Chronology August 16, 1971-November 15, 1971

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Source: Middle East Journal, Vol. 26, No. 1 (Winter, 1972), pp. 37-53
Published by: Middle East Institute
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4324874 .
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 CHRONOLOGY
August 16, 1971 -November 15, 1971
Arab IsraeliConflict
1971
Aug. 16: A terroristgrenade wounded 17 Arabs in
a marketin Gaza.
Aug. 18: The Arab mayorsof 23 West Bank towns
met in Beit Sahurand agreed to oppose a motion
before the Arab Leaguewhich would refuse entry
to goods originating in the West Bank or Gaza
Strip.
Aug. 19: IsraeliDefense MinisterMosheDayanurged
that "We should regard our role in the admin-
isteredterritoriesas that of the establishedgovern-
ment-to plan and implement whatever can be
done, without leaving options open for the day of
peace-which may be distant."
Aug. 20: Following the signing of a constitutionfor
a Federation of Arab Republics, the heads of
state of Libya, Syria and Egypt issued a joint
communiquestating there would be "no peace or
negotiation with the Zionist enemy, no yielding
an inch of Arab territory,no bargaining on the
Palestiniancause."
US State Department spokesman Robert
McCloskeycalled Israeli Defense Minister Dayan's
Aug. 19 speech "harmful"and said it was "com-
pletely inconsistentwith Israel'sacceptanceof the
UN SecurityCouncilResolutionof Nov. 22, 1967."
Aug. 22: Israeli Foreign Minister Abba Eban said
the Damascusdeclarationof the Federationof Arab
Republics was "intransigent,""extremist"and a
rejectionof the UN SecurityCouncilResolutionof
Nov. 1967.
Aug. 23: The US said the Damascusdeclarationby
Eg-ypt,Syria and Libya pledging no peace and
no negotiationswith Israel was "unfortunate"and
"inconsistent"with the UN resolution of Nov.
1967.
Aug. 30: EgyptianPresidentAnwar al-Sadit said the
Federationof Arab Republics was intended as a
"bastion against Israel" in a conflict that might
Last50 years. He added that "Jordanis out of the
battle,finished."
Israeliguns fired at Egyptianplanes which over-
flew Israeli fortificationson the Suez Canal.
37
It was officially announced that evacuation of
Palestinianrefugees from Gaza camps had ceased.
Israeli military sources said the objective of im-
proved securityin the camps was achieved by the
resettlementof refugees.
Aug. 31: IsraeliAmbassadorto the US YitzhakRabin
said the US was committing an error in post-
poning a decision to supply more jets. He said
Israel was unsuccessfulin pressingfor a quick de-
cision and the Americandelay resultedfrom politi-
cal considerations.
The New York Times reported "well-placed
sources"in Cairo as saying the USSR was sup-
plying more Russian piloted fighter squadronsto
Egypt. The report said that in addition to the
4 Mig-21 squadronssent in 1970, 2 Mig-21 and
2 SU-11 squadronswere added "recently"and 2
more SU-11 squadronswere expected in the next
few weeks.
Sept. 2: Israeli forces clashed with Arab forces in
the Mt. Hebron region of Lebanon.
Sept. 9: Israel reported Syrian gunners opened fire
on positions in the Jawlan region.
Sept. 11: Israel said an EgyptianSU-7 bomber was
shot down after crossing the Suez Canal with an-
other SU-7.
Sept. 12: Israeli Chief of Staff Haim Bar-Levsaid
of Russianpresencein the region that Israelwould
be guided by 2 principles: "insistingon our own
position in all vital spheres,even when that might
lead to a clash with Russian soldiers in Egypt,
but . . . not taking the initiative in ways that will
lead the Soviets . . . to decide on moves undesir-
able to us."
British Foreign Secretary Sir Alec Douglas-
Home arrived in Cairo for talks aimed at break-
ing the Arab Israeli deadlock.
Sept. 13: EgyptianForeign Minister Malmud RiyRd
met with British Foreign SecretaryDouglas-Home.
Riyad.criticizedthe US for not communicatingfor
2 months on effortsto promote an interim agree-
ment to reopen the Suez Canal. Douglas-Home
said his government supportedan interim agree-
ment, but that it must be tied to a "comprehensive
settlement"which would involve total Israeliwith-
drawalfrom the occupiedterritories.
38 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
Sept. 14: EgyptianPresidentSidat met with Douglas-
Home. Sadit said Egypt'soffer for an interimopen-
ing of the Canal was still valid but that time for
Israeli acceptancewas running out.
A Jordanianrequestfor a UN SecurityCouncil
debate on Jerusalemwas put off at the requestof
Syria, a Council member.
Sept. 15: Israel reportedEgypt was constructingSam
missile sites in the centralsector of the Suez front
2 miles from the Canal.
Al-Ahramsaid Israel was seeking agreementto
install radarand missiles in Ethiopiaat the straits
of Bab al-Mandaband that Egypt was conducting
"urgent"talks with Ethiopiato prevent the move. Sept. 30: Israeli Foreign Minister Eban at the UN
Douglas-Homesaid his talks with Egyptianlead-
ers convinced him that Egypt was in a mood for
"permanentpeace"with Israel.
Sept. 16: Sidit accused the US of "deception"and
procrastinationin negotiationsto reopen the Suez
Canal. He said Egypt was promised by US State
Dept. Desk Officer Michael Sterner in July that Oct. 1: An Egyptianspokesmanat the UN said Eban
the US would proclaima "definiteposition"in the
dispute but had not done so.
Jordan asked the UN Security Council to stop Oct. 4: The New York Times reported Israel had
Israeli annexationof Jerusalemby "whateversanc-
tions it deems fit."
Sept. 17: Israel protested to the UN Truce Super-
visory Organizationagainst Egypt's downing with
missiles of a transportplane which was 14 miles
behind Israel'sSuez defenses.
An exchangeof rocket fire was reportedon the
Suez Canal. Both sides accusedthe other of initiat-
ing the exchange.
Dayan said the Egyptiandowning of an Israeli
transport"was far more than a violation of the
cease-fire,this is a warlike and provocativeact."
Sept. 18: Egypt conceded that the downed Israeli
plane was a transportand not a fighter.
Sept. 19: A terroristgrenade killed an Arab child
and wounded 5 Americantouristsin Jerusalem.
The New York Times reported that the US
was assured by both Israel and Egypt of their
intent to continue observing the cease-fire.
Sept. 25: The UN SecurityCouncil "urgentlycalled"
on Israel to halt and "rescindall previous steps"
tending to alter the characterof the Arab section
of Jerusalem. The vote was 14-0 with Syria
abstaining.
Israeli AmbassadorYosef Tekoah said the res-
olution amounted to an order to stifle Jerusalem
and that Israel would react as she would to any
order from Moscow or Washington.
Sept. 26: Israel rejected the Security Council Reso-
lution calling for an end to measuresin Jerusalem.
A cabinet statementsaid "Israel'spolicy with re- Oct. 7: The PalestineLiberationOrganization(PLO)
gard to Jerusalemremains unchanged. Israel will
continue the developmentof the city . . ."
Sept. 28: Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko
told the UN General Assembly that "appropriate Bfi-Dayriwas appointedto replace both.
guarantees" of a political settlement, including
Security Council guarantees,could "be provided"
and are the "strongestconceivablein the modern
world."
Sept. 29: Riyad.met with US Secretaryof State Wil-
liam Rogers and SenatorJ. William Fulbrightin
Washington. The New York Times reportedthat
Rogers suggested compromise proposals for re-
opening the Suez Canal and official sources said
Riyad's reaction was "satisfactory."
Regarding the US initiative Riyid said: "We
leave the door open to any initiative."He added
that Egypt would wekome further efforts by the
UN and the Big Four.
urged direct Egyptian-Israelinegotiations. Eban
said Israel would not regard a Suez Canal agree-
ment as "final"and that Israel would seek from
negotiations a "contractualbasis for continued
presence"since Israel was seeking "practical"se-
curity, not a "juridical"formula.
tried "to confuse the Assembly"and that it was
Israel that had obstructednegotiations.
begun production of a short range missile, the
"Jericho,"capableof deliveringa nuclearwarhead.
Rogers told the UN that at the request of
"the parties" the US would continue to seek an
interim agreement. He said it should be founded
on 2 principles: A Suez agreement would be
"merely a step" toward full implementation of
Resolution 242 and that neither side could expect
agreementon the terms and conditions of a final
settlement to be achieved as part of the interim
settlement.
Oct. 5: The US State Department denied that the
US was discussing"concertedmilitaryactions with
Israel" as an assuranceagainst violations of an
interim agreement.
Oct. 6: Israeli Premier Golda Meir said Israel still
opposes the crossing of the Suez by Egyptiansin
any interim agreement. She said Rogers' speech
to the UN "may have raised false hopes among
Egyptian rulers that Israel is likely to agree to
Egyptianforces crossing to the East Bank."
Riyad told the UN that Egypt would reject
any agreement that would lead to continued oc-
cupation and he charged that Israel would use
an interim agreementas a "springboardto further
aggression."
Israeli PremierMeir said Rogers' speech to the
UN "failed to contributeto the advancementof
the special arrangementfor the opening of the
Suez Canal."
announcedthat Commanderof the PalestineLibera-
tion Army 'Abd al-RazzAqal-Yahyaand Chief of
Staff 'Uthmin Haddadwere dismissedand Midhat
Soviet PremierAleksei Kosygin said in Algeria
 CHRONOLOGY
that the USSR would "continue to give Arab
countries all the aid they need to liberate their
territory."
Oct. 8: After meeting with Rogers in New York
RiyQ4said they had a "good and useful"discussion
on the possibility of achieving an interim agree-
ment. Rogers said an agreementwas possible.
Oct. 11: Sidat arrived in Moscow for talks on the
Middle East problem. He was joined there by
Riy94.
Oct. 12: Sadat said in Moscow that "force, and
only force" is the way to "oppose any aggression
that may be undertaken"and of "liquidatingthe
aggressionagainst our land."
The Israeli Cabinet voted to continue to go
along with US effortsto reachan interimsettlement.
