.
WORD BOX
Match the words or phrases in the box with the
correct definitions.
_ natural ability to do
som ething well
»eeks later, Sadie and her m um were standing -------------------------------- having new ideas and a
good im agination
pavement outside the Shoreham Gallery.
W hile they were standing there in silence,
at each other, the front door opened. A
. ^me out. ‘I recognise you,’ he said to Sadie’s
'iniling.
.it we’ve never m et before!’ said Sadies m um
..rprise.
Have your say!
-t I’ve seen you before. In Sadie’s picture. Yes, • D id you enjoy reading this story?
, a very good likeness. Very good indeed. Do • W ould you ever consider entering a com petition
n. Everyone’s talking about Sadie’s w onderful like the one Sadie entered?
Grammar clinic
The causative 3 Correct the sentences that have m istakes in
them . One sentence has no mistakes.
<I> Look at Grammar database page 193 before you
Which one?
do the exercises.
1 W hy don’t you have cut your hair before you ha1,
1 Read this sentence and choose the correct taken your photo?
option.
2 You should get your new house designed by a
My mum’s going to have her portrait painted. professional.
1 W ho is going to paint the portrait? 3 N ot m any people their portrait have had paintec
a the speaker’s m other b an artist by a famous artist.
2 W hat is the object of the sentence? 4 My dad has had published a book about the
a my m um b her portrait history o f art.
3 W hat verb is used here to form the causative? 5 M any com panies have created for them new
___________________ + object + past participle works of art.
What other verb could be used?
4 Com plete each sentence so that it m eans the
2 Read the sentences. Choose one other sentence same as the first sentence. Use the words giver
which m eans the same. without changing them . Use no more than five
words.
1 We are paying an artist to paint a new picture 1 They hope the Q ueen will open the
for the living room . new gallery, opened
a We are having an artist painted for the They hope t o _______________________________
living room,
by the Queen.
b We are having a new picture painted for
the living room. 2 Thieves have stolen 10 paintings from
the m useum in the last four m onths, had
2 D ad has asked som eone to do a sculpture for
our garden. The m u seu m _____________________________
a D ad is having a sculpture done for in the last four m onths.
our garden, 3 A famous graffiti artist is going to come
b D ad has done a sculpture for our garden. and paint a school wall for us. painted
3 O ur art teacher arranged for our pictures to We are going t o ____________________________
be hung in the local art gallery. by a fam ous graffiti artist.
a The local gallery got our pictures hung by
our art teacher, 4 We have asked som eone to write some
b O ur art teacher got our pictures hung in m usic especially for our wedding, written
the local gallery. We a re ___________________________________
especially for our wedding.
4 A local architect has been asked to design a
new restaurant for McBurger’s. 5 Jen got a friend to design her poster, got
a McBurger’s are having their new restaurant
Je n ________________________________ a frienc.
designed by a local architect,
6 Someone was redecorating their hall
b A local architect is having a new restaurant
when I went round, having
designed by McBurger’s.
T hey________________________________ when 2
went round.
^ Vocabulary builder 13
Art Attack
Art a n d a rtists
Vhen painting w ith oils, it’s very im portant that you 1 In this chapter, the writer gives a very
'em em ber to clean y o u r____________________
____________ description of his early
ve got a small w o o d e n ___________________ that I can childhood.
:ke with me w hen I w ant to do some painting outside.
2 He was th e _____________of his
grandfather at the same age.
* o rd fo rm a tio n : su ffix es
In this book, Dickens paints a detailed
Use the suffixes (endings) to create as many adjectives
____________ of the poor people of
derived from these words as you can. Write the negative
London.
3 djectives where appropriate. Be careful with spelling.
4 I’d like t o . . for you the
: :t addition anxiety • believe • comfort create
com pany’s plans for next year.
••stfe effect end expense fame finance
■arm « help industry nerve profession reason
-ecognise success use value
2 You will now hear the conversations again. For questions In pairs, ask and answer the question
Try to say as much as you can. Use the
1-5 , choose the best answer (A, B or C).
phrases from exercise 1 to help you.
1 W hat does the w om an say about Picasso?
A He was im portant in the developm ent of art. Do you have any hobbies?
B He used light colours in all his paintings. How m uch tim e do you spend on them
C He started painting around 1905. each week?
Do you feel you have enough free time*
2 W hat does the m an say about their manager?
Why? / W hy not?
A He doesn’t understand m odern art.
B He doesn’t like works of art in the office. W hat else do you do in your free tin.;
C He has traditional tastes in art. W hat kind of m usic do you like?
Do you play any musical instrum ent -
3 W hat do the wom en have different opinions about?
A w hat to get for the living room W ould you like to?
B the artist’s other paintings Are there any hobbies or free time
C who the painting is by activities you’d like to take up?
Synonyms
Match the words and expressions which mean the same.
demolish a think som eone is som eone else
2 take a look at b tu rn d o w n
3 take som eone for som eone else c examine
4 not accept ^ work for
5 succeed in doing e Pu^ down
6 be employed by f tolerate
put up with § m anage to do
4 For questions 1-6, com plete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and
five words, including the word given. Write the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS.
Reviews needed!
Have you read a book about art or A r t f o r T £ e i/u * 0 e rs
artists recently? If so, could you write
us a review of the book? Include 'Art for Teenagers', w ritten by .Sharon
information on w hat kind of book it is,
BollliA-ger and pu.bti.shed by Teenlearn'&ooks
w hat it's about, and say w hether you
would recom m end the book to other is a wonderful handbook, with over two
hundred different activities for teenagers
people.
The best reviews will be published interested in art. From, doing a sim ple sketcr
next month. to m a k in g a m a sk out o f i/vewspapev; A
‘ rt for
Teenagers’ shows you. how to do it.
W rite a review o f betw een 120 and 180 words in The boote Is divided into four sections:
an appropriate style. 'Drawing things', "Painting thli/vgs',
'M aking th in gs' and 'Know Ljour m aterials’
2 Circle the correct word to com plete these This fin a l section shows th in g s lltee the
phrases we can use to make recom m endations.
difference between ollpaliA,ts and water-base.^
1 I’d strongly/greatly recom m end reading/seeing/ “paints, and the different teliA-ds of ■pencils
e t c ...
available.
2 I w ould advice/advise anyone who likes ... to
re a d /see /etc ... For each a c tiv ity , S h aron B ollin ger takes
3 Don’t lose/miss the chance/opportunity to read/ us step-by-step throu.gh the process. "There are
se e /e tc ... full-colour-photos of actual teenagers doing
4 If you get the chance to read/see/etc . . . , the activities, and the results are ImpressIve.
do/make it! I've already tried several of them , and they're
5 This would create/make the perfect present for as easy to do as she sa y s. ! can 't w ait to do
anyone w ho lik e s ... more of them!
Ready to write!
5 You are going to write a review in answer to the I have given my review a title.
same writing task. Use your im agination to complete
the chart. I have said w ho the book was
written and published by.
Title of book
I have written four main paragraphs.
©
According to the passage, the heptathlon for wom en
3 Read the article again. For questions 1 -6 ,
A is m uch easier than the decathlon.
choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think
B is sim ilar to the ancient pentathlon.
WORD BOX
Use words from the article to com plete the
definitions. You've been given the first letter
to help you.
1 The sport involving different events like
ru nning around a track, throw ing or jum ping
i is know n as a______
5 The way it works is you complete each event 2 Som eone taking p art in a sports com petition
j you get points, depending on how well you do is called a c . ______________
■:nat event. At the end of two days, the person with
3 The people you are com peting against are
r e most points is the champion and takes the gold
your o_________________
-dal, the second person gets the silver and the
- 'd the bronze medal. We start with the 100 metres, 4 S----------------------------- is the ability to keep
r e long jump, the shot put, the high jump and the going for a long time.
• j metres. The second day, it’s the 110-metre
•. 'dies, the discus, the javelin, the pole vault and 5 A c-------------------- --------- is m ade up o f a
■- one that we all dread, the 1500 m etres.’ I asked group of people who are all interested in a
i what made the 1500 metres such a struggle. ‘All sport or hobby.
r*e other events demand speed or strength. With the
e r g race, it’s stamina. Really, decathletes aren’t built
• ' that event.’
Si So what tips does Bruce have for those of you
■<ing of taking up the decathlon? ‘Start as early
you can and join a good club,’ he said. ‘It takes a
time to master ten different events, or seven for
^ Have your say!
heptathlon, and you need expert help. And don’t
ct to have much free time!’ • Do you th in k you’ll follow the decathlon during
the next Olympics®?
Ten events, one champion. Think you might be the
;? If you’re interested in finding out more about the • W ould you ever consider taking p art in a
athlon, contact your local athletics club. decathlon? Why? / W hy not?
0
Modals (2): modal perfect Correct the sentences that have mistakes in
them . One sentence has no mistakes.
<3> Look at Grammar database page 194 before you
Which one?
do the exercises.
1 Britney m ight has heard about the com petition
Read this sentence and circle the correct word. from Sarah last week.
‘You m ust have been very pleased to win the 2 Look out! You should have killed som eone
decathlon.’ playing like that!
1 This refers to the past/present. 3 Oh, he’s missed! He really m ust have scored fron
2 This sentence expresses certainty/possibility. that position!
Find other examples of the modal perfect in the 4 Thinking about it now, we should play better in
article. Answer the questions above for each last week’s match.
example you find. 5 But Lauren is hopeless! She can’t have beaten
Oscar at tennis!
What do the sentences express? Choose the
correct option.
1 You should have asked Tim what tim e the race
starts w hen he called.
a I th ink you probably did this,
b You didn’t do this and I think that was wrong.
2 Look at W endy’s face! They m ust have lost
the match.
a I am (almost) certain this happened,
b This didn’t happen, but it was a possibility.
3 Be careful! You could have hit me with that
javelin!
a I am (almost) certain you hit m e w ith the
javelin.
b You didn’t hit m e with the javelin, but it was
a possibility.
4 Patrick m ight have forgotten about our 4 What would you say in these situations?
arrangem ent to play basketball. Com plete the sentences using a modal perfect
a I am (almost) certain he has forgotten about it. and the verbs in brackets.
b It is possible that he has forgotten about it.
1 Will has left his football behind. The only
5 You ought to have let your dad win w hen you were explanation is that he forgot it. (forget)
playing tennis.
‘W ill____________________ his football.’
a I am (almost) certain you did this,
b You didn’t do this and I th ink that was wrong. 2 George is very bad at football. You don’t
6 They should have shown the m atch in the believe he scored a goal, (score)
evening, not the morning!
‘G eorge____________________ a goal!’
a It is possible that they did this,
b They didn’t do this and I th in k that was wrong. 3 Your m um says she tried to call your sister an
h our ago. You are alm ost certain that your sister
was playing volleyball then, (play)
‘S he____________________w hen you called.’
9
Sport
1. Complete the sentences with words from the box.
T he___________________ blew his whistle and the footballers started the game.
I Simpson’s __________________ m eans that he is now the European heavyweight boxing champion.
Ihe ball went into the crowd and a (n ) __________________ was injured.
5 The w inner felt very proud w hen th e __________________ was placed around her neck.
You learn to work w ith others by taking p art i n ___________________ sports, such as football and basketball.
i T he__________________________ shouted. ‘Play!’ and the tennis m atch started.
I I prefer__________________ sports, such as running, w here you don’t have to rely on other people.
1 Porttown City will find it difficult to recover from th e ir __________________ on Saturday.
Collocations
Decide whether the sports in exercise 2 are
played on a court or on a pitch.
2 .1 7 Listen to a short extract from I 2 .1 8 Listen to the interview. For questions 1-7,
an interview with a snooker player. com plete the sentences.
Write a num ber or short phrase to
answer each question. Angela's father was both excited and Q
1 W hat is the program m e called? when she won.
2 How old is Angela Oliver? A snooker game requires a table, a snooker cue, a white
3 How old was Angela when she started ball, six coloured balls and @
playing snooker? You get five points if you successfully pot the
W hen did Angela win the Lancashire § ball.
A m ateur Snooker Cham pionship?
I
Once the red balls have been potted, the aim is to pot the
W hat does she want to be when she’s remaining balls 2
older? If a player accidently pots the black, @
are given to the opponent.
A'snooker'is when you are unable to
§ the ball you want to hit next,
because of an obstruction.
The side of the table you can hit a ball against is called
For questions 1-12, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap.
Use only one word in each gap. There is an exam ple at the beginning (0). Write your answers
IN CAPITAL LETTERS.
