CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS

Inquiry 1 (Page 70)

4. Yes, the planes are intersect one another.
5. There are 3 shown axes, which are the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis. The linear equation in
three variables form a plane on each of those axes.
Inquiry 2 (Page 71)
4. There are 2 shown axes, which are the x-axis and y-axis. Each linear equation in two
variables form a straight line on each of those axes.
Self Practice 3.1 (Page 72)
1. Let x represents pants, y represents shirts and z represents shoes.
Thus, the linear equation in three variables is 3x + 2y + z = 750.
2. (a) 2m + 6n – 12p = 4
5m – n + p = 0
18m + 5p = 0
Yes, because all the three equations have three variables, m, n and p with the
power of the variables is 1. The equation has 0 for the value of n.
(b) 12e – f 2 – 6eg = 0
8e – 2f – 9g = –6
e – 17f = –6
No, because there are equations that has variables with power of 2.
(c) 7a – 6b – c = 0
10a + b + 4c = 3
1a + b – 2c = 0
6
Yes, because all the three equations have three variables, a, b and c with the power of
the variables is 1.
Inquiry 3 (Page 72)
3. Yes, there is an intersection point between three planes. The intersection point is
(1, −2, 3).
4. The intersection point (1, −2, 3) is the solution for those three linear equations.
Inquiry 4 (Page 72)
3. Those three planes do not only intersect on one point but also intersect on one straight
line.

1
 Inquiry 5 (Page 73)
3. Those three planes do not have any intersection point.
Mind Challenge (Page 75)
3x – y – z = –120 …1
y – 2z = 30 …2
x + y + z = 180 …3
1 + 3: 4x = 60
x = 15
3 – 2: x + 3z = 150…4
Substitute x = 15 into 4.
15 + 3z = 150
z = 45
Substitute x = 15 and z = 45 into 3.
15 + y + 45 = 180
y = 120
x = 15, y =120 and z = 45, thus the solution that is obtained is the same as Example 3 that is
solved by the substitution method.
Self Practice 3.2 (Page 76)
1. (a) 7x + 5y − 3z = 16 … 1
3x − 5y + 2z = −8 …2
5x + 3y − 7z = 0 …3
1 + 2: 10x − z = 8 …4
2 × 3: 9x − 15y + 6z = −24 …5
3 × 5: 25x + 15y − 35z = 0 …6
5 + 6: 34x – 29z = −24 …7
4 × 29: 290x − 29z = 232 …8
8 − 7: 256x = 256
x=1
Substitute x = 1 into 4.
10(1) − z = 8
−z = −2
z=2
Substitute x = 1 and z = 2 into 1.
7(1) + 5y − 3(2) = 16
5y = 15
y=3
Thus, x = 1, y = 3 and z = 2 are the solutions for this system of linear equations.

2
 (b) 4x − 2y + 3z = 1 …1
x + 3y − 4z = −7 …2
3x + y + 2z = 5 …3

2 × 4: 4x + 12y − 16z = −28 …4

4 − 1: 14y − 19z = −29 …5

2 × 3: 3x + 9y −12z = −21 …6
6 − 3: 8y − 14z = −26 …7

5 × 8: 112y − 152z = −232 …8

7 × 14: 112y − 196z = −364 …9
8 − 9: 44z = 132
z=3
Substitute z = 3 into 5.
14y − 19(3) = −29
14y – 57 = –29
14y = 28
y=2
Substitute y = 2 and z = 3 into 1.
4x − 2(2) + 3(3) = 1
4x + 5 = 1
4x = −4
x = −1
Thus, x = −1, y = 2, and z = 3 are the solutions for this system of linear equations.
2. (a) 2x + y + 3z = −2 …1
x − y − z = −3 …2
3 x − 2y + 3z = −12 …3
From 1, y = –2 – 2x – 3z…4
Substitute 4 into 2.
x – (–2 – 2x – 3z) – z = –3
x + 2 + 2x + 3z – z = –3
3x + 2z = –5
z = –5 – 3x …5
2
Substitute (4) ke dalam
4 into 3 (3).
2
3x – 2(–2 – 2x – 3z) + 3z = –12
3x12 + 4 + 4x + 6z + 3z = –12
7x + 9z = –16…6
Substitute 5 into 6. 6
( )
7x + 9 –5 – 3x = –16
2
14x – 45 – 27x = –32
13x = –13
x = –1
3
Substitute x = –1 into 5.
–5 – 3(–1)
z=
2
= –1
Substitute x = –1 and z = –1 into 2.
–1 – y – (–1) = –3
y=3
Thus, x = −1, y = 3 and z = −1 are the solutions for this system of linear equations.
(b) 2x + 3y + 2z = 16 …1
x + 4y − 2z = 12 …2
x + y + 4z = 20 …3
From 3, x = 20 – y – 4z …4
Substitute 4 into 1.
2(20 – y – 4z) + 3y + 2z = 16
40 – 2y – 8z + 3y + 2z = 16
y – 6z = –24
y = 6z – 24 …5
Substitute 4 into 2.
(20 – y – 4z) + 4y – 2z = 12
3y – 6z = –8 …6
Substitute 5 into 6.
3(6z – 24) – 6z = –8
18z – 72 – 6z = –8
12z = 64
z = 64
12
= 16
3
Gantikan z = 16 keinto
Substitute 5 . 5.
dalam
3
( )
y = 6 16 – 24
3
=8
Gantikan z = 16 and y = 8 into 3.
Substitute
3
( )
x + 8 + 4 16 = 20
3
3x + 64 = 36
3x = –28
x = – 28
__
3

Thus, x = – __ __ are the solutions for this system of linear equations.