Oct. 13: A joint communiqueending Sidat's talks
in Moscow said measureswere agreed on "aimed
at further strengthening the military might of
Egypt" and that the 2 sides "strongly condemn
anti-Communismand anti-Sovietismas prejudicing
the peoples' urge for liberation."
Oct. 14: Syria charged that Israeli planes violated
Syrian airspace.
Rogers "deplored"the new Soviet pledge to
strengthenEgypt'smilitaryand said the US would
"carefullyreconsider"its military commitmentsto
Israel "in the light of PresidentNixon's commit-
ment to insure that the military balance in the
Middle East does not change."
Oct. 15: A US Senate resolution supported by 78
Senatorscalled for a resumptionof Phantom jet
deliveries to Israel "without further delay."
Oct. 17: It was announced that Egyptian Minister
of War Muhammad$adiq would take command
of Syrian troops facing Israel so that operations
could be coordinated.
Oct. 18: SyrianPresidentHafiz al-As'adsaid 250,000
Syriantroopswere mobilizedfor the coming battle
with Israel.
Oct. 19: US Senator Henry Jackson called for a
"phased" Soviet troop withdrawal from Arab
countries accompaniedby an Israeli withdrawal
to "defensibleborders."
Oct. 20: Commandoleader Yasir 'Arafatarrivedfor
talks in Mos.ow.
Oct. 26: Premier Meir said Rogers had transferred
support of Israel's position on an interim Suez
agreementto Egypt'sposition and that concessions
could not be forced on Israel by withholding "the
means vitally required for our security." She
reiterated Israel's willingness to enter renewed
talks on an interim agreement but not on the
terms laid down by Rogers at the UN on Oct. 4.
Oct. 27: The New York Times reported "Israeli
diplomatic sources" as saying Israel would join
new Americansponsoredtalks on the Suez Canal
if the US would resume supplies of jets to Israel,
would not require concessions in return for the
planes, would not base the talks on Rogers'Oct. 4
39
UN speech and would confineitself to the role of
"honestbroker"withoutsubmittingdetailedrecom-
mendationsof its own.
UN SecretaryGeneral U Thant named the UN
delegates of Argentina, Sierra Leone and Italy
to form a commissionto investigateIsrael'shous-
ing policies in occupiedJerusalem.The New York
Times reported"sources"as saying Israel had not
agreedto permit the commissionto visit Jerusalem.
Syria said Israeli planes violated Syrianairspace
and were drivenoff.
Oct. 29: Yugoslav PresidentTito said in Washing-
ton that Soviet Communist Party leader Leonid
Brezhnev told him the USSR would withdraw
its military personnelfrom Egypt and other Arab
countries once a Middle East peace settlement is
reached.
Oct. 31: US Senator Fulbright, speaking on the
defeat of the US foreign aid bill, predicted that
an interim solution would be found and said he
would support the "least controversial"aspects of
foreign aid including military aid to Israel and
refugee aid.
Nov. 1: Israel told the US that she would not enter
further negotiationstoward an interim settlement
unless the supply of Phantom jets is resumed.
Nov. 2: Representingthe Organizationof African
Unity (OAU), 4 African heads of state arrived
in Israel for 3 days of talks aimed at promoting
a "dialogue"betweenIsraeland Egypt They were
Leopold Senghor of Senegal, Ahmadou Ahidjo of
Cameroon,Yakubu Gowon of Nigeria and Joseph
Mobutuof Zaire.
Nov. 3: The JerusalemPost reportedSenegal'sPres-
ident Leopold Senghor as saying he favored "as
direct a dialogue as possible" between Israel and
the Arabs.
'Arafat returnedto Beirut after a 14 day visit
to EastGermanyand the USSR. He said the visits
broughtabout "completebackingand support"for
the Palestinianmovement and the results of the
visit would be seen in the eventsof the nearfuture.
Nov. 4: Al-Abram editor MuhammadHaykal said
Egypt was cold to a US proposalfor indirecttalks
with Israel with US Assistant Secretaryof State
Joseph Sisco as go-between. He said the proposal
was a "maneuver"and "unacceptable."
'T'heNew York Times reported "Americanin-
telligence sources" as saying Soviet arms ship-
ments to Egypt have fallen off sharplyand "prac-
tically nothing of consequencehas been delivered
since the counter coup in the Sudan."
It was announcedthat Sadat had assumedper-
sonal commandof the Egyptianarmed forces.
Nov. 5: The OAU delegation of African leaders
1-ft Israelfor Egypt. Israeli leadersexpressed"sat-
isfaction" with their talks.
Egyptian Minister of War $adiq reported that
Sadat had moved to the general headquartersof
the army to "guide"Egypt through the "decisive
40 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

stage" of the conflict with Israel. Aug. 25: Reaters reported official sources in West
Nov. 6: Israelreportedthat 2 Mig-23 jets flew across Germanyas saying ForeignMinisterWalter Scheel
the Suez cease-fireline. was seeking a meeting with the SecretaryGeneral
The 4 Africanpresidentsrepresentingthe OAU of the Arab League to discuss resumption of
arrivedin Cairo for talks with Egyptianleaders. German-Arabdiplomatic ties.
Nov. 7: It was officially announced in Cairo that Sept. 1: Referendumsheld in Syria,Libyaand Egypt
Egypt would postpone the UN General Assembly endorsed the Federation of Arab Republics by
debate on the Middle East to give the OAU peace 96.4%, 98% and 99.9% respectively.
mission time for talks. Sept. 11: Bahraynand Qatarwere acceptedas mem-
Nov. 8: The 4 OAU presidentsleft Egypt to report bers of the Arab League.
to a 10 nation committee in Dakar, Senegal. Sept. 29: Oman was acceptedas a member of the
Nov. 9: Haykal said Egypt must break the US Arab League.
"monopoly" over peace efforts and return the A US naval spokesmansaid the US would begin
problemto the UN. sending more ships into the Indian Ocean on a
Nov. 10: The New York Times reportedIsrael was patrol basis in responseto the doubling of Soviet
unofficiallyproposing that the Suez Canal be re- vesselsthere in the past 3 yearsto 12 to 15 vessels.
opened, without troop withdrawals,in order to Oct. 4: PresidentAnwaral-Sadatof Egyptwas chosen
improve the atmospherefor furthertalks. Presidentof the Federationof Arab Republics by
Nov. 11: Sidat said no negotiationswould be held the 3 man PresidentialCouncil meeting in Cairo.
with Israel unless Israel gives "a positive answer Oct. 6: The first meeting of the Federationof Arab
to the messagesent by UN Special Envoy Gunnar Republics Presidential Council ended in Cairo
Jarring"in February. after approvingplans for a foreign policy council,
Nov. 13: Egypt reported that she requesteda UN a federal cabinet and military coordination.
debate on the Middle East beginning Nov. 29. Oct. 7: Resolutions passed by a special meeting of
Nigerian President Gowon said the OAU had OPEC on Sept. 22 were made public. They called
drawn up definite proposals for a Middle East for effective participationin oil concessions by
settlement. host countriesand for compensationfor losses in
Nov. 15: Egyptian Vice PresidentHusayn al-Shafi'i the real value of oil revenues resulting from,the
said Sadat'sstatementthat 1971 would be the de- de facto devaluationof the US dollar.
cisive year did not mean the conflict must be Oct. 14: Following talks between Syrian President
settled in 1971 but that the "courseof liberation" As'ad and EgyptianPresidentSadata communique
would be chosen. was issued saying a committee would be formed
to "preparefor a dialogue" between the Ba'th
Party and Egypt's Arab Socialist Union on the
possibility of their integration.
General Oct. 18: A meeting of the Organizationof Arab
1971 PetroleumExportingCountriesto deal with Iraq's
application for membershipwas postponed until
Aug. 18: The heads of state of Libya, Egypt, and Dec. when representativesfrom Libya and Algeria
Syria began talks in Damascusto approvethe draft failed to attend.
constitutionfor the Federationof Arab Republics
and to discuss the situation in Jordan. Oct. 30: Talks began in Tehran on compensation
SecretaryGeneral of the Organizationof Petro- to oil producingcountriesfor the loss of revenue
leum Exporting Countries (OPEC) Nadim resulting from de facto devaluationof the dollar.
Pachachisaid he expected PresidentNixon's new Nov. 13: A meetingof ArabForeignMinistersopened
economic measureswould result in a devaluation in Cairo.
of the dollar. This would erode the gains of
the "Tehran, Tripoli and related agreements of
1971" and OPEC would then "take the necessary Afghanistan
steps to adjustcrudeoil posted prices accordingly."
Aug. 20: The heads of state of Syria, Egypt and 1971
Libya meeting in Damascussigned a constitution Aug. 22: The New York Times reported that the
for a Federationof Arab Republics. country was suffering the worst drought in its
Aug. 22: A meeting of the Ministerial Council of recordedhistory.
the RegionalCooperationfor Development(RCD) Sept. 5: Kabul Times announced that the USSR,
ended in Isfahan. A communiqu6said steps were Iran and UK would grant $700,000, IR 20m and
taken to further expand trade between the mem- $200,000 respectivelyin droughtrelief.
bers and that a study was under way to forge Sept. 18: An official spokesman said the Iranian
links with membersof ASEAN in SoutheastAsia. magazine Tehran Mossavarwould be banned for
 CHRONOLOGY
publishing material"opposedto the friendly spirit
among nations."
Oct. 25: Iraq gave $55,000 for drought relief.
Nov. 3: Kabul Times reported that Premier Abd
al-Zahir outlined emergency plans to meet the
drought. Zahir said grants of wheat were made
by the US (100,000 tons), China (18,000 tons),
Germany,France,Canadaand the UN. An addi-
tional 100,000 tons would be purchased from
the US.
Algeria
(See also Arab-IsraeliConflict,General)
1971
Aug. 24: South Yemeni Envoy MuhammadAm-in
left after 4 days of talks on the situation in the
Persian Gulf.
Sept. 21: The official daily Al-Moudjahidcriticized
the state run agriculturalmanagementfor wastage
and inefficiencyleading to an "undeniablygrave
situation."
Oct. 3: AJ-Destow quoted President Houari Bou-
medienneas condemningcampaignsby some Arab
governments against communists. He said this
was "wrongand does not serve Arab interests."
