Chronology February 16, 1972-May 15, 1972

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Source: Middle East Journal, Vol. 26, No. 3 (Summer, 1972), pp. 290-305
Published by: Middle East Institute
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4324947 .
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 CHRONOLOGY
February16, 1972 -May 15, 1972
Arab IsraeliConflict
1972
Feb. 17: EgyptianPresident Anwar al-Sadataccused
Israeli intelligence of distributingsubversiveleaf-
lets during Egyptian student demonstrationsin
Januaryand said 2 Belgiansand a Frenchmanwere
arrestedin the case.
Feb. 18: MuhammadHaykal,editor of al-Ahram,said
US sponsored "proximitytalks" with Israel were
a "trap"designedto transformthe conflictfrom an
internationalcrisis into a local dispute.
Feb. 19: The Israeli governmentsaid it would "con-
sider"requeststo clear Arab dwellings and expose
and restorefully the Western Wall of the Temple
Mountin Jerusalem.
UN Special Envoy Gunnar Jarring met with
EgyptianForeign Minister Murad Ghalib in "ex-
ploratory"talks in Cairo.
Feb. 20: UN Special Envoy Jarring flew to Cyprus
from Cairo. He said his "exploratory"talks in Feb. 27: Newsweek magazinequoted EgyptianPresi-
Egypt were "merely to learn the latest develop-
ments in the situation"and that they were "suc-
cessful."
Feb. 21: Jarringmet with the Israeli Ambassadorto
Cyprus.Israel said Jarringwould soon visit Jeru- Feb. 28: The JerusalemPost reportedFrenchofficials
salemfor talks.
Israel conductedlarge scale military maneuvers
in Sinai before hundredsof invited observers.
Feb. 22: A West German jet airliner with 189 per-
sons aboard was hijacked on a flight from New
Delhi to Athensand flown to Aden.
All 172 passengersaboard the jet hijacked to
Aden were releasedafter negotiationsbetween the
Yemeni government and the hijackers.A group
called Organizationof the Victims of Zionist Oc-
cupation claimed responsibilityfor the hijacking.
Feb. 23: Jarringmet with King lusayn of Jordanin
Amman.
The hijackersof the German jet freed the crew
of 14 and surrenderedto Yemeni authorities.
Feb. 24: Israeli Chief of Staff David Elazarwarned
Lebanonof possible reprisalsafter 2 Israeliswere
killed in an ambushnear the border.
290
A Lebanesespokesmansaid the ambushershad
not come from Lebanon.
Feb. 25: West German Transport Minister Georg
Leber said his government paid $5m as ransom
to the Popular Front for the Liberationof Pales-
tine (PFLP) for the jet and crew hijackedto Aden.
Jarring met with Israeli leaders in Jerusalem.
Israeli Foreign Minister Abba Eban said Jarring
"did not ask for any new commitments"and his
"missionwill certainlycontinue."
Israeliplanes, tanks and troops drove into Leba-
non. Israel claimed 5 Palestiniancommandoswere
killed and 21 buildings destroyed.
Lebanonsaid 7 commandoswere killed and 40
or 50 buildings destroyed,20 in the village of
Ainata, and called for a UN Security Council
meeting.
Feb. 26: Israeli forces continued attacks on com-
mando positions in southern Lebanon.
In the UN SecurityCouncil, the USSR called
for sanctionsagainstIsraeland said the UN should
considerexpelling Israel.
dent Sadat as saying the US plan for "proximity"
talks with Israel was a "deadhorse."
Israeliplanes and troopsraidedcommandoposi-
tions in southernLebanon.
as saying there was no proof to support Israeli
charges that Egyptian pilots were flying French
Miragejets from Franceto the Middle East.
An Israeli spokesmansaid Israel's forces with-
drew from Lebanonafter completingtheir mission
of destroying commando camps and equipment.
He reported that the Israelis did not encounter
Lebaneseforces and met only light resistancefrom
the Palestinians.
The UN Security Council called unanimously
on Israel to "withdrawall its military forces from
Lebaneseterritory."An American preamble con-
demning "all actions which have resulted in the
loss of innocent lives" was defeated.
Feb. 29: Lebanesetroops and tanks moved into the
Arquibregion to occupy guerrilla positions which
had been under attack by Israel. The New York
Times quoted a leader of al-Sa'iqahas saying the
 CHRONOLOGY
commandoswere readyto considera "revision"of
their position in Lebanon.
Mar.1: Israeliand Syrianplanesattackedborderposi-
tions. Israel said her raids were against suspected
commando positions after night mortar attacks
against Israel.
Mar.2: Syriareportedthat Israelijets were prevented
from entering Syrian airspaceover Latakia.