28 , y = 8 and z = 16
3 3

4
Self Practice 3.3 (Page 77)
1. P + Q + R = 24 500 …1
0.04P + 0.055Q + 0.06R = 1 300 …2
P = 4Q …3
Substitute 3 into 1.
4Q + Q + R = 24 500
5Q + R = 24 500
R = 24 500 – 5Q…4
Substitute 3 into 2.
0.04(4Q) + 0.055Q + 0.06R = 1 300
0.215Q + 0.06R = 1 300 …5
Substitute 4 into 5.
0.215Q + 0.06(24 500 – 5Q) = 1 300
0.215Q + 1 470 – 0.3Q = 1 300
−0.085Q = −170
Q = 2 000
Substitute Q = 2 000 into 3.
P = 4(2 000)
= 8 000
Substitute P = 8 000 and Q = 2 000 into 1.
8 000 + 2 000 + R = 24 500
R = 14 500
Thus, the amount of money in unit trust account P is RM8 000, Q is RM2 000 and
R is RM14 500.
2. Let x represents carnation, y represents rose and z represents daisy.
x + y + z = 200 …1
1.50x + 5.75y + 2.60z = 589.50 …2
y = z − 20 …3
Substitute 3 into 1.
x + (z − 20) + z = 200
x + 2z – 20 = 200
x = 220 – 2z…4
Substitute 3 into 2.
1.50 x + 5.75(z − 20) + 2.60z = 589.50
1.50x + 5.75z – 115 + 2.60z = 589.50
1.50x + 8.35z – 115 = 589.50
1.50x + 8.35z = 704.5 …5
Substitute 4 into 5.
1.50(220 – 2z) + 8.35z = 704.5
330 – 3z + 8.35z = 704.5
5.35z = 374.5
z= 70
5
 Substitute z = 70 into 3.
y = z – 20
= 70 – 20
= 50
Substitute y = 50 and z = 70 into 1.
x + 50 + 70 = 200
x = 80
Thus, the number of carnations is 80, roses is 50 and daisies is 70.

3. Let x represents pens, y represents pencils and z represents notebooks.

5x + 3y + 9z = 102 …1
5x = 3y …2
x + y = z …3

From 2, y = __
Daripada 5 x …4
3
[ ( )]
5x + 5x + 9 x + 5 x = 102
3
( )
10x + 9 8 x = 102
3
34x = 102
x=3
Substitute x = 3 into 4.
5x
y = __
3
=5

Substitute x = 3 and y = 5 into 3.

z= 3+5
=8
Thus, the number of pens is 3, pencils is 5 and notebooks is 8.

Intensive Practice 3.1 (Page 78)

1. (a) Let x represent the largest angle, y represent the second largest angle and z represent the
smallest angle.
x + y + z = 180 …1
x − 20 = y + z …2 x −
10 = 3z 3 …
From 3, x = 3z + 10 …4

Substitute 4 into 1.
3z + 10 + y + z = 180
y + 4z = 170 …5

6
 Substitute 4 into 2.
3z + 10 − 20 = y + z
−y + 2z = 10…6

5 + 6: 6z = 180
z = 30

Substitute z = 30 into 4.
x = 3(30) + 10
= 100.

Substitute z = 30 into 5.
y + 4(30) = 170
y = 50
Thus, the measurement for each angle in the triangle is 100°, 50° and 30°.
(b) Let x represents the first number, y represents the second number and z represents
the third number.
x + y + z = 19 …1
2x + y + z = 22 …2
x + 2y + z = 25 …3
2 − 1: x=3
2 − 3: x − y = −3 …4
Gantikan xx== 33ke
Substitute ke dalam
into . 4.
dalam 4.
3 − y = −3
y=6
Substitute x = 3 and y = 6 into 1.
3 + 6 + z = 19
z = 10
Thus, the values for those numbers are 3, 6 and 10.
2. (a) Elimination method:
x + y + z = 3 …1
x + z = 2 …2
2x + y + z = 5 …3
3 − 1: x = 2
Substitute x = 2 into 2.
2+z=2
z=0
Substitute x = 2 and z = 0 into 1.

2+y+0=3
y=1
Thus, x = 2, y = 1 and z = 0 are the solutions for this system of linear
equations.

7

…1
…2
…3
From 2, x = 2 − z …4
Substitute 4 into 1.
2 − z + y + z = 3
y=1
Substitute 4 into 3.
2(2 − z) + y + z = 5
4 − 2z + y + z = 5
−z + y = 1 …5
Substitute y = 1 into 5.
−z + 1 = 1
z=0
Substitute z = 0 into 4.
x=2−0
=2
Thus, x = 2, y = 1 and z = 0 are the solutions for this system of linear equations.
(b) Elimination method:
2x + y − z = 7 …1
x − y + z = 2 …2
x + y − 3z = 2 …3
3 − 2: 2y − 4z = 0 …4
2 × 2: 2x − 2y + 2z = 4 …5
1 − 5: 3y − 3z = 3 …6
4 × 3: 6y − 12z = 0 …7
6 × 2: 6y − 6z = 6 …8
8 − 7: 6z = 6
z=1
Substitute z = 1 into 4.
2y − 4(1) = 0
2y = 4
y=2
Substitute y = 2 and z = 1 into 2.
x−2+1=2
x=3

Thus, x = 3, y = 2 and z = 1 are the solutions for this system of linear equations.

