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Tangent Line to a Curve: A line is tangent to a curve at a point P if the line and curve pass through the point with the same direction;
the tangent line is the best linear approximation to the curve at a point
change in position
Average Velocity: The velocity over a brief time interval; average velocity =
time elapsed
Instantaneous Velocity: The rate at which an object is moving at a particular moment.

1) The table below shows the number of heartbeats in t minutes. Estimate the number of heartbeats per minute
(heart rate) after 39 minutes using secant line between the points with the given values of t.

t (min) 30 33 36 39 42
Heartbeats 2480 2695 2921 3128 3339
a. 𝑡 = 30 and 𝑡 = 39 b. 𝑡 = 33 and 𝑡 = 39

c. 𝑡 = 36 and 𝑡 = 39 d. 𝑡 = 39 and 𝑡 = 42

2) Suppose and astronaut standing on the moon threw a candy bar with initial velocity of 53 meters per second. The
height of the candy bar is given by the equation ℎ(𝑡) = 58𝑡 − 8.3𝑡 2 where t is the number of seconds after the
astronaut threw the candy bar. (a) Find the average velocity over the given time intervals. (b) Estimate the velocity
when t = 1.
a. [1, 1.1] b. [1, 1.01]

c. [0.9, 1] d. [0.99,1]

3) The point 𝑃(−1, −2) lies on the parabola 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥. Let Q be the point (𝑥, 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥). Find the slope of the
secant line PQ for the following values of x. Then estimate the slope of the tangent line to the curve at 𝑃(−1, −2).
a. -0.9 b. -1.1

c. -0.99 d. -1.01