Oct. 4: Soviet Premier Aleksei Kosygin arrived for
officialtalks with Boumedienne.
Oct. 8: Soviet PremierKosygin left after a state visit.
A joint communiquesaid the USSR was ready to
increasetechnicaland economiccooperation.
Oct. 11: PresidentBoumedienneheld "surprise"talks
with Libyan Premier Mu'ammar Qadhdhifi. A
communiquesaid it was agreed that the 2 leaders
should meet every 4 months.
Ocs. 19: Boumediennewarned "that minority which
complains"about the lack of consumer products
not to "oppose revolutionarypolicy." He said
imports "cause the outflow of currencyon which
developmentand the futureof the countrydepend."
Oct. 27: China signed a trade agreementraising the
value of exchanges to AD 140m in 1972 and
AD 180m in 1974. China also agreed to an in-
terest free loan for a dam at Cerdoune.
Nov. 8: Boumedienne signed an agrarian reform
law nationalizingthe estates of absenteelandlords
and abolishingprivateownershipof watersupplies.
Cyprus
1971
Aug. 24: The annual report of the Bank of Cyprus
said the rate of economic growth slowed down
in 1970, with Gross Domestic Product up 79%
41
comparedwith 13.7% in 1969.
Greek Cypriot negotiatorGlafcos Kliridhis de-
livered the government'sreply to Turkish nego-
tiator Rauf Denkta;' letter of Aug. 9. Kliridhis
denied that President Makarios had called the
intercommunaltalks "dead" but said Makarios
had pointed out the fact that they are "dead-
locked" on issues under discussion.
Aug. 27: Turkish Cypriots held Greek travelers
hostage after Turks were arrested in a "routine
police check" near Sinda. UN forces negotiated
the release of the Greeks and the Turks were
later released.
Sept. 3: President Makarios arrived for talks in
Athens. At a news conferencehe confirmedthat
Gen. George Grivas disappearedfrom his home
on Aug. 30. Makariossaid he was in Athens to
restore and "further cement the common front"
and that the intercommunaltalks in Cypruswere
an evident failure.
Sept. 4: Makariosended 2 days of talks with Greek
Premier George Papadopoulos. A joint com-
munique said "an exchange of views took place
which will be especially useful for subsequent
dealingswith the Cyprusissue."
Sept. 6: Alithia of Nicosia reported a "highly re-
spected" source as saying the government was
convinced that General Grivas had returned to
Cyprussecretly.
Sept. 19: Foreign Minister Spiros Kiprianou said
Cyprus would not agree to join a "5 power"
conferenceon the Cyprusissue allegedly proposed
by Turkeyand Britain.
Sept. 25: UN forces moved in to "neutralize"for-
tificationserected by Turkish Cypriotsin Nicosia,
AssociatedPress reported.
Sept. 29: Makariostold Le Mo'ndethat, while Greek
Cypriotsfavor enosis, "the difficultiesmake enosis
impossible" and talks were being held on the
basis of Cypriot independence. Cypruswould ac-
cept UN guaranteesof a final agreement.
Sept. 30: Denkta; and Kliridhis held a meeting in
the intercommunaltalks and Denkta; delivered
the Turkish reply to the government note of
Aug. 24.
Oct. 12: Secondaryschool studentsin Limassolstaged
demonstrationsin favor of enosis and to show
support for Grivas.
Oct. 16: Reserve officersin Limassolannouncedsup-
port for enosis and approvalof Grivas' presence
in Cyprus.
Oct. 17: CyprusBulletin reportedthat Makariossug-
gested to Turkish newsmen that tension could be
reduced by "the abolition of all armed posts in
areas of confrontationand the control of those
areas to be undertakenby mixed police patrols."
Oct. 29: Makarios said armed groups were being
formed illegally to support Grivas. He said such
activity could only further Turkish partitionist
plans.
42 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
Egypt
Sept. 19: A new Cabinet was announcedas part of
(See also Arab-IsraeliConflict,General,Jordan,
Kuwayt, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Libya)
1971
Aug. 20: Al-Ahram reported Interior Minister
MamdiuhSalim as saying that 380 persons were
presendy in political detention and that 13,000
had been "politicallyisolated"for 10 years while
160,000 others were forced to go abroad.
Aug. 25: The trial of 'All Sabri and other officials
charged with treason opened with the defense
challenging the legality of the "revolutionary
tribunal." Head of the 3 man tribunal, I.afi;
Badawi,postponedthe trial until Sept. 4 and gave
the defense 5 days to justify its challenge.
Aug. 27: Chad broke diplomatic relations after ac-
cusing Egyptof supportingan abortivecoup d'etat.
Aug. 28: The first official contactsin 6 years were
made in talks with West Germany in Cairo.
Al-Ahram said Egypt would require Germany
to support the UN resolution of Nov. 1967 and
for a resumption of ties to be approved by the
Arab League before relationscould be established.
Aug. 29: President Anwar al-Sadatdisclosed that a
sit-in strike at the Helwan Steel Plant had been
dispersed and that similar incidents would be
dealt with "firmly."
Sept. 2: An official decree changed the name of
the United Arab Republic to the "ArabRepublic
of Egypt."
Sept. 4: GovernmentProsecutorMustafa Abu Zayd
Fahmi asked for the death penalty for 8 of the
12 men on trial for conspiracy.
Sept. 7: SudanesePremier Ja'far Numayri left after
5 days of talks with Sadat on the Federationof
Arab Republics and relations with the USSR.
Sept. 8: The National Assembly was dissolved by
Presidential decree and new elections scheduled
for Oct. 27.
Sept. 11: A general referendumwas held to approve
a permanent constitution.
Sadat pledged a 10 year programfor doubling
national income, expanding industry and tourism
and eliminating illiteracy.
Sept. 12: Premier MahmuidFawzi submitted his
resignationand was asked to form a new Cabinet.
Interior Minister Salim said the constitution
was approvedby 99.9% of the 7,862,617 ballots
cast.
Sept. 13: British Foreign SecretarySir Alec Douglas-
Home signed an agreement for Egyptian com-
pensationpaymentsworth ?2.Um for British prop-
erty nationalizedby Egypt. He also announceda
Britishloan of ?lm.
Sept. 15: British Foreign SecretaryDouglas-Home
left after a 4 day visit and talks with Sadat.
a programof administrativereform:
MahmuidRiyad: Deputy Premier and Foreign
Minister
MahmiidFawzi: Premier
Az=z $idqi: Industry, Petroleum & Minerals
and Deputy Premier
'Abd al-QadirHatim: Culture,Informationand
Deputy Premier
'Abd al-'Aztz Hijaei: Treasury
SayyidMar'!: Deputy Premier and Agriculture,
AgrarianReform & Land Reclamation
Muhammad'AbdallahMarzabin: Economyand
Foreign Trade
Sayyid al-Sayyid:Planning
MuhammadHafiz Ghanim: Education
'Abd al-'Aziz Kamil: Awqaf & Azhar Affairs
Muhammad Ahmad Muhammad: Presidential
Affairs
Ahmad 'Abd al-Majid:CabinetAffairs
Ahmad al-Sayyid Darwish: Health and Social
Affairs
'Abd al-LatifBultiyah: Manpower
Ahmad Nuh: Civil Aviation
MamduhSalim: Interior
MuhammadAhmad $adiq: War
MuhammadMursi Ahmad: Higher Education
Ahmad Sultan: Power
'Ali al-SayyidMuhammad:Housing
Sulayman 'Abd al-Hayy: Transport and Com-
munications
Muhammad'Abd al-Raqib: Irrigation
'Ali Wali: Petroleum & Mineral Wealth
lbrahim Najib: Tourism
MuhammadSal5mah:Justice
MuhammadHasan Salim: War Production
MuhammadGhalib: Minister of State for For-
eign Affairs
Mahmud Hamdi: Marine Transport
Sept. 20: Sadat ordered all detainees held without
trial to be released including members of the
Muslim Brotherhood, according to Cairo press
reports.
Sadat said the new Cabinet was differentfrom
any other and the new Egypt would be based on
the authorityof the state, the sovereigntyof law
and governmentby organizationsnot individuals.
Sept. 24: Middle East Economic Digest reported
that a 4 year improvementplan was worked out
for the town of Helwan after leadersof an August
strike were dismissed.
Sadatissueddecreesreorganizingstatemachinery.
Sept. 28: Activities were held commemoratingNasir
on the 1st anniversaryof his death.
SePt. 29: The New York Times reportedthere was
a bomb alert in Cairo after explosive devices
were discovered in the Ministry of Information
and anti-Sovietleafletswere distributedsecretlyby
an "EgyptianNational Front."
 CHRONOLOGY
Oct. 1: It was announcedthat the leading US diplo-
mat in Cairo,Donald C. Bergus,would be replaced
by Michael Sterner.
Oct. 2: The US agreed to rescheduleEgypt's $147m
debt thus permitting application for loans from
international financial institutions.
Oct. 17: India signed a trade agreementfor an ex-
change of goods worth ?68m.
Oct. 19: Al-Ahram said all political detaineeswere
released and all detention camps were empty.
Oct. 20: Yugoslav PresidentTito paid a 1 day visit
for talks with Sadat.
Oct. 23: The USSR concluded a long term trade
agreementreported to raise the volume of trade
from ?E 163m in 1970 to ?E250m by 1975.
FormerVice President'All $abri went on trial
in secret on charges of political corruption and
misuse of power.
Oct. 24: A US State Department spokesman said
Donald Bergus would remain at his post in Cairo.
Oct. 25: The prosecutionasked for the death pen-
alty for formerMinisterof War MuhammadFawzi
whose trial for high treasonopened before a mili-
tary tribunal.
Oct. 27: General elections were held for a new
National Assembly.
Oct. 31: Bishop Shenuda was chosen to be the
new patriarchof the Coptic Churchand Pope of
Alexandria.
Nov. 1: The Soviet Union signed a protocolto supply
a ?E 65m aluminum plant.