8
Substitution method:
2x + y − z = 7 …1
x − y + z = 2 …2
x + y − 3z = 2 …3
x = y − z + 2 …4
Substitute 4 into 1.
2(y − z + 2) + y − z = 7
2y − 2z + 4 + y − z = 7
3y − 3z = 3
y–z= 1
y= 1+z …5
Substitute 4 into 3.
y − z + 2 + y − 3z = 2
2y − 4z = 0 …6
Substitute 5 into 6.
2(1 + z) – 4z = 0
2 + 2z – 4z = 0
2z = 2
z= 1
Substitute z = 1 into 5.
y=1+1
y=2
Substitute y = 2 and z = 1 into 4.
x=2–1+2
x=3
Thus, x = 3, y = 2 and z = 1 are the solutions for this system of linear equations.
(c) Elimination method:
x + y + z = 3 …1
2x + y − z = 6 …2
x + 2y + 3z = 2 …3
3 − 1: y + 2z = −1 …4
1 × 2: 2x + 2y + 2z = 6 …5
5 − 2: y + 3z = 0 …6
6 − 4: z=1
Gantikan zz== 11ke
Substitute into
dalam
4. 4.
y + 2(1) = −1
y = −3
Substitute y = −3 and z = 1 into 1.
x + (−3) + 1 = 3
x−3+1=3
x=5
Thus, x = 5, y = –3 and z = 1 are the solutions for this system of linear equations.
9
 Substitution method:
x + y + z = 3 …1
2x + y − z = 6 …2
x + 2y + 3z = 2 …3

From 1, x = −y − z + 3…4
Substitute 4 into 2.
2(−y − z + 3) + y − z = 6
−2y − 2z + 6 + y − z = 6
−y − 3z = 0
y= –3z …5
Substitute 4 into 3.
−y − z + 3 + 2y + 3z = 2
y + 2z = −1 …6
Substitute 5 into 6.
–3z + 2z = –1
z=1
Substitute z = 1 into 5.
y = –3(1)
y = −3
Substitute y = −3 and z = 1 into 1.
x + (−3) + 1 = 3
x−3+1=3
x=5

Thus x = 5, y = −3 and z = 1 are the solutions for this system of linear equations.
(d) Elimination method:
2x – y + z = 6 …1
3x + y – z = 2 …2
x + 2y – 4z = 8 …3
2 + 1: 5x = 8
x= 8
5
1 × 2: 4x – 2y + 2z = 12 …4
3 + 4: 5x – 2z = 20 …5

Gantikan x = 8 keinto
Substitute dalam 5.
5
( )
5 8 – 2z = 20
5
8 – 2z = 20
2z = –12
z = –6

10
 Substitute x = 8 and z = –6 into 1.
5
( )
2 8 – y + (–6) = 6
5
16 – y – 6 = 6
5
y = –  44
5
Thus, x = 8 , y = – 44 and z = –6 are the solutions for this system of linear equations.
5 5
Substitution method:
2x – y + z = 6 …1
3x + y – z = 2 …2
x + 2y – 4z = 8 …3

From 1, x= 6+y–z …4
2
Substitute 4 into 2.
3 6+y–z +y–z=
( ) 2
2
18 + 3y – 3z + 2y – 2z = 4
5y – 5z = –14
5y = –14 + 5z…5
Gantikan 4 ke into
Substitute dalam 3.
6 + y – z + 2y – 4z = 8
( )
2
6 + y – z + 4y – 8z = 16
5y – 9z = 10…6
Substitute 5 into 6.
–14 + 5z – 9z = 10
4z = –24
z = –6
Substitute z = –6 into 5.
5y = –14 + 5(–6)
5y = –44
y = –  44
5

Substitute y = – 44 and z = –6 into 1.

5
( )
2x – –  44 + (–6) = 6
5
2x = 16
5
x= 8
5
Thus x = 8 , y = – 44 and z = –6 are the solution for this system of linear equations.
Therefore,
5 5

11
(e) Elimination method:
x + y + 2z = 4 …1
x + y + 3z = 5 …2
2x + y + z = 2 …3
2 – 1: z=1
3 – 2: x – 2z = –3 …4
Substitute z = 1 into 4.
x – 2(1) = –3
x = –1
Substitute x = –1 and z = 1 into 1.
(–1) + y + 2(1) = 4
y=3
Thus, x = –1, y = 3 and z = 1 are the solutions for this system of linear equations.
Substitution method:
x + y + 2z = 4 …1
x + y + 3z = 5 …2
2x + y + z = 2 …3
From 1, x = 4 – y – 2z …4
Substitute 4 into 2.
4 – y – 2z + y + 3z = 5
z=1
Substitute 4 into 3.
2(4 – y – 2z) + y + z = 2
8 – 2y – 4z + y + z = 2
y + 3z = 6 …5
Substitute z = 1 into 5.
y + 3(1) = 6
y=3
Substitute y = 3 and z = 1 into 4.
x = 4 – 3 – 2(1)
= –1

Thus, x = –1, y = 3 are the solutions for this system of linear equations.
(f) Eliminition method:
x + 2y + z = 4 …1
x – y + z = 1 …2
2x + y + 2z = 2 …3

1 – 2: 3y = 3
y=1

12
 Substitute y = 1 into 3.
2x + 1 + 2z = 2
2x + 2z = 1 …4
3 + 2: 3x + 3z = 3
x+z=1
x = 1 – z …5
Substitute 5 into 4.
2(1 – z) + 2z = 1
2 – 2z + 2z = 1
0 ≠ –1
Thus, this equations has no solution.

Substitution method:
x + 2y + z = 4 …1
x – y + z = 1 …2
2x + y + 2z = 2 …3
x = 4 – 2y – z …4
Substitute 4 into 2.
4 – 2y – z – y + z = 1
3y = 3
y=1
Substitute 4 and y = 1 into 3.
2(4 – 2(1) – z) + 1 + 2z = 2
2(2 – z) + 1 + 2z = 2
4 – 2z + 1 + 2z = 2
0 ≠ –3
Thus, this equations has no solution.