T i_ i c j — of — w a r*
E v e ry year, on (0) ____W & ____ last Satu rd ay of July, our
village h as its Annual Tug-of-war Day. E veryo n e ( 1 ) _____________ ;
forward to it b ecau se it’s great fun - ( 2 ) _____________ if it’s
pouring with rain!
Th is year, my dad’s going to be in one of the m en’s team s ( 1 0 ) _____________the first time. I’m really
pleased, b ecau se it’s about time he ( 1 1 ) _____________up a sport. His team ’s going to practise hard
throughout the winter, so it should keep him fit! My mum s a y s sh e ( 1 2 ) _____________rather he did
something le ss physical, like fishing, b ecau se sh e d o esn ’t want him to hurt himself!
. ©
A n a rtic le 2 Decide if the statem ents are true (T) or false (F
<®> Look at Writing database - articles on page 153 1 This article should be form al because
before you do the exercises. it is going to be in a magazine.
2 This article should be form al
1 Read this writing task. Who is going to read this
because teachers m ight read it.
article?
This article should be quite inform al
Your school magazine has asked you to write an
because students will read it.
article to encourage people to join the school
athletics club. The editor has sent you this note: 4 You should not use contractions
(it’s, don’t, etc) in this kind of article.
The school athletics club is looking for more- 5 Your m ain aim is to criticise
people to get involved. Po you think you could students for being too lazy.
write an article for the magazine? Mr P-ichards
(he's the teacher in charge) told me they meet
You can add relevant inform ation
that is not m entioned in the question.
twice a week (Monday and Thursday, 5pm-1pm)
and they do all kinds of athletics. I don't know y You should never use direct
anything about it so I thought I'd ask you. speech in an article.
Thanks. 8 You should never use exclamation
Anna. m arks (!) in an article.
Working model
Read the answer to the writing task.
THE SCHOOL
ATHLETICS CLUB
WHICH IS RUN BY MR RICHARDS
We all kn o w th a t w e sh o u ld get m ore exercise. We all kn o w th a t sp o rt is a g reat w a y to en jo y
y o u rse lf and m eet n e w frie n d s. We all kn o w th a t w in n in g is a g reat fee lin g . So w h y aren 't w e
all in th e a th le tics clu b ?
W hy not try it? If you're in te re sted , ask Mr R ich ard s for m ore details.
*
Underline w here the writer does these things Now write!
in the article on page 128.
S You are now ready to write your article for the
asks their readers a question school magazine. Use the information you have
tells their readers w hat som eone says been given. Use at least one exam ple of direct
agrees with som eone speech. Your article shouldn't be very formal.
Write betw een 120 and 180 words.
makes a suggestion
tells their readers w hat to do next
Check it out!
5 Does the model have a good title? Can you Check your work. Tick (/ ) what you
think of a better one? have done.
3eady to write!
You are going to write a sim ilar article about an
athletics club for the school m agazine. Here is
the note the editor has sent you. Who does he
suggest you could speak to? I 1have given m y a rticle an
■ a p p ro p ria te title. □ I
0
Revision
Units 13-14
Choose the correct option.
2 We should get a ____________ for the painting that your Aunt Michelle bought you for
your birthday
A brush B fram e C portrait D sketch
3 T h e____________ blew his whistle, the players kicked the ball, and the Cup Final began.
A um pire B trainer C spectator D referee
5 The lo ca l____________ all cheered w hen the hom e side scored a goal.
A viewers B audience C spectators D witnesses
8 It takes a lot of skill to be a ____________ and m ake works of art out of stone.
A statue B com poser C painter D sculptor
9 If we can win this m atch against the cham pions, it w ould be a g rea t____________ •
A m edal B victory C com petitor D prize
10 Some m em bers of the crowd got onto th e _____________ at the end of the football match.
A court B surface C earth D pitch
Com plete each sentence so that it m eans the sam e as the first sentence. Use the words
given without changing them . Use no more than five words. You will get two marks for each
correct answer.
1 W ere thinking of asking a professional decorator to do our new house, having
W ere thinking o f ____________________________ by a professional decorator.
2 ‘W hy don’t you get som ebody to clean your car before you sell it?’ said Mike, cleaned
Mike suggested_________________________________________ before I sold it.
3 You can’t read that sign? You should ask the optician to test your eyes! get
You sh o u ld ___________________________ if you can’t read that sign.
4 The dentist had rem oved a tooth, which m eant M egan couldn’t speak properly, had
M egan couldn’t speak properly because s h e ___________________________ removed.
5 I am going to the hairdresser’s tom orrow m orning, so I can’t m eet you at nine, cut
I tom orrow m orning, so I can’t m eet you at nine.
6 I suggest you ask som eone to fix your bike so we can go for a ride, fixed
W hy don’t y o u _____________________________so we can go for a ride?
Revision Units 13-14
> Circle the correct word or phrase in each sentence. Com plete the sentences using very or
1 O ur teacher m ade us write/to write four tests last week! absolutely.
2 Police say the young w om an which/who disappeared has 1 I thought the concert was
been found. wonderful.
3 I hope that/so that Jack asks m e to go out with him! 2 W hen you stand next to an elephant you
4 It’s about tim e you learned/have learned to be a little realise that they a re __________________
m ore polite. huge.
5 I’ll m eet you at the pool and we’ll go 3 Theresa is a (n ) ___________________
swimming/for swimming. difficult person to get on with.
4 Lady Gaga’s latest CD is
4 Com plete the sentences using the verbs in brackets.
terrible.
Is this Sally’s bag? S he___________________ (must/forget)
5 Try this soup. It’s .
it w hen she left.
delicious!
I Pete’s very sensitive. You really___________________
6 It’s. . tiring
(should not/say) those things to him last night.
spending hours in the art gallery.
The evidence showed that the accused m an
7 This knife is ___________________
__________________ (could not/kill) the victim.
useless! It won’t cut anything.
I’m sorry. I think w e ___________________ (might/meet)
before. At Bill’s party?
You_______________ . (can’t/clean) your room. Just
look at it!
My dad thinks I . __(ought to/call) to
tell them I was going to be late.
Read this text. For questions 1-10, use the word given at the end of each line to form a word that fills
the gap.There is an exam ple at the beginning (O).You will get two marks for each correct answer.
Score /60
- Complete the phrases with a word from the box. Magic Metaphors
friendly • lover bank bin species acid When we talk about ideas, we som etim es
use words or phrases that have a
connection with plants. Com plete the
. a place to leave your bottles to be recycled:
sentences with the words from the box.
bottle__________________
grow grow on roots • fruitful
a kind of anim al that is threatened with
extinction: endangered__________________
1 I didn t really like the idea o f recycling
not dam aging the environm ent:
plastic at first, but it’s beginning to
environmentally____________
.m e.
4 someone who cares about the natural world:
2 The idea o f w riting protest letters had its
nature __________ _______
----------------------------- in a discussion we had
3 a kind of rain that carries harm ful chemicals: in class.
___________ rain 3 We had a v e ry ___________________
6 a small container in the street for people to discussion about the local environm ental
put rubbish in: litter__________________ problem s and we came up with a lot of ideas.
4 Lisa suggested recycling everything we
use at hom e and the idea seemed to just
from there, really!
2 .2 1 You are going to £ 2 .2 2 Listen to the speakers again, in a different order. Fo
listen to five people talking questions 1-5 , choose from the list (A-F) what each person
about different aspects of the says about the environm ent. Use the letters only once.There s
environm ent. Decide w hat each one extra letter which you do not need to use.
speaker's purpose is.
A The destruction of different habitats Speaker 1 ________
Speaker 1 is explaining/denying is increasing.
something.
Speaker 2 wants to persuade/ B Some people’s appearance was Speaker 2 _________
entertain people. surprising.
Speaker 3 is denying/complaining C Changes in the law are to blam e for Speaker 3 ________
about something. causing the problem.
Speaker 4 is trying to persuade/
D There are things ordinary people Speaker 4 _________
entertain people.
m ight do.
Speaker 5 wants to explain/deny
something. E There are problem s we can’t see. Speaker 5 _________
* 9 Soundbite / d / a n d /su /
$ 2 .2 3 Look at the words. The vowel in Match to make ways of expressing your
each underlined syllable is pronounced /d/ opinion.
(like hot) or /au/ (like hope). Put the words into 1 I believe my o p in io n ,...
the correct boxes. Listen and check.
2 In my m in d ,...
hotel not woke forgotten
3 As far as t h a t ...
shopping lock boat wrote
4 My personal d view is t h a t ...
stop hole bom b comb
5 I tend e I’m c o n c ern e d ,..
like ‘hot’ like ‘hope’ 6 To f to think t h a t ...
Work in pairs. Use the phrases from exercise 1 to help express your opinions.
Discuss how big these environm ental problem s are in the area where you live.
Decide which one is the biggest threat to your local environm ent.
For questions 1-10, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of som e of the
lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an exam ple at the beginning (0).
Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS.
t may already be too late for this bird, but immediate action
■needed to ensure the ( 8 ) ------------------------ of other rare SURVIVE
■ ve been blamed.
0
T J Writing
A formal letter/email
<$> Look at Writing database - form al letters/emails on page 150 before you do the exercises.
Decide whether the points are necessary, not necessary but relevant, or irrelevant for the writing task
exercise 2.
1 M rs Collins’ party didn’t help Greenpeace w ith their advertising costs.
2 Her party has around five m illion m em bers across the country.
3 Tourists are put offby the pollution of the sea.
4 The river is no cleaner than it was two years ago.
5 Tourism has not increased due to pollution of the sea.
didn't M p OfrunpMce.
6 The local park is often full of litter. with advertising costs
Working model
Read the answer to the writing task. Put the parts in the correct order.
I am writing in response to an article in your O Secondly, the sea is also badly polluted.
newspaper on 25th February, in which my Contrary to what Mrs Collins claim s, touris"
local MP, Patricia Collins, w as interviewed. is falling because of this problem. Tourists
She made a number of statements which I and local people have also complained
would like to disagree with. about the park, which is often full of litter.
Find formal phrases in the letter on page 138 Now write!
that mean the sam e as these informal phrases.
You are now ready to write your letter to the
to reply to editor of the newspaper. Use formal language.
She said m any th in g s ... Include all the information you have to. Use the
... I th in k are wrong. model to guide you. Write between 120 and
150 words.
Disagreeing w ith w hat Mrs Collins says ...
W hy don’t you ... ? Check it out!
Lots of love,
8 Check your work. Tick (/ ) what you have done.
fteady to write!
You are going to write a similar letter. You have
seen this interview with a local businessm an in
i
your local paper. What information do you have
to include?
»
2 Find the answers to the
3 Read the article again. For questions 1-9, choose from the people
questions. Do not read the (A-D).The people may be chosen more than once.
article in detail.
Which person(s) makes the following points?
How long is C arl M axwells
sentence? Putting people in prison doesn’t solve everything. 1
I W hen did the crim e take Burglars try to find houses that are unlocked. 2.
place?
Crim inals who aren’t violent shouldn’t be in prison. 3_
How m uch of his sentence is
left? The victim s of crim e are to blam e for their situation. 4_
■ W ho does M rs N orton live Losing your things is n ot the worst effect of a crime. 5_
with?
The police were told about the crim e by the victim. 6_
W hat m ade Officer Holmes
suspicious? People who tu rn to crim e are frequently out of work. 7_
■ How long has George It wasn’t Maxwells first crime. 8 ____ 9 _ 10_
Blackwell been a judge?
There are m ore crim es in this area than in the past. 11_
WORD BOX
v'ore. Even if I hadn't known w ho he was, I
:u ld have searched his car b ecause he looked
4 Use words or phrases from the article to
com plete the definitions. You've been
r'y suspicious. He had a mask and a torch on the
given the first letter to help you.
eat beside him. W hen I opened the boot of the
it w as obvious that he'd been on a burglary, 1 s____________the punishm ent given to a
vh en Mrs Norton reported the crime, w e knew crim inal, usually tim e in prison
^at Maxwell w as guilty, and w e soon got a few
2 i____ ___ not having com m itted a
ngerprints from the house to prove it.'
crim e
ffice r Holm es has som e good advice for people
ho are afraid of this sort of crim e.'M ake sure you 3 b_ the crim e o f stealing
x k all your doors and w indow s at night. Most things from a house
: urglars are ju st out looking for an opportunity. 4 c_
Io n 't give it to them . If Mrs Norton had locked all . a m easure
o f how m uch crim e is com m itted
er w indows, Maxwell would have found another
"Ouse. If w e are going to lower the crim e rate in 5 g____________ having com m itted a crim e
•nis area, people have to start being more careful.'