Mar. 4: Israeli Defense Minister Moshe Dayan said
the Palestinian commandoswere faced with the
problem of "to be or not to be" and that Israel
forced a "fundamentalchange"in Lebanesepolicy
towardthe commandoswhom Lebanonwould soon
restrictthrough control of the borderarea.
Mar. 5: Cairo'sMiddle East News Agency reported
that at the request of Lebanon,al-Fath agreed to
suspend "temporarily"attacks against Israel "in
order to avoid Israeli reprisals."
Mar 6: Beirut'sal-NaharreportedLibyaconcludedan
agreementwith the USSR to purchase advanced
offensive weapons for eventual delivery to Egypt.
Mar. 7: LebanesePremier Sa'ib Salim reported his
government had received another warning from
Israel through the UN Mixed Armistice Commis-
sion and that Lebanonmight take the issue to the
UN SecurityCouncil.
Israeli Foreign Minister Eban said a way was
being sought to reactivatethe Jarringmission but
that the US plan seemeda more realisticapproach.
He said Jarring continuedto seek an Israeli com-
mitment to total withdrawal but that "we have
neither accepted nor shall we accept this condi-
tion."
Mar. 8: Syrian President Hafiz al-As'ad said Syria
would acceptUN SecurityCouncil ResolutionNo.
242 on the condition that it means recoveryof all
Arab territoryoccupiedin 1967 and the "reestab-
lishment of the rights of the Palestinianpeople."
Mar. 9: Israeli jets raidedin Lebanonin responseto
alleged rocket attackson Israeli territory.A Leba-
nese spokesmansaid 9 buildings were destroyed
by the planes.
IsraeliMinisterof CommerceHaim Bar-Levsaid
Egypt had no missiles capable of striking popu-
lated centers in Israel.
Mar. 14: The governmentof Jordansubmittedto the
USSR, England, Franceand the US a plan for a
West Bank entity.
Leader of the PFLP George Habash said the
"total impotence of bourgeois Arab regimes"was
evident in their hostility to the liberation move-
ment and he denounced hijacking of all but
Israeliplanes.
Mar. 15: King Husayn made public a plan to create
a "FederatedArab Kingdom"out of 2 autonomous
regions, the East and West Banks, with an open
invitation for "other liberated territories"to join.
An officialIsraeli spokesmansaid Husayn'splan
"negatesthe cause of peace."He added that there
was no Israeli-Jordanian understandingon the plan
291
and that any talks with Jordan would have to be
without prior conditions.
Iraq said it would propose a plan for "unity"
with Syriaand Egypt in orderto "foil conspiracies
and abolishall defeatistplans"advancedby Jordan.
Egypt'sal-Ahramsaid Iiusayn's plan was made
in collusionwith Israeland againstthe Arab cause.
Mar. 16: Sadatsaid Egypt was producingand on the
way to producing"all advancedwar equipmentin
our land."
Husayn said his plan for the West Bank could
be carriedout only after the Israeli occupationis
terminatedand that it was proposed in order to
"foil the enemy's designs"in the West Bank.
IsraeliPremierGolda Meir said: "No unilateral
declarations or actions whatsoever will bring
Jordanone inch nearerto peace."
Mar. 17: JordanianForeignMinister'AbdallahSalah
said Jordanwas not seeking a unilateralpeace set-
tlement with Israel.
Editor of al-AhramHaykal said the US Central
Intelligence Agency was behind Jordan's West
Bankplan.
Mar. 18: The PresidentialCouncil of the Federation
of Arab Republics issued a statementsaying the
US was behind Husayn'sproposal in an attempt
"to shatterour forces further."
Mar. 19: London'sSunday Telegraph reported that
Israeland Jordanreachedan understandingto pro-
mote tourism which would permit travelers to
travel by bus directlyfrom Jordaninto Israel.
Mar. 20: Chairman of the Palestine Liberation
Organization(PLO) Ya.sir'Arafatand Iraqi lead-
ers issued a statement that they had agreed on
"practicalsteps" to combat King Ijusayn's West
Bank proposal.
The New York Times reported "informed
sources in Cairo" as saying the USSR agreed to
assist Egypt in correctingdeficienciesin Egyptian
producedground-to-groundmissiles.
Mar. 21: PLO leader 'Arafat charged that King
Husayn and Premier Meir met in Aqaba "recent-
ly" and that a Jordanianofficerwho was present
at the meeting had defectedto Cairo.
Mar.22: The UN Human Rights Commissionpassed
a resolution saying Israel's actions in occupied
Arab territorywas an "affrontto humanity."
Mar.23: Israeli authoritiesarrestedHikmat Masrnof
Nablus on chargesof attemptingto sabotagelocal
elections.
King Ijusayn said there was "nothing immedi-
ate" about his federationplan and denied that any
agreementhad been reachedwith Israel.
Israel said the UN Human Rights Commission
resolutionhad no "moralor juridicalvalidity"and
was adopted by a minority of the Commissionby
a vote of 15 to 4 with 11 abstentions and 2
absences.