3. Let x represents butterscotch bread, y represents chocolate bread and z represents

coconut bread.
x + y + z = 2 150 …1
2x + 3y + 4z = 6 850 …2
x + 1.50y + 1.50z = 2 975 …3

3 − 1: 0.5y + 0.5z = 825 …4

1 × 2: 2x + 2y + 2z = 4 300 …5
2 − 5: y + 2z = 2 550 …6
4 × 2: y+z= 1 650 …7
6 − 7: z= 900
Substitute z = 900 into 7.
y + 900 = 1 650
y = 750

13
 Substitute y = 750 and z = 900 into 1.
x + 750 + 900 = 2 150
x = 500
Thus, the number of butterscotch bread is 500 loaves, the amount of chocolate bread is
750 loaves and the amount of coconut bread is 900 loaves.
4. Let x represents small flower pots, y represents medium flower pots and z represents large
flower pots.
x = y + z …1
y = 2z …2
10x + 15y + 40z = 300 …3
Substitute 2 into 1.
x = 2z + z
= 3z …4
Substitute 2 and 4 into 3.
10(3z) + 15(2z) + 40z = 300
30z + 30z + 40z = 300
100z = 300
z=3
Substitute z = 3 into 2.
y = 2(3)
=6
Substitute z = 3 into 4.
x = 3(3)
=9
Thus, the minimum amount for small, medium and large flower pots is 9, 6 and 3
respectively.
5. Let x represents chickens, y represents rabbits and z represents ducks. The system
of equation formed is
20x + 50y + 30z = 1 500 …1
x + y + z = 50 …2
x = z …3
Substitute 3 into 1
20x + 50y + 30x = 1 500
50x + 50y = 1 500
x + y = 30 …4
Substitute 3 into 2
x + y + x = 50
2x + y = 50 …5
5 – 4: x = 20 …6
Substitute x = 20 into 4
20 + y = 30
y = 10
Thus, the number of chickens is 20, rabbits is 10 and ducks is 20.
14
 Inquiry 6 (Page 79)
3. Statement 1: Let x represents width and y represents length.
2x + 2y = 200
xy = 2 400
The number of equations is two with two variables.
Statement 2: Let x represents width and y represents length.
2x + 2y = 800
xy = 30 000
The number of equations is two with two variables.
Statement 3: Let x represents the first number and y represents the second number.
x–y=9
xy = 96
The number of equations is two with two variables.
Inquiry 7 (Page 80)
3. The intersection point for the liner equation x + 2y = 10 and non-linear equation y2 + 4x = 50
is the solution for both equations. The solution for both of these equations is known as
solution of simultaneous equations.
Mind Challenge (Page 80)
2x + y = 4 …1
y2 + 5 = 4x …2
From 1, y = 4 – 2x …3
Substitute 3 into 2.
(4 – 2x)2 + 5 = 4x
16 – 16x + 4x2 + 5 = 4x
4x2 – 20x + 21 = 0
(2x – 3)(2x – 7) = 0
2x – 3 = 0   , 2x – 7 = 0
x= 3 x= 7
2 2
Substitute x = 3 and x = 7 into 3.
2 2
y=4–2 ( )
3
2
, y=4–2 7
2 ( )
= 1 = –3

Thus, x = 3 , y = 1 and x = 7 , y = –3 are the solutions to these simultaneous equations.

2 2
The same solution is obtained in Example 7.
Self Practice 3.4 (Page 82)
1. (a) Substitution method:
2x − y = 7 …1
y2 − x(x + y) = 11 …2
y = 2x − 7 …3
15
 Substitution 3 into 2.
(2x − 7)2 − x(x + 2x − 7) = 11
4x – 28x + 49 – x2 – 2x2 + 7x = 11
2

x2 − 21x + 38 = 0
(x − 19)(x − 2) = 0
x – 19 = 0   , x – 2 = 0
x = 19 x=2

Substitution x = 19 into 3.
y = 2(19) − 7
= 31
Substitution x = 2 into 3.
y = 2(2) − 7
= −3

Thus, x = 19, y = 31 and x = 2, y = −3 are the solutions to these simultaneous equations.

Graph representation:

Thus, x = 19, y = 31 and x = 2, y = −3 are the solutions to these simultaneous equations.

(b) Eliminition method:

5y + x = 1 …1
x + 3y2 = −1 …2
2 – 1: 3y2 – 5y + 2 = 0
(3y – 2)(y – 1) = 0
3y – 2 = 0 y–1=0
y= 2 y=1
3

16
Substitution y = 2 into 1.
3
( )
5 2 +x=1
3
x=–7
3
Substition y = 1 into 1.
5(1) + x = 1
x = −4
Thus, x = − 7 , y = 2 and x = −4, y = 1 are the solutions to these simultaneous equations.
3 3
Kaedah penggantian:
5y + x = 1 …1
x + 3y2 = −1 …2
From 1, x = 1 − 5y …3
Substitute 3 into 2.
1 − 5y + 3y2 = −1
3y2 − 5y + 2 = 0
(3y – 2)(y – 1) = 0
3y – 2 = 0 or y–1=0
y= 2 y=1
3
Substitute y = 2 into 3.
3
x=1−5 2 ( )3
= −  7
3
Substitute y = 1 into 3.
x = 1 – 5(1)
= −4
Thus, x = − 7 , y = 2 and x = −4, y = 1 are the solutions to these simultaneous equations.
3 3
Graph represented:

Thus, x = − 7 , y = 2 and x = −4, y = 1 are the solutions to these simultaneous equations.