6 £_ m arks we leave behind
when we touch som ething
THE JUDGE
7 c. _________the place w here decisions
G eorge Blackwell, QC, has seen all kinds of
crim in al pass through his court in his ten years as are m ade about who com m itted a crim e
a judge. He says that Carl Maxwell is no different
•'om hundreds of young men he sees every year.
Maxwell is quite typical. Most burglars are young
m en, often u n e m p lo ye d , w ho think that it's an
easy route to the lifestyle that other people work Have your say!
nard for. It isn't. Crim e destroys people's lives. Like
so m any others, Maxwell pleaded not guilty at • How big a problem is crim e in your local
the trial, but the police evidence was very clear. area?
It only took the ju ry a few m inutes to decide he • W hat do you th in k could be done about
was guilty, and, in my opinion, it w as clearly the the problem?
correct verdict. It wasn't his first offence, and I
sentenced him to six m onths inside. Prison isn't a
perfect solution, but at least it keeps people like
him off the streets.'
Grammar clinic
Conditionals (2): third Correct the sentences that have
m istakes in them . One sentence has
<2> Look at Grammar database page 196 before you do
no mistakes. Which one?
the exercises.
1 I would have escaped if I hadn’t h a d -
Look at this sentence from the article and decide if the faster car.
statem ents are true (T) or false (F). 2 I hadn’t been sent to prison if I had
com m itted a burglary.
If my childhood had been different, I would have got
3 He wouldn’t have becom e a thief if he
a proper job.
has had m ore m oney w hen he was a
child.
condition result 4 Ifth ere w ould be m ore police officer'
the crim e rate w ouldn’t have been so
1 This sentence refers to the past. high.
2 The condition is impossible. 5 If I hadn’t noticed the unlocked w in c o n
3 The result actually happened. □ I would have tried to find another
house.
Look through the article again and find other exam ples
of sentences like the one above. Underline them.
4 Decide what the people
would/wouldn't have done if
the past had been different.
Choose the sentence which expresses the sam e idea.
1 Barbara stole a diam ond ring so she v »
1 If I hadn’t been caught, I w ouldn’t have been sentenced arrested.
to prison.
a I wasn’t caught and I wasn’t sentenced to prison, 2 Joe ended up in prison because he
b I was caught and I was sentenced to prison. attacked som eone in the street.
3 The crim inal was guilty so I sentences
2 The burglar w ouldn’t have got in if I had locked the
him to six m onths in prison.
windows.
a I didn’t lock the windows and the burglar got in. 4 The evidence was very clear so the ju:
b I locked the windows and the burglar didn’t get in. took only a few m inutes to decide.
5 Your car was stolen because you didn
3 If the police hadn’t found fingerprints, they wouldn’t have
lock it.
had enough evidence.
a The police found fingerprints and they had enough 6 My father was a police officer so I
evidence. becam e one.
b The police didn’t find fingerprints and they didn’t have
enough evidence. Make true sentences about your past
In groups, com pare your sentences.
4 If I hadn’t had a m ask in the car, the police officer wouldn’t
have been suspicious.
a I had a m ask in the car and the police officer was
suspicious. If I had worfced harder I
b I didn’t have a m ask in the car and the police officer would have passed the tes4
wasn’t suspicious.
Q Vocabulary builder
Crime and punishment Word patterns
Com plete the definitions using the words in the box. 4 Com plete the word patterns with
words from the box.
shoplifting murder • assault
robbery • blackmail arson accuse charge suspect
apologise getaw ay • let off
sentence blame
1 If you kill som ebody illegally, you are guilty
o f_____________
1 . som ebody w ith a crim e
- If you deliberately start a fire, you are guilty
2 . som ebody
o f_____________
. with a w arning
If you steal items from shops, you are guilty
o f_____________ . som ebody of (doing)
som ething
If you attack som eone physically, you are guilty
o f_____________ . som ebody of (doing)
som ething
1 If you steal things, eg m oney from a bank, you
are guilty o f _____________ 5 . w ith a crim e
If you m ake som ebody give you m oney so that 6 . som ebody for a crim e
you don’t tell people their secrets, you are guilty
7 . som ebody to tim e in
o f_____________
prison
2 Match each punishm ent to the description. . for (doing) som ething
You don’t go to prison. If, however, you com m it another
crime in the near future, you will be sent to prison. Write a word or phrase from
Z You have to pay some m oney to the court. exercise 4 in the correct form in each
gap. Add any other words you need.
You have to do som ething for your local area. The work you
are given m ight be connected to the crim e you com m itted.
It isn't easy to (1 )___________________ a crime
* You are sent to prison for a very long tim e for com m itting a
serious crime. and the police often have an idea of who
might have committed an offence. If the
a a life sentence b a fine c com m unity service
d a suspended sentence police (2 )___________________ committing a
crime, they usually question that person
•Vord formation: irregular forms and collect evidence. If it's an unimportant
3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word or minor offence, the police might
in bold. (3 ) ____________________with a warning. If it's
The crim e that causes m ost problem s in the feu m-e what that
area is E w,eniA,s.
" x T
ikinq database
<S> Look at Speaking dc - Asking for
clarification and Giving/Asking for opinion on
page 165.
P Use of English
Wishes and regrets Write w hat the people might say in each situation.
<3>Look at Grammar database page 196 Use wish or if only.
before you do the exercises. 1 Emily wants to becom e a police officer. She isn’t tall
enough.
Correct the sentences.
‘I _________________________________ to becom e a
1 I wish m y new watch hasn’t been police officer!’
stolen from my bag yesterday
2 I stole sweets from my local shop. I regret doing it now.
2 Don’t you wish now you locked your
‘If _________________________________ sweets from
windows last night?
my local shop!’
3 I’m sure everybody wishes they can
3 The thief wasn’t careful enough and he got caught.
prevent crim e in their area.
‘If _________________________________ , I wouldn’t
4 I wish we didn’t get burgled w hen we have got caught.’
go on holiday this summer.
4 I’m taking a law exam next week. I don’t want to do it.
5 I wish I didn’t m ention the fact that
‘I _________________________________ a law exam
Kelly’s dad’s in prison w hen I saw her
next week.’
last week.
5 There’s a crim e thriller on at the cinem a but I can’t
afford to go.
‘If_________________________________ to the cinem a
to see the crim e thriller!’
Parts of speech
Com plete the phrases on the right so that they mean the sam e as the words and phrases on the left
using the verbs in the box. Use som e of the verbs more than once.
For questions 1-5, com plete the second sentence so that it has a similar m eaning to the first
sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and
five words, including the word given. Write the m issing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS.
T’m sorry I didn’t let the police know about it sooner,’ said Larry, w ished
L arry _________________________________ the police about it sooner.
1 My neighbours m ake so m uch noise that I com plained to the police, co m p lain t
I m y noisy neighbours to the police.
‘I regret starting the fire deliberately,’ said Alex, w ished
A lex______________________________________ arson.
Mack doesn’t regret robbing the bank, regrets
M ack_________________________________ . robbing the bank.
W hy don’t we visit your uncle in prison tom orrow ?’ said M um. paying
M um suggested____________________________in prison the following day.
f j Writing
A story
<2> Look at Writing database - stories on page 152 before you do the exercises.
Working model
Read this entry to the com petition. Use slashes (/) to divide the story into
paragraphs. Com pare your choices with a partner and see if you agree.
o Look Back
Can you answer these questions? If you
can't remember, lookthrough the unit
for the answers.
2 The crim inal’s _____________ were all over the stolen money.
A fingerm arks B fingertips C fingerprints D fingernails
5 The Prim e M inister announced new laws to deal with the rising c rim e __________
A am ount B rate C speed D total
7 I w onder why all the din o sau rs_____________ extinct at the same time.
A did B m ade C becam e D w en t
8 The giant panda faces extinction due to the destruction of its _____________
A habitat B habit C inhabitant D habitation
5 C om plete th e sen ten ces using th e correct form of th e w ords in brackets. You will g e t tw o m arks for each
correct answ er.
My father says that you should never tr u s t ______________ (POLITICS)
2 A p p a re n tly h ave discovered a new species of ape in Africa. (SCIENCE)
_
Thousands o f _____________ filled the city centre today and dem anded new
laws to control pollution. (PROTEST)
1 T h e _____________ shouted A ction!’ and the actor started running towards the
burning house. (DIRECT)
: Rescue team s searched the area of the plane crash, but there were n o ______________ (SURVIVE)
G ov ern m en t_____________ checked the factory and decided that levels of pollution
were unacceptable. (INSPECT)
6 C om plete each sen te n c e so th a t it m eans th e sam e as th e first sentence. Use th e w ords given w ithout
changing th em . Use no m ore th an five w ords. You will g e t tw o m arks for each correct answer.
I’ve got your school report here and I’m a little worried about it, George, find
I’ve got your school report here and I ____________________________, George.
2 We could go and visit H ilary this weekend, if you like, pay
We could go a n d ____________________________this weekend, if you like.
I’d like to suggest som ething, if you’d let me. m ake
I’d like t o _____________________________, if you’d let me.
- My dad gave up his career to look after us kids, but he says he doesn’t regret it at all. regrets
My dad says h e ____________________________giving up his career to look after us kids.
As I left, two hotel guests who wanted to com plain were dem anding to see the manager, m ake
As I left, two hotel guests w h o ___________________________ were dem anding to see the manager.
Score /60
Each piece of writing you do is different, Secondly, you have to know w hy you are
but there are a few general pieces of advice writing. Your purpose affects w hat you write.
you should rem em ber every tim e you write Read the question carefully and make sure you
som ething. understand w hy you are writing.
First of all, you have to know who your Thirdly, you have to know w hat type of
reader is.This tells you how formal your text you are writing. Look at the following
writing should be. In general, use formal descriptions of each text type. Follow this
language with strangers and people w ho are guide w hen you write. Your writing should
in authority (m anagers, teachers, etc). Use look like the exam ples here. An article should
informal language with people you know look like an article, a letter should look like a
personally (family m em bers, friends, pen letter, etc. Make sure you have everything in
friends, etc). the right place.
formal letters/emails
near m s Lawson,
Form al letters/em ails are letters/em ails y.
m write to som eone you do not know well. Y .
Thank yo u for agreeing to be interview ed . Ia
w ritin g to give you. further in form ation an d to m ight write one to make a complaint, m ak.
arrange the tim e an d date o f the interview. arrangem ents, give or request information
etc. W hen you are asked to write one,
F irstly, I would like to su g g e st we hold the you will be given a situation and some
interview a t -five o'clock, on either the ±±th or inform ation which you have to include. Yo«
12th. s in c e you. are s ta y in g at the H-otel tzsk, it should use form al language and start and
end the letter/em ail in an appropriate wav
m ig h t be best i f we m et there.
Key things to rem em ber:
The interview should la st h a lf a n hour, an d I am.
• m ake sure you understand the situatk i
■planning to ash yo u for a description o f yo u r
t our. o u r readers w ill also be interested in w h y • m ake sure you understand who you art
y o u came on the t our an d whether yo u have m et w riting to
a n y in terestin g people or other travellers. • decide w hether your letter should be
form al or inform al
I wonder i f yo u could brin g a n y photos yo u have • start and end your letter/em ail in an
o f places yo u have visited, we would also like to appropriate way
ta k e photographs d u rin g the interview, so ( hope
• use paragraphs to separate key points
yo u do n ot m in d i f I arrange that.
• include all the inform ation you are gi\ e
I look forward to hearing from yo u soon. • use indirect questions
•< This is w hat a form al letter/em ail shou.
Yours sincerely, look like.
j a n Merton
reports <u
C-loth l^vg
"This depends oiA-the tim e of year. H-owever, even in
su m m er the even ings a iA -d e ig h ts can be e^ulte
cold, so warm clothliA^j is needed, particularly
when cam ping.
izecom m endations
I would recommend stayliA-g at S u n sh in e
cam psite becau.se o f the excellent facilities.
In m y opinion, the best tim e to v isit would be
September, whe^v the weather is still good, but the
campsites are i^ot as bu.sy as they are earlier in
the summer.
Writing database stories
The M essage
Stories are m eant to be entertaining
and you need to use good descriptive ■Suddenly, a m.essage appeared on the computer screen, i had
language. A simple plot with few been su rfin g the internet and was su.rprc.sed to be interrupted.
characters is usually better than a I looked around the room, but everybody was working.
complicated plot w ith lots of characters. ‘Hello. H-ow are you, c^egV w ho could it be? i started typ in g .
