PAPER-II: LABOUR PERSPECTIVES IN INDIA (Probable Questions)

1. Two views on unemployment that has gained ascendance since 1990s. One,
globalization can only worsens unemployment. Second, that rapid technological
change is resulting in jobless growth. How do you understand unemployment in
the light of these anxieties in the industrialized countries and developing
countries like India?

. After years of hedging or discounting the malign effects of free trade, it

was time to face facts: globalisation caused job losses and depressed
wages, and the usual Davos proposals – such as instructing affected
populations to accept the new reality – weren’t going to work. Unless
something changed, the political consequences were likely to get worse.
It was only a few decades ago that globalisation was held by many, even
by some critics, to be an inevitable, unstoppable force. “Rejecting
globalisation,” the American journalist George Packer has written, “was
like rejecting the sunrise.” Globalisation could take place in services,
capital and ideas, making it a notoriously imprecise term; but what it
meant most often was making it cheaper to trade across borders –
something that seemed to many at the time to be an unquestionable
good. In practice, this often meant that industry would move from rich
countries, where labour was expensive, to poor countries, where labour
was cheaper. People in the rich countries would either have to accept
lower wages to compete, or lose their jobs. But no matter what, the goods
they formerly produced would now be imported, and be even cheaper.
And the unemployed could get new, higher-skilled jobs (if they got the
requisite training). Mainstream economists and politicians upheld the
consensus about the merits of globalisation, with little concern that there
might be political consequences.
It has also affected the wage.

2. Explain the labour problems faced by our country under the present economic
and social conditions.
Employment for inclusive’ Growth:

Failure of Growth to Generate Employment

Employment, an Explicit Goal

Unorganized labour market

Poor technical and Vocational education

3. Please elaborate on the role of labour in economic development.

1. Basis of Consumption:
Basis of Production
Basis of Distribution

4. What do you mean by economics? Provide a good definition of economics and

argue for it.

Adam Smith’s Wealth Definition

economics as a science of wealth which studies the process of
production, consumption and accumulation of wealth.
Marshalls welfare definition
economics as a science of wealth which studies the process of
production, consumption and accumulation of wealth.
i. Economics is a social science since it studies the actions of
human beings.
ii. Economics studies the ‘ordinary business of life’ since it
takes into account the money-earning and money-spending
activities of man.
iii. Economics studies only the ‘material’ part of human
welfare which is measurable in terms of the measuring rod of
money. It neglects other activities of human welfare not
quantifiable in term
Robbins’ Scarcity Definition
According to Robbins, neither wealth nor human welfare
should be considered as the subject-matter of economics. His
definition runs in terms of scarcity: “Economics is the science
which studies human behaviour as a relationship between
ends and scarce means which have alternative uses.”
(i) Human wants are unlimited; wants multiply—luxuries
become necessities. There is no end of wants. If food were
plentiful, if there were enough capital in business, if there
were abundant money and time—there would not have been
any scope for studying economics. Had there been no wants
there would not have been any human activity. Prehistoric
people had wants. Modern people also have wants. Only
wants change—and they are limitless.
(ii) The means or the resources to satisfy wants are scarce in
relation to their demands. Had resources been plentiful, there
would not have been any economic problems. Thus, scarcity of
resources is the fundamental economic problem to any
society. Even an affluent society experiences resource scarcity.
Scarcity of resources gives rise to many ‘choice’ problems.
(iii) Since the prehistoric days one notices constant effort of
satisfying human wants through the scarcest resources which
have alternative uses. Land is scarce in relation to demand.
However, this land may be put to different alternative uses.
A particular plot of land can be either used for jute cultivation
or steel production. If it is used for steel production, the
country will have to sacrifice the production of jute. So,
resources are to be allocated in such a manner that the
immediate wants are fulfilled. Thus, the problem of scarcity of
resources gives rise to the problem of choice.
 5. Four factors of production brief explanation :, labor, capital, and
entrepreneurship
6. Features of Labour

 Labour is Perishable: labour cannot be stored

 Labour cannot be separated from the Labourer

 Less Mobility of Labour

 Weak Bargaining Power of Labour

  Inelastic of labour

  Labourer is a Human being and not a Machine:

 A Labourer sells his Labour and not Himself

 Increase in Wages may reduce the of Labour

 Labour is both the Beginning and the End of Production

 Differences in the Efficiency of Labour

 Indirect Demand for Labour

 Difficult to find out the Cost of Production of Labourer:

 Labour creates Capital

 Labour is an Active Factor of Production:

7. Types of Unemployment

Open Unemployment:

• Open unemployment is a situation where in a large section of the labour force

does not get a job that may yield them regular income. This type of
unemployment can be seen and counted in terms of the number of unemployed
persons. The labour force expands at a faster rate than the growth rate of
economy. Therefore all people do not get jobs.