3 3
17
(c) Substitution method:
y = 3 – x …1
1 – 1 = 2 …2
x y
Substitution 1 into 2.
1 – 1 = 2 …3
x 3–x
3 × x(3 − x): 3 − x − x = 2x(3 − x)
3 − 2x = 6x − 2x2
2x − 8x + 3 = 0
2

–(–8) ± ! (–8)2 – 4(2)(3)

x=
2(2)
8 ± ! 40
=
4
8 + ! 40 8 – ! 40
x= x=
4 4
= 3.5811 = 0.4189

Substitution x = 3.5811 into 1.

y = 3 − 3.5811
= −0.5811

Substitution x = 0.4189 into 1.

y = 3 − 0.4189
= 2.5811
Thus, x = 3.5811, y = −0.5811 and x = 0.4189, y = 2.5811 are the solutions to these
simultaneous equations.
Graph represented:

Thus, x = 3.5811, y = −0.5811 and x = 0.4189, y = 2.5811 are the solutions to these
simultaneous equations.

18
(d) Elimination method:
3x + 5y = 1 …1
x + 2y = 4 …2
y
2 × 3: 3x + 6y = 12 …3
y
3 – 1: y = 12 – 1
y
y2 + y – 12 = 0
(y + 4)(y – 3) = 0
y + 4 = 0 y–3=0
y = –4 y=3

Substitution y = –4 into 1.
3x + 5(–4) = 1
3x = 21
x=7

Substitution y = 3 into 1.
3x + 5(3) = 1
3x = –14
x = –  14
3
 14 , y = 3 are the solutions to these simultaneous equations.
3
Substitution method:
3x + 5y = 1 …1
x + 2y = 4 …2
y
x = 4 − 2y …3
y
Substitute 3 into 1.
( )
3 4 – 2y + 5y = 1
y
12 – 6y + 5y = 1
y
12 – y – 1 = 0
y
y2 + y – 12 = 0
(y + 4)(y – 3) = 0
y + 4 = 0 or y–3=0
y = –4 y=3

19
 Substitute y = −4 into 3.
x = 4 – 2(–4)
– 4
=7

Substitute y = 3 into 3.
x = 4 – 2(3)
3
= –  14
3
Thus, x = 7, y = −4 and x = – 14 , y = 3 are the solutions to these simultaneous equations.
3
Graph representation:

Thus, x = 7, y = −4 and x = – 14 , y = 3 are the solutions to these simultaneous equations.

3
(e) Substitution method:
2x + 4y = 9 …1
4x2 + 16y2 = 20x + 4y −19 …2

From 1, x = 9 – 4y …3
2
Substitution
Substitute 3 into 2.

( )
4 9 – 4y + 16y2 =
2
2
( )
20 9 – 4y + 4y −19
2
( )
4 81 – 72y + 16y + 16y2 =
2
10(9 – 4y) + 4y −19
4
81 – 72y + 16y2 + 16y2 = 90 – 40y + 4y – 19
32y2 – 36y + 10 = 0
16y2 – 18y + 5 = 0
(8y – 5)(2y – 1) =0
8y – 5 =
0 or 2y – 1 = 0
y= 5 y= 1
8 2

20
 Substitute y = 5 into 3.
8

x=
9–4 5 ( )
8
2
= 13
4
Substitute y = 1 into 3.
2

x=
9–4 1 ( )
2
2
= 7
2
Thus, x = 13 , y=
Maka, 5 and x= 7 , y= 1 are the solutions for these simultaneous equation.
4 8 2 2
Graph representation:

Thus x = 13 , y= 5 and x= 7 , y= 1 are the solutions for these simultaneous equation.

Maka,
4 8 2 2
(f) Substitution method:
x + y – 4 = 0 …1
x – y2 – 2xy = 2 …2
2

From 1, x = 4 – y …3

Substitute 3 into 2.
(4 – y)2 – y2 – 2y(4 – y) = 2
16 – 8y + y2 – y2 – 8y + 2y2 = 2
2y2 – 16y + 14 = 0
y2 – 8y + 7 = 0
(y – 1)(y – 7) = 0
y–1= 0 y–7=0
y= 1 y=7

21
 Substitute y = 1 into 3.
x=4–1
=3
Substitute y = 7 into 3.
x=4–7
= –3
Thus, x = 3, y = 1 and x = –3 , y = 7 are the solutions for these simultaneous equation.

Graph representation:

Thus, x = 3, y = 1 and x = –3 , y = 7 are the solutions for these simultaneous equation.

2. (a)
y

30
25
20
15
10
5
x
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
–5
–10
–15
–20
–25

The solutions for these simultaneous equation are (–4.3, –1.7) and (4.0, 2.5).

22
 (b) y
6

x
–4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
–1

–2

–3

–4

–5

The solutions to these simultaneous equations are (–1.2, –3.2) and (2.9, 0.9).
Self Practice 3.5 (Page 84)
1. Let x represents the length while y represents the width.
xy = 72 …1
2x + 2y = 34 …2

From 1, x = 72 …3
Daripada
y
Gantikan 3 ke
Substitute intodalam 2.
2( )
72
y
+ 2y = 34…4

4 × y: 144 + 2y2 = 34y

2y2 − 34y + 144 = 0
y2 − 17y + 72 = 0
(y − 9)(y − 8) = 0
y–9=0 or y–8= 0y
=9 y=8

Substitute y = 9 into 3.
x = 72
9
=8

Substitute y = 8 into 3.
x = 72
8
=9
Thus, the possible length and width of the plank are 8 cm and 9 cm respectively.