Iran
(See also General, Afghanistan,Iraq, Kuwayt,
Persian Gulf, Turkey)
1971
Aug. 17: An official communique said Iran rec-
ognized the People's Republic of China as "the
only legal government of China" and that full
diplomatic relations would soon be established.
Aug. 31: The Shah told the Majlis that economic
growth in the past 4 years averaged 10% and
exceeded the goals of the 1968-73 development
plan.
Sept. 10: An 11 man trade delegationleft for South
Africa.
Sept. 13: A new Cabinetwas announced:
Amir Abbas Hoveyda: Premier
Jamshid Amuzegar:Finance
Abbas Khalatbari:Foreign Affairs
MehrdadPahlbod: Culture
Hasan Shalchian: Roads
Mahmud Hashfian: State
Hadi Hedayati:State
MansurRuhani: Agriculture
FatollahSotudeh: Post, Telegraph& Telephone
43
ManuchehrShahqoli: Health
Hushang Ansari: Econo-my
Safi Asfia: State
AbdolmajidMajidi: Labor & Social Affairs
AbdolazimValian: Cooperative& Rural Affairs
FarrokhryParsa: Education
Hoseyn Kazemzadeh:Science
Iraj Vahidi: Water & Power
Kuros Amuzegar:Housing and Development
Reza Azimi: War
MohammedSam: Interior
MahmudQavam-Sadri: State
ManuchehrKalali: State
SadeqAhmadi: Justice
Hamid Rahnama: Information
Sept. 15: Following a surprise visit by Pakistani
PresidentMuhammadYahya Khan an officialcom-
munique said the Shah "expressedIran'ssolidarity
with Pakistan."
Sept. 23: The Shah announced the completion of
the distribution phase of the land reform and
said "thereis no longer any farmerin the country
who does not own his land."
Sept. 28: The London Guardianpublished an inter-
view in which the Shah said "no power on earth
can stop us" from claimingthe Gulf islandsof Abui
Musa and the Tumbs and "why should we
compromise?"
Oct. 2: Special British Envoy Sir William Luce
arrived in Tehran for talks on the future of the
Gulf.
Oct. 7: It was reportedthat 250 Iranianswere de-
ported from Iraq because they had no residence
permits.
Oct. 9: Kayhan InternationalreportedIraq expelled
250 Iranians,expropriatingtheir property.
Oct. 12: Celebrationsbegan markingthe 2500 years
of Persian monarchy.
Le Monde reported that the Shah would ab-
dicate "as soon as Crown Prince Reza has finished
his studies."
Oct. 17: Celebrationsof the 2500th year of the
founding of the PersianEmpire ended.
Oct. 21: PremierAbbasHoveydasaid Iran was ready
at any time to enter negotiations with Iraq to
settle the dispute over Shatt al-Arab.
Oct. 24: A governmentspokesmansaid the 2500th
anniversary celebration had cost $16.6m and
charged some publicationswith reporting "totally
exaggerated"figures.
Oct. 29: lifiddle East EconoonicDigest reportedthe
Roads Ministryas saying the Iraniansection of the
Asian Highway from 1turkey to Afghanistanwas
completed.
Iraq
(See also General,Afghanistan,Iran, Jordan,
PersianGulf, Syria, Yemen)
44 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
1971
Aug. 18: It was announced that 2 security officers
were assassinatedon Aug. 14 in the Kurdishvillage
Banjanine in an effort by unknown persons to
sabotage the March 11 Agreement.
Aug. 25: Minister of Information Shafiq Kamali
said that Iraq was isolated on official levels but
that popular opinion was on her side. Speaking
of the Federationof Arab Republics he said Iraq
favors Arab unity but opposes "any federation
creatinga bloc or an axis."
Aug. 30: PresidentHlasanal-Bakrentereda hospital
for "minor treatment."
Sept. 1: Presidental-Bakrwas releasedfrom a hospi-
tal "in good health" after a "minor illness" and
a seriesof medical tests.
Sept. 2: It was announcedthat full diplomaticrela-
tions would be establishedwith Bahrayn.
Sept. 10: AMiddle East EconomicDigest reportedan
official announcementas saying development ex-
penditures under the 1970/74 plan would be
increasedfrom ID 537m to ID 1 billion as a re-
sult of increasedoil revenues.
The World Bank granted a loan of $27.5m
for telecommunications,it was announced.
Sept. 18: BaghdadRadio broadcastthe alleged con-
fession of Air Force Major Fahmi Jalal who said
he was recruited by British diplomats to supply
informationon Soviet advisorsin Iraq.
Sept. 28: Baghdad Radio reported that Vice Pres-
ident SAlih Mahdi 'Ammash and Foreign Min-
ister 'Abd al-Karim Shaykhli were relieved of
their posts and positions on the Revolution Com-
mand Council by Presidentialdecree.
It was announced that Syria agreed on the
first stage of a pipeline to carryoil from southern
Iraq to the Mediterranean.
Sept. 29: An assassinationattempt against Kurdish
leader Mulla Mustafa Barazani was unsuccessful.
Oct. 3: Murtadlaal-Hadithi was appointed Foreign
Minister.
Oct. 4: At the end of a visit by Turkish Minister
of Foreign Economic Relations Ozer Derbil it
was announced technical cooperation would be
establishedand trade increased.
Oct. 5: Yemeni PresidentialCouncil Chairman'Abd
al-Rahmanal-Iryanibegan a 5 day visit.
Oct. 9: Yemeni Presidental-Iryanileft after a 5 day
state visit.
Oct. 13: $alih Mahdi 'Ammashwas appointedAm-
bassadorto the USSR.
Oct. 20: BaghdadRadio reportedthat former Major
Fahmi Jalal was sentenced to death for passing
informationto the British.
Oct. 26: Acting Ministerof Education'Abd al-Sattir
al-Jawari left for a tour of the Gulf States as
President Bakr's personal emissary.
Oct. 30: Iraqi News Agency reportedRumaniaagreed
to a loan of $35m to be repaid in crude oil.
Murtad4 'Abd al-Baqi was appointed Foreign
Minister.
Nov. 1: Al-Thaw,ah reported President Bakr as
having ordered a thorough review of economic
policy to combatinflation.
Nov. 7: Six Cabinet Ministers were dispatched to
Arab countriesfor talks on unified action against
Israel and to prevent Iran from taking over Abui
Musa and the Tumbs Islands of the Gulf.
Nov. 15: PresidentBakr announceda new National
Charter to pave the way for a permanent
Constitution.
Israel
(See also Arab-IsraeliConflict, Iraq)
1971
Aug. 17: It was announcedthat 6 Israelis,including
1 Communist,would visit the Soviet Union at
the invitation of the Soviet Peace Committee.
Aug. 22: The pound was devalued by 20%.
Aug. 23: Several hundred demonstratorsprotesting
discriminationagainstJews of non-Europeanorigin
clashedwith police in Jerusalem.
Aug. 26: Six Israelis arrived in Moscow for an un-
official visit at the invitation of the Soviet Peace
Committee.
Sept. 7: The Civil Aviation WorkersUnion went on
strike affectingall airports.
Sept. 8: The Israeli guests of the Soviet Peace Com-
mittee returned from Moscow. Professor Dan
Mekon speaking for the group said he got the
impression that the USSR "earnestlydesires" to
improve relationswith Israel.
Sept. 13: The New York Times reported "authori-
tative" US officials as saying Arab diplomats in
Moscow were expecting the USSR to establish
some form of diplomatic relations with Israel
early in 1972.
Sept. 23: The military authoritiesappointedRashid
Shawa Mayor of Gaza in response to petitions
signed by severalthousandcitizens,an officialcom-
muniqu6 reported.
Oc. 3: ShaykhJibir Mu'adi,a Druse, was appointed
Deputy Minister of Communications.
Oct. 7: Twenty-one"Black Israelites"from the US
were refused entry on the grounds that they were
not tourists but intended to settle illegally in
Israel.
Oct. 8: Interior Minister Yosef Burg said an ex-
ception would be made to the Law of Return
to preventJewish criminalsfrom obtaining refuge
in Israel.
Nov. 5: The New York Times reported "Jewish
sources"as saying a new surge of emigration to
Israel was permitted by the USSR in the "past
two weeks."
 CHRONOLOGY 45

Nov. 7: Demonstrationserupted in Tel Aviv pro- permittedit to fly to Amman.

testing a "cultureweek" sponsored by the West Sept. 9: A Fath spokesmanconcededthat the hijacker
German embassy. was a member of Fath but said that the hijacking
The New York Times reported that Finance was an "individual action."
Minister Pinhas Sapir warned that the defense Al-Dastur reportedthe US agreed in principle
budget would have to be cut. to a loan of $10m to "back the Treasury."
Nov. 12: The New York Times reportedthat France The Trans-ArabianPipeline was shut off after
told Israel at the end of Sept. 1971 she would a bomb damagedit near the Syrian border.
consider reimbursingIsrael for jet planes which A government delegation, which had gone to
Israel had paid for but were embargoedin France. Jiddah for talks with commandoleaders,returned
The report said negotiations were under way in to Amman after being told the commando dele-
Paris to end the dispute. gation would not attend.
Nov. 13: The government confirmedthat talks had Sept. 12: The Trans-ArabianPipeline (Tapline) re-
begun with France on the subject of embargoed sumed operation after a bomb damaged it on
jet planes. Sept. 9.
Nov. 14: The Cabinet voted to set up a judicial Sept. 14: Two Palestiniancommandosconvicted of
commissionof inquiry to study reports of official killing a Jordaniancivil servant were hanged in
corruptionin the exploitation of oil in occupied Amman.
Egyptianterritory. Amman Radio reported that an official dele-
Nov. 15: The New York Times reported that the gation left for Jiddah to meet with Palestinians
Israeli press won a "lifting of the ban" on stories in a joint Saudi-Egyptianmediation effort.
of the "agents"who participatedin the "Lavon Saboteurs blew up 2 sections of the Trans-
Affair"of 1954. ArabianPipeline.
Sept. 15: Husayn said "any forces stationed on our
soil must be under our command."