Disguised Unemployment:
 • It is a situation in which more people are doing work than actually required. Even
if some are withdrawn, production does not suffer. In other words it refers to a
situation of employment with surplus manpower in which some workers have
zero marginal productivity.

• So their removal will not affect the volume of total production. Overcrowding in
agriculture due to rapid growth of population and lack of alternative job
opportunities may be cited as the main reasons for disguised unemployment in
India.

Seasonal Unemployment:

• It is unemployment that occurs during certain seasons of the year. In some

industries and occupations like agriculture, holiday resorts, ice factories etc.,
production activities take place only in some seasons. So they offer employment
for only a certain period of time in a year. People engaged in such type of
activities may remain unemployed during the off-season.

Technological Unemployment:

• It is the result of certain changes in the techniques of production which may not
warrant much labour. Modern technology being capital intensive requires less
labourers and contributes to this kind of unemployment.

Structural Unemployment:

This type of unemployment arises due to drastic changes in the economic structure of a
country. These changes may affect either the of a factor or demand for a factor of
production. Structural employment is a natural outcome of economic development and
technological advancement and innovation that are taking place rapidly all over the
world in every sphere.

Underemployment:

• It is a situation in which people employed contribute less than their capacity to

production. In this type of unemployment people are not gainfully employed.
They may be employed either on part-time basis, or undertake a job for which
lesser qualification is required. For example a Post Graduate may work as a clerk
for which only S.S.L.C. is enough.

Casual Unemployment:

• When a person is employed on a day-to-day basis, casual unemployment may

occur due to short-term contracts, shortage of raw materials, fall in demand,
change of ownership etc.
 • Educated Unemployment:

Chronic Unemployment:

• If unemployment continues to be a long term feature of a country, it is called

chronic unemployment. Rapid growth of population and inadequate level of
economic development on account of vicious circle of poverty are the main
causes for chronic unemployment.

Frictional Unemployment:

• Frictional unemployment is caused due to improper adjustment between of

labour and demand for labour. This type of unemployment is due to immobility of
labour, lack of correct and timely information, seasonal nature of work. etc.

8. Causes of Unemployment
o Slow Economic Growth:
 Slow Industrial Growth
 Fall of Cottage and Small industries
 Slowdown in Agricultural Growth
 Growth of the Service Sector
 Lack of Capital
 Increase in Population
Immobility of labour
9. Discuss the circular flow diagram in case of a two sector closed economy using
money.
10. Measures of Unemployment UPS CWS CDS
11. Stages of development following Marx
 Primitive Communism
 Slavery
 Feudalism
 Capitalism
 Socialism
 Communism

12. Different labour market structures

• Perfect Competition, Monopsony, Duopsony, Oligopsony

 What are causes and effect of child labour?

 Poverty.
 Unemployment.
 Access to compulsory, free education is limited.
 Existing laws or codes of conduct are often violated.
 Laws and enforcement are often inadequate.
 Workers’ rights are repressed.

• The presence of a large number of child laborers is regarded as a serious issue

in terms of economic welfare.
• Children who work fail to get necessary education. They do not get the
opportunity to develop physically, intellectually, emotionally and psychologically.
• In terms of the physical condition of children, children are not ready for long
monotonous work because they become exhausted more quickly than adults.
This reduces their physical conditions and makes the children more vulnerable to
disease.
• Children in hazardous working conditions are even in worse condition. Children
who work, instead of going to school, will remain illiterate which limits their ability
to contribute to their own well being as well as to community they live in.
• Thus child labour has long term adverse effects for India.
• General child injuries and abuses like cuts, burns and lacerations, fractures,
tiredness and dizziness, excessive fears and nightmares.
• Sexual abuse, particularly sexual exploitation of girls by adults, rape, prostitution,
early and unwanted pregnancy, abortion, Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
and HIV/AIDS, drugs and alcoholism.
• Physical abuse that involve corporal punishment, emotional maltreatment such
as blaming, belittling, verbal attacks, rejection, humiliation and bad remarks.
• Emotional neglect such as deprivation of family love and affection, resulting in
loneliness, and hopelessness.
• Physical neglect like lack of adequate provision of food, clothing, shelter and
medical treatment.
• Lack of schooling results in missing educational qualifications and higher skills
thus perpetuating their life in poverty.
• Competition of children with adult workers leads to depressing wages and
salaries.
• Apart from the above, lack of opportunity for higher education for older children
deprives the nation of developing higher skills and technological capabilities that
are required for economic development/transformation to attain higher income
and better standards of living.