23
2. Perimeter of the pond: 2y + 2(12 − x) = 20
2y + 24 − 2x = 20
−2x + 2y = −4
−x + y = −2…1

10x + (10 − y)(12 − x) = 96

10x + 120 − 10x − 12y + xy = 96
xy − 12y + 120 = 96
xy − 12y = −24…2

From 1, y = x − 2…3

Substitute 3 into 2.
x (x − 2) − 12(x − 2) = −24
x2 − 2x − 12x + 24 = −24
x2 − 14x + 48 = 0
(x − 8)(x − 6) = 0
x – 8 = 0 x–6=0
x=8 x=6

Substitute x = 8 into 3.
= 8 −2 y
=6

Substitute x = 6 into 3.
= 6 −2 y
=4

Thus, the values of x and y are 8 cm and 6 cm or 6 cm and 4 cm respectively.

Intensive Practice 3.2 (Page 84)

1. (a) x − 3y + 4 = 0 …1
x + xy − 40 = 0
2
…2

From 1, x = 3y − 4 …3

Substitute 3 into 2.
(3y − 4)2 + (3y − 4)y − 40 = 0
9y2 − 24y + 16 + 3y2 − 4y − 40 = 0
12y2 − 28y − 24 = 0
3y2 − 7y − 6 = 0
(y − 3)(3y + 2) = 0
 
2
3

24
 Substitute y = 3 into 3.
x = 3(3) − 4
=5

Substitute y = – 2 into 3.
3
( )
x = 3 –  2 − 4
3
= −6
Thus, x = 5, y = 3 and x = −6, y = – 2 are the solutions to these linear equations.
3
(b) k − 3p = −1 …1
p + pk − 2k = 0 …2

From 1, k = 3p − 1 …3

Substitute 3 into 2.
p + p(3p − 1) − 2(3p − 1) = 0
p + 3p2 − p − 6p + 2 = 0
3p2 − 6p + 2 = 0
–(–6) ± ! (–6)2 – 4(3)(2)
p=
2(3)
6 + ! 12 6 – ! 12
p= or p =
atau
6 6
= 1.5774 = 0.4226

Substitute p = 1.5774 into 3.

k = 3(1.5774) − 1
= 3.7322

Substitute p = 0.4226 into 3.

k = 3(0.4226) − 1
= 0.2678
Thus, k = 3.7322, p = 1.5774 and k = 0.2678, p = 0.4226 are the solutions to
these simultaneous equations.

2. x –
2y
= 1.…1
y x
2x + y = 3.…2

From 2, y = 3 − 2x…3

Substitute 3 into 1.
x – 2(3 – 2x) = 1…4
3 – 2x x

25
 4 × x(3 − 2x): x2 − 2(3 − 2x)2 = x(3 − 2x)
x − 2(9 − 12x + 4x2) = 3x − 2x2
2

x2 − 18 + 24x − 8x2 = 3x − 2x2

−5x2 + 21x − 18 = 0
5x2 − 21x + 18 = 0
(5x − 6)(x − 3) = 0
5x – 6 = 0 or x–3= 0x
= 6 x=3
5
Substitute x = 6 into 3.
5
y=3−2 6
5 ( )
= 3
5
Substitute x = 3 into 3.
y = 3 − 2(3)
= −3
6 3
Thus, the intersection coordinates are 5 , 5( ) and (3, –3).
3. Substitute(–2, 2) into the equation.
2 + 1 (2) = h
2 2
h = −2
1 + 2 =k
(–2) 2
k = 1
2
1
x + y = −1 …1
2
1 + 2 = 1 …2
x y 2
From 1, y = −2x − 2…3

Substitute 3 into 2.
1 + 2 = 1 …4
x (–2x – 2) 2
4 × x(–2x – 2): –2x – 2 + 2x = 1 x(–2x – 2)
2
–2 = –x2 – x
x2 + x – 2 = 0
(x – 1)(x + 2) = 0
x–1= 0 or x+2=0
x= 1 x = –2

Substitute x = 1 into 3.
y = −2(1) − 2
= −4

26
 Substitute x = −2 into 3.
y = −2(−2) − 2
=2
Thus, x = 1, y = −4 is another solution for these simultaneous equation.
4. x2 + (x + y)2 = (2x + 3)2 …1
x + x + y + 2x + 3 = 30
4x + y = 27 …2
From 2, y = −4x + 27…3
Substitute 3 into 1.
x2 + (x − 4x + 27)2 = (2x + 3)2
x2 + (−3x + 27)2 = (2x + 3)2
x2 + 9x2 − 162x + 729 = 4x2 + 12x + 9
6x2 − 174x + 720 = 0
x2 − 29x + 120 = 0
(x − 24)(x − 5) = 0
x – 24 = 0 or x–5= 0x
= 24 x=5
Substitute x = 24 into 3.
y = −4(24) + 27
= −69 (Ignore)
Substitute x = 5 into 3.
y = −4(5) + 27
=7
Thus, the possible value for x and y are x = 5, y = 7 respectively.
5. 2x2 + 4xy = 66 …1
8x + 4y = 40
2x + y = 10 …2

From 2, y = −2x + 10…3

Substitute 3 into 1.
2x2 + 4x(−2x + 10) = 66
2x2 − 8x2 + 40x = 66
−6x2 + 40x − 66 = 0
3x2 − 20x + 33 = 0
(3x − 11)(x − 3) = 0
3x – 11 = 0 or x–3=0
x = 11 x=3
3