The Jordanian delegation to the Jiddah talks
Jordan was reportedto include Chief of Staff Khalil 'Abd
(See also Arab-IsraeliConflict,General, al-Da'imand Chief of Army IntelligenceMuham-
Lebanon, Syria, Saudi Arabia) mad Bashir. The Palestinians included Khalid
al-HIasanof Fath and Palestine LiberationArmy
Commander'Abd al-Razzaqal-Yahya.
1971 Sept. 23: It was announcedBritaingranted a ?1.4m
Aug. 18: 'Abd al-Salam al-Majaliresigned his post interest free loan for development projects.
as Minister of State for PremiershipAffairs. Sept. 24: The government delegation to the nego-
Aug. 19: Yasir 'Arafat met in Damascus with the tiations with commando leaders in Saudi Arabia
heads of state of Libya,Egypt and Syria to discuss returnedto Amman.
the relations between the ccmmandos and the Sept. 28: The Iraqi News Agency reportedJordan
Jordaniangovernment. called for an extraordinarysession of the Arab
Sept. 2: Foreign Minister 'Abdallah $alah returned Common Market states to discuss the Syrian and
from visits to Lebanon,Egypt and Saudi Arabia Iraqi borderclosures.
where he held talks on "bilateralrelations"and Oct. 3: Two men were hanged for sabotagingTap-
the "internationalsituation." line on July 9.
Sept. 7: King IHusaynannouncedthe establishment Oct. 4: Mazin al-'Ajlfini was appointed Minister of
of a JordanianNational Union to be the nation's State for PremiershipAffairs.
sole authorizedpolitical organization.The Union's Three members of the Popular Front for the
steeringcommitteewould draft a National Charter. Liberation of Palestine were hanged for killing
He said the Union would "provide constructive civilians in Sept. 1970.
opposition from within its own ranks." Oct. 7: Premier Wasfi al-Tall declaredan amnesty
The ExecutiveCommitteeof the Palestine Lib- until Nov. 20 for all persons who surrender
eration Organization (PLO) voted to participate arms in their possession.
in talks with the governmentto be held in Saudi Oct. 9: Premieral-Tall flew to Saudi Arabiafor talks
Arabia. on the Jordaniansituation.
Sept. 8: Spokesmen for the Popular Front for the Oct. 11: Premieral-Tall returnedfrom talks in Saudi
Liberationof Palestine called the PLO's decision Arabia which he termed "fruitful."
"shameful"and said the PFLP would not par- Oct. 20: Press reports in Amman said Iraq had re-
ticipate in the talks and would reconsider its opened its border on Oct. 19.
membershipin the PLO in the light cf the results Oct. 26: Repairs were completed on Tapline which
of the talks. was sabotagedon Oct. 24 for the 3rd time in a
A Jordanian airliner was hijacked to Libya month.
where police took the hijacker off the plane and Nov. 2: It was announcedthat West Germanygranted
46 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
a $40m loan for a rail link between Amman and
Aqaba.
Nov. 4: King lIusayn said Riyid al-Muflih would
lead a delegation to Jiddah to complete a final
agreement with Palestinian commandos.
Nov. 8: AssociatedPressreportedKing Husaynagreed
to permit Iraqi troops to return to Jordan to face
Israel.
Nov. 13: The civil aviation authoritysaid Iraq de-
cided to reopen her airspaceto Jordanianaircraft.
Iraq was reported to have refused Hlusayn's
terms for permitting Iraqi troops to be stationed
in Jordan. The terms includedHusayn'scommand
of the Iraqi troops.
Kuwayt
1971
Aug. 26: InteriorMinisterShaykh'Abdallahal-$abah
said communistswould not be allowed to operate
in Kuwaytand the establishmentof politicalparties
would be discouraged.
Sept. 6: Directorof Foreign InvestmentsKhalid Abu
al-Sud said a recent tour of Arab states showed
Kuwayti investments abroad were "in excellent
condition."
SePt. 13: Te Kuwayt Fund for Arab EconomicDe-
velopment agreed to loan Syria KD4m for grain
silos.
Oct. 10: PresidentAnwar al-Sadatof Egypt made a
1 day visit.
Oct. 28: Foreign Minister Shaykh $abah Ahmad al-
$abih said Kuwayt "definitelyrejects"military oc-
cupation of the Tumbs and Abui Musa islands
by Iran and favors preserving their "Arab
character."
Nov. 15: The following Cabinet appointmentswere
announced:
Khalid Diwad Marzaq:Education
Muhammad'Abd al-Latifal-lIamad: Justice
'AbdallahYuisufal-Ghanim:Electricity& Water
Lebanon
(See also Arab-IsraeliConflict, Jordan, Syria)
1971
Aag. 18: It was announcedthe governmentapproved
a bill for the establishmentof a bank for the
development of industry and tourism. The gov-
ernment would contribute 519%of the capital.
Aug. 23: A spokesman for al-Fath announced all
Fath officesin Lebanonwere closed down in keep-
ing with the decision to operate undergroundin
both Lebanon and Jordan.
Aue. 27: Defense Minister Ilyis Saba said Lebanon
was offered "very attractiveprices" by the USSR
for arms and that Lebanonwould make some pur-
chases from the USSR.
Aut. 28: JordanianForeignMinister'Abdallah$alah
left after talks on the tension between Syria and
Jordan.
Sept. 15: A governmentdecree raised import duties
on 500 "luxury"goods.
Sett. 21: The LebaneseMerchantsAssociationbegan
an indefinite strike to protest new import duties.
Set-t. 27: Saudi King Faysalarrived in Beirut for a
state visit.
Sebt. .30: Commandoleader Yasir 'Arafat met with
President Sulaymin Franjiyyahand King Faysal.
An emergencyCabinet meeting decided to can-
cel the decree raising import duties. Minister of
Finance Sabi submitted his resignation but later
agreed to remain in his post at the request of
PresidentFranjiyyah.
Oct. 2: King Faysal left after talks on Arab affairs
and bilateral relations. A joint communiquesaid
a trade agreement which lapsed in 1969 would
be reactivatedfor 2 months while a committee
draws up a new agreement.
Oct. 4: PresidentFranjiyyahacceptedthe resignation
of Minister of Public Works & TransportHenri
Iddih.
Oct. 6: Kamal Khiirl was appointed Minister of
Public Works and Acting Ministerof Agriculture.
Oct. 8: A Tunisianoppositionleader'Umar Suhaymi
was assassinatedin Beirut
Oct. 9: Yemeni PresidentialCouncil Chairman'Abd
al-Rahmanal-Iryanibegan a 3 day officialvisit.
Oct. 11: President Franjiyyahmet with al-Iryini to
discussmeans of aiding Yemen economically.
Oct. 12: A communiqueissued after the departure
of al-Iryanisaid an embassywould be set up in
Sana'a and a team of Lebanese tourism experts
would be sent to Yemen.
Oct. 28: A member of Parliament,Nayif al-Masri,
denied chargesmade by US CongressmanSeymour
Halpern on Oct. 27 that he was the owner of
hashishfields near Baalbeck.
Nov. 3: It was announced that an agreementwas
reachedwith the USSR for the purchaseof military
equipment.
Nov. 5: Public utilities workers began a strike for
better fringe benefits.
Nov. 10: It was announcedthat diplomaticrelations
were established with the People's Republic of
Chinaand ambassadorswould be exchangedwithin
3 months
Nov. 11: Laborunions for the government'sautono-
mous departmentsended a 6 day strike. The trade
unions of 68 private banks began a strike.
 CHRONOLOGY
Libya
(See also Arab-IsraeliConflict,General,Jordan)
1971
Aug. 20: A trial of 107 men chargedwith corrup-
tion under the regime of King Idris opened in
Tripoli.
Aug. 21: Minister of Local Government Mu*taf!
Ya'qtbi-was dismissedfor not taking up his duties.
Aug. 27: Premier Mu'ammar al-Qadhdhafi was
quoted by Al-Hawadithof Beirut as saying Rus-
sian interests would be "seriouslyharmed"if the
USSR allows its Arab relations "to be affected
because of local Communist activities."
Qadhdhifi said the Arabs "shouldreconcilecol-
laboration with the Soviet Union on the inter-
national level with the liquidationof Communists
within the Arab world."
Aug. 28: Chad broke diplomaticrelationswith Libya
following an attempted coap d'etat which Chad
claims was "foreign directed."
Aug. 29: The government denied any involvement
in an abortive coup in Chad.
Sept. 1: Chief of Staff AbuiBakr Yunis said Britain
cancelled a deal to sell 100 Chieftain tanks.
The name of the Libyan "pound"was changed
to "dinar."
Sept. 5: Tunisia agreed to provide technical experts
and instructorsfor Libyan agriculture.
Sept. 6: The New York Times reported "qualified
diplomatic sources" as saying Malta accepted on
Aug. 17 a $12m loan from Libya after refusing a
Soviet aid offer.
Sept. 17: The Revolution Command Council rec-
ognized the Chad National Liberation Front as
the "true" representativeof the Chad people.
Sept. 18: PresidentDiori Hamani of Niger arrived
for talks with QadhdhAfito mediatein the dispute
with Chad.
A truck crashed into Qadhdhafi's car killing
2 guards.
Sept. 22: Tunisian Foreign Minister Muhammad
Masmoudi left after 3 days of talks on bilateral
relations and Libya's relations with Morocco.
Sept. 26: Qadhdhaficancelledhis Sept. 28 meeting
with the Presidents of the Federation of Arab
Republics.
Oct. 2: Beirut's Al-Nah5wsaid the US Ambassador
in Tripoli agreed to US supportof a coup against
Qadhdhafi but then turned the names of con-
spiratorsover to police.
Oct. 7: Qadhdhafisaid Libya would "be compelled
to assume its responsibility to the 4m Muslims
in the Southern Philippines" if "a studied, de-
liberateplan" to exterminatethem was not stopped.
Qadhdhafi said he offered his resignation in
47
Sept. in protest against "bureaucraticinertia" and
public apathytowardhis revolutionaryprogram.
Oct. 8: Middle East Economic Digest reported 13
defendantsout of 60 membersof King Idris'gov-
ernment were acquitted of corruption charges.
Otherswere sentencedto up to 15 yearsin prison.
Oct. 30: EgyptianPresidentAnwar al-Sadit left after
2 days of talks with Qadhdhafidealing with "a
plan to confrontaggression"in the coming period.
Nov. 5: Electionswere held for 200,000 persons to
form the Libyan Arab Socialist Union.
Middle East EconomicDigest reportedthe RCC
decided to set up committees to revise laws to
conform with the shari'a.
Nov. 6: Libyan Radio announcedthat some candi-
dates in the ASU elections committed"irregulari-
ties" resulting in the formation of regional and
tribal blocs and where necessaryelections would
be held again.
Morocco
(See also Libya)
1971
Aug. 17: King Hasan told PremierMuhammadLam-
rani that the reform programoutlined on Aug. 4
was intended as a guide to government action
and not as a restriction.Reform could be extended
to "any sector considereduseful or necessary."
Aug. 18: The US signed an agreement granting
$24.5m credit for purchasesof wheat, cotton and
vegetable oil.
Aug. 24: Minister of Agriculture Mati Jorio said
140,000 hectaresof land would be distributedin
the next 18 months, 1/3 of it to landlesspeasants
before Oct.
Aug. 26: It was announcedthat the price of sugar
would be reduced 18% by the abolition of the
sugar tax beginning Sept. 4.
Sept. 18: In the trial of 193 persons accusedof an
attempted coup in January, 5 were sentenced to
death, 59 were acquitted and the rest received
prison sentences.
British Foreign Secretary Sir Alec Douglas-
Home left after a 3 day visit. He said talks dealt
with how Britain could help Moroccandevelop-
ment and that Britain wnadean initial ?lm loan
offer.
Sept. 30: La Depeche said Premier Lamraniarrived
in Washington for talks.
Oct. 6: It was announced that 3 newspapers,Le
Petit Marocain,La Vigie Marocaineand Espala
y Diario de Africa, were ordered to cease
publication.
Oct. 10: Soviet Premier Aleksei Kosygin ended a
3 day visit during which an agreementwas signed
to grant reciprocal port facilities for merchant
48 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
ships and for the USSR to increaseeconomic aid
to Morocco.
Oct. 22: An agreement was signed under which a Sept. 11: People's Party leader Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
French controlled bank, Socie'te`de Barques do
Maghreb,was taken over by the Moroccanbank,
BMCE.
No,v. 1: An official announcementsaid 3 ex-Minis- Sept. 15: Yahya Khan returnedfrom 1 day of secret
ters, Mamun Tahiri, Abd al-Harim Karim and
Muhammad Jaidi were arrested on charges of
corruption.
Nov. 9: Yahia Chefchaouni,a former Minister of
Public Works, was arrested, bringing the total
number of former Ministers and high officials
charged with corruptionto 13.
Pakistan
(See also Iran)
1971
Aug. 16: Troops made house to house sweeps for
terroristsin Daccato head off a threatenedterrorist
campaign.
Aug. 18: A government spokesmanconfirmedthat
the trial of Shaykh Mujib al-Rahmanhad begun
on schedule "a week ago."
Aug. 24: The New York Times reported "govern-
ment sources"as saying the military governor of
the East Gen. Tikka Khan would be replacedby a
civilian, Dr. A. M. Malik.
Aug. 25: Flooding killed 60 persons in the East.
Tikka Khan said there would be no shortage of
relief funds for affectedareas.
Aug. 30: Ambassadorto the US Agha Hilaly said
US military aid since 1965 was "negligible"and
that cutting economic aid would not cure the
problems of Pakistan.
Sept. 1: A. M. Malik was appointed civilian gov-
ernor of the East to take over administrationfrom
chief of martial law Gen. Tikka Khan.
Sept. 5: Yahya Khan declared a general amnesty
to all "who have committed or are alleged to
have committed offenses during the disturbances Sept. 25: East Pakistan'sMinister of Local Govern-
in East Pakistan beginning March 1, 1971, and
ending Sept. 5, 1971."
Sept. 6: The governmentannouncedthat a number Sept. 27: Debate
of persons, including members of the East Paki-
stani Rifles, were released from detention after
agreeing to work for the "integrity"of Pakistan.
Sept. 9: The New York Times reported that a Sept. 28: Soviet PremierAleksei Kosygin and Indian
Harvard Medical School team warned of the
"largest food deficit" in East Pakistan since the
Bengal famine of 1943 and said 2.9m tons of
food will be needed to offset the deficit but the
government"has failed to acknowledgethe crisis,
much less initiate effective programs."
Sept. 10: Maboub al-Alam, Foreign Secretaryof the
rebel Bangla Desh government,said in India that
a delegation would be formed to attend the UN
General Assemblyand press for the Bengali cause.
warnedthe militaryto hand over power to civilians
or there could be a "civil war even in West
Pakistan."
talks in Iran. A communique said he discussed
matters of mutual importance with the Iranian
government.
An economic advisor to the President,M. M.
Ahmed, was stabbed in an assassinationattempt
in Islamabad.
Sept. 16: The New York Times reported persons
"close"to the governmentas saying Pakistanwas
seeking a summit meeting with India through the
good offices of Iran.
Sept. 18: The official Morning News reported the
secrettrial of ShaykhMujib al-Rahmanhad ended.
Yahya Khan said popularly elected officials
would take part in preparingthe new constitution
but that he would retain absoluteveto power over
the final draft.
India denied contactswith Pakistanwere being
arrangedthrough Iran.
Sept. 19: The US agreed to furnish 2 helicopters,
200 trucksand an additional210,000 tons of grain
for relief in the East.
It was announcedelections would be held be-
tween Nov. 25 and Dec. 9 in East Pakistan to
elect Assemblymen to replace those who were
electedin Dec. 1970 but who were membersof the
outlawed Awami League.
Sept. 22: Police reported in Karachi that Bengali
guerrillas were beginning subversiveactivities in
West Pakistan.
Bhutto said "it is vitally important that by-
elections be held and a National Assembly be
convened by the end of this year." If not, he
added, "those parties which want to fight for
the people must come to the obvious conclusion-
that it cannot be accomplished by the parlia-
mentaryprocess."
ment Muhammad Ishaque was injured when a
bomb exploded in his car.
on the problem of East Pakistan
opened in the UN General Assembly. India ac-
cused Pakistan of conducting a reign of terror
in the East. PakistanchargedIndia with abetting
the revolt, which was a "purely internal matter."
Premier Indira Gandhi issued a joint statement
calling on Pakistan to "take the most effective
steps for the liquidation of tension . . . above
all, to offer an opportunityto the refugees of re-
turning home."
Yahya Khan said the trial of Shaykh Mujib
al-Rahman was continuing and warned against
press speculationon the outcome.
 CHRONOLOGY 49
Sept. 29: The governmentappealed in the UN for offering UN mediation. UN observers reported
direct negotiations with India on the refugee troop deploymentsalong both sides of the com-
problem. mon borders.
Bhutto said "The long night of terror must Oct. 24: The government reported 2 battalionsat-
end. The rule of the generals must end." He tacked from India near Comilla in East Pakistan.
charged that since the elections of Dec. 1'970: Skirmishingwith Indian troops was also reported
"On one pretext or another . . . the abominable in Kashmir.
status quo is being maintained." But he praised Oct. 25: The government said 501 "Indians and
the army'spolicy in East Pakistan. Indian agents"were killed in 2 battlesin the East.
Oct. 4: US SenatorEdwardKennedyexhibited docu- Indian Minister of Defense Ram said Indian
ments showing arms contracts between the US troops would not pull back from the borders"as
and Pakistan as late as July 20 despite State long as the Pakistani threat continues."
Department claims that arms shipments were Oct. 26: Indian PremierGandhi said in Brusselsthat
cut off. there was nothing unusual in the "massivearms
A State Departmentofficialsaid the arms could deliveries"from Russia reportedin the press.
not be shippedwithout a State Departmentlicense. Official reports said 78 more "agents" were
Oct. 5: PakistanaccusedIndia before the UN Gen- killed in the East.
eral Assemblyof waging a clandestinewar against Oct. 27: The governmentsaid India shelled villages
Pakistan"for the past few months." in East Pakistankilling 64 people.
Ambassadorto the UN MahmudAli denounced Nov. 2: The governmentannouncedthat only 25 of
India for refusing to accept UN observerson the the 78 vacatedNational Assemblyseats from East
border while Pakistan had agreed to do so. Pakistan would be contested in the planned
The New York Times reported diplomatic by-elections.
sourcesas saying guerrilla frogmen in Chittagong Nov. 4: The government reported a sharp increase
damageda Greek tanker on Oct. 1. in guerrilla activity in the East including the
Oct. 7: The New York Times reportedthat Muham- sinking of an oil tanker in Chittagong.
mad Asghar Khan, leader of the United People's Nov. 5: Bhutto left for talks in China at the head
Movement,announcedhis party would contest for of a 10 man military and diplomatic delegation
National Assembly seats in by-elections in East to discuss "recent developments in the sub-
Pakistan on a platform of "maximumautonomy continent."
for the provinces within a united Pakistan"and Nov. 7: The New York Times cited "unimpeachable
an end to the economic exploitation of the East. Indian sources"as saying that Indian forces had
The announcementwas censored in Pakistan. crossedthe East Pakistaniborder on Oct. 31 and
Oct. 8: The Governorof EastPakistanMotalebMalik Nov. 1 to retaliate against Pakistani shelling of
proposed that an internationalairlift be organized the Indian village of Kamalpur.
to fly refugees home from India. A Muslim League leader, Gultanuddin Khan,
Oct. 10: The ban on political activity imposed in who was named as a future member of the Pro-
March was lifted by President Yahya Khan in vincial Assembly,was assassinatedin Dacca.
preparationfor by-electionsfor 70 National As- The US announceda decision to cancel licenses
semblymen from East Pakistan. for the export of $3m worth of military equip-
Oct. 12: YahyaKhan said a National Assemblywould ment to Pakistan.
be convened on Dec. 27 after elections are com- At the end of the visit of Bhutto to Peking,
pleted in the East by Dec. 23. China urged India and Pakistanto find a peaceful
Oct. 14: Former Governor of East Pakistan Abdul solution to their dispute but warned that China
Monem Khan died 24 hours after he was shot in would "resolutelysupport"Pakistanin the event
his home. of war.