You are often given a sentence that you Hello, w ho are you?' i waited for the answer, which appeared a
should start or end your story with. few seconds later.
reviews
In a review, you give your opinion of 'The Perfect Crime' by A liso n c^reene
som ething you have seen (a play, a TV
program m e, etc) or read (a book, 'The Perfect Crime' Is A liso n c^reene's second novel.
a story, etc) or a place you have visited in it, she describes what happens when a worte of art
(a restaurant, a hotel, etc).You should Is stolen from, a m useum . The police have no lucte,
describe the m ost im portant features, fin d in g the crim inal u n til detective P aul M illig an
explaining why you th in k they are positive solves the crime.
or negative things. A review often ends Although detective M illigan is a strong character,
w ith a suggestion or recom m endation. The m a n y of the others are very sim ila r to each other.
form ality depends on who your readers c,yeene is a good descriptive writer, but the
are, but usually you should use a neutral dialogues between her characters seem, u n n a tu ra l
style (neither too form al nor too informal). and old-fashioned. It's not alw ays easy to rem,em.ber
who is speaking and I often had to go bacte a few
Key thing s to rem em ber: pages to checte.
• give your review a title The plot's quite complicated, which is not surprising
• explain w hat you are reviewing for such a long thriller, w h e n detective M illig an
• decide w hat key features your readers fin a lly solves the crime, it's a complete surprise to
are interested in learn th a t the th ief was the m u seu m director. H-owever,
• describe the key features in separate he seems to solve it by lucte instead of steill, which
paragraphs
spoils the ending of the boote.
• give your opinions and the reasons for
I would recommend th is boole for fa n s of crime
them
fiction, who will fin d th a t there's lots o f action to teeep
• m ake relevant suggestions/
them, interested. H-owever, m a n y people will fund the
recom m endations
boote too long and d ifficu lt to follow.
This is w hat a review should look like. >-
9
articles
A Magical World
You are often asked to write articles for
H-ave you ever watched a pve> an d thought it was magazines. Make sure you know who you
disappointing? S o ^ e fllm .sju st d o n 't seem. to worte are w riting for because that tells you how
on the sm.all screen, do they? For today's action form al your article should be. An article for
fllm.s, there's only one way to see them.: In a modern other students should be lively, interesting
clnem.a. and not too formal. You can use questions
everything about m.ost fllm.s, from- the picture to the to interest your readers.
soui^d, Is designed for the big screein. special effects
th a t loote ordinary on a t v screen su d d en ly com.e to Key thing s to rem em ber:
life In the clnem-a. There's nothing lltee the exci.tem.ent • give your article a title
of w atching a scene, hearing the sound all around • m ake sure you know who your
you an d really feeling lltee you're there, In the readers are
m iddle of the action. • use questions to interest your readers
A part from, that, going to the clnem.a Is a special
• use the right level of form ality
occasion. The sm ell of the popcorn, the feel of the
• use exclamation marks to give a
seats an d the excltem-ent In the voices of the audience
lively feel
all m.atee a visit to the clnem.a feel lltee entering a
m.aglcal world. • use direct speech for things
people said
A c>vt> Is som ething you watch to pass the tlm.e. A
film, at the clnem.a Is a n escape Into a dream., so , for •< This is w hat an article should look like.
I'w.g, It's the cAsV^tv^R evcy'ij t ivuci
essays
it has often been suggested th a t only someone who Essays are form al and usually w ritten
m.atees m.usic can enjoy otherpeople's m usic. w hile for your teacher. You usually have to
all of us can enjoy m usic In our own way, It Is true explain w hether you agree or disagree
th a t p lay in g a m.uslcal lnstru.rn.ent helps yo u to with a statem ent, w hat the advantages
u n d erstan d a piece of music. and disadvantages of som ething are, etc.
To begin with, It tatees long hours, of practice to You should use a new paragraph for each
become a m usician. if yo u play a n Instrum ent, m ain point and use good connectors to
you understated how m.uch hard worte It has tateen link your sentences together.
for the m u sicia n to become so good, you enjoy the
Key things to rem em ber:
m.uslc more because you tenow how d ifficu lt It Is to
• use form al language
produce, you also recognise the ability of a talented
m usician. • use good connecting words and
phrases
sec o n d ly , tM.us.ic expresses emotions. if you have • present your argum ent clearly
tried to express yourself through m,uslc, you have a • use a new paragraph for each m ain
better Idea of what a m .uslclan Is try in g to do. you point
u n d erstan d the m eaning of the m.uslc an d th a t • only m ake points that are relevant to
increases y o u r ei/yoyment.
the question
To sum. up, i would argue th a t the ability to play a n • m ake sure you do w hat the question
In stru m en t helps you to appreciate m usic In m,any asks you to do
ways. U nd erstanding the effort an d the em.otlon -< This is w hat an essay should look like.
behind the m u sic m akes liste n in g to It more
enjoyable.
v>ear s a n ja y ,
informal letters/emails Ht! How are you.? I hope everything is. oteny. How were y o u r
Inform al letters/em ails are w ritten to a exams'! i bet you passed them all!
friend or to a m em ber of your fam ily Thanks for yo u r Letter. I can’t believe you've been offered
You should use inform al language and be two su m m er jobs at the sam e tim e! you said th a t one o f
friendly. Even though the them was in a restaurant and the other in a m u seu m , if i
letter/em ail is informal, you still need were you, i would d efin itely take the one in the restaurant.
to use paragraphs and include whatever
The fir s t th in g is that you'll be there in the summer.
inform ation the questions ask you to.
The last t h in g yo u w ant to do is spend the su m m e r in
Key thin gs to remember: a m useum l im agine how boring th a t would be! In a
• use inform al language restaurant, y o u 'll meet people, it m ig h t be hard work, but
• start and end your letter/em ail in an it 11 be worth it. I've got a cousin who wortes in a restaurant
appropriate way and he s a y s it's c^uite tirin g , b u t he really enjoys It.
• ask about a piece of news in the first The second th in g is th a t y o u can probably eat at the
paragraph restaurant, you sa id the pay w as the same, b u t you m ig h t
• use exclamation m arks to give a save kw-oney by e a tin g there, so y o u 'll be better off!
friendly feel cjood lu c k with It, a n d I hope you m ake the rig h t dec-lslon.
• use separate paragraphs for each W rite soon!
m ain point Love,
• use direct questions Blaine
This is w hat an inform al letter/em ail
should look like. >•
Formal and informal language • We use form al connecting words and phrases
Moreover, it is clearfro m statistics that more
Once you have decided how form al your writing
people are getting divorced than ever before.
should be, you need to decide what language
you can use. Here are a few things you should • We don’t use exclamation m arks in formal
rem em ber about form al and inform al language. writing.
first say hello and ask about your How are you? / 1 hope you’re
parag rap h brother’s news well. / Did you ... ? / What
happened a b o u t... ? / 1 hope
you ...
second tell your brother in general So, here I am in ... / The family
p arag rap h about where you are and I’m staying with are really
whether you’re having a good nice/friendly/etc
time
th ird describe the member of the Dan’s dad is a doctor and ... / His
p arag rap h family sister Elaine is two years older
than him ...
fou rth say what you’ve done so far Last weekend we went to ... / 1
p arag rap h and what you’re going to do haven’t ... yet / Tomorrow, I think
during the rest of your visit we’re going to ...
ending the end the letter in an That’s all for now! / Have to
letter informal way go! / Write soon! / Love, / Lots of
love,
second present your first main points Firstly, ... 1 The evidence shows
p a ra g ra p h agreeing or disagreeing with th a t... / In addition,... / As a
the statement result,...
th ird present further main points Another important point is
p a ra g ra p h th a t ... 1 We should also bear in
m ind th a t...
fo u rth come to a conclusion In conclusion , ... 1 My view is
p a ra g ra p h t h a t ...! Finally,...
. •
Laser Writing Planner 3 Informal letter/email
Com plete the chart. Be careful! Do N O T write your email until your teacher has seen your notes here.
m id d le two present your main points The usual daily routine of a (n ) ...
o r th ree consists o f ... / A (n )... is also
(heading)
p a ra g ra p h s responsible for ... / The salary is
generally ... 1 However,...
(heading)
fo u rth conclude and present your Conclusion In conclusion,... / As far as I’m
p a ra g ra p h own opinion concerned , ... / I would rather ...
th a n ...
Laser Writing Planner 5 Story
Complete the chart. Be careful! Do N O T write your story until your teacher has seen your notes here.
first one say where and when the story I was watching TV, and
or two happened suddenly ... / I called my mum
p aragraphs and said ..’
final say what happened in the end; Finally, ... 11 realised th a t ... 11
p arag rap h describe how you felt was relieved t h a t...
first ask a question to get your Have you ever ... ? / Where I live,
paragraph readers’ attention; introduce we have / there are ... / 1 live ...
the subject
second describe the first kind of
paragraph weather and the problems it
causes In the winter, we often/sometimes
third describe the second kind of have ... and that can cause ... 1 We
also sometimes have ... / It also
paragraph weather and the problems it
causes som etim es ... 1 This can lead to ... /
People find it very difficult to ...
fourth describe the third kind of
paragraph weather and the problems it
causes
second tell him about the interview We would like the interview to
p a ra g ra p h take place ... / We would like to
interview you a b o u t...
th ird ask him to prepare recipes and I wonder if you could ... 1 I’m
p a ra g ra p h ask about photos sure our readers ... / Do you
think we could ... ?
en d in g th e end the email in a formal way I look forward to hearing from
em ail you. / Yours sincerely,
first describe the place in general one of the most popular ... 1 open
p a ra g ra p h all year/summer/etc / a num ber of
things/activities for ...
second say where it is, how to get a short/long walk/drive from ... /
p a ra g ra p h there, and how much the Tickets c o s t ... 1 The entrance fee
entrance fees cost i s ...
th ird describe the main facilities there’s a(n) ... 1the main attraction
p a ra g ra p h and activities is ... / most people ... 1 such as /
Another thing you can do there
i s ...
fo u rth recommendation I’d definitely recommend ... 1
p a ra g ra p h I wouldn’t recommend ... 1
X will really enjoy ...
.aser Writing Planner 9 Informal letter/email
amplete the chart. Be careful! Do N O T write your email until your teacher has seen your notes here.
first say hello and ask about your How are you? / 1 hope you’re
paragraph friend’s news well. / Did you ... ? / W hat
happened a b o u t... ? / 1 hope
y o u ...
second talk about the first kind of
p arag rap h technology and say how you You asked me for/about ... / Well,
and/or your family use it I’ve got a smartphone/netbook/
etc and I use i t ... / My dad
th ird talk about the second kind of
doesn’t often ... / In the kitchen,
p aragraph technology and say how you
we’ve got ... / Another piece of
and/or your family use it
equipment I/we often use ... 1It’s
fou rth talk about the third kind of really useful for ...
parag rap h technology and say how you
and/or your family use it
ending the end the email in an That’s all for now! / Have to go! /
em ail informal way Write soon! / Take care! / Love, /
Lots of love,
first say hello and ask about your Hi! I hope you are well. / Oh,
p a ra g ra p h friend’s news what happened with ... ? / 1 h
you managed to ...
second tell your friend about nursery Well, young children go to
p a ra g ra p h and prim ary education nursery at the age o f ... / Then i r
start prim ary school ... / Some
children m ig h t...
th ird tell your friend about Most people start secondary
p a ra g ra p h secondary school school a t ... / We are there for
years and ... / At the end, we ta • •
... exams ...
fo u rth tell your friend any other Some schools have uniforms,
p a ra g ra p h points while ... 1 We also have private
schools, b u t ...
en d in g the end the letter in an That’s all for now! / Have to
letter informal way go! / Write soon! / Love, / Lots <
love,
final line give your first name
Com plete the chart. Be careful! Do NO T write your report until your teacher has seen your notes here.