27
 Gantikan x = 11 into 3.
Substitute
3
( )
y = −2 11 + 10
3
= 8
3
Substitute x = 3 into 3
y = −2(3) + 10
=4

Isi padu = 11 × 11 × 8
Volume Or
atau Volume
Isi padu = 3 × 3 × 4
3 3 3
= 35.8519 cm3 = 36 cm3
Thus, the
Maka, possible
isi padu yangvolume for the
mungkin bagicuboid
kuboidareitu35.8519 cm3 or 36
ialah 35.8519 cmcm
3 3
atau 36 cm3.
6. 2x2 + 11y2 + 2x + 2y = 0 …1
x − 3y + 1 = 0 …2

From 2, x = 3y − 1…3
Substitute 3 into 1.
2(3y − 1)2 + 11y2 + 2(3y − 1) + 2y = 0
2(9y2 − 6y + 1) + 11y2 + 6y − 2 + 2y = 0
18y2 − 12y + 2 + 11y2 + 6y − 2 + 2y = 0
29y2 − 4y = 0
y(29y − 4) = 0
or y = 4
y = 0 atau
29
Substitute y = 0 into 3.
x = 3(0) − 1
= −1

Gantikan y = 4 into 3.
Substitute
29
( )
x=3 4 −1
29
= –  17
29
Thus, the intersection points between the movement of the fish and the boat are (−1, 0) and
(– 17 , 4 .
29 29 )
7. 2x2 + 4y2 + 3x – 5y = 25 …1
y–x+1=0 …2
From 2, y = x – 1…3

28


2x2 + 8x2 – 8x + 4 + 3x – 5x + 5 = 25
6x2 – 10x – 16 = 0
3x2 – 5x – 8 = 0
(3x – 8)(x + 1) = 0
x = 8 and x = −1
3
Substitute x = −1 into 3.
y = −1 – 1
= –2
Substitute x = 8 into 3.
3
y= 8 –1
3
= 5
3
Thus, the intersection points between both sailing boat and speedboat are (–1, −2) and
(8, 5 .
3 3
)
Mastery Practice (Page 86)
1. (a) Let x represents History book, y represents Mathematics books and z represents Science
books.
x + 2y + 3z = 120
2x + 3y + 2z = 110
x + 4y + 2z = 180
(b) Let x represents 10 sen coin, y represents 20 sen coin and z represents 50 sen coin.

x − 3y – 2z = 25
2. (a) x − y + 2z = 3 …1
x + y − 3z = −10 …2
2x + y − z = −6 …3

2 − 1: 2y − 5z = −13 …4
1 × 2: 2x − 2y + 4z = 6 …5
3 − 5: 3y − 5z = −12 …6
6 − 4: y= 1

Substitute y = 1 into 4.
2(1) − 5z = −13
−5z = −15
z=3

29
 Substitute y = 1 and z = 3 into 1.
x − 1 + 2(3) = 3
x = −2

Thus, x = −2, y = 1 and z = 3 are the solutions to this system of linear equations.

(b) x + 2y + 5z = −17 …1
2x − 3y + 2z = −16 …2
3x + y − z = 3 …3

1 × 3: 3x + 6y + 15z = −51 …4
2 × 2: 4x – 6y + 4x = –32 …5
4 + 5: 7x + 19z = –83 …6
3 × 3: 9x + 3y – 3z = 9 …7
2 + 7: 11x – z = –7 …8

z = 11x + 7…9
Substitute 9 into 6.
7x + 19(11x + 7) = –83
7x + 209x + 133 = –83
216x = –216
x = –1
Substitute x = –1 into 9.
z = 11(–1) + 7
= –4
Substitute x = –1 and z = –4 into 1.
–1 + 2y + 5(–4) = −17
2y = 4
y=2
Thus, x = −1, y = 2 and z = −4 are the solutions to this system of linear equations.
3. Let x represents the first angle, y represents the second angle and z represents the third angle.
x + y + z = 180 …1
y − 50 = 4x …2
z − 40 = x …3
From 2, y = 4x + 50…4
From 3, z = x + 40 …5
Substitute 4 and 5 into 1.
x + 4x + 50 + x + 40 = 180
6x + 90 = 180
6x = 90
x = 15

30
 Substitute x = 15 into 3.
z – 40 = 15
z = 55
Substitute x = 15 into 2.
y − 50 = 4(15)
y = 110
Thus, x = 15, y = 110 and z = 55 are the solutions for to this system of linear equations.

4. h(x – y) = x + y – 1 …1
x + y – 1 = hx2 – 11y2 …2
Substitute (5, h) into 2.
5 + h – 1 = h(5)2 – 11(h)2
5 + h – 1 = 25h – 11h2
11h – 24h + 4 = 0
2

(11h – 2)(h – 2) = 0
11h – 2 = 0 or h–2=0
h= 2 h=2
11
Substitute h = 2 into 1 and 2.
2(x – y) = x + y – 1 …3
x + y – 1 = 2x2 – 11y2 …4

From 3, 2x – 2y = x + y – 1
x = 3y – 1…5

Substitute 5 into 4.
3y – 1 + y – 1 = 2(3y – 1)2 – 11y2
4y – 2 = 2(9y2 – 6y + 1) – 11y2
4y – 2 = 18y2 – 12y + 2 – 11y2
7y – 16y + 4 = 0
2

(7y – 2)(y – 2) = 0
y–2=0
2 y=2
y=7
Substitute y = 2 into 5.
7

( )
x=3 2 –1
7
= –  1
7
Substitute y = 2 into 5.
x = 3(2) – 1
=5

Thus, x = – 1 , y = 2 are the solutions to these simultaneous equations.