13. What are the issues of women labour?

Harassment, no equal opportunity, employer hesitate to hire, working limitation,
cannot work in hazadious areas. exploitation, Family tradition.
14. What are the different types of migration?
In nutshell, permanent or semi-permanent change in the place of residence of an
individual is a basic characteristic of the migration.
• International Migration, Internal Migration, Voluntary or Forced.

15. What are the effects of migration? ppt 245

16. What are the causes of migration? Economic,
Social,
Political,
Cultural
Environmental
Demographical
17. Total product marginal product average product of labour and the relation
between them
18. Laws of variable proportion
19. Write down the pros and cons of Trade Unions using necessary digrams?
20.

Output Total Averag Marginal Price Total Average Marginal

Product e Product Revenue Revenue Revenue
Product
1 80 10
2 85 9
3 270 8
4 368 7
5 430 2580
6 50 5
7 504 4

There will fill in the blanks for these types of questions and questions might be
there on equilibrium output

21. What are the factors affecting demand for labour

22. What are the factors affecting supply of labour
Wage, alternate source of income, education, social security, mobility,
exploitation, Non-monetary characteristics of specific jobs, net
migration.
23. Explain the meaning of increase/decrease in demand for labour and
expansion/contraction of demand for labour with help of diagram if supply
remains constant
24. Why wages differ? Explain the factors.
25. Explain equilibrium in labour market. What will happen if price of substitute goods
will rise? Explain if the price of the complementry goods rise .
26. Discuss the effects of imposing a minimum wage with diagram.

27. Write a note on Wage Policy in India

28. What are the objectives of wage planning
29. Bases of Wage Determination
30. Labour in Globalizing India: An Overview
31. Economic Growth and Employment in India: Performance and Emerging
Challenges
32. Access to and Exclusion from Employment: Social and Regional Dimensions of
Indian Labour
33. Wage discrimination in India –what is discrimination? Discrimination by religion
gender race caste etc
34. MGNREGA
35. Skill development
36. Wages, Earnings and Inequality in the Indian Context (Also important for
Social security)
37. Labour Institutions and Industrial and Employment Relations in India (also
important for IR)
38. Social Security for Unorganised workers (Also important for Social security)
 PAPER-III: LABOUR WELFARE LEGISLATIONS (Probable Questions)

