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ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE SHEAR WALLS

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ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE SHEAR WALLS

By
AHMAD JAMSHID SADID
2010CES7553

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Submitted
In partial fulfillment of the requirement of the degree of

MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY

to the
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DELHI
JULY 2012
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that M.Tech. thesis entitled “Analysis of Composite Shear Walls "
submitted by Ahmad Jamshid Sadid (2010CES7553), in fulfillment of the requirement for
the award of the degree of Master of Technology, in Structural Engineering in the
department of Civil Engineering of Indian Institute of Technology Delhi is a record of
bonafide work carried out by him under guidance and supervision.
The content of the report have not been submitted to any other university or institute for
the award of any degree or diploma.

Prof. A.K. Nagpal

Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
New Delhi – 110016

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Above all, I would like to thanks and praise to the almighty the source of mercy and
compassion whose blessings continually descending upon me, have provided and guided
me with all the channels to work in cohesion and coordination to make this study possible
and bring it to its successful conclusion.

Foremost, I feel great pleasure and privilege to express my deep sense of gratitude,
indebtedness and thankfulness towards my supervisor, Prof. A K. Nagpal for his
invaluable guidance, constant supervision and continuous support throughout the course.
His wide knowledge and logical way of thinking have been of great benefit for me. His
pertinent critical views have greatly helped me in successful completion of my work. It
was my pleasure working under his guidance. I really enjoyed the supervision and
company of such big technocrats.

I shall also express my thankfulness to my friends of M. Tech. course of Structural

Engineering, who have helped me in understanding the subject through discussions. The
kind cooperation of all those who helped directly or indirectly in completion of this work
are acknowledge herewith.

I would like to take this opportunity to express my deep gratitude to my parents for
their love and support throughout my entire education.

July 2012 Ahmad Jamshid Sadid

IIT DELHI 2010CES755

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 ABSTRACT

The use of common reinforced concrete shear walls in high rise buildings is
sometimes limited because of the large amount of reinforcement localized at the end of
the element. A good alternative in avoiding this disadvantage is to use composite steel
concrete structural shear walls. This solution used for high rise buildings, offers to
designers lateral stiffness, shear capacity and high bending resisting moment of structural
walls. Until now in the national and international literature poor information about
nonlinear behavior of composite steel concrete structural shear walls with steel is
available. A theoretical program related to the behavior of steel concrete structural shear
walls is developed in this report. The program refers to tow different model of composite
shear walls named innovative and traditional. The paper presents the results of numerical
analysis with details of shear capacity and load deflection of the two types of the wall.

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 Table of Content
CERTIFICATE v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v
ABSTRACT v
Table of Content v
List of Figures v
List of Graphs v
List of Tables v
Chapter One: Introduction 1-6
1.1 General 1
1.2 Main Components of a Composite Shear Wall 2
1.2.1 Steel Plate 3
1.2.2 Reinforced Concrete (R/C) Wall 3
1.2.3 Shear Connectors 4
1.2.4 Boundary Columns 5
1.2.5 Boundary beams 5
1.2.6 Connections of shear wall to boundary members 5
1.2.7 Beam-to-column connections 5
1.3 Aim and Scope 6
1.4 Methodology 6
Chapter Two: Literature Review 7-11
Chapter Three: Structural Systems Using Composite Walls 12-13
3.1 Structural Systems Using Composite Wall 12
Chapter Four: Experimental Details and FE Modeling of CSW 14-38
4.1 Introduction 14
4.2 Detail of Experimental Specimens 16
4.3 Finite Element Modeling of the Specimens and Analytical Studies 21
4.3.1 Modeling of individual parts 23
4.3.2 RC wall to steel plate connection by shear connectors (bolts) 24
4.3.3 Beam to Column Connection 25
4.3.4 Boundary Conditions 25
4.3.5 Material Properties: 27
4.3.6 Loading History 27

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4.4 Comparison of Innovative CSW wall with Traditional CSW 30
4.5 In Plane Displacement vs. Shear Connectors for Composite Shear Walls 32
4.6 Comparison of Steel Plate Shear Walls with Composite Shear Walls 38
Chapter Five: Conclusion 44-45
5.1 Conclusion: 44
References 46
Appendix A 48
Appendix B 50

List of Figures
Fig. 1. Components of a Composite Shear Wall 2
Fig. 2. Some Types of Composite Shear Walls 4
Fig. 3. Typical Steel Structure with Composite Shear Walls 12
Fig. 4. Main Components of Type I Composite Shear Wall 14
Fig. 5. Function of Gap in the Innovative Composite Shear Wall System 15
Fig. 6. Generic Structures and Test Specimen 16
Fig. 7. Front View of the Specimen 17
Fig. 8. Test Set-up 18
Fig. 9. Loading Sequence Applied to the Specimens 18
Fig. 10. Specimen with Gap around Concrete Wall 22
Fig. 11. FE Modeling of each Parts of Composite Shear Wall 23
Fig. 12. Slide Plane Connection and Bolt Position 24
Fig. 13. Boundary Condition of the Model 25
Fig. 14. Specimen Modeled by Abaqus 26
Fig. 15. Loading Sequence Applied to the Specimens 27
Fig. 16. Model Dimensions and Specifications 33
Fig. 17. Model Dimensions 39
Fig. 18. Specimen Modeled by Abaqus 41