Mar. 24: Israeli Deputy Premier Yigal Allon said
King Iusayn's concept of a federation between
292 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
East and West Banks might provide a better solu-
tion to the Palestinianproblem than other frame-
works but that Husayn'sproposal for future bor-
ders would be unacceptable.
Mar.26: Israelsaid that armyofficerswho had "over-
stepped their authority"in evacuatingArabs from
certainareasof the Sinai would be disciplined.
Mar. 27: Israeli Minister Without Portfolio Israel
Galili told the Knesset that the Gaza Strip would
not again be separatedfrom Israeland that Gaza's
status would not be open to question after peace
is achieved.
Mat. 28: Electionswere held for municipalofficesin
the Nablus region of the West Bank. Officialssaid
85 % of the electorate,or 14,000, went to the polls.
Mar. 29: King Husayn proposed that Israel and
Jordanshare the administrationof Jerusalemas an
"open"city under a peace agreement.
Mar. 31: Sadat said war with Israel "is inevitable"
and EgyptianMinister of War MuhammadSadiq
declared:"We cannot liberate our land without a
war.
Apr. 1: The UN Relief Works Agency announced
Norway made an "extraordinarycontribution"of
$138,000.
Apt. 6: The Palestine National Congressopened in
Cairo.
Apr. 7: UN SecretaryGeneral Kurt Waldheim said
the chances of reviving the Jarring mission "are
not the best at present."
Apr. 8: UN SecretaryGeneral Waldheim reported
that UN Relief Works Agency programsfor Pales-
tinian refugees would have to be reduceddrastic-
ally if more funds aren't received in 8 weeks to
alleviate the $4.5m deficitfor the fiscal year.
Apr. 11: The Palestine National Congressended its
meetings in Cairo after passing a resolution call-
ing for Arab states to blockadeJordanianexports.
Apr. 12: Beirut's al-Nahar reported Saudi Arabia
and Kuwayt signed agreements with Egypt to
supply the latter with offensive weapons if a war
begins with Israel.
Apr. 18: It was announcedin Israel that Meir would
soon visit Rumaniain connectionwith a new peace
makingeffort.
Apr. 19: The UN Security Council announced it
approveda Lebaneserequestfor more UN observ-
ers on the border with Israel and the number
would be increasedfrom 7 to 21.
Apt. 21: Mayorof Gaza Rashid Shawacalled on the
UN to "come to our rescue and protection by
taking over the administrationof our occupied
homeland until such time as Security Council
ResolutionNo. 242 can be implemented."
Israeli ForeignMinisterEban said Rumaniahad
advised Israel that she would use her "positionof
mutualconfidence"to clarifythe positionsof Egypt
and Israel to each other.
The New York Times reported "reliable
sources" in Beirut as saying the PLO's leader
'Arafat gave Lebanon assurance that guerrillas
would not interfere with the new UN observers
on the Lebanese-Israeliborder.
Apr. 23: Israelfreed 100 prisonersin the Gaza Strip
as part of an amnestyprogram.
The IsraeliLaborPartysaid the governmenthad
endorseda plan by IsraeliDefense MinisterDayan
to permit Gaza Arabs to cross the "green line"
into Israel during daylight hours.
Apr. 25: Sadatsaid Egypt was preparingfor war and
that all Israeli occupied territorywould be liber-
ated within a year.
Dayan said Gaza inhabitantsmust be treatedas
Israeli citizens and Gaza must receive full senrices
as long as Gaza was under Israeli control. In a
meeting with Dayan, Mayor Shawa asked for
grants to improve city servicesbut added that eco-
nomic cooperationdid not imply political aquies-
cence.
Apr. 27: Haykal said Egypt turned down an offer
from Rumaniato mediate in the Arab-Israelicon-
flict.
Sadatarrivedin Moscow for talks on the Arab-
Israeli situation.He was accompaniedby the new
Air Force CommanderHusni Mubarak.
Apr. 28: The New York Times reported that UN
Secretary General Waldheim had suggested to
Israel and Egypt peace talks under his chairman-
ship.
Sadatmet with Soviet PremierAleksei Kosygin
and CommunistParty leader Leonid Brezhnev in
Moscow to discussthe Arab-Israeliconflict.
Apr. 29: Sadatleft Moscowand a joint communique
said "The Arab states have every reason to use
other means" besides political ones to recover
Arab lands and that "importantappropriatemeas-
ures" were "arranged"for "furtherstrengthening
of military cooperation."
Apr. 30: Israel began a programof permittingGaza
Arabs to cross into Israel.
May 1: Sadatsaid he had "a guaranteethat within a
reasonableperiod we will have the power to liber-
ate our land,"and said Egypt'senemiesshould read
the joint Soviet communique"two, three, four and
five times."