1) Do you agree with the statement – ‘Investment on welfare of workers is a wise

investment’? Please explain in detail. Also list out various welfare amenities
provided by organisations to its employees.
2) Discuss the significance of labour welfare
3) What are the different theories of labour exploitation? Discuss critically
4) Concept nature objectives principles of labour welfare
5) Approaches to labour welfare
6) Theories of labour welfare critically discuss
7) Explain and justify the concept of a welfare state and briefly describe its major
objectives
8) Discuss the attitude of Indian judiciary towards labour welfare
9) Examine the concept, nature and scope of labour welfare in the context of
improvement of the standards of living.
10)Explain the special provisions relating to employment of women and children
under the Factories Act, 1948.
11)Explain the definition of the term ‘Factory’ under the Factories Act, 1948.
12)Explain the powers of the Inspectors appointed under the Factories Act, 1948.
13)Occupier & his Role under the Factories Act, 1948
14)worker as per Factories Act, 1948
15)What is manufacturing process as per the Factories Act 1948
16)Objective and applicability of the act. Concept of factory,
17) Enforcement of Factories Act, 1948 authority responsible, role and duties of the
officer
18)Working hours as per Factories Act, 1948
19)Welfare provisions as per factory act 1948
20)Employment of young person’s as per factory act 1948
21)Annual leave with wages as per factory act 1948
22)Penalties under factory act 1948
23)“The keystone of the Factories Act, 1948 is safety first and safety last”.
Comment.
24)Define the term ‘Worker’ and discuss the provisions relating to ‘Working Hours of
Adults’ and ‘Employment of young persons’ under the Factories Act, 1948
25)State and explain the provisions relating to ‘Health and Welfare’ under the
Plantations Labour Act, 1951.
26) Who can appoint Chief Inspector or inspector? What are the conditions of
appointing Inspector? What are Roles, duties and powers of Chief Inspector and
Inspector Mines Act 1952
27)Who can appoint Certifying surgeon? What are the conditions of appointing
surgeons? What are Roles and duties of Certifying surgeon Mines Act 1952
28)Provisions to health and safety as per mines act
29)Hours of work, overtime wages, employment of women, leave with wages as per
mines act 1952
30)Write a note on mines act 1952
31)Explain the provisions relating to ‘Hours of work and limitation of Employment’
under the Mines Act, 1952.
32)Prospecting licences and mining leaves under the Mines and Minerals.
( Regulation and Development ) Act .
33) Examine the salient features of the Bombay Shops and Establishment Act,
1947.
34)Explain the provisions relating to ‘working hours of shops and commercial
establishments’ under the Bombay Shops and Establishments Act, 1948.
35)Salient features of Bombay Shops and Establishments Act, 1948.
36)Define the term ‘Establishments’ and state the provisions relating to ‘Registration
of Establishments’ under the Bombay Shops and Establishments Act, 1948.
37)Define the term Commercial Establishment and discuss the provisions under the
Bombay Shops and Establishments Act, 1948 regarding hours of work, opening
and closing hours and spread over in shops and commercial establishments.
38) Whether workmen engaged by a contractor not holding a valid licence under the
Contract Labour ( Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970 can be treated as a
workman of the principal employer ?
39)Explain the features relating to labour welfare envisaged under the contract
labour (Abolition) Act, 1972.
40)Note on Licensing of contractors as under contract act 1970
41)Welfare and health of workmen as under contract act 1970
42)Responsibility of payment of wages as under contract act 1970
43)Write a note on registration of establishment as under contract act 1970
44)Objective and applicability of the contract act. Explain concept of Contractor,
workmen, principal employer advisory boards
45)Explain the following with reference to the Child Labour (Prohibition and
Regulation) Act, 1986 the Prohibition of employment of children in certain
occupations and processes
46)Explain notice to inspector with reference to the Child Labour (Prohibition and
Regulation) Act, 1986
47)Examine the provisions relating to ‘Health and Safety’ under the Child Labour
(Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986.
48) ExplainThe Building and Other Construction Workers’ (Regulation of
Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996 in brief.
49)Explain the ISMW act in brief
 PAPER-IV: SOCIO-LEGAL RESEARCH METHODS (Probable Questions)