The New York Times reported "well-informed Nov. 8: Bhutto reportedto Yahya Khan on his talks
sources" in Karachi as saying a North Korean in China which he called a "complete success."
arms shipment had arrived in Karachi. Nov. 9: Authoritiessaid "collectivefines" would be
Oct. 17: Indian Defense Minister Jagjivan Ram imposed in areas where guerrilla action occurs.
warned that India would not withdrawfrom ter- Official reports said 2 companies of Indian
ritory occupiedin the event of war with Pakistan. troops attacked across the border near Comilla
Yahya Khan proposed a mutual withdrawalof but were driven off.
troops from Indo-Pakistaniborders. Nov. 12: US Secretaryof State William Rogers
Oct. 19: The government warned that "appropriate warned that the escalating clashes between India
action" will be taken if Indian planes continue and Pakistan might be leading to all-out war.
alleged violations of Pakistaniairspace. He said the US was urging restraintand would
Oct. 21: The New York Times reported that UJN do "everything we can to stay out" of open
SecretaryGeneral U Thant sent personal appeals hostilities.
to India and Pakistan calling for restraint and Nov. 13: Ambassadorto the UN Agha Shahi met
50 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL

with the Chinese delegate to discuss the dispute Oct. 10: Sir William Luce returned to the region
with India. for a 10 day tour.
Nov. 15: The Soviet official paper Izvestia urged Oct. 27: It was announcedthat Oman and the US
Pakistan to seek a restorationof relations with agreed to establish diplomatic relations at the
India "in the interest of internationalsecurity." Ambassadoriallevel.
Oct. 29: Iraqi special envoy Ahmad Jawrariarrived
in Muscat during a tour of the Gulf states. He
stressed "Iraq'sfull readinessfor joint action to
PersianGulf maintain the Arab characterof the Gulf."
(See also General, Algeria, Iran, Iraq, Nov. 2: Ruler of SharjahShaykh Khalid al-Q5sim
Saudi Arabia,South Yemen) denied reportsthat he refuseda proposalto parti-
tion the island of Abu Musa with Iran. He said
1971 negotiations with Iran were continuing "in an
amicable fashion. Every effort is being made to
Aag. 16: Bahrayn formally applied for UN preservethe integrity of the Arab homeland."
membership. Nov. 8: Kuwayti Foreign Minister Shaykh Sabaih
Aug. 17: Bahrayn's Foreign Minister Muhammad al-Sabih said Iran had refused proposals of the
Bin Mubarak al-Khalifah said Bahrayn's inde- Gulf states to lease Abui Musa and the Tumbs
pendencedid not conflict with its efforts to estab- islands to Iran for 99 years or to station joint
lish a Federationof Arab Gulf Amirates. Arab-Iranianforces on the islands.
Moscow Radio said Britain "foisted"the new
friendshiptreatyon Bahrayn.
Aug. 26: Iran and Oman announcedthat diplomatic Saudi Arabia
relations were established. (See also Lebanon, Jordan)
Sept. 1: Qatar declared independencefrom Britain,
terminating"specialtreatyrelationsand all agree- 1971
ments, engagements and arrangements arising Aug. 22: The 1971/72 budget was approved by
therefrom"that were concluded with the British royal decree. It was up 69% over the previous
government. budget.
Labor demonstratorsclashed with police in EgyptianPresidentAnwar al-Sadatarrivedfrom
Oman. The workers were demanding priority in Damascusfor brief talks with King Faysal.
employmentbe given to Omanis and that a mini- Aug. 24: Hamad al-Shamayriwas appointedchief of
mum wage law be passed. staff of the armed forces.
Sept. 2: The Shah of Iran welcomed the inde- Aug. 27: Middle East Economic Digest reported
pendence of Qatar. Iranian Foreign Minister the 5% income tax levied in 1970 was dropped
Ardeshir Zahedi said an Iranian embassy would becauseincreasedoil revenuecoveredthe subsidies
be established there "in due course." to Jordan and Egypt.
Sept. 7: Abu Dhabi's Minister of Oils returned Sept. 3: Ministerof Defense Sultan ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz
from Iranwherehe said an agreementwas initialled returnedafter a week's visit to Cairo.
demarcating the continental shelf between the Sept. 19: Syrian Foreign Minister 'Abd al-Halim
2 countries. Khaddamleft after talks with Fay$alon bilateral
Sept. 14: The Omani Ministry of Informationan- relations.
nounced that the Phillips oil concessionwas can- Sept. 20: After meeting separately with King Faysal
celled because Dr. Phillips had not "fulfilled the in Saudi Arabia, delegationsrepresentingthe Jor-
conditionsunder which it was granted." daniangovernmentand the Palestiniancommandos
discusseda "workingpaper" for an agreementto
Sept. 23: British Special Envoy Sir William Luce allow commandosto reestablishbases under Jor-
returned to London after a 3 week tour of the danian sovereignty.
region.
Oct. 3: It was announced ambassadorswould be
Oct. 3: The first National Assembly of Abu Dhabi exchangedwith Bahrayn.
opened. Ruler Shaykh Zayd bin Sultin told the Oct. 7: Sudanese Defense Minister Khalid Hasan
Assemblythat a constitutionof the Union of Arab 'Abbas delivered a message from Premier Ja'far
Amirateswould soon be announced. He said the Numayri to King Faysal.
Assembly would discuss laws and make recom- Oct. 16: Faysal met with commando leader Yisir
mendationsand expressed hope that in time As- 'Arafat for talks on the Saudi mediation effort
sembly members would be elected rather than betweenthe commandosand Jordan.
appointed.
Nov. 15: Presidental-Numayriof Sudan arrived in
Oct. 7: Oman was admitted to the UN. Jiddah for talks with Faysal.
 CHRONOLOGY
South Yemen
(See also Algeria)
1971
Aug. 17: The government announcedit would not
recognizethe independenceof Bahrayn.
Aug. 18: Middle East News Agency reported that
Chinese experts had discovered copper and iron
deposits.
Aug. 29: Premier 'Ali N4ir Muhammadappealed
to local businessmento invest in nationaldevelop-
ment projects.
Sept. 20: Three foreign companieswere placedunder
government"custodianship"to "protectthe work-
ers and the national economy."
Sept. 30: Premier Muhammadflew to Moscow for
official talks.
Oct. 2: Premier Muhammadended a visit to the
Soviet Union after signing an agreementfor more
Soviet aid in irrigation, fisheries, and technical
education.
Oct. 5: Tass reported an agreementwas concluded
granting Soviet aid for irrigation projects and a
fish cannery.
Oct. 15: Aden Radio announcedthat a member of
the ProvisionalPeople's Council, Silih N4ir, was
killed by a mine planted by "Saudimercenaries."
Oct. 21: Aden Radio reporteda 3 day battle against
"mercenaries"at Balaq was successful and that
documents were found proving US and Saudi
support of the rebels.
Oct. 27: Aden Radio said 50 teachers from Arab
countrieswould come to the country financed by
Libya.
Nov. 5: The Arab World reported army Chief of
Staff Ahmad Abdah as saying troops supportedby
aircraft launched a "preventiveattack" against a
rebel camp in al-Balaqregion of North Yemen.
Sudan
(See also Egypt, Saudi Arabia)
1971
Aug. 15: PremierJa'far al-Numayrireceived a mes-
sage from China expressing support for Sudan's
"struggleto preserveits independenceand to cope
with all forms of pressure."
Aug. 16: Agence FrancePressequoted Chief of Staff
Muhammad Muhammad as saying the activities
of Soviet advisors were "temporarilyfrozen" but
that some were "proceedingwith their regular
tasks."
Aug. 18: The curfew in Khartumwas lifted.
Aug. 20: Middle East Economic Digest reported
MuhammadIbrahimNujuldwas elected to replace
51
'Abd al-Khaliq Mahjfib as SecretaryGeneral of
the CommunistParty.
Aug. 21: EgyptianPresidentAnwaral-Saditmet with
Numayri in Khartum to discuss "recent de-
velopments."
Aug. 24: A $35m economic agreementwas signed
with China providing Chinese aid in road build-
ing and the constructionof a weaving factory.
Aug. 26: A letter from Southernrebel leaderJoseph
Lagu to the UgandaArgus called on Numayri to
meet rebel leaders for talks on ways to end the
civil war. The letter expressed concern with
Sudan's friendliness with Communist China and
the subjugationof African interests by intention
to join the Federationof Arab Republics.
Aug. 28: Britain agreed to a loan of ?10m to pur-
chase British goods.
Sept. 4: An official 3 man trade delegation began a
2 week visit to Britain.
Sept. 10: Numayri accused the USSR and all East
European countries except Yugoslavia of being
directlyinvolved in the July coup.
Sept. 12: The trial of Rolf Steiner, a German ac-
cused of fighting with rebels in the South, ended
after 41 days.
Sept. 15: A Presidentialreferendumbegan on the
nominationof Numayri.
Sept. 18: Numayni said he would personallysuper-
vise developmentplans for the South which had
not been fulfilled in the past because former
Southern Affairs Minister Joseph Garang was a
communistworkingagainstSoutherninterests.
Sept. 21: Numayri warned that he would call for a
plebiscite if the government attempts to obstruct
his policies.
Oct. 4: It was announcedthat the US agreed to a
loan of $18m to purchaseUS wheat and consumer
goods.
Oct. 12: Numayri was sworn in as President.