The Arab Boycott of Israel Office warned the
Vickers Companyof England to cancel a contract
to build 3 submarinesfor Israel or else Vickers
would lose a $500m contract for a drydock in
Bahrayn.
May 2: The second phase of West Bank municipal
elections were held. Israeli authorities reported
large voter turnoutsof 80 to 90% in the 12 par-
ticipatingtowns. ShaykhMuhammad'All al-Ja'barl
who was unopposed in Hebron was proclaimed
mayor.
May 4: Jarringended 2 days of talks at the UN on
the possibilities for Arab-Israelinegotiations and
then flew to Moscowto resumehis duties as Swed-
ish ambassador.
 CHRONOLOGY
May 6: After meeting in Algeriafor 3 days,the presi- the principle of producing countries'participation
dents of Egypt, Libya and Algeria issued a com-
munique saying the battle against Israel "is inevit- Saudi Minister of Oil Yamani, said the previous
able" and should be "basedon co-ordinatedArab
action."
May 8: Four Arabsof the Black SeptemberOrganiza- May 11: The Arab Boycott of Israel Office of the
tion hijacked a Belgian plane to Tel Aviv and
threatenedto blow it up if Israelwould not release
300 Palestiniansfrom Israeli prisons.
May 9: Israeli troops killed 2 hijackersand captured marines.
2 on the Belgian plane in Tel Aviv.
General
1972
Mar. 4: A conference of 31 Foreign Ministers of
Islamic countries ended in Jiddah after adopting
a resolutioncalling on majorpowersto force Israel
to withdraw from Arab territory.It was also de-
cided to found an Islamic bank and to send dele-
gations to Pakistanand the Philippinesto mediate
disputesinvolving Muslims.
Mar. 5: Egypt, Iraq and Syria were admittedto the
Organizationof Arab PetroleumExporting Coun-
tries (OAPEC). The Ministerial Council of
OAPEC also initialled an agreement to establish
an Arab oil tankerfleet.
Mar. 11: The Organizationof Petroleum Exporting
Countries (OPEC) met in Beirut to consider an
offer from the Arabian American Oil Company
(ARAMCO) for a 20% share in the companyby
the producingcountries.
Mar. 12: The Presidentsof Syria, Egypt and Libya
took an oath of office as the PresidentialCouncil
of the Federationof Arab Republics (FAR). The
firstFAR Assemblywas convenedin Cairo.
OPECacceptedARAMCO'soffer for 20% par-
ticipation in the company by Saudi Arabia,
Kuwayt, Iraq, Iran, Abu Dhabi and Qatar.
Mar. 20: The Arab Socialist Action Party said its
founder, Dr. George Habash, was expelled from
the party for "subversiveand deviationist activi-
ties."
Mar. 30: OPEC SecretaryGeneral Nadim Pachachi
said OPEChad no intention of drivingWesternoil
companies out or of seeking complete national-
ization. He said he hoped the companies would
"play" an important "though somewhat down-
graded" role in the future and that OPEC'saim
was 51% ownership.
Apr. 7: The members of OAPEC signed an agree-
ment to establisha tankerfleet.
Apr. 16: Negotiations on "participation"between
major oil companiesoperatingin the PersianGulf
region and producing countries, represented by
Saudi Oil Minister Ahmad Zaki Yamini, ended
their second round in San Francisco and were
scheduledto resumein Saudi Arabiaon May 7.
May 7: Negotiations resumed in Saudi Arabia be-
tween oil companiesand PersianGulf producerson
293
in the oil industry. The chief Arab negotiator,
round of talks in San Franciscowas "unproduc-
tive."
Arab League warned that British interests in the
Arab world would be endangeredby the Vickers
Company'sagreementto supply Israel with sub-
Afghanistan
(See also Iraq)
1972
Mar. 22: Premier Abdul Zahir returned from a 1
week visit to the USSR.
Apr. 3: Indian ForeignAffairsMinisterSwaranSingh
left after a 3 day visit and talks on economic aid
and cooperation. A joint communique said the
number of Indian technicianswould be increased
in the fields of agriculture,industry,power, health
and financeand that Afghanis would receive train-
ing in India.
Apr. 4: The People'sRepublicof China signed a pro-
tocol to increasetrade.
Apr. 15: It was announcedthat Minister of Educa-
tion EnayatSeraj resignedfor "health reasons."
Algeria
(See also Arab-IsraeliConflict,Libya, South Yemen,
Tunisia,Yemen)
1972
Feb. 18: The USSR signed an agreementraising the
value of annual bilateral trade from $180m in
1972 to $210m in 1974.
Feb. 19: Libyan President Mu'ammaral-Qadhdhafi
met with President Boumedienne in Oran after
visiting Mauritania.