1) How does socio-legal research stand apart from social science research?
Illustrate with examples the advantages/disadvantages of socio-legal research
perspectives vs social science research perspectives.
2) Let’s suppose a researcher aims for understanding the status of level of
compliance with labour and environmental regulations in the food and beverage
industry. In case s/he follows survey technique, how should the interview
schedule for the producers be developed?
3) What are the advantages and disadvantages of survey technique from the
perspective of both qualitative and quantitative socio-legal research?
4) What do you mean by focus group discussion? When is focus group discussion
applicable? Elaborate with examples.
5) Let’s suppose a researcher aims for understanding the status of level of
compliance with labour and environmental regulations in the food and beverage
industry. How will the study be designed methodologically taking both qualitative
and quantitative approaches into consideration?
6) What is the importance of measures of central tendencies in quantitative
analyses? Illustrate your answers with examples and figures if applicable.
7) What do you mean by case study? How many types of case studies may be
conducted in socio-legal research? Elaborate your answer with examples.
8) What do you understand by case studies? When is the case study method
applicable in socio-legal research? What are the limitations of case studies?
Answer with examples.
9) Elaborate the advantages and disadvantages of case studies in the context of a
socio-legal research problem.
10)How do you plan for a case study analysis?
11)What is the context in which Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) would be
applicable? How would you plan for a PRA? Elaborate your answer with
examples.
12)Explain the tools of PRA with examples.
13)Develop the steps for PRA within a context of your choice.
14)What are the advantages and/or disadvantages of PRA?
15)What are the applications of PRA? What are the scopes of PRA?
16)What do you mean by SWOT analysis? Elaborate with examples.
17)When is the SWOT analysis applicable? Elaborate with the help of examples.
18)Discuss the advantages of SWOT analysis.
19)Explain the limitations of SWOT analysis.
20)Compare the advantage and/or disadvantages of qualitative and quantitative
methodologies of socio-legal research in your own words.
21)Explain the steps of undertaking a focus group discussion.
22)What are the criteria of undertaking focus group discussion?
 23)When is survey method applicable in socio-legal research? What do you think
are the advantages and limitations of survey method?
24)Let’s suppose a researcher is willing to study the status of women workers in
construction sector. Who will be the stake holders needed to be interviewed in
this context? Develop the survey instruments for any of those stake holders in
this context.
25)Discuss the various types of legal research with examples.
26)How many types of sampling methods are generally being followed in socio-legal
research? Discuss the sample designs that help in generalisation of the results.
27)Describe the non-probability sampling techniques with examples.
28)What do you mean by ethnographic research? How do you connect ethnographic
research with case studies?
29)Describe the elements of SWOT analysis with examples.
30)Discuss the steps to design a framework for quantitative analysis in socio-legal
research.
31)Compare the applicability, purpose, advantages, disadvantages, and limitations
of Survey, FGD, Case studies, PRA and SWOT analysis.
32)How many types of reports are you familiar with? Compare between two widely
used techniques of referencing.
33)Discuss the components of academic and informative reports.
34)Find the mean median mode of
7, 2, 1, 3, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14 ,21 ,23 ,30, 8 ,5 ,8 ,1 ,3 , 8, 8, 8,12 ,14
35)Find the appropriate measure of coefficient of variation for the following

LCL-UCL F
less than 9 1
10_19 2
20-29 4
30-39 4
more than 40 3

36)Discuss the differences between primary and secondary data

37)Discuss the various methods of data collection. Mention their advantages and
disadvantages

PAPER-V: WAGES AND SOCIAL SECURITY LEGISLATIONS (Probable Questions)