(name of gym)
x
Laser Writing Planner 13 Review
Complete the chart. Be careful! Do N O T write your review until your teacher has seen your notes here.
first introduce the topic; give three Have you ever thought
p a ra g ra p h reasons why someone should a b o u t... ? / We all know
join the club t h a t ... 1... is a great/fantastic
way to ...
second describe the club activities and ‘...1 says Mrs West, who ... 1You
p a ra g ra p h say what Mrs West told you can do ... / There’s also ...
th ird say when the club meets The club meets ... / I spoke
p a ra g ra p h and say what James Edwards to ... / \ . says ...
told you
fo u rth conclude your article and tell Why n o t ... ? / If you’d like more
p a ra g ra p h readers how to get further information, co ntact...
information
0
Laser Writing Planner 15 Formal letter/email
Com plete the chart. Be careful! Do NO T write your letter until your teacher has seen your notes here.
th ird respond to the second point in He also states th a t ... 1This is not
p a ra g ra p h the article true, because ...
first one say where and when the story One day last sum m er,... / It was
o r two happened early winter and I was a t ... /
p a ra g ra p h s Mr Jones, the detective, was ...
final say what happened in the end; Finally, ... 1 We realised that ... /
p a ra g ra p h describe how you felt We were all shocked and amazed.
Word pattern database
(sb = som ebody, sth = som ething)
able be able to do help help sb (to) do, help sb with sth
account take into account homework do your homework, have homework
accuse accuse sb of -ing to do
add add sth to sth insist insist on sth/-ing, insist th a t...
admit admit (to) -ing, admit th a t... in spite of in spite of sth/-ing, in spite of the fact
advise advise sb to do, advise sb on, advise (sb) th a t...
against sth interest have/take/express an interest in sth
afraid afraid of interested interested in
agree agree with sth/sb, agree on sth, agree keen keen to do, keen on -ing
to do know know about sth, know how to, be known
apologise apologise for sth as
apply apply f°r>apply in writing let let sb do sth
approve approve of listen listen to (music)
argue argue about sth, argue with sb look look after, look for, look at, look forward
ask ask sb sth, ask sb to do sth, ask sb to -ing
about sth make make sb do, make the beds/a mess/
had bad at sth, bad for sb a decision/a difference/a complaint/
a fortune/a mistake/a noise/a phone call/
Selieve believe sth/sb, believe in sth/sb (God)
a suggestion/friends/make fun of
’lame blame sb for sth
manage manage to do
capable capable of doing
object object to
care care about, care for
occasion on this occasion
daim claim to be, claim th a t...
part take part in, be a part of sth
complain complain about
pay pay for sth, pay sb
congratulate congratulate sb on
persuade persuade sb to do, persuade sb th a t...
continue continue doing, continue to do
prefer prefer to do sth rather than (to)do sth
ieal deal with else, prefer sth/-ing to/rather than
iecide decide on, decide to do, decide th a t... sth/-ing
iemand demand th a t..., demand sth, a demand prevent prevent from -ing
for sth protect protect from
ieny deny -ing, deny th a t... recommend recommend (that) sb do
iepend depend on sth/sb refer refer to sth/sb
respite despite sth/-ing, despite the fact th a t... refuse refuse to do
i ifference make a difference regret regret (not) -ing, regret sth, regret to
ifficulty have difficulty in doing inform you ...
-o do your best/homework/the ironing/the rely rely on
housework/the cooking/an experiment/ remind remind sb of sth/sb, remind sb about sth
research/do you good
say say sth (to sb), say th a t...
i ream dream of -ing
sentence sentence sb to
. ncourage encourage sb to do sth
share share sth with sb
-:ijoy enjoy yourself, enjoy sth/-ing
stop stop to do, stop -ing, stop sb from -ing
cam take/do/have/fail/pass an exam, sit (for)
succeed succeed in
an exam
suggest suggest sth/-ing (to sb), suggest th a t...
. tplain explain sth to sb, explain th a t...
suspect suspect sb of, suspect th a t...
>nd be fond of sth/-ing
think think about, think of
irget forget (about) sth, forget to do, forget
doing time spend time -ing, spend time on sth, in
time, on time, it’s (about/high)time
an be/have fun, make fun of
touch in touch with sb
. iod good at sth, good for sb
work work as/on/in sth
ave have a party/a good time/a meal/a bath/a
plan/an idea/an argument/a family
Phrasal verb database
bring up to care for a child until they become look down on to consider someone to be of less value
an adult than you
bring up to mention or start discussing a subject look into to investigate, to try to discover the facts
call off to decide to stop something that is about something
planned look over to have a view of from above
carry on to continue doing something look up to try to find something (a word, etc) in a
carry out to do something such as research, an source of information (a dictionary, etc
experiment, an investigation, etc make off to escape (with something stolen)
come across to find something or meet someone make out to see, hear, or understand someone or
unexpectedly something with difficulty
come down to become ill, usually with an illness that is make up to become friends with someone again aft
with not serious an argument
come on start to be shown on television make up to invent a story, an excuse, a lie, etc
come up (of problems, difficulties) appear suddenly pick on to keep treating someone badly or unfair/
come up with to think of something such as an idea plug in to connect a piece of equipment to anothe •
or a plan piece of equipment, or to an electric socke:
cut out to remove or not include put down to kill an animal because it is very old, ill.
fall out to stop being friends because you have had or dangerous
an argument put off to delay doing something
find out to discover, to learn put on to start showing a programme on televis:
get away to escape put out to make something (a fire, etc) stop
get down to make someone feel sad or depressed burning
get on if people get on, they like each other and put through connect on the telephone
are friendly to each other run out of to use all of something and not have
get on if you get on with something, you continue any left
working on it run over to hit someone or something with a car
get over to recover from an illness, a shock, etc stand out to be easy to see or notice
give up to stop doing something you do regularly take after to be or behave like an older relative
go about to do something, particularly something take off to remove something you are wearing
difficult take off (of a plane, etc) to leave the ground
go off to explode take over to replace someone in a position (of
go off to stop liking something or somebody you authority)
used to like take up to fill a particular amount of space or tin: -.
go on to continue happening or continue doing take up to start doing something regularly as a
something habit, etc
grow on if something or someone grows on you, you think up to invent, to have the idea for the first time
start to like them after some time
throw away to get rid of something that you don’t war.
grow up to become older and bigger, to become
turn down to refuse to accept an offer or request
an adult
turn into to become
hurry up to go somewhere or do something more
quickly turn off to stop a machine, eg a television
keep on to continue doing something turn on to start a machine, eg a television
let down to disappoint by not doing what you are turn out to develop in a particular way or have a
expected to do particular result
let off to give someone little or no punishment for turn over to change to another channel on television
something they did wrong turn over to turn something so that the other side
let off to make something (such as a bomb) shows
explode turn up to appear unexpectedly
look after to take care of somebody
look after to keep something in good condition
Speaking database
1
Greetings and farewells Agreeing/Disagreeing
• Hello. • I completely/totally agree.
• Good morning/afternoon. • Yes, you’re right.
• How do you do? • I agree with you up to a point.
• Pleased to meet you. • That’s true, but...
• Nice to have met you. • I’m not sure I agree with you.
• Goodbye. • I’m afraid I disagree with you.
• I completely/totally disagree.
n
Giving personal information
• My name is ... Giving/Asking for opinion
• I’m ... years old. • In my opinion,...
• I’m still at school and I go to ... • As far as I’m concerned,...
• I come from a big/small family. There are ... of us. • If you ask m e,...
• I’m the eldest / youngest / second eldest / etc. • My view is that...
• I’ve got... brothers and sisters. • What do you think?
• My dad’s a(n)... and my mum’s a(n) ... • Do you agree?
• I enjoy.. .-ing and ... • We should ..., shouldn’t we?
• When I have free time, I like ... -ing and ... • What do you think o f ...?
• How/What about... ?
<3
Comparing
• A is good, whereas/while B isn’t.
Asking for clarification
• A is much better/etc than B. • Could you say that again, please?
• Aisfarbetter/etcthanB. • Could you explain it again, please?
• A is not as good as B. • Could you say that again more slowly, please?
• A is not nearly as good as B. • I’m sorry. Would you mind repeating that?
• A is almost as good as B. • Do you mean ...?
• On the one hand,...
• On the other hand,...
*
Expressing preferences
• I prefer ... -ing to ... -ing because ...
• I would rather ... than ...
• I find ... more interesting than ... because ...
Grammar database
1 Present simple and present continuous
Present simple:
‘to be’
He He is not Is he
She is She (’s not) she
It (s) It (isn’t) it
regular verbs
* ] B E CAREFUL!
W hen we w ant to emphasise an action or situation in the present, particularly to emphasise that it actually
happens, or that it’s different to w hat som eone else thinks, we can use the emphatic present simple, w ith do or
does.
‘Your brother plays the piano, doesn’t he?’
‘No, but he does play the guitar.’
‘I know you don’t like peanut butter.’
‘No, you’re wrong. I do like peanut butter.’
(We don’t use the emphatic present simple with the verb to be.)
Present continuous:
I am I am not Am I
Cm) (’m not)
He He is not Is he
She is She (’s not) she
It (s) It (isn’t) it
regular verbs
BE CAREFUL!
A num ber of verbs form their past tense in an W hen we w ant to emphasise an action or situation in th
irregular way. past, particularly to emphasise that it actually happened,
or that it was different to what som eone else thinks,
The past simple is used to talk a b o u t...
we can use the emphatic past simple, w ith did.
• single com pleted actions
‘You lived in Oxford, didn’t you?’
I walked to school yesterday m orning.
‘No, but I did stay there once.’
• repeated actions which don’t happen now
‘I bet you didn’t ask M ary to go out.’
My father walked to school every day when
he was a boy. ‘No, you’re wrong. I did ask her and she said yes’
• past states (We don’t use the emphatic past simple w ith the verb to b
I knew her w hen we were at prim ary school.
n BE C A R E F U L !
Past continuous:
•lost uses of the past continuous are like the uses of We also use the past continuous to talk a b o u t...
le present continuous, but in the past.
• actions in progress over a period of tim e
; or example, the past continuous is used to talk I was reading a book all m orning.
ib o u t...
• two actions in progress at the same tim e
• actions in progress at a point in the past M um was washing up while I was doing my
I was reading a book at 10 o’clock yesterday hom ework.
m orning.
• background inform ation in a story
• tem porary situations in the past The sun was shining. The birds were singing.
I was staying in a hotel until my flat was ready. Suddenly, a bom b exploded.
• changing situations in the past The past simple and the past continuous are often
At that tim e, unem ploym ent was getting worse. used together to show that one action happened
(past simple) during the tim e defined by another
• annoying past habits
action (past continuous). For example, im agine I
W hen I was a child, my parents were always
started watching TV at 5pm and the phone rang
criticising me.
at 6pm. I can say:
• arrangem ents and plans for the future in the past
I was w orried on M onday night because we were ‘I was watching TV w hen the phone rang.’
having a test the next day.
5pm 6pm 7pm 8pm
Com pare the uses of the past continuous w ith those I found studying every day hard at first because !
of the present continuous (see page 167). Often, it is wasn’t used to it.
used in the same way, but in the past. W hen we want to talk about the process of becom :: .
fam iliar with som ething, we use get used to.
* 3 QUICK CHECK
It’s hard at first, but you’ll soon get used to it.
1 W hich tense do we use for a single completed
action? Q B E CAREFUL!
2 W hich tense do we use for background Used to and be used to are pronounced differently
inform ation in a story? from the verb use.
3 It’s time you went to bed. Does this refer to the I used an opener to open the bottle. (/ju:zd/)
present or the past?
I used to live around here. (/ju:sto/)
I am used to working hard, (/asmjuista/)
W ould , u se d to, b e u se d to
* 3 QUICK CHECK
Would and used to can be used to talk about past
habits, especially for the distant past. Would can be 1 W hich of these is not used for past habits?
used like this: would/used to/be used to
W hen I was a child, my grandm a would read to me 2 W hat is the m ost com m on negative form of
every night. used to?
Used to can be used in the same way: 3 W hich of these can be used to talk about past
states?
W hen I was a child, m y grandm a used to read to
would/used to
me every night.
The difference betw een them is that used to can be
used to talk about states in the past, but would can’t.
I used to like tom ato soup, but now I hate it. ( / )
I would like tom ato soup, but now I hate it. (X)
We don’t use would or used to in the negative or in
questions very often. The negative of would is would
never or would not. The m ost com m on negative form
of used to is never used to.
I never used to be very good at languages.
You m ight also see these negative forms.
I didn’t use to be very good at languages.
I used not to be very good at languages.
(This is quite formal.)
Used to has this question form.
Did you use to live abroad?
0
Grammar database
3 Present perfect and present perfect continuous
Present perfect:
• com pleted actions at a tim e in the past W hen you w ant to say exactly w hen som ething
We’ve seen that film before. happened, you should use the past simple.