Feb. 24: Boumediennesaid the outstandingpolitical
problems with France had been solved and that
Algeria was ready to develop economic and cul-
tural ties with France.
Mar. 11: RumanianPresidentNicolae Ceausescuar-
rived for officialtalks with Boumedienne.
Mar. 15: The registrationof land began for the land
reformprogram.
Mar. 16: Rumanian President Ceausesculeft after
signing an agreementto loan $100m and to estab-
lish an economic cooperationcommittee.
Mar. 24: Tunisian PremierHadi Nouira arrivedfor
10 daysof talkson Maghribcooperationand Medi-
terraneansecurity.
Mar.27: PresidentBoumediennemet with US Assist-
ant Secretaryof State David Newsom for talks on
economic questions.
Apr. 1: Tunisian PremierNouira left after condud-
ing 2 economic agreements.A joint communique
294 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
called for the abolition of all foreign bases in the
Mediterraneanand for EEC-Maghribcooperation.
Apr. 7: EgyptianForeignMinisterMurid Ghalib ar-
rived for a 5 day official visit and talks with
Boumedienne on economic cooperation and the
Arab-Israeliproblem.
Apr. 21: A South Yemeni delegationled by Foreign
MinisterMuhammad'Awlaqiended 5 daysof talks
on the situationin the Yemen region and the Per-
sian Gulf. A communiquesaid Algeria offered to
mediate the dispute between North and South
Yemen.
Apr. 29: MauritanianPresidentOuld Daddah ended
2 days of talks after a joint communiquestressed
the need to "speedthe liberation"of the Spanish
Sahara.
May 8: Cuban Premier Fidel Castro arrived for an
official12 daysvisit.
May 15: Boumedienneinaugurateda fertilizer plant
at Annabaand the expansionof the steel complex
at al-Hadjar.
Cyprus
(See also Arab-IsraeliConflict)
1972
Feb. 19: Defense MinisterEpaminodasKomodromos
warned that a "fratricidalwar" might result from
the dispute with Greece.
Greek Deputy Foreign Minister Xanthopoulos-
Palamassaid Greece "adheresto the independence
of Cyprus"and that the intercommunaltalks could
continue "after the settlement of the Czech arms
imports issue."The New York Times reportedan
"authoritativeGreek source" as saying a Greek
Ambassadorwould not return to Cyprus "until
relations between Athens and Nicosia are cleared
up."
Feb. 21: The New York Times reported "qualified
diplomatic sources"in Greece as saying the US
persuadedGreece not to carryout a plan to oust
PresidentMakariosby force in Feb.
Mar. 2: The 3 bishops of the Holy Synod of the
Cypriot Orthodox Church called on President
Makariosto resign on the ground that it was a
violation of canon law for a churchmanto hold
temporalpower.
Mat. 3: An officialGreekspokesmansaid the govern-
ment decided on "irrevocableinsistence" on the
Greek demandsof Feb. 11 to Makarios.
Large demonstrations were held in support of
PresidentMakariosin Nicosia. The rally was called
by the Cyprus FarmersUnion and supported by
the Cyprus Trade Union Confederation.
Mar. 4: Greek Deputy Foreign Minister Xantho-
poulos-Palamassaid Greece"disapprovesof the use
of violence" in Cyprus but "insists unshakeably"
on the acceptanceof the Greek proposalsof Feb. Apr. 2: Makariossaid the governmentwas willing to
11.
Mar. 5: Nea Proini reported George Grivas promised
to protect the 3 orthodox bishops of the Cypriot
Synod after demonstrations were held outside the
Bishopric in Limassol and a guard was wounded by
a sniper.
Mar. 9: Bishops Anthimos and Gennadios of the
Holy Synod said their call for Makarios' resigna-
tion from the Presidency had no relation to Athens.
Anthimos said: "We believe that our Archbishop
is bringing dishonor on the church by surrounding
himself with armed guards and the political ten-
sions in which he moves."
Mar. 11: The New York Times reported "reliable
diplomatic sources" as saying the government had
agreed to permit UN forces to inspect and share
control over $2.5m worth of Czech arms imported
secretly by the government.
Xanthopoulos-Palamas said Greece would con-
tinue to insist on all the terms of the Feb. 11
diplomatic note, "Nothing more and nothing less."
Mar. 14: The government delivered a reply to the
Greek proposals of Feb. 11. A Greek spokesman said
of the reply: "At first sight it looks satisfactory."
Mar. 16: The New York Times reported "reliable
sources" as saying Cyprus "virtually rejected" the
Greek proposals of Feb. 11 and that Athens could
exercise authority over Cyprus only if Greece
would reactivate the struggle for enosis.
Mar. 19: Makarios replied to the Holy Synod's call
for his resignation saying that his Presidency did
not violate canon law and that his resignation
could bring chaos.