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 List of Graphs
Graph 1. Activator Shear Force vs. Third Story Drift of the Specimen 20
Graph 2. Shear Force vs. Third Story Drift of the Model 28
Graph 3. Shear Load vs. Third Story Drift of Experimental and FE Model 29
Graph 4. Top load vs. Third story drift for model one (Traditional) 30
Graph 5. Top Load vs. Third Story Drift for Model Two (Innovative) 30
Graph 6. Top Load vs. Third Story Drift for Both Models 31
Graph 7. Lateral Load vs. Bolt Spacing for 4 in Concrete Thick 34
Graph 8. Lateral Load vs. Bolt Spacing for 2.5 in Concrete Thick 35
Graph 9. Lateral Load vs. Bolt Spacing for 2 in Concrete Thick 35
Graph 10. Lateral Load vs. Bolt Spacing for 1.5 in Concrete Thick 36
Graph 11. Lateral Load vs. Bolt spacing for 1 in Concrete Thick 36
Graph 12. Lateral Load vs. Bolt Spacing for all Models 37
Graph 13. Shear Load vs. Displacement for CSW 42
Graph 14. Shear Load vs. Displacement for SPSW 42

List of Tables
Table 1. Properties of Test Specimens 17
Table 2. Properties of Modeled Specimen 33
Table 3. Concrete Thickness in Each Model 34
Table 4. Distance between Shear Studs and Number of Shear Studs in Models 34
Table 5. Material Properties of Steel used in the Model 38
Table 6. Material Properties of Concrete and Reinforcement used in the Model 39
Table 7. Behavioral characteristics of the models 40

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 Chapter One

Introduction

1.1 General

Shear walls have been widely used as lateral load resisting system in concrete
buildings in the past, especially in high-rise buildings.

Mostly it is seen that concrete shear walls with steel boundary is used in steel
buildings to resist seismic effects which has several disadvantages during large cyclic
displacements, and can result in spalling and splitting failure of the wall and lead to
serious deterioration of stiffness and reduction in strength, development of tension cracks
and localized compressive crushing is the most important one during seismic events.

By comparing to other systems such as braced frames or moment frames the

reinforced concrete walls in a steel building, in addition to the casting and curing, makes
the construction not so efficient.

In recent years, regarding construction efficiency and economy, steel plate shear wall
has been used in numbers of buildings and achieved satisfactory results. However, overall
buckling of the steel plate shear wall will result in reduction of shear strength, stiffness
and energy dissipation capacity of the whole system. It could be prevented by adding
stiffeners to the steel plate as often done in so countries, which, however, will result in
additional fabrication costs.

The connections of the boundary frame can undergo relatively large cyclic rotations
as well as somehow larger inter-story drifts, due to relatively large inelastic deformations
of the panel, in structures with steel shear walls .On the other hand, in steel buildings,
composite shear walls can combine the advantages of the reinforced concrete shear wall
and steel shear wall together to increase and stimulate the usage of shear wall systems.

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1.2 Main Components of a Composite Shear Wall

Steel wall, concrete wall, boundary columns, boundary beams, shear connectors,
connection of steel wall to boundary beams and columns, and beam-to-column
connections are the main components of composite shear walls as shown in Figure 1 [8].

In the following sections these components and role of these components in overall
performance of composite shear walls will be discussed.

Fig. 1. Components of a Composite Shear Wall

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1.2.1 Steel Plate

It is a relatively thin steel plate works as an element of shear walls. Hence so thin
plates cannot be easy to work on during fabrication and manufacturing so plates thinner
than 4.8 mm are not recommended [8]. In addition such thin plates may require a large
number of shear connectors to postpone plate buckling until yielding of the plate occurs.

In shear walls it is common to use high strength steel plates. In a composite shear wall
providing shear strength and stiffness as well as shear ductility is the main role of the
steel plate. Also steel plate part takes, but limited, to resist overturning moment.

In a composite shear wall the steel plate resists story shear by shear yielding, an
advantage over the steel plate shear walls where story shear is resisted through
development of diagonal tension field action.

The concrete wall provided bracing to steel plate and prevents its buckling prior to
reaching yielding is the reason that in composite shear walls steel plate is able to almost
reach its yield point in shear. So it is certain that the concrete wall acts as stiffeners and
prevents buckling of plate it is also certain that the concrete wall itself, by developing
compression diagonal field, carries some of the story shear.

1.2.2 Reinforced Concrete (R/C) Wall

Reinforced concrete walls can be connected to one side of a steel plate shear wall,
Figure 2(a) or both sides of a steel plate shear wall, Figure 2(b and c) or the R/C wall can
be sandwiched between two steel shear walls, Figure 2(d) [8]. In all of these cases, the
R/C wall provides shear strength and stiffness, through its compression field, and some
ductility depending on the amount of reinforcement in the wall.

The R/C wall also participates in resisting overturning moment. The R/C wall can be
cast-in-place wall or pre-cast. One of the important roles of the R/C wall is to prevent
buckling of steel plate wall. This is done by connecting the steel plate to the R/C wall
using shear connectors.