SLIDE 8

There are numerous approaches to protecting biodiversity like creation of parks and
protected areas, establishment of natural reserves, implementation of integrated
conservation and development projects (ICDP), ETC. They vary in strictness of
conservation in terms of human consumptive uses.
SLIDE 10
Launched in 1986, it is the first Conservation Area and largest Protected Area in
Nepal. The natural and cultural features of ACA have made it the most popular
trekking destination in the country, attracting a majority of the country’s total
trekkers.
SLIDE 12
box 1
Studies are showing that ecotourism is reducing poverty and doing more to protect
local environments and even improve their conditions.
One concrete example of the improvement possible was seen in Fiji, where ecotourism
encouraged the protection of a fishery. The fish population had collapsed, but when
ecotourism created jobs, such as diving guides, and the protected area gave the
populations a chance to recover, local incomes doubled over five years. When the
local community can be active in determining its best course and is given proper
assistance from the government - in this case, policing of the fishing zones to
prevent sea poaching by outsiders - everyone can benefit. Efforts like ecotourism
show locals and governments alike that land can be reclaimed and is worth
conserving for generations to come.
Box 2 conservation
As local communities begin to see their natural resources as sources of tourist
income, the communities may work harder to protect those resources. In many cases,
locals find work as tour guides and discover that their jobs depend on local
conservation efforts.
Box 3 opportunity
People with more education were less likely to be environmentally destructive. If
tourists are sympathetic to the needs of various rural communities worldwide, they
will encourage others to do the same and many will even be prompted to get more
politically involved. If fragile ecosystems are given more support at the
governmental level, they are far more likely to survive and thrive for generations
to come.
box 4 government funding
In Costa Rica, ecotourism's popularity led to the creation of several national
parks and reserves, which established a protected wildlife corridor.

SLIDE 14
Negative Economic Effects of Tourism
Unexpected and unforeseeable events such as terrorism, political upheaval,
impactful weather conditions and natural disasters can wreak havoc on a region,
negatively affecting inbound tourism for considerable periods of time. The more
dependent a destination is on tourism, the more the impact will be felt and the
longer recovery will take.
Loss of the cultural identity of the place and community
To satisfy the needs of the tourists often the locals need to change their
traditional style of life. Shops are supplied with products for tourists, hotels
are designed and built in a “western” style, small family restaurants become pubs
because of the demand. Slowly a small sleepy town becomes a party place that never
sleeps. And local people have no choice but to adapt.

SLIDE 15
For example, it’s ok to wear shorts in Bali. However, if you travel to other
islands in Indonesia, such attire may offend the locals. In India and Nepal, you
should not shake hands or pass the money with your left hand. In some cases you may
get scolded by the people, in others, you may get yourself in the jail.Some people
may get tempted by the easy money from tourists and decide to enter into criminal
activities. This leads to increased crime and anti-social activities, and loss of
moral and religious values.
Increased prices on goods and services
Tourist areas tend to be more expensive than in other places. While it’s good for
the business owners, this can negatively affect the locals. During the high tourist
season, the prices of essential goods rise, making them less affordable for the
locals.

SLIDE17
By attracting tourists and encouraging them to stay longer, conservancies can
bolster the local economy while providing extra land for wildlife. For example
Safaris are responsible for protecting and conserving large areas of land in Africa
and supporting the activities of conservation organizations through the collection
of park fees and the payment of leases.

SLIDE 18
Destination Flyways is project led by the UNWTO to protect migration routes for
millions of birds. During their migration, birds depend upon a chain of sites in
multiple countries for breeding, staging and wintering. The sites are often
protected, but external pressures continue to grow. By working to develop tourism
projects close to them, UNWTO is using tourist income to help preserve this
important feature of our planet’s biodiversity.

SLIDE 19
A major factor in Misool’s success is the marine protection area that surrounds it.
They fund a team of rangers to patrol it. Sometimes these kinds of restrictions
impact the livelihoods of locals. But in this instance it has been beneficial. The
fish don’t know about the boundaries of the protection zone, so they swim out of
it. Local fishermen have seen catches increase since its introduction.
A resort in indonesia in West Papua

SLIDE 21
Pic 1 Very often the infrastructure is built without any sustainable development
plan or environment protection policies.

pic 2 Hong Kong as an example of excessive use of natural resources in the densely
populated area. We keep forgetting that tourism puts enormous stress on local land
use and can lead to soil erosion. In some areas, the buildings sink in the ground
under their own weight. Construction of new infrastructure (roads, airports) and
buildings oftentimes destroys the soil.These effects can gradually destroy the
environmental resources on which tourism itself depends.

SLIDE22
Pic 1 The more people are in one place, the more waste is accumulated. Like plastic
waste, such as water bottles, takeaway containers, different packaging, plastic
bags, etc.The cleaning systems have to process a much bigger amount of sewage
waters. An increasing number of people constantly adds pressure. And unfortunately,
some places don’t have any cleaning systems in place, and the sewage waters go into
the ocean untreated. Boracay in the Philippines is a great example of what can
happen to a paradise when it becomes a victim of overtourism and how responsible
government should fix the situation.

pic 2 Wherever you go for your vacation you can pretty much always see tours that
offer an animal experience.In Asia, it would be an elephant safari. If you are
visiting Greece, then it’s donkey rides. And in South Africa, it’s popular to take
pictures with lion cubs. And on top of that, we have circuses, oceanariums and just
street vendors where animals participate in shows to entertain the tourists.Many
people participate in such activities because they actually love animals and want
to get closer to them. And they simply don’t know what happens behind the scene. So
it’s important to raise awareness about these issues. If you want to have an
ethical wildlife experience, check out these tips which will help you to find one.