• com pleted actions where the im portant thing is the I saw that film last week at the cinema. ( / )
present result I have seen that film last week at the cinema. (X)
Julian has broken his arm.
t ] B E CAREFUL! * J B E CAREFUL!
A num ber of verbs form their past participle in an W ith the verb go, we som etim es use been as the past
irregular way. participle. Compare:
he present perfect is used with words and John’s gone to Paris. (= He’s there or on his way
expressions like: just, yet, already, This is the first time there.)
ever, never, for, since, so far, up to now, etc. John’s b een to Paris. (= He went there and now he is
Rachel has just left. back.)
Have you seen the new James Bond film yet?
I’ve already told you once that you can’t go to the
party!
This is the first time I’ve used a computer.
Have you ever m et a famous person?
John has never eaten Indian food.
I’ve know n M ichael for seven years.
I’ve been at this school since 2002.
We’ve received over a hundred applications so far/
up to now.
Grammar database
Present perfect continuous:
I’ve been working all m orning and I’ve only done We use the indefinite article (a, an) to talk a b o u t..
half of it. (I haven’t finished.) • single countable nouns (not particular ones)
I saw an accident yesterday.
Q B E CAREFUL!
We use the definite article (the) to talk a b o u t...
We don’t norm ally use ever or never w ith the present
• single countable nouns (particular ones)
perfect continuous.
There’s the m an I m entioned yesterday.
I’ve never been reading any of his books. (X)
• single countable nouns (in general)
I’ve never read any of his books. (</ )
The lion is a very fierce animal.
Q B E CAREFUL! • plural countable nouns
W here are the children?
Some people use the term present perfect progressive
instead of present perfect continuous. They m ean the • uncountable nouns
same thing. The weather is quite warm.
We don’t use an article when we are talking a b o u t.
• plural countable nouns in general
Lions are very fierce animals.
• uncountable nouns in general
Coffee is generally bitter.
0
Notice how we use articles in the following phrases: • nationalities, no article for particular people
Grammar database
• entertainm ent, m edia and sport ^ She’s Nigerian.
■* ‘the television’ = the piece of equipm ent • but: use the w hen talking about nationalities in
^ Turn on the TV. general
■* watch television, on television The French d rin k a lot of wine.
but: listen to th e radio, on th e radio
• travel
^ go to th e cinem a/the theatre
• go hom e
^ listen to music
■* on the bus, in the car, etc
• no article for games and sports ^ but: go by car/bus/bike/plane, etc
^ I love tennis.
• education
• for years, usually no article ^ go to school/university, etc
■* in 2002 ^ be at school/university, etc
• but: in the 1990s, in the 20th century, etc be in Class 5
• for seasons, with ‘in’ and ‘during’ the m eaning is
usually the same either with or w ithout article
* 1 BE C A R E F U L !
^ in winter or in the winter
• for m onths and days, no article He’s gone to the school is possible when the person is
^ in March, on Friday, on Sunday m orning only visiting.
^ in th e m orn in g /th e afternoon/the evening
at night
• for subjects, usually no article
• geographical areas use the with: seas, m ountain • I love chemistry.
groups, rivers, island groups, regions
m the Mediterranean, the Alps, the Thames,
the Bahamas, the Arctic < ] BE C A R E F U L !
• don’t use the with: planets, continents, countries, We put an before singular countable nouns with a
towns/cities, streets, lakes, m ost m ountains, vowel sound. It doesn’t depend on spelling. So, we
individual islands say ‘an um brella but ‘a university’, ‘an h o u r’ but
eg Mars, Europe, Germany, London, ‘a holiday’, etc.
Carnaby Street, Lake Superior, (Mount) Everest,
Crete * 9 Q U I C K C H E CK
but: the Earth, the world, the Moon, the Sun,
the UK, the USA 1 W hich is incorrect?
an umbrella/an uncle/an uniform
• jobs usually w ith a or an
■* She is an engineer. 2 W hich of these is correct?
the Britain/the USA/the China
• use the w ith positions of authority
^ the Mayor 3 W hich is incorrect?
in the morning/at the night/on Tuesday morning
• organisations usually use the
• the army, the navy, the police, etc
• public buildings usually use the
m the bank, the post office, the Theatre Royal, etc
^ but: go to prison/hospital, be in prison/hospital
iB E CAREFUL!
0
Grammar database 4 Past perfect and past perfect continuous
Past p erfect:
f j BE CAREFUL!
W ith some two-syllable adjectives, there is a choice:
clever - cleverer - cleverest or clever - more clever - the
We can often use the past (simple or continuous) most clever. We usually use the form s with more and
instead of the past perfect (simple or continuous), the most.
particularly if after or before m ake the order o f the
actions clear: adjectives with three or more syllables
I ate my lunch after my friend left. • Use more and the most (or less and the least),
interesting - more interesting - the most interesting
: =1 ate my lunch after m y friend had left.)
• If the adjective is form ed from a two-syllable
adjective ending in -y, then use either more - the
most or -ier - -iest.
^ Q U I C K C H E CK
unhappy - more unhappy - the most unhappy or
1 W hich tense do we use after It was the first tim e ... ? unhappy - unhappier - unhappiest
irregular determiners
• little - less - the least * 9 Q U I C K C H E CK
• m uch/m any - more - the most 1 W hat is the comparative form of bright?
W ith the comparative, we usually use than: 2 W hat is the comparative form of comfortable?
Rachel is older th a n all her cousins. 3 W hich w ord is missing?
W hen you w ant to emphasise the difference, you can My bag isn’t as big ______________ yours.
use much:
My dad is m uch older than yours.
5 The passive
We m ake the passive by using an appropriate form of A good way to think about the passive is to start wi:
the verb to be and the past participle of the m ain verb: an ordinary active sentence:
This castle was built in 1450. They took the young m an to hospital.
Your papers will be collected at the end of the This sentence is in the past simple, with ‘They’ as th .
exam. subject and ‘the young m an as the object. To make
it passive, we put the object first, then the verb to be
in the right tense (here, past simple), then the past
participle o f ‘take’:
Grammar database
* 9 QUICK CHECK
‘took’ in the first sentence (past simple). Also notice
that we do not need to say w ho did the action. W hen 1 W hich w ord is missing?
we do want to say who did it, we norm ally use by. The lottery______________ won by a man from
We norm ally only do this when it is im portant London.
inform ation. For example: 2 W hich of these is not norm ally used in the passive?
G unpow der was invented by the Chinese. appear/break/make
W hen we want to say that the action was done using 3 W rite one reason for using the passive voice.
som ething, such as a tool, we use w ith
I h e dead m an had been shot with a pistol.
We use the passive ... Countable and uncountable nouns
• w hen we don’t know who does/did som ething There are different kinds of nouns: those we can
The bank has been robbed! count (a book, two books) and those that we can’t
count (information, advice).
• when we aren’t interested in w ho does/did
Please pass me those pencils, w ould you?
som ething, or it’s obvious
(countable)
A m an was arrested at the airport as he got off the
The news was a bit of a shock, (uncountable)
plane.
Uncountable nouns often refer to collections of
• for emphasis
things, m aterials and other things we th in k o f as
The radio was invented by M arconi. (We are
‘masses’ rather than individual objects. You have to
m ainly interested in the radio, not M arconi.)
be careful because nouns that are countable in your
Some verbs are not norm ally used in the passive. language m ight be uncountable in English. Here are
They include intransitive verbs (w ithout objects) and some com m on uncountable nouns.
verbs such as have, let, lack, seem, appear, resemble, fit information, advice, luggage, baggage, knowledge,
and suit. money, news, travel, furniture
Some verbs can take two objects: a direct object and We use a singular verb w ith these nouns.
an indirect object. For example: Your advice was really useful.
O ur teacher gave us some photographs.
Some nouns can be countable with one m eaning and
ihere are two possibilities in the passive. The first is uncountable with another (coffee, a coffee). This often
probably m ore com m on. happens w hen we talk about a m aterial or substance
We were given some photographs and a thing m ade out of it.
(by our teacher). For example:
Some photographs were given to us Chocolate is m ade using cocoa beans,
(by our teacher). (uncountable, refers to the substance)
Some sentences have a clause as the object. W ould you like a chocolate?
People think/say/believe that the economy (countable, refers to one from a box o f chocolates)
is in trouble.
You really should get your hair cut.
here are two possibilities in the passive. The first is (uncountable)
robably m ore com m on.
There’s a hair in my soup!
The econom y is thought/said/believed to be in
(countable)
trouble.
It is thought/said/believed that the econom y is in We often use different words with countable and
trouble. uncountable nouns. Here are some.
C ountable nouns: many, how many, a lot of, lots of,
some, a few, few, a number of, a, an, one, two, three,
etc, the
U ncountable nouns: much, how much, a lot of, lots of,
some, a little, little, an am ount of, apiece of, the
Grammar database f j B E CAREFUL! Sometimes, you m ight want to use a countable nou:
instead of an uncountable noun. W ith m any of ther
Use m any and much before a noun in negative you can do that by using the phrase a piece o f ..., eg
statem ents and in questions. In positive statem ents Let me give you a piece o f advice.
(and also in negative statem ents and questions) use
There are some uncountable nouns which are
a lot of, lots of, or a large num ber/am ount of. (You can
plural and which take a plural verb. They do not
use much or many in positive statem ents, but it’s very
have a singular form. These include: jeans, trousers,
formal.)
spectacles, scissors, groceries, etc.
Few/little and a few /a little m ean different things. We need a new scissors. (X)
fe w (countable nouns)
We need some new scissors. ( / )
I have few friends. (= not many)
We need a new pair of scissors. ( / )
a fe w (countable nouns)
I have a few days off work. (= some)
little (uncountable nouns)
* 9 QUICK CHECK
They gave us little inform ation. (= not much)
1 W hich of these is countable?
a little (uncountable nouns)
money/advice/question
Let me give you a little advice. (= some)
2 W hich is correct?
The phrase only a f e w ... m eans ‘not m any’ and
The news was shocking./The news were shocking.
only a little ... m eans ‘not m uch’.
3 W hich is incorrect?
informations/ trousers/jeans
There are a num ber of different ways of talking about W hen we predict the future but we are not so sure o:
the future in English. It can be confusing because our predictions, we can use other m odal verbs
often m ore than one of them could be correct. (seepage 188).
Som etimes you have to think about which is m ore
Be careful! You might have an accident.
natural. It helps if you th in k about w hat you w ant to
express. Do you th in k we might see Tom at the party?
I th ink United could win the C ham pionship this
making predictions
year.
W hen we m ake predictions that we are sure of based
on our own judgem ent or knowledge, we often use making decisions
will. We often use will w hen we are m aking a decision.
I th in k U nited will win the Cham pionship this Oh, I don’t know. M m m ... I’ll have an omelette,
year. please.
W hen we m ake predictions based on evidence we can I’m really tired. I th ink I’ll stay in tonight.
see now, we often use be going to.
But we can also use be going to if we want to
Look out! You’re going to drop the drinks! emphasise the intention.
In general, be going to is m ore inform al than will I’m really tired. I th ink I’m going to stay in tonigh:
and is m ainly used in conversation. Often, we can
talk about predictions using both of them w ith no
difference in m eaning.
Do you th in k we’ll see Tom at the party?
Do you th in k we’re going to see Tom at the party?
0
talking about plans, intentions and arrangements talking about timetabled future events
Grammar database
W hen we w ant to tell som ebody about our plans or The tim e or date w hen some things happen is decided
intentions, we often use be going to. in advance, usually by som ething like a tim etable or
the calendar. W hen we w ant to talk about things like
I’m going to apply for a job at that new factory.
this, we can use the present simple.
I’m going to be a teacher w hen I finish university.
O ur plane leaves at four in the m orning.
(Not: I’m being a teacher...)
O ur exams start on 20th May.
W hen we have m ade some arrangem ents (bought a
ticket, agreed to meet, etc), we often use the present Next year, my parents celebrate their 50th wedding
continuous. anniversary.
I’m meeting Helen tom orrow outside the library. Christm as Day falls on a Friday this year.
We’re flying to Paris and then staying in a great
hotel.
These ideas can often be expressed using either the
We don’t norm ally use the present continuous for present continuous (for arrangem ents), be going
talking about intentions. However, the difference to (for intentions and predictions) or will (for
between an intention and an arrangem ent can be predictions).
quite small, so you could use be going to in both of
O ur plane is leaving at four in the m orning.
:hese situations. It depends on what you w ant to
emphasise. O u r exams are going to start on 20th May.