Mar. 20: Makarios said he had rejected the Holy
Synod's call for his resignation from the Presidency
but that if it persisted in the demand, "I would
regard it as my obligation to accept it."
Mar. 22: The New York Times reported "sources
close to Makarios" as saying the President's reply
to the Holy Synod was misinterpreted by the pub-
lic and that he would not yield to a renewed de-
mand from the Synod for his removal. The sources
also said that a Greek note to Cyprus on Mar. 16
called Makarios' answer to the Greek note of Feb.
11 "unsatisfactory" and "unconstructive."
Mar. 27: The Holy Synod reiterated its demand for
Makarios' resignation from the Presidency and
accused him of abandoning enosis and tolerating
communism.
Mar. 28: The New York Times reported Cypriot
spokesmen as saying Greece had issued a new
"urgent"demand that Makariosform a new gov-
ernment composedof men "of mutual confidence"
and that, in return, Greece would not press for
Makarios'removal from office.
lfar. 30: The New York Times quoted an "authorita-
tive" Greek governmentsourceas saying Makarios
must cooperatewith Athens or "we will act with-
out consulting."
discuss Turkish Premier Nihat Erim's suggestion
 CHRONOLOGY
that there should be a general disarmamenton
Cyprus.
Apr. 16: Presidentof the TurkishCommunalCham-
ber Rauf Denkta;proposedthat securityon Cyprus
be taken over by Greeceand Turkey.
Apr. 27: ElevtherosKosmos quoted Makariosas say-
ing he met with Grivas "1 month ago" to discuss
the "internalsituation"and that they remainedin
communication.Makarios also said he was con-
sidering Cabinetchanges.
May 5: Foreign Minister Spyros Kyprianouresigned
after it was announceda new Cabinet would be
formed.He said the reasonfor the changewas the
insistenceof the Greekgovernment.
Egypt
(See also Arab-IsraeliConflict,General,Algeria,
Jordan,Kuwayt,Libya,Saudi Arabia,
South Yemen, Tunisia)
1972
Feb. 16: PresidentAnwaral-Sadatsaid he would give
up leadershipif Egypt loses confidencein him dur-
ing the "long political and military struggle" to
come againstIsrael.
Feb. 18: The editorof al-Ahram,MuhammadHaykal,
reportedan Americanwoman was arrestedin Sept.
after being caught "redhanded"in intelligenceac-
tivities with the CIA againstSoviet militaryinstal-
lations, and that she was releasedin Oct. The US
State Dept. refusedto commenton the report.
The Arab SocialistUnion (ASU) gave a unani-
mous vote of confidenceto Sadat.
Soviet Defense MinisterAndrei Grechkoarrived
on an officialvisit.
Feb. 19: Soviet Defense Minister Grechkomet with
War Minister Muhammad$adiq and Sgdit.
Feb. 21: Grechkoleft for Moscow.A joint communi-
que said the 2 sides "exchangedviews" and dealt
with issues of developing "Egypt'scombat capa-
bilities."
Feb. 26: An Iraqi political exile, Erfan Khadir al-
Waqdi, was woundedby 3 assassinswho were later
arrested.
Feb. 28: The InteriorMinistryreported11 Iraqiswere
arrestedfor a plot to assassinateIraqi exiles in
Egypt who oppose the governmentin Baghdad.
Feb. 29: The 4 Palestiniansaccusedof killing Jor-
danianPremierWaqfial-Tallwere releasedon bail.
Mar. 3: Premier 'Aziz Sidqi announceda large oil
strike at al-Razzaqwas expected to produce 2 to
3m tons per yearand Egyptwould becomea "major
oil producerwithin 4 years."
Mar. 5: Six of 17 Iraqis under arresttestifiedon TV
that they were members of assassinationsquads
sent from Baghdadto kill political exiles.
The NationalAssemblyelected20 representatives
295
to the People's Council of the Federationof Arab
Republics.
Mar. 17: Sadatreturnedfrom a 2 day visit to Sudan.
Mar. 18: The governmentannouncedthe lifting of
1,531 sequestrationsand promisedthat all seques-
trationwould end by Sept.
Mar.20: PresidentialAdviserMa.muidRiyad left for
a 5 day officialvisit to China.
Mar. 23: Al-Jamhuriyahreporteddemonstrationsby
workers in Shubra al-Khaymahon Mar. 22 were
incited by "subversiveelements"and 153 persons
were arrested.The report added that the govern-
ment passeda decree raising minimum wages and
reducingworkingtime from 48 to 42 hoursa week
for workersin the privatesector.
Mar. 26: Iraqi Vice President Siddam HIusaynal-
Takriti arrived in Cairo for talks on a plan for
Iraqi union with Syriaand Egypt.
Mar.28: IraqiVice PresidentTakritileft after a joint
statement said the 2 countries "agreed on the
necessityto strengthenrelations."