1) Define the unorganized worker as per unorganized social security act? What are
the various schemes they get? Explain the schemes in brief.
2) Who can be appointed as payment of wages Authority? What are the powers and
functions?
3) The Payment of Wages Act, 1936 provides that the wages are to be paid in a
particular form at regular intervals and without any unauthorized deductions”.
Explain?
4) What is the meaning of ‘deduction’ under the Payment of Wages Act, 1936?
What authorized deductions are permissible under the Payment of Wages Act,
1936?
5) What are the powers and functions of Inspectors under the Payment of Wages
Act, 1936? And what are the facilities to be afforded to Inspectors? Explain.
6) Who can appeal under the Payment of Wages Act, 1936? And when can the
appeal be made under the Payment of Wages Act, 1936? Explain.
7) What is the penalty for delay of payment of wages under Payment of Wages Act,
1936?
8) Explain the claims arising out of deductions from wages or delay in payment of
wages and provision of appeal under the Payment of Wages Act, 1936.
9) Discuss payment of wages act , 1936 with its important features
10)Examine the salient features of minimum wages Act, 1948.
11)Enumerate the procedure for fixing and revising the minimum wages under
Minimum Wages Act, 1948?
12)How is the ‘minimum wage’ fixed, revised and paid to the employees under
Minimum Wages Act, 1948? Explain.
13)What is the remedy available for non- payment of ‘minimum wage’ under
Minimum Wages Act, 1948? Explain.
14)Who can be appointed as an authority to decide claims under Minimum Wages
Act, 1948? What are the powers and duties of the authority so appointed under
the Act? Discuss.
15)What are the types of wages so recognized under the Minimum Wages Act,
1948?
16)Explain the provisions relating to adjudication of claim of a workman aggrieved
by payment of wages less than the minimum wage.
17)Explain with reference to Minimum Wages Act, 1948 Exemption of Employer
from liability
18)Explain with reference to Minimum Wages Act, 1948 Bar of suits and contracting
out
19)Examine the provisions relating to the fixing the minimum wages under the
Minimum Wages Act, 1948.
20)Distinguish between Minimum Wage, Fair Wage and Living Wage with reference
to decisions of courts.
21)What is the eligibility for Bonus under Payment of Bonus Act, 1965? And what
are the disqualifications for Bonus under Payment of Bonus Act, 1965?
22)Explain ‘payment of minimum bonus and ‘payment of maximum bonuses under
the Payment of Bonus Act, 1965?
23)How can the bonus be recovered which is due from an employer under the
Payment of Bonus Act, 1965? What is the penalty imposed on the employer on
nonpayment of bonus under the Payment of Bonus Act, 1965? Explain.
24)What is the meaning of “bonus” under Payment of Bonus Act, 1965?
25)Workman A is a part-time employee in an establishment. Is he eligible for bonus
under Payment of Bonus Act, 1965?
26)Are seasonal workers who have worked for not less than 30 working days,
eligible for bonus under Payment of Bonus Act, 1965?
27)Explain the sums deductible from gross profits and payment of minimum and
maximum bonus with reference to the Payment of Bonus Act, 1965.
28)Discuss the concept of employee following relating to Payment of Bonus Act,
1965.
29)Discuss the concept of ‘Set on’ and ‘Set off’ of allocable surplus relating to
Payment of Bonus Act, 1965.
30)What is available surplus? Explain the computation of available surplus.
31)Explain the scope of expressions ‘‘asking out of ’’ and ‘‘in the course of’’ under
the Employees’ Compensation Act, 1923.
32)Explain the powers of the Commission to determine the liability of employees to
pay compensation under the Employees’ Compensation Act, 1923.
33)Who is the authority responsible for the regulation of Employees’ Compensation
Act, 1923? What are the powers and functions of this authority? What is the
jurisdiction of this authority? Explain.
34)In light of the Employees’ Compensation Act, 1923, solve the following:
a. Mr. X, a driver on a bus belonging to a company was involved in an
accident. It resulted in his death. He was working for a continuous period
of 1 year immediately preceding the accident and was earning Rs. 1,
20,000/-. He died at the age of 42 years and the relevant factor for the
same (178.49). Calculate the compensation amount so payable to Mr. X at
the time of his death? Show steps for calculation.
b. Mr. “Bamboo” was a lorry driver, while driving the vehicle in a jungle road;
he saw a rabbit on road. In order to impress his wife and further to have
the rabbit for supper, he instantly decided to kill the rabbit by driving the
lorry over it. He drove the lorry with heavy speed, which led to him losing
control of the vehicle, resulting in an accident and finally his death. His
beloved wife, the widowed Mrs. Bamboo has contended that her husband
died in an accident arising out of and in the course of his employment.
Decide, stating your reasons for the same with the help of court cases?
35)Who is an Employee under the Employees’ Compensation Act, 1923? Who is an
employer under the same Act? What is Employer's liability for compensation?
Discuss the above with examples.
36)What is the procedure for calculation or determination of amount of
compensation under the Workmen’s (Employees’) Compensation Act 1923?
Discuss.
37) Define an ‘accident’. When it is said to arise out of and in the course of an
employment under the Workmen’s (Employees’) Compensation Act 1923?
 Further explain the theory of notion extension of employment under the
Workmen’s (Employees’) Compensation Act 1923?
38)Who is the Commissioner and what are his powers under the Employees’
Compensation Act, 1923? Explain.
39)What is the meaning of “partial disablement” under Workmen’s (Employees’)
Compensation Act 1923?
40)What is the meaning of “total disablement” under Workmen’s (Employees’)
Compensation Act 1923?
41)When an employer is liable to pay compensation under Workmen’s (Employees’)
Compensation Act 1923?
42)What are the benefits envisaged under the Employees’ State Insurance Act,
1948?
43)Explain the provisions relating to payment of contribution and necessary of the
same in case of default under the Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948.
44)Objective and applicability of the ESI act