I’m going to m eet Helen tom orrow outside the Next year, my parents are celebrating their 50th
library. w edding anniversary.
We’re going to fly to Paris and then stay in a great C hristm as Day will fall on a Friday this year.
hotel. C hristm as Day is going to fall on a Friday this year.
W hen the sentence doesn’t have an auxiliary verb, You never tu rn up on tim e, do you?
we use the verb do. N obody called while I was out, did they?
You live in the town centre, don’t you? There’s no reason to leave now, is there?
Phil plays football on Saturdays, doesn’t he? In question tags where the subject is ‘there’, we repe..
Colin has a very big house, doesn’t he? ‘there’ in the tag.
We use question tags when we want to ... There’s a lot of vocabulary to learn, isn’t there?
We use reported speech w hen we want to tell such as pronouns (we, you, etc) or words that refer
som eone what som eone else said. We usually have to to tim e and place (now, here, etc). We also have to
change the tense if the reporting verb is in the past. decide which reporting verb to use, for example, said,
We som etim es have to change other words as well, admitted, suggested, etc.
(The past perfect simple and past perfect continuous tenses stay the same.)
Some m odal verbs change ... W ith wh- questions (what, who, etc), we repeat the
‘I can speak three languages,’ said Jerry. question word and change the tense and the word
order.
Jerry said (that) he could speak three languages.
‘Who left the fridge open?’ asked Mrs Harris.
‘Ben will be at the party,’ she said.
M rs Harris asked who had left the fridge open.
She said (that) Ben would be at the party.
All students must be on time,’ said the head teacher. We also often have to change words that refer to tim e
and place:
The head teacher said (that) all students had to be
on time. • here becomes there
• today becomes that day
W ith reported questions, we use if or whether and • now becomes then or at that m om ent
change the tense and the word order. • tomorrow becomes the following day or the next day
‘Have you finished?’ Sarah asked me. • yesterday becomes the day before or the previous day
Sarah asked me if/whether I had finished. • ago becomes before
Grammar database
The words this, that, these and those change as We often don’t make any changes to the verb when
follows: we are reporting w hat som ebody said very soon after
• this/that + n oun becom e the/that they said it, w hen we are reporting a scientific fact or
• these/those + noun becom e the/those w hen som ething is still true.
• this/that (as subject or object) becom e it ‘It’s quite cold,’ said Harry.
• these/those (as subject) becom e they H arry just said (that) it’s quite cold.
• these/those (as object) becom e them
‘Light from the Sun takes eight m inutes to reach
‘I hate this film,’ said Alice. us,’ the professor said.
Alice said she hated the/that film. The professor said (that) light from the Sun takes
‘I want these books,’ Tony said. eight minutes to reach us.
Tony said he w anted the/those books. ‘I have a niece in America,’ M r W ood said.
‘This is a great show,’ D ad said. M r W ood said (that) he has a niece in America.
D ad said it was a great show. We also don’t make changes to the verb when we use
‘These are nice candles,’ said Mary. a reporting verb in the present tense.
M ary said they were nice candles. M ark says that he is staying in tonight.
‘I bought these in town,’ said John.
John said he had bought them in town.
‘I left my purse here five m inutes ago,’ said Donna. 19 QUICK CHECK
D onna said (that) she had left her purse there five 1 W hat do we use reported speech for?
m inutes before.
2 W hat do we change ago to in reported speech?
‘We can finish these exercises tomorrow
morning,’ our teacher said. 3 W rite three reporting verbs.
O ur teacher said we could finish the exercises the
following morning. Indirect questions
We use indirect questions when we w ant to ask
We can also report w hat som eone said using different
questions politely. We use an introductory phrase
verbs, each with their own grammar.
(Could you tell me where ...) followed by the norm al
‘I didn’t steal your m oney!’ Peter said. word order (... the bank is?). We don’t use question
Peter denied stealing/having stolen my money. word order in the second part. Some indirect
‘No, I won’t let you go,’ my m other said. questions need a question m ark at the end and some
don’t. Look at the list below.
My m other refused to let me go.
‘W hat about an ice cream ?’ my dad said. Some introductory phrases ...
My dad suggested an ice cream. with a final question mark
C an/C ould you tell me ... ?
My dad suggested (our) having an ice cream.
Could you let me know ... ?
My dad suggested (that) we (should) have an Do you know ... ?
ice cream. Do you th in k you could tell me ... ?
‘I’m a great chess player,’ said Will.
Will claimed to be a great chess player. without a final question mark
I w onder if you can/could tell me ...
W ith im perative statem ents, we use a reporting verb I w onder if you could let me k n o w ...
such as told, ordered, commanded, etc. I w onder if you know ...
‘Sit still!’ said the hairdresser. I would like to k n o w ...
The hairdresser told me to sit still.
Here are some example sentences. Notice the word
‘Don’t say a word,’ said Carol.
o r d e r ...
Carol told me not to say a word.
Do you know who that man is?
‘Form a line,’ said the officer. (Not: Do you know who is that m an?)
The officer ordered them to form a line. Could you let me know w here the meeting is?
I w onder if you know where I can find a chem ist’s.
I would like to know w hen I will receive my
refund.
Do you think you could tell me how this works?
W hen the direct question is a ‘yes/no’ question, we indirect question
Grammar database
use if or whether. I w onder if you could tell me who is responsible.
Direct question: Do you know which is better?
Are you going to John’s dinner party?
Indirect question:
Could you let m e know if/whether you are going * 3 QUICK CHECK
to John’s dinner party?
1 W hy do we use indirect questions?
If the relative pronoun (who, which, etc) is the subject
of the relative clause and there is no other noun or 2 W hich word is missing?
pronoun, we just add an introductory phrase: ______________ you tell me what time it is, please?
Some verbs are followed by the full infinitive and some by the -ing form. Some verbs can be followed by both,
sometimes with a change in meaning.
Here are some com m on verbs that are followed b y ...
afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, admit, appreciate, avoid, be capable of, begin, continue, hate,
attempt, be pleased/able, etc, choose, good/bad at, be interested in, can’t help, intend, love, prefer, start
decide, expect, fail, happen, help, hope, can t stand, consider, delay, fail, happen,
intend, learn, manage, offer, plan, help, hope, deny, discuss, dislike, enjoy,
prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, feel, like, finish, give up, imagine, involve,
tend, want, wish, woidd like look forward to, mention, mind, miss,
practise, succeed in, suggest, talk about,
think o f
QUICK CHECK
<9q u ick ch eck
1 W hich of these is followed by the -ing form?
afford/suggest/refuse 1 W hich is correct?
I would rather stay here./I would rather to stay here
2 W hich of these is followed by the full infinitive?
deny/consider/plan 2 Y ou______________ better see a doctor. W hich
word is missing?
3 W hich of these is correct? would/had/should
I remember to go to school fo r the first tim e./I
remember going to school fo r the first time. 3 W hich is correct?
I wouldn’t rather.. ./I don’t rather.. ./I would rathcr
n o t...
Prefer, would rather, had better
Prefer and would rather are both used to express
preferences. Had better is used for saying what
som eone should do. Try n ot to confuse them . We
don’t say would better. They are used like this ...
Grammar database
9 Conditionals (1): zero, first, second
There are m any different kinds of sentence using if, i ) BE CA REFUL!
and it can be a little confusing. You have to decide
w hether you’re talking about the past, the present or We can use would like (= want) in first conditional
the future. You also have to decide w hether you’re sentences like this.
talking about a real possibility or an unreal possibility I would like to study French if I pass my English
unlikely, impossible or hypothetical). exam.
If you read a lot, you will learn lots of vocabulary. If I won the lottery, I would move to Hawaii.
You will need a good dictionary if you are I’d get a new car if I had enough money.
learning English. If you weren’t having a lesson now, w hat would
If you have studied, you’ll do well in today’s test. you be doing?
Instead of will, we can also use these other m odals or The use of the past here is called the unreal past,
the imperative. because it refers to the present or the future, not the
past.
If you are going to the party, you can take this cake
I made. Instead of would, we can also use these other m odals.
If it’s too late, we should call them tomorrow. If I won the lottery, I could leave my job.
I might/may take up French if I pass my English I might feel happier if I went to another school.
exam.
Instead of If I w as... we can also say If I were ...,
If you’ve finished, do the next exercise.
especially in form al English.
*
Grammar database
10 Modals(l)
My parents said I could go to the party so I started Your father’s late. He must be stuck in traffic on r
getting ready. way home.
(see pages 181-182 for m ore about reported speech) Hi! You must be M rs Johnson.
W hen we are (almost) sure that som ething isn’t true
asking for and giving advice: should, ought to often because we have seen some evidence, we use
We use should and ought to to ask for and give cant.
advice about now, the future, or generally. That can’t be the postm an at the door. He’s ahead',
You should tell your teacher about your problems. been today.
We ought to call if we’re going to be late.
W ith non-stative verbs, we often use the continuou-
Shouldn’t we start getting ready for the party?
infinitive (be -ing) to talk about actions happening
(for criticising past actions, see page 194) now or about probable future arrangem ents.
expressing possibility: may, might, could, can They must/can’t be having their dinner now.
Kelly must/can’t be going to Athens this weekend
We use can to talk about general possibilities.
In Russia, it can be quite hot in the summer. (for the m odal perfect, see page 194. for will and shu.
referring to the future, see pages 178-179. for would
We use may, might and could to talk about
in conditional sentences, see pages 185 and 196)
possibilities in the present, the future and generally.
We som etim es use may to show that som ething is
13 QUICK CHECK
m ore likely to happen.
1 W hat follows a m odal verb?
I may be a bit late for Friday’s lesson.
the infinitive without ‘to’/the infinitive with ‘to
Peter might have the right answer for num ber 10.
2 Do m odal verbs have an infinitive?
There could be some easy questions on the exam. yes/no
W ith non-stative verbs, we often use the continuous 3 W hich m odals do we often use for giving advice?
infinitive (be -ing) to talk about actions happening
now or about possible future arrangements:
Ian may be doing his hom ew ork right now.
Sophia might be playing tennis at the m om ent.
I could be going to London this weekend.
(for deductions about past possibility, see page 194)
expressing probability: should, ought to
We use should and ought to to say that som ething is
probably tru e or will probably happen.
M r Davies should have the report by now.
(= M r Davies probably has the report by now.)
The exam results ought to be on the website by
now.
Grammar database
11 Relative clauses
relative clauses
*
Bill Gates, who started Microsoft®, is now very rich.
In the first sentence, the relative clause identifies the In defining relative clauses, we ...
m an we are talking about. It is called a defining (or
• don’t use commas.
identifying) relative clause. The sentence does not
Those are the books which I told you about
make complete sense w ithout the relative clause.
yesterday.
The m an is now very rich. (W hich man? We don’t
• can use that instead of who or which ( that is m ore
know.)
inform al).
In the second sentence, the relative clause just gives Those are the books that I told you about yesterday.
us extra inform ation. It is called a non-defining
• often leave out the relative pronoun w hen it is the
relative clause. The sentence makes complete sense
object of the clause.
without it.
Those are the books I told you about yesterday.
Bill Gates is now very rich.
In non-defining relative clauses, we ...
Relative clauses are often introduced by relative
• separate the relative clause with commas.
pronouns. We use ...
Ronald Reagan, who was the President of the
which ■* for things U nited States, is ill.
Have you got the book which I lent you?
• can’t use that as a relative pronoun.
who ^ for people Ronald Reagan, that was the President of the
There’s the m an who stole my bag! United States, is ill. (X)
that ^ for people, things, tim es and places • can’t leave out the relative pronoun.
This is the bike that I got for Christm as. Ronald Reagan, was the President of the United
States, is ill. (X)
whose for possession
Tony, whose father is a lawyer, is in trouble with
the police.
* 1 BE C A R E F U L !
when ^ for times
I still rem em ber the m om ent when I saw her for W hen the relative pronoun (which, who, etc) is the
the first time. subject o f the relative clause, you do not need another
where ^ for places subject.
England, where football began, has strong sporting That’s the girl who is going out w ith John. ( / )
traditions. That’s the girl who she is going out with John. (X)
why ^ for reasons Which can also be used to refer to the rest of the
That’s the reason why he’s always late. sentence:
whom for people as the object of the relative He got an A in his exam, which im pressed
clause (in very form al English) and after prepositions everybody.
All students whom the Head has invited to dinner (This doesn’t m ean his exam im pressed everybody.
m ust reply before 5pm. It m eans the fact that he got an A impressed
everybody.)