Apr. 1: PresidentialAdviser Riya.dended a 1 week
officialvisit to China.
Apr. 2: Rumanian President Nicolae Ceausescuar-
rived for a 5 dayvisit.
Apr. 6: The government broke diplomaticrelations
with Jordanchargingthat King Iusayn's proposal
for a United Arab Kingdom would open the door
for Israel into the Arab world. Minister of Infor-
mation 'Abd al-Qadiral-Hatim said Husayn'spro-
posal was the sameas thatof IsraeliDeputyPremier
Yigal Allon.
Rumanian President Ceausesculeft after a 4
day visit. A joint communiquesaid a committee
would examine the possibility of expanding eco-
nomic cooperationand a maritime agreementwas
signed.
Apr. 13: An agreementfor financinga Suez-Mediter-
ranean pipeline was initialled by the government
and a consortiumof Europeanbanks.
Apr. 19: A special Parliamentarycommittee recom-
mended that propertysequestratedillegally during
the regime of Jamal 'Abd al-Na4irbe returnedor
paid for.
Apr. 23: Husni Mubarakwas appointed commander
of the air forcereplacing'Ali Baghdadi.
Apr. 25: Al-AhramreportedIraq would give Egypt
$5m as a contributionto the militaryeffortagainst
Israel.
Apr. 30: Two students were killed and 50 persons
injured during worker and student demonstrations
in Shubraal-Khaymah.
May 1: An Australiandelegationsigned an agreement
to sell Egypt$65-75m worthof wheat,doublingthe
annual supply of Australianwheat from 500,000
tons to lm tons.
May 10: Sadatreturnedfrom a tour of Libya,Tunisia
and Algeria.
May 14: Soviet Defense MinisterGrechkoarrivedin
Cairofrom Syriaand met with Sadat.
296 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
Iran
(See also Iraq,PersianGulf)
1972
Feb. 19: PremierAbbas Hoveyda presentedthe new
budget to the Majlis and said the governmentwas
committedto massive investmentin agriculture.
Feb. 29: A bomb exploded in Tehran as 250,000
people demonstratedin supportof the government
and againstterroristactivities.
Mar. 1: Six convictedsaboteurswere executed.
Mar.7: West GermanChancellorWilly Brandtended
a 3 day officialvisit. A joint communiquesaid it
was agreed to form a joint commission for the
promotion of trade and economic cooperation.
Mar. 11: Kayban Internationalreported that West
Germanyagreedto increasetradewith Iran includ-
ing the purchaseof $200m worth of oil by 1977.
Mar. 14: The Majlisapprovedthe 1972/73 budgetof
$7,300m. The bill received210 favorablevotes and
32 MardomPartyrepresentatives abstained.
Mar. 19: British Foreign Minister Sir Alec Douglas-
Home left after officialtalks on PersianGulf affairs
and bilateralrelations.
Ap,r.11: A large earthquakekilled an estimated4000
persons500 miles southof Tehran.
Apr. 15: The governmentdenied Iraqi charges that
Iraniantroops startedthe borderclash on Apr. 11
and said Iraq attacked.6 Iranianborderposts with
troopsand artillery.
Apr. 19: Four terroristswere executedaftera military
tribunalfound them guilty of trying to overthrow
the government.
May 2: The governmentaccusedIraq of initiating a
3 hour gun battle on the border.
May 6: The governmentannouncedthat a complaint
was filed at the UN charging that Iraq was the
"mainsourceof supportand subsidyfor subversive
elementsin the MiddleEast."
The government ordered military reservists in
the westernprovincescalled up for "freshtraining"
it was announced.
Iraq
(See also Arab-IsraeliConflict,General,Egypt, Iran,
Kuwayt, Libya, Persian Gulf, South Yemen, Syria)
1972
Feb. 17: A governmentdelegationled by Vice Presi-
dent Siddim Husayn al-Takriti returned from
Moscow. A joint communique said further talks
would be held to raise relationsto a higher level
in "treatyform." The USSR promisedsupportfor
the Iraqi oil industryand said regular ties would
be establishedbetweenthe Soviet CommunistParty
and the Ba'thParty.
Mar. 8: Afghani Foreign MinisterMuhammadMusa
Shafiqleft aftera 4 day visit and talkson improving
bilateralrelations.
Mar. 9: Czechoslovakiasigned an agreementextend-
ing $50m in credit for capital equipment.
Mar. 10: It was announced that an additional ID
7.7m was allocatedfor developmentprojectsin the
northernprovinces.
Mar. 19: It was announcedthat the Iraq, Basra and
Mosul PetroleumCompaniesagreedin principleto
20% participationby the government in the oil
industry.
Mar. 21: Yemeni PremierMuhsin al-'Ayni left after
talks explaining the tension on the border with
SouthYemen.