45)Notes on duties and power of Inspector under the ESI act.
46)Discuss about EDLI
47)Write a note on Employees Pension Scheme.
48)Distinguish between the Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923 and the Employees
State Insurance Act, 1948.
49)How is the gratuity amount determined under the Payment of Gratuity Act 1972?
Explain.
50) Who can be nominated for the payment of gratuity amount in the absence of the
employee under the Payment of Gratuity Act 1972? Explain.
51)What is the meaning of “gratuity” under the Payment of Gratuity Act 1972?
52)What is the objective of Payment of Gratuity Act 1972?
53)When is gratuity payable under the Payment of Gratuity Act 1972?
54)What are the circumstances in which the gratuity payable to a workman can be
forfeited?
55)Discuss the provisions of payment of Gratuity Act, 1972
56)Examine the provisions of the payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 regarding payment
of Gratuity and nomination in favour of family member.
57)Analyze the relevant provisions of Employees Provident Funds Act 1952 that
speak of coverage and exemption.
58)What are the amounts realizable from employer as dues under 5.8 of Employees
Provident Fund Act 1952? Explain the modes of recovery of dues under the Act.
59)What contributions can be made by the employer to the Provident Fund under
the Provident Fund & Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952? Discuss.
60)Briefly discuss the schemes available to an employee under the Provident Fund
& Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952?
61)How is the determination of money due from an employer done under the
Provident Fund & Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952? Discuss.
62)What are the various schemes available under the Provident Fund &
Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952?
63)What is the scope and objective of Provident Fund & Miscellaneous Provisions
Act, 1952?
64)What happens to a person’s Provident Fund contribution if a person leaves their
present employer under the Provident Fund & Miscellaneous Provisions Act,
1952?
65)Differentiate between withdrawal before retirement and after retirement according
to EPF 1952
66)Settlement of claims under EPF 1952
67)Define ‘Basic Wages’ and state the provisions relating to ‘Contribution’ under the
Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952.
68) “The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 regulates employment of women in certain
establishments for a certain period before and after childbirth and provides for
maternity and other benefits”. In light of the above statement discuss the
Maternity Benefit Act, 1961?
69)What are the benefits a woman can avail during pregnancy under the Maternity
Benefit Act, 1961? Explain.
70)Who is the inspector and what are his powers and duties under the Maternity
Benefit Act, 1961? Explain.
71)The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 is a social welfare legislation enacted to
empower women during pregnancy. Discuss.
72)What is the objective of the Maternity Benefit Act, 1961?
73)What is the meaning of “maternity benefit” under the Maternity Benefit Act, 1961?
74)Can a woman be dismissed or discharged from work because of absence due to
pregnancy under the Maternity Benefit Act, 1961?
75)Is crèche facility necessary under the Maternity Benefit Act, 1961?
76)Cash and non cash benefits as per maternity benefit act 1961
77)Discuss the salient features of maternity Benefit Act, 1961.
78)Objective applicability and eligibility of maternity benefit act 1961.
79)Write short notes on Equal Remuneration Act 1976
80)What is the objective of Equal Remuneration Act, 1976?
81)What are the duties of employer under the Equal Remuneration Act, 1976?
82)What is the meaning of “remuneration” under the Equal Remuneration Act,
1976?
83)State the object, application and non-application of the Equal Remuneration Act,
1976.
84)Notes on Work of similar nature under the Equal Remuneration Act, 1976
85)Mrs. X is the only female worker from a religious minority section among other
female and male workers in the organization. Because of her religious identity
she is often subjected to racist comments and jokes in her workplace. Is there an
act of sexual harassment or not? Can she file a complaint of sexual harassment?
Which is the appropriate forum where she can file this complaint if there is an act
of sexual harassment?
86)Solve the following problem under the Sexual Harassment of Women at
Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act 2013:
a. Two co-workers, male and female, go out to lunch every day. While in the
office, they joke around in their cubicles, often in a sexual way, with both
people making jokes about appearance and sexual prowess of the other.
Neither complains. But sometimes the joke is heard quite clearly by other
 co- workers making them embarrassed or uncomfortable. One another
female co-worker who sits right next to their cubicle has a reasonable
belief that most of the jokes are subjected towards her. Does a case of
sexual harassment exist or not? Who is the ‘aggrieved woman’ and who is
the ‘respondent’ in this case? Which is the appropriate forum where she
can file this complaint if there is an act of sexual harassment? How will the
inquiry be conducted??
87)What is ‘hostile work environment’ kind of sexual harassment at workplace under
the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and
Redressal) Act 2013? What is the penalty for non compliance with provisions of
the Act? When will the Court take cognizance of the offence of act of sexual
harassment?
88)What is Internal Complaint Committee under the Sexual Harassment of Women
at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act 2013? Where should
the Internal Complaints Committee be located? Who are the members of the
Internal Complaint Committee? Discuss.
89)Can contents of complaint and inquiry proceedings be made public under the
Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and
Redressal) Act 2013? What is the penalty for publication or making known
contents of complaint or inquiry under the Act? Discuss.
90)Who can file a complaint and how a complaint is filed Sexual Harassment of
Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 and
prepared? What are the provisions for reconciliations