That’s the m an to whom I gave the money.
Grammar database <3 q u ic k c h e c k * 3 QUICK CHECK
1 W hich relative pronoun do we use for things? 1 W rite the missing preposition.
who/which/whom This is the town ______________ which my mot):i -
2 Here’s the book which I borrowedfrom John. Does was born.
this need any commas? 2 This is the school to that my dad went. Is this
yes/no correct?
3 Do we use that as a relative pronoun in yes/no
non-defining relative clauses?
3 Here’s the house in where my grandma lives. Is th
yes/no correct?
yes!no
Relative pronouns and prepositions
Where can be replaced by preposition + which.
The resort where we spent our holiday was very
quiet.
(= The resort in which we spent our holiday was
very quiet.)
Less form ally we can put the preposition at the end of
the clause. W hen the preposition is at the end of the
clause, we can also use that.
The resort which we spent our holiday in was very
quiet.
The resort that we spent our holiday in was very
quiet.
We can use other prepositions apart from in. The one
we choose depends on the norm al m eaning of the
preposition.
The school that/which my m um went to was very
traditional.
The restaurant at which we m et was closed.
We can do the same thing w ith when.
The day when I won the lottery started badly.
(= The day on which I won the lottery started
badly.)
(= The day that/which I won the lottery on started
badly.)
W hen we use where and when, however, we don’t need
a preposition.
I will always love New York, the city where I was
born. ( / )
I will always love New York, the city which/that I
was born in. ( / )
I will always love New York, the city in which I was
born. ( / )
I wHl always love New York, the city where I was
born in. (X)
9
Grammar database
12 Result clauses:so, such, too, enough
So, such, too and enough can be used to talk about Both 50 and such can be used w ithout a that clause as
results. an em phatic way of saying ‘very’ or ‘really’.
so You’re so stupid!
...so ... adjective ... that... It was such a great film!
adverb too
m any/m uch + noun I \
to o ... adjective + fo r and/or I
•
adverb full infinitive
. many/much + noun , I /
My brother’s so handsome that he’s thinking of
becom ing a model.
We drove to the station so slowly that we missed They told my dad he’s too old.
our train. They told my dad he’s too old for the job.
I have to do so much homework that I don’t have They told my dad he’s £oo old to do the job.
tim e for hobbies. You’re driving too slowly.
I can’t come out tonight because I’ve got too much
work to do.
<] BE C A RE F UL !
It’s too difficult for me to do.
W hen so is used to m ean as a result, it isn’t followed
by that. Q BE C AR EF UL !
It was very late so I decided to leave. ( / ) Too is used to refer to som ething that is bad or
It was very late so that I decided to leave. (X) negative or that prevents us from doing something.
such It’s too cold to play outside. ( / )
...such... ( a/an + adjective 1 ...th a t... Don’t worry! You are too popular. (X)
+singular noun
adjective + plural noun | W hen the m eaning is positive, use other words and
a lot o f + noun phrases, such as really, extremely (with adjectives or
adverbs) or lots o f (w ith nouns).
It was such a boring lesson that I fell asleep. D on’t worry! You are really popular.
My cousins tell such funny jokes that I can’t help enough
laughing.
... (not) enough + noun (+for and/or + full infinitive)
We’ve got such a lot of homework that I don’t
Yes, I’ve got enough time.
think I can do it all.
Yes, I’ve got enough time to help you.
In all the above examples, the w ord that is optional.
No, I don’t have enough time to help you.
My brother’s so handsom e he’s thinking of No, there isn’t enough time for us to go shopping.
becom ing a model.
I have to do so m uch hom ew ork I don’t have tim e
(not)... adjective +for and/or
for hobbies. «
adverb full infinitive
My cousins tell such funny jokes I can’t help
laughing.
Too and enough are not followed by a that clause. 1 I went home fo r to get m y keys. Is this correct?
yes/no
The coffee was too hot that I couldn’t drin k it. (X)
The coffee was n ot cold enough that I could drink 2 W hich phrase m eans the same as in order?
itr(X) so that/as for/so as
3 W hich is correct?
I studied not to fa il the test./I studied in order not r
* 3 QUICK CHECK fa il the test.
Infinitives of purpose
We can use a full infinitive to refer to som eone’s
purpose.
I rang to speak to George.
We left early to get to the station on time.
I rang for to speak to George. (X)
We left early for getting to the station on time. (X)
We can also use the phrase in order before the full
infinitive. In general, in order is m ore form al than the
full infinitive alone.
I am w riting in order to request further
inform ation.
In form al contexts, we can use the phrase so as
before the full infinitive. So as isn’t very com m on in
conversation.
The Prim e M inister today m et MPs so as to inform
them of his decision.
W ith a negative infinitive and with stative verbs,
we norm ally use in order not or so as not. We don’t
norm ally use the full infinitive on its own.
We left early in order/so as not to be late.
I studied hard in order/so as to be ready for the
test.
(HI
Grammar database
13 The causative
I’m having my hair cut tomorrow. W ords like wonderful, impossible, perfect, etc, are
We got our garden done last week. ungradable. We th in k of these as things you either
are, or aren’t. In other words you are either perfect or
W illiam should have his car cleaned. It’s a mess!
you aren’t. We don’t th ink of these ideas as being on
We use the causative w hen som ebody else does a scale.
som ething for us. We often use it for things we pay
We use different words with gradable and ungradable
other people to do. Like the passive (see pages
adjectives and adverbs.
176-177), we use the causative w hen the person who
does the action is unim portant or obvious or for
emphasis. We form the causative using ... gradable adjectives and adverbs
• have in the right form + object + past participle James i s ............................... tall.
We can also use the verb get instead of have. Get is less In this sentence, we can use words that refer to degree
formal. As with the passive voice, we can use by when or am ount.
we want to say who does the action.
very
You should have your arm looked at by a doctor. a little
with when we w ant to refer to the tool or equipm ent. a bit
You look like you’ve had your hair cut with a knife rather
and fork! James is quite tall,
really
* ) BE CA REFUL!
extremely
This structure can also be used to refer to things that incredibly
other people did/have done to us but which we didn’t
ask them to do, for example, stealing som ething of ungradable adjectives and adverbs
ours.
The m atch w a s ............................... amazing.
I’ve had m y bag stolen. (= My bag has been stolen.)
In this sentence, we can use words that m ean
^ Q U I C K C H E CK
‘completely’.
How does Lisa know about the party? I suppose • after would rather w hen we are talking about thine
Jane may/might/could have told her. we w ant/don’t want other people to do
I’d rather you came at six tomorrow.
The thieves might have escaped through the
window. • after it’s (high or about) tim e
Don’t you think it’s about tim e we left?
Peter might not have known about the meeting.
• in polite requests and questions
I’m sorry, Sir. Did you w ant something?
$ ) B E C A RE F UL !
* 9 q u ick ch eck iQ q u i c k c h e c k
1 Does the third conditional refer to a real 1 I wish I was still in bed! W hat does this refer to?
possibility? the past/the present/the future
yes/no 2 I wish I would stop smoking. Is this correct?
2 W hat does the third conditional refer to? yes/no
the past/ the present/the future 3 I wish I pass the exam next week. Is this correct?
3 Can we use other m odals, apart from would? yes/no
yes/no
U n its 1 -2 U n its 3 - 4
1 Find the answers online! Find the answers online!
3 W hich state is Brisbane in? 3 W hat’s the form al word (like the words
in questions 1 and 2) for som eone who
—3!
collects coins?______________
s^a 4 W ho was the m ain founder of
Facebook?______________ 4 W hat’s the form al word for som eone
w ho collects wild birds’ eggs?
5 W hat did Frank W hittle invent
in 1928?______________
3 5 If som eone’s an am ateur vexillologist,
6 W hat is the busiest airport in a== 3 w hat are they interested in?
New York called?____________
7 W ho was the first m an to step onto 6 The Prim e M inister of the UK works
the M oon?______________ at 10 D ow ning Street in London. W ho
works at num ber 11? (clue: the answer
8 W hat is another nam e for the London is in the form the C... of the E...)
U nderground? The T______________
9 In what year did the Space Shuttle 7 PAYE in Britain stands for ‘pay as you
stop flying?______________ earn. Pay w hat?______________
10 In which year did the first m odern 8 If som eone describes him /herself as
•! helicopter take off?______________ a ‘tonsorial artist’, w hat do they cut?
'-••• 3
1 W hat did the first text message ever Chinese food is often eaten using thin
sent say?______________ pieces of w ood or plastic rather than
knives and forks. W hat are they called
2 W hat was the hottest tem perature ever in English?______________
recorded in E urope?______________
In January 2012, the cruise ship Costa
3 In which country could you watch Concordia had a very serious accident
CBS and N B C ?______________ w hen it hit a rock off which Italian
island?______________
4 W hat are the seven colours of the
rainbow ?______________ Jamie Oliver, a famous chef, m ade
a TV series for people who need to
5 There used to be a show called Dallas cook very quickly. W hat was the
on TV. Was it a game show, a chat program m e called?______________
show or a soap o p era?______________
4 W hich city has these airports: New ark
6 W hat do m eteorologists m easure with and LaG uardia?______________
the Beaufort scale?______________
5 If you’re eating Bombay Duck,
7 The title of the show Big Brother comes w hat kind of m eat are you eating?
from which b o o k ?______________
L.--- 8 Large storm s in the Atlantic Ocean are 6 In which city is Waverley train station?
-- . ’’J
called hurricanes. W hat are they called
in the Pacific O cean?______________
7 W hich two m en created
9 W hen talking about the internet, what W orcestershire sauce?
does www stand for?______________
8 In Britain, if you order ‘bangers and
10 June is usually a sunny m onth in m ash’ at a cafe or restaurant, you’ll
London. W hat was unusual about 2nd c-.--.
e g.--'.... 3
receive a dish w ith m ashed potato and
June 1975?______________ w hat else?______________
1 In which year did Apple® start selling 1 The University of W arwick isn’t
apps through their App Store? actually in the town of Warwick.
W hich city is it in ? ____________
v
Units 13-14
Webquests
Units 15-16
Find the answers online! 1 Find the answers online!
1 W ho painted the Mona Lisa and where 1 W hat’s the nam e for a garden with a
is it? ______________ num ber of fruit trees? (clue: it starts
w ith the letter ‘o’) ______________
2 W omen first com peted in the
heptathlon at the Olympic Games” 2 CFCs can be harm ful to the
in which year and in which city? environm ent. W hat do the letters CFC
stand for?______________
3 How m any symphonies did Beethoven 3 W hat’s another noun from the word
g;...3
com pose?______________ ‘environm ent’? ______________
4 In which decade was the game of 4 If som eone’s good at m aking plants
volleyball invented?______________ grow, we m ight say they have what
kind of fingers? ______________
5 W hich fam ous Spanish painter
was born in 1881 and died in 1973? 5 A m eteorologist would say that rain
and snow are two different kinds of
what? (clue: the word starts with the
6 W hich of these is not a race in the letters ‘pre’) ______________
3 Olympics®: 400m, 5,000m, 7,000m or
3 10,000m?______________ 6 Policemen are som etim es know n as
‘bobbies’. This w ord refers to which
7 How did the painter Vincent van Gogh g==i| UK politician from the 1800s?
die?______________
8 W hich country won the football 7 The w ord ‘jail’ m eans ‘prison. There’s
W orld Cup in 1950?______________ another word with a very sim ilar
m eaning and the same pronunciation.
9 W hich story by Charles Dickens How is it spelled?______________
describes what happens to
M r Scrooge?______________ 8 Porridge was the nam e of a very
popular British sitcom set in a prison.
10 W hich famous tennis tournam ent W hat was the nam e of the fictional
takes place in London each summ er? prison in the show ?______________
Components
Student's Book with Student's CD-ROM and MPO ISBN 978-0-230-47068-2
Workbook with key, plus audio CD ISBN 978-0-230-43368-7
Workbook without key, plus audio CD ISBN 978-0-230-43369-4
Teacher's Book with Teacher's DVD-ROM andDigibook ISBN 978-0-230-43375-5
Class Audio CD ISBN 978-0-230-43376-2
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
The Laser B1+ Student's CD-ROM is compatible with Windows XP, Vista, 7 8 8, and with Macintosh OSX 1 0 .5 ,1 0 .6 ,1 0 .7 & 10.8.
CO M M O N E U R O P E A N FR A M EW O RK
MACMILLAN
www.macmillanenglish.com