Oct. 14: A new Cabinetwas formed:
President Ja'far al-Numayri: Premier and
Planning
Khalid Hasan 'Abbas: Defense
MansurKhalid: Foreign Affairs
Muhammad Ahmad: Interior
Ahmad Sulayman: Justice
'Abd al-Rahman 'Abdallah: Public Service &
AdministrativeReform
Ja'far Muhammad'Ali Bakhit: Local Gover-
ment
MubarakSinidah: Housing and Public Utilities
AbuaMuhammadIbrihim: Health
Bashir 'Abbadi: Communications
Musa 'Awad Bilal: Supply
'Abd al-Ilalim 'Abd al-Rahmin: Treaswy
Ibrahim ManEu-r: Economy & Trade
Ahmad 'Abd al-Rahmanal-'Aqil: Industry
Zayn Muhammad'Abd al-Qadir:Transport
Wadi Habashi: Agriculture
'UthmanAbiual-Qasim:RuralDevelopmentand
52 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
Cooperatives
Yahya 'Abd al-Majid: Irrigation and Electric
Power
MuhammadHamnzth:Animal Production
Muhyl al-Din Sabir: Education
'Umar al-Hajj Misa: Informatio-nand Culture
$allh 'Abd al-Mabriik:Youth, Sportsand Social
Affairs
'Awn al-Sharif:Awqaf
Alhmad Muhammad al-Hasan: Research &
Higher Education
Abui al-Qisim Hashim: State for Presidency
Affairs
MuisaMubarak:State for CabinetAffairs
Abel Alier: State for SouthernAffairs
Oct. 15: Middle East Economic Digest cited press
reports that the US agreed to loans worth $18m
and to provide aid for refugees.
Oct. 26: The SudaneseSocialistUnion assumedown-
ershipof the Sudanesepressby officialdecree.
Nov. 7: Numayri ended a 6 day visit to Ethiopia.
A communiquesaid it was agreed "to take all the
necessarymeasuresto prevent any activitiesaimed
at the nationalunity and integrityof each country."
Nov. 9: Rolf Steiner was sentenced to 20 years in
prison for fighting with Southernrebels.
Syria
(See also Arab-IsraeliConflict,General, Iraq,
Jordan, Kuwayt, Saudi Arabia)
1971
Aug. 29: The People's Council approved the pro-
posed constitution of the Federation of Arab
Republics.
Aug. 30: The Ba'th Party announced a new inter-
national leadership was elected including 6
Syrians and 10 from representativesfor organi-
zations in other Arab countries. President H.A
al-As'adwas elected SecretaryGeneral.
Sept. 2: It was announced that Jordanianstudents
would be permittedto cross the borderinto Syria.
Sept. 15: Premier 'Abd al-RahmiinKhulayfiwi in-
auguratedthe first phosphateplant at Khunayfis.
Sept. 20: FrenchMinisterof Statefor ForeignAffairs
Jean de Lipkowski arrived for talks in a "new
phase of Franco-Syrianrelations which must be-
come much closer in all fields."
Sept. 27: The Damascus-Baghdad roadwas completed.
Oct. 2: Syrian News Agency reportedFranceoffered
loans toUlling 120m francs.
Oc. 5: Commando leader Yasir 'Arafat's car was
attackedby unknown gunmen and the driver was
killed near the Israelilines.
Oct. 24: Lebanese Foreign Minister Khalil Abui
kIamadpaid a 1 day visit to discuss activities in
Lebanonopposed to the Syriangovernment.
Oct.27: A delegationled by People'sAssemblyChair-
man Ahmad Khatib returnedfrom a 10 day visit
to the USSR.
JordanianForeign Minister 'Abdallth Salih ar-
rived for 1 day of talks on bilateralrelations.
Tunisia
(See also Lebanon,Libya)
1971
Aug. 31: A Japanesetrade delegation arrived for 3
days to discuss increasingtrade.
Sept. 4: PresidentBourguibadismissedInteriorMin-
ister Ahmad Mestiri and Premier Nouira was
appointed acting Minister.
Sept. 28: Destour Party Director MuhammadBin
Amara said "elements have infiltrated" certain
unions "to sow discord and undermine the basis
of nationalunion."
Oct. 5: Foreign MinisterMuhammadMasmouditold
the UN that Europe should play a more active
rflle in the Mediterraneanto offset the US-USSR
rivalry there.
Oct. 8: Peking Radio announceddiplomaticrelations
would be resumed.
Oct. 11: Bourguibatold the Destour Party Congress
that he was "losing sleep" worrying about who
would succeedhim and warnedthe Congressagainst
"voices of subversion"in its midst.
Oct. 15: United Press Internationalreportedthat ex-
Interior Minister Mestiri told the Destour Party
Congress on Oct. 12 that Bourguiba'ssuccessor
should be elected but that on Oct. 14 Bourguiba
told the Congress that he had chosen Premier
Nouira to succeedhim.
Oct. 20: Bourguiba issued an order suspending
Mestiri from holding party responsibilityand re-
ferring him to a party disciplinarycommittee.
Oct. 26: PresidentBourguibaasked Premier Nouira
to form a new Cabinetand appointedNouira Sec-
retary General of the Destour Socialist Party.
Oct. 29: A new Cabinetwas announced:
Hedi Nouira: Premier
Taleb Slim: State
MuhammadBellalouna: Justice
MuhammadMasmoudi:Foreign Affairs
Hedi Knefacha: Interior
Bachir Mhedhebi: Defe-nse
MansourMoalla: Planning
MuhammadFitouri: Finance
Dhaoui Hannablia: Economy
MuhammadMzali: Education
Driss Guiga: Health
MuhammadSaqah: Public Works and Housing
Chedly Klibi: Cultureand Information
FarhatDachraoui:Social Affairs
Habib Ben Cheikh: P1T
Turkey
(See also Cyprus,Iraq)
 CHRONOLOGY
1971
Aug. 16: A military prosecutorasked for the death
penalty for 13 persons accused of killing Israeli
Consul-GeneralEphraimElrom.
Aug. 19: The Justice Party decided to support the
government'sproposedconstitutionalamendments.
Sept. 6: The Assembly ratified the government's
proposed constitutional amendments by a vote
of 357 to 2.
Sept. 20: The Senatepassedthe government'samend-
ments to the constitutionby a vote of 134 to 12.
Sept. 23: The National Assembly voted to extend
martial law for 2 months starting Sept. 26.
Sept. 26: Communications Minister Haluk Arik
resigned.
Sept. 27: Ceremonieswere held in Van opening a
rail link to Tehran.
Sept. 28: Minister of Power & Natural Resources
Ihsan Topaloglu resigned. Minister of Justice
Ismail Arar and Minister of Public Works Cahit
Karaka?were named acting ministers to replace
Topaloglu and Arik respectively.
Oct. 5: The Justice Party AdministrativeCouncil
announced that it decided to recall the 5 JP
memberswho were serving in the Cabinet.
JP Ministers of State and Customs, Dogan
Kitapli and Haydar Ozalp, announced their
resignations.
Oct. 9: Eighteen persons were sentenced to death
for terrorism,3 were sentenced to prison terms
and 3 were acquitted.
Oct. 11: US Vice PresidentSpiro Agnew arrivedfor
a visit.
Oct. 12: SelahattinBaburoglu and Atilla Sav were
appointedMinistersof Communicationsand Power
& NaturalResources,respectively,afterresignations
of the other Ministers were accepted.
Premier Nihat Erim said the post of Minister
of Statevacatedby Dogan Kitapli was abolished.
Oct. 13: Vice PresidentAgnew left after expressing
US supportfor the government'sreform effort.
Oct. 27: Premier Erim's Cabinet submitted a resig-
nation but President Sunay persuaded the gov-
ernment to remain in office. Sunay said Erim had
"the full support and confidence of Parliament,
the Turkish armed forces and Turkish public
opinion."
Nov. 6: The Justice Party voted to permit its mem-
bers to remain in the Cabinetand said it had not
withdrawn support from the government.
Yemen
(See also Iraq, Lebanon)
1971
Aug. 20: Gen. IHasanal-'Amri was appointed to
form a new government.
Aug. 22: It was reported West Germany agreed to
53
loan an additional ?2m for the Sana'a-Taizroad
bringing the total investmentto ?8.2m.
Aug. 24: A new Cabinetwas formed:
IHasanal-'Amri: Premier
'Abd al-SalamSabrah: Deputy Premier for In-
ternl Affairs
MuhammadSa'idal-'Attar:Economyand Deputy
Premierfor Finance
Husayn Maqdami: Health
'Abdallahal-Dabi: Communications
MuhammadAhmad Junayd: Agriculture
Ahmad Jabir Afif: Education
'Ali 'Abdallahal-'Amri:Local Administration
'Abd al-Qidir 'Abdallah:Justice
Yahya Muhammadal-Dahyat: Awqaf
'Abd al-Majidal-Asnaj:Foreign Affairs
'Ali Radidi: Interior
'Abdallih Sinbani: Treasury
Ahmad Dahsh: Information
'Abdallih al-Sa'id: Public Works
Aug. 26: Premier'Amrl said Yemen'smajorproblem
was the economyand criticizedex-PremierAhmad
MuhaWmadNu'man for making public the coun-
try'sdebt.
Sept. 4: It was announced that Premier 'Amri re-
signed from his post and seat in the Republican
Council.
'Amri's resignation was accepted by an emer-
gency session of the ConsultativeAssembly.
Sept. 6: The New York Times reportedfrom Beirut
that 'Amri was forced to resign by President'Abd
al-Rahman al-Iryini after 'Amri killed a shop-
keeper who unknowingly insulted him.
Sept. 18: A new Cabinetwas announced:
Muhsin al-'Ayn1:Premierand Foreign Minister
Ibrahimal-Hamdi: Deputy Premierfor Internal
Affairs
'Abd al-Lat-ifDayfallah: Communications
MuhammadJunayd:Development
'Abduh 'Uthmin: Minister of State for Unity
Affairs
'Abd al-Karimal-'Arshi:Treasury
'AbdallahHarman: PresidentialAffairs
'Abdallih 'Abd al-Majidal-Asnaj:Economy
'Ahmad Dahmash: Information
'Abdallih al-Dabi: Public Works
Salah al-Ma*ri:State
Yahyia'Abdallilhal-Dahyani: Awqaf
MuhammadQa'id al-Aghiri: Health
Salim al-Razihi: Interior
'Abd al-Salamal-'Addad:Local Administration
'Abd al-Jabbaral-Mujahid:Agriculture
Sa'id al-Hukaymi:Sapply Minister
Sept. 21: Premier al-'Ayni told the Iraqi News
Agency the governmentwould sharply reduce its
spending and invite assistancefrom "everyonewho
is preparedto exploit the naturalresourcesof the
country."
Oct. 12: Iraq announcedit agreedto a loan of ID 3m
during the visit of Iryani.