Mar. 28: Takriti returned from talks in Syria and
Egypt on a proposalfor a union among the 3 to
counterJordan'sUnited ArabKingdomplan.
Mar. 30: Minister of Finance Amin 'Abd al-Karim
explained the 1972/73 budget of ID 1,233m, an
increaseof almost 20% over the previous budget.
Apr. 6: Soviet Premier Aleksei Kosygin arrived in
Baghdadfor an official5 dayvisit.
The BasrahPetroleumCompanyissued a state-
ment saying it would take legal steps to protectits
rightsregardingoil extractedfor exportfrom North
Rumaylahby the government.
Apr. 7: Kosygin attended ceremoniesopening pro-
duction of oilfields at North Rumaylah.
Iraq National Oil Companyannounceda major
strike south of Basra,the first by Iraqi experts.
Apr. 9: The Soviet Union signed a 15 year treatyof
"friendship and cooperation."Kosygin said the
treatywas not aimed at any other country.
Apr. 10: Paris'Le FigaroquotedKurdishleaderMulla
Mustafa Barazani as saying "things are going
badly"betweenthe Kurdsand the governmentand
"if they continue their policy, we shall be obliged
to take up our arms and resumewar."
Apr. 11: A Soviet naval squadronbegan a 5 day visit
in the port of Umm Qasr.
Apr. 15: The governmentreportedthat troopsfought
a 4 day battle with Iranianforces on the borderat
Khanaqin after Iranians opened fire on a police
vehicle on April 11.
Apr.21: IraqiNews AgencyquotedEconomyMinister
Taha Jazrawias saying only 85% of the develop-
ment projects scheduled for completion by April
under the 5-yearplan were completed.
Apr. 23: A Soviet economicdelegationleft after sign-
ing a protocolfor Soviet aid to iron, steel, electric
and oil developmentprojects.
Apr. 25: The Revolution CommandCouncil ratified
the 15 yearfriendshiptreatywith Russia.
Apr. 26: BaghdadRadio said a complaintwas sub-
mitted to the UN warning that Iran's "repeated
militaryattacks"againstIraqwere a threatto peace
in the MiddleEast.
 CHRONOLOGY 297
May 14: Two communists were appointed to the approveda measuregranting $85m to Israel for
Cabinetalong with 7 other new ministers: the 6ettlementof Russianimmigrants.
Rashid MuhammadSa'id al-Rifa'i: Communica- Apr. 13: El Al workersended their strike but said it
tions would resume if their demands were not met in
'AdnanAyyubSabrial-'Izzi: Youth negotiations.
JawadHashim: Planning Apr. 14: Rumanian First Deputy Foreign Minister
Hikmatal-'Azz!wi:Economy Georgieu Mancovescumet separatelywith Foreign
Hisham al-Shawi:Higher Education MinisterEbanand PremierGolda Meir for a "com-
Amir 'Abdallah:State prehensive"discussionof Middle East problems.
Hamid 'Alwanal-Jubirii:Information Apr. 16: An official investigating committee found
Mukarramal-Ta'labdni:Irrigation that MordechaiFriedman,managerof Netevei Neft
Nizar al-Tabaqchali:State Company,was not engagedin illegal activityin the
managementof Sinai oil fields.
Apr. 20: FinanceMinister Pinhas Sapir warned that
Israel new taxes would be imposed if "all-out"pressure
for higherwages didn'tabate.
(See also Arab-IsraeliConflict) Apr. 25: The US Agency for InternationalDevelop-
ment agreed to a $50m loan for housing projects.
1972 Apr. 28: MordechaiFriedmanresignedfrom Netevei
Feb. 17: Ugandan PresidentIdi Amin assuredIsrael Neft Companyto avoid a "witch-hunt."
that his country remained non-aligned despite a May 4: Premier Meir arrived in Rumania and met
Libyan-Ugandan communiquepledging supportfor with PremierGeorgheMaurerfor talkson bilateral
anti-Zioniststruggles. relations.
Feb. 18: Dock workers ended a strike after a com- May5: Meir met with RumanianPresidentCeausescu.
mission was set up to investigategrievances. May 6: Meir ended talks in Rumaniaafter officialsof
Feb. 20: The governmentreportedan agreementwith both countriesdenied that Rumania had taken a
Jordan to coordinate air traffic control between diplomatic initiative to resolve the Arab-Israeli
ElathAirportand a Jordanianairfield6 miles away. question.
Mar. 1: Hadassahannounceda $1m grant to found May 7: Meir returnedfrom Rurmania.
a pharmaceuticaldepartment at the Hadassah- May 14: Yitzhak Ben-Aharonresigned as Secretary
Hebrew MedicalCenterin Jerusalem. General of Histradrutafter charging the govern-
Mar. 5: Former Chief of Staff Haim Bar-Levwas ment with interