Carlos Zepeda

Name: Cannabinopiod
Generic Name: Morphine/Cannabidiol
PHARM-140

Cannabinoids as antioxidants and neuroprotectants

US Government Patent 6630507 B1
Introduction: Cannabinoids have been found to have antioxidant properties, unrelated to
NMDA receptor antagonism. This new found property makes the cannabinoids useful in the
treatment and prophylaxis of wide variety of oxidation associated diseases, such as ischemic,
age-related, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The cannabinoids are found to have
particular application as neuroprotectants, for example in limiting neurological damage
following ischemic insults, such as stroke and trauma, or in the treatment of neurodegenerative
diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and HIV dementia. Nonpsychoactive
cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol, are particularly advantageous to use because they avoid
toxicity that is encountered with psychoactive cannabinoids at high doses useful in the method of
the present invention.

Morphine Sulfate

Brand Name: Cannabinopiod

Generic Name: Morphine/Cannabidiol
Class: Analgesic Agent, Antioxidant, Neuroprotectant, Antiepileptic, Anti-
inflammatory, Anxiolytic, Antipsychotic, Anticancer
Dosage Form: Intranasal/Sublingual/Intravenous 5mg/500mg, 2mg/600mg,
15mg/420mg
Mechanism of Action: The effect of cannabidiol can be explained on the basis of
the function of the cannabinoid receptor system, which consists of CB receptors (CB1, CB2),
endoligands to activate these receptors and an enzyme--fatty acid amidohydrolase--to metabolize
the endoligands. The endoligands of the cannabinoid receptor system are arachidonic acid-like
substances, and are called endocannabinoids. Indications exist that the body also contains
arachidonic acid-like substances that inhibit fatty acid amido hydrolase. Various cannabinoids
have diverse effects on the receptors, functioning as agonists, antagonists or partial antagonists,
as well as affecting the vanilloid receptor. Many known effects of cannabidiol can be explained
on the basis of this mechanism of action as can the use of cannabidiol in various conditions
including multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, glaucoma, nausea, vomiting and rheumatoid
arthritis. Morphine: Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS, causing inhibition of ascending pain
pathways, altering the perception of an response to pain; produces generalized CNS depression.

Indication: Relief of moderate-to-severe acute and chronic pain: relief of pain of

myocardial infarction, pulmonary edema, pre-anesthetic medication. Useful in the treatment and
prophylaxis of wide variety of oxidation associated diseases, such as ischemic, age-related,
inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Cannabidiol are found to have particular application as
neuroprotectants, for example in limiting neurological damage following ischemic insults, such
as stroke and trauma, or in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's
disease, Parkinson's disease and HIV dementia. Nonpsychoactive cannabinoids, such as
cannabidoil, are particularly advantageous to use because they avoid toxicity that is encountered
with psychoactive cannabinoids at high doses useful in the method of the present invention. The
brain has many redundant blood supplies, which means that its tissue is seldom completely
deprived of oxygen, even during acute ischemic events caused by thromboembolic events or
trauma. A combination of the injury of hypoxia with the added insult of glutamate toxicity is
therefore believed to be ultimately responsible for cellular death. Hence if the additive insult of
glutamate toxicity can be alleviated, neurological damage could also be lessened. Anti-oxidants
and anti-inflammatory agents have been proposed to reduce damage, but they often have poor
access to structures such as the brain (which are protected by the blood brain barrier).

Side effects: Cannabidiol: Several studies suggest that CBD is non-toxic in non-
transformed cells and does not induce changes on food intake, does not induce catalepsy, does
not affect physiological parameters (heart rate, blood pressure and body temperature), does not
affect gastrointestinal transit and does not alter psychomotor or psychological functions. Also,
chronic use and high doses up to 1,500 mg/day of CBD are reportedly well tolerated in humans.
Conversely, some studies reported that this cannabinoid can induce some side effects, including
inhibition of hepatic drug metabolism, alterations of in vitro cell viability, decreased fertilization
capacity, and decreased activities of p-glycoprotein and other drug transporters. Morphine
sulfate: Central nervous system: Amnesia agitation, anxiety, apathy, apprehension, ataxia, chills,
coma, delirium, depression, slurred speech, euphoria, restlessness, and somnolence

Pregnancy category: C
References: