Immunization

Definition of immunization:
•Immunization is the process
whereby a person is made immune or
resistant to an infectious disease,
typically by the administration of a
vaccine. Vaccines stimulate the body’s
own immune system to protect the
person against subsequent infection or
disease.
WELL VISIT &IMMUNIZATION
SCHEDULE
Birth Hep B
2 months DTap , Hip , Ipv ,
pcv, Rota , Hep
B.
4 months DTap , Hip , Ipv ,
pcv , Rota
6 months DTap, Hip, Ipv ,
pcv , Rota , Hep
B
12 months MMR, Varicella,
Hep A, DTap,
Hip , PCV
15 months CBC lead level
18 months Hep A
2 year Hep A
4 year DTap, IPV,
MMR, Varicella
11 year Tdap, MCV4
12 year Tdap booster

14 year MCV4
Types of immunization :
,There are 4 main types of vaccines:
1- Live-attenuated vaccines.
2- Inactivated vaccines.
3- Subunit, recombinant,
polysaccharide, and conjugate
vaccines.
4- Toxoid vaccines.
Reaction to immunization:
1- Most are reactions at the shot site
(such as pain, swelling, redness) .
2- General reactions (such as a fever
or being fussy) may also occur .
3- Local Reactions. Shot sites can have
swelling, redness and pain. Most
often, these symptoms start within
24 hours of the shot. They most
often last 3 to 5 days. With the
DTaP vaccine, they can last up to 7
days.
4- Fever with most vaccines begins
within 24 hours and lasts 1 to 2 days
5- Delayed Reactions. With the MMR
and chickenpox shots, fever and
rash can occur. These symptoms
 start later. They usually begin
between 1 and 4 weeks.
6- Anaphylaxis. Severe allergic
reactions are very rare, but can
occur with any vaccine. They start
within 2 hours.
Importance of immunization

1. Your child's vaccines protect his or

her health and the health of your
community.
2. Vaccine-preventable diseases can
easily be carried by viruses and
bacteria to children and adults who
have not received vaccines.
3. It only takes one child who has
not been vaccinated to catch a deadly
disease and spread it to others. As an
example, pertussis, also known as
whooping cough, is spread easily, and
may at first seem like a common cold.
Another disease, diphtheria.
Complication of
immunization:
1- The most common side effects
are soreness at the injection
site, fever, headache, or
dizziness, which may only last a
few days.
2- Many symptoms that occur
after the shot are not from the
vaccine. A baby's immune
system goes through many
changes during the first year of
life, when many vaccines are
given and the vaccine process
can cause mild side effects.
3- Although most patients do not
suffer serious side effects, the
chance of a harsh reaction is
possible.
4- Allergic reaction .
5- Anaphylaxis .
6- Bacterial contamination
,Septicaemia .
7- Normal toxicity or reactivity .
Nursing role in Immunizing
children
1. Be prepared for life threating
reaction when ever immunizing
children .
2. At every visit/encounter child’s
immunizations record should be
reviewed .
3. Review child’s allergies (food and
medicine) .
4. Review potential contraindications
to each vaccines .
5. Review past immunization history
for past reactions .
6. Assess child for anxiety and fear
related to administration
7. Obtain informed consent
8. In females of child bearing age
(11-50) perform rapid urine HcG
(pregnancy test) before administering
Live vaccines (MMR/Varicella).
9. Parent and patient education
about the need for specific
vaccinations, risk of not getting
vaccination and getting dieses and
potential side effects of vaccine.
10. Record vaccines administered in
patients chart and vaccine record
(card)Give patient and parent current
VIS (vaccine information statement)
 in appropriate language before
discharge .
11. Monitor child for 15 minutes post
vaccination.
12. Report all vaccine related
reactions using the federal VAERS
(vaccine adverse reaction reporting .
system) and as per institution policy.
13. Maintain current knowledge.
14. Assess current immunization .
15. Be skilled in vaccine
administration.
16. Discuss immunization clinics .
17. Ensure long-term tracking.
18. Keep documentation .
19. Discuss follow-up care .
20. Educate parents about local and
systemic, allergic reactions .
21. Address unique concerns of each
family .
22. Before giving any immunization ,
recheck the specific protocols for
administration and schedules for
administration .
23. Follow manufacturer's guidelines
for immunization storage,
administration, routes, and site of
administration .
24. Encourage parents of young
children to immunization.
25. keep a journal of the child's
immunization status, with dates of
immunizations and reactions .
26. .All health care providers
responsible for reporting vaccine-
preventable diseases .
27. Contraindications for vaccines .
28. Report adverse reactions (VAERS) .