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People with special needs

Preprint · October 2018

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.17036.16002

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Ali Mohammed Yaseen Al Hashemi

University of Misan
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 People with special needs

They are individuals who suffer as a result of genetic or environmental factors

acquired by the inability to To learn or acquire the experience, skills and performance of
the work done by the normal healthy individual Cultural, economic or social
background .

Characteristics of people with special needs

It is necessary to have several qualities in the person to be called as having special
needs , Including : Having problems in body and structure functions , and difficulty
moving and doing Activities in addition to the existence of barriers to participation
in the normal life .
Disability, disability and vulnerability
Weakness is the loss or disruption of some functions of mental processes, physical or
anatomical within the body compared to the mechanism of work in natural persons,
andcauses the occurrence of disability despite the ability to perform daily functions ; as a
result of weakness of the muscular system of a child at the age of 3 could not walk As do
peers who are like his age, this is called disability .
Disability is a term used when people with special needs are unable to take care of
themselves and meet their needs because of the lack of facilities and tools . It is not a
description of a situation but an expression of the individual's relationship to the
surrounding environment . For example, a person with blindness is unable to read,
and therefore can not go to school or work, that is , disability .
But if the necessary equipment and devices that help him to read, he is able to learn and
work smoothly and easily . It should be noted here that all people with special needs suffer
from weakness , And all the disabled are people with special needs , but not all people
with special needs of the disabled .
 Types of disabilities

1 - Physical : ( Physical ): Loss of part or more of the body parts that affect movement, or
malfunction , such as paralysis
2 - Sensory : Loss of sense or lack of sense, such as deafness and blindness
3 - Mental : Loss of mind, or a shortage in it ( Retardation
4 - Psychic : With visible effects and disorders such as : The introvert , Schism , Anxiety

Causes of disability
The causes of disability are divided into two main reasons : 1 - Genetic causes .
2 - Environmental causes .
- Genetic causes : It is transmitted by heredity from LG's generation to any of the parents
L. Z sons by genes on chromosomes in the cells. Although they contribute less percentages
of environmental causes, but they are present and these cases : Such
as hemophilia , mental weakness (prepare for bleeding), diabetes, Zahrani, and genetic
deficiency in thesecretions of the thyroid gland leads to a lack of physical and mental
growth.

- Environmental causes : Environmental causes or factors are not found within the living
organism, but outside the body, but go hand in hand with the genetic factors and go in an
interactive relationship with them .: Such as the mother's infection with certain diseases
and viruses during pregnancy, which in turn leads to the deformities of the fetus
( birth defects ) .. The birth of the child before the time can be bleeding brain, large size
and faltering birth, neglect in the cleanliness of the child at birth or The incidence of
various diseases of neglect in the dates of vaccination, Accidents, and injuries .
 Ways to prevent disability
1 - Call to limit the marriage of relatives .
2 - Advice and guidance to reduce childbearing in families that prove that their members
are infected with hereditary diseases .
3 - Pre-marital medical examination .
4 - The need for maternal and fetal health care during pregnancy and childbirth .
5 - Immunization of children against various diseases, especially poliomyelitis .
6 - Guidance on the importance of improving the healthy environment to avoid viral or
bacterial infection or the adverse impact of non-potable water .
7 - Child care .
8 - Raising awareness of road hazards and accidents .

How to deal with people with special needs

•Speak in a respectful manner and with the same respect that we give to others.
•Speak directly with them without resorting to intermediaries.
•Be patient with them.
•Take into account that if we were in the situation of people with special needs to
understand more what they feel.
•Assist them in a sincere and respectful manner.
•Avoid joking with the two seats and those who use crutches.
•Taking into account that people with special needs have the ability to develop their
abilities and rely on themselves.
•When seeing a person with a disability, avoid a strong reaction, such as surprise or stare
to avoid embarrassing him.
•Do not take the lead in helping unless asked, and be away from compassion.
•Positive talk with him, and stay away from complaining about your own problems.
•If a person seats, be talking to him while you are sitting to be at the same level of his look.

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