7 7

31
5. Let x represents fixed salary as a sales officer, y represents house rental and z
represents online sales.
x + y + z = 20 000 …1
x + 500 = 2(y + z) …2
x + z = 2y …3

From 1, z = −x – y + 20 000…4

From 2, x + 500 = 2y + 2z
x – 2y – 2z = –500 …5

From 3, x – 2y + z = 0…6

Substitute 4 into 5.
x – 2y – 2(−x – y + 20 000) = −500
x – 2y + 2x + 2y – 40 000 = −500
3x = 39 500
x = 13 166.67
Substitute 4 into 6.
x − 2y + (−x – y + 20 000) = 0
3y = 20 000
y = 6 666.67
Substitute x = 13 166.67 and y = 6 666.67 into 4.
z = −x – y + 20 000
= −13 166.67 – 6 666.67 + 20 000
= 166.66
Thus, Raju's income from fixed salary as sales officer, house rental and online sales are
RM13 166.67, RM6 666.67 and RM166.66 respectively.
6. q2 + (2q – 1)2 = p2 …1
p + q + (2q – 1) = 40 …2
From 1: q2 + 4q2 – 4q + 1 = p2
5q2 – 4q + 1 = p2…3
p + 3q = 41
p = 41 – 3q…4
Substitute 4 into 3,
5q2 – 4q + 1 = (41 – 3q)2
5q2 – 4q + 1 = 1 681 – 246q + 9q2
4q – 242q + 1 680 = 0
2

2(2q – 105)(q – 8) = 0
q = 105 , q = 8
2

32
 Substitute dan q = 105 ke
Gantikan q = 8 and into
dalam, 4,
2
p = 41 – 3(8) , (
p = 41 – 3 105
2 )
= 17 = –  233 (Ignore)
2
Thus, the sides length of the land are 8 m, 15 m and 17 m.
3 – (–3)
7. Gradient of straight line = 2–0
=3
Equation of straight line: y = 3x − 3 …1
Equation of the curve: x2 + y2 − 27x + 41 = 0 …2

Substitute 1 into 2.
x2 + (3x − 3)2 − 27x + 41 = 0
x2 + 9x2 − 18x + 9 − 27x + 41 = 0
10x2 − 45x + 50 = 0
2x2 − 9x + 10 = 0
(2x − 5)(x − 2) = 0
2x – 5 = 0 or x–2=0
x= 5 x=2
2
Substitute x = 5 into 1.
2
( )
y=3 5 − 3
2
= 9
2
Substitute x = 2 into 1.
y = 3(2) − 3
= 3

Yes, the line intersect the curve at another point, which is x = 5 , y = 9 .

2 2
8. 3x + y + x + y = 24 …1
(x + y)2 = (3x)2 + y2 …2
From 1, 4x + 2y = 24
2x + y = 12
y = 12 – 2x…3
From 2, x2 + 2xy + y2 = 9x2 + y2
8x2 – 2xy = 0…4

33
 Substitute 3 into 4.
8x2 – 2x(12 – 2x) = 0
8x2 – 24x + 4x2 = 0
12x2 – 24x = 0
x2 – 2x = 0
x(x – 2) = 0
x=0 or x=2
Substitute x = 0 into 3.
y = 12 – 2(0)
= 12
Substitute x = 2 into 3.
y = 12 – 2(2)
= 12 – 4
=8
Length of wood = 8 cm, Width of wood = 3 × 2 = 6 cm
Thus, the area of the wood is 8 × 6 = 48 cm2.
9. Let x represents the length of the room and y represents the width of the room.
(x − 2)(y − 2) = 8.75 …1
2(x − 2) + 2(y − 2) = 12 …2
From 1, xy – 2x – 2y + 4 = 8.75
xy – 2x – 2y = 4.75…3
From 2, 2x – 4 + 2y – 4 = 12
2x + 2y = 20
x+y= 10
x= 10 − y…4

Substitute 4 into 3.
(10 − y)y − 2(10 − y) − 2y = 4.75
10y − y2 −20 + 2y − 2y = 4.75
y2 − 10y + 24.75 = 0 …5

5 × 4: 4y2 – 40y + 99 = 0
(2y – 11)(2y – 9) = 0
2y – 11 = 0 or 2y – 9 = 0
y= 11 y= 9
2 2
Gantikan y = 11 into 4.
Substitute
2
x = 10 − 11
2
= 9
2

34
 Substitute y = 9 into 4.
2
x = 10 − 9
2
= 11
2
Thus, the length and the width of the room is 5.5 m and 4.5 m respectively.

( )
10. Length of arc STR, s = 14x 22
7
= 44x

28xy = 224 …1
28x + 2y + 44x = 72 …2

From 2, 72x + 2y = 72
36x + y = 36
y = 36 – 36x…3

Substitute 3 into 1.
28x(36 − 36x) = 224
1 008x − 1 008x2 = 224
1 008x2 − 1 008x + 224 = 0
9x2 − 9x + 2 = 0
(3x – 2)(3x −1) = 0
3x – 2 = 0 or 3x – 1 = 0
x=2 x= 1
3 3
Substitute x = 2 into 3.
3

( )
y = 36 − 36 2
3
= 12
Substitute x = 1 into 3.
3

( )
y = 36 − 36 1
3
= 24
Thus, x = 2 , y = 12 and x = 1 , y = 24.
3 3

35
11. Area of the mural: 7xy = 28 …1
Perimeter ABCDE: 7x + 2y + 22 × 7x = 26
7 2
7x + 2y + 11x = 26
18x + 2y = 26
y = 26 – 18x …2
2
Substitute 2 into 1.
( )
7x 26 – 18x = 28
2
91x – 63x2 = 28
63x2 – 91x + 28 = 0
7(9x – 4)(x – 1) = 0
x = 4 or x = 1
9
when x = 4 , the diameter of the semicircle is 28 m and the radius is 14 m.
9 9 9

When x = 1, the diameter of the semicircle is 7 m and the radius is 7 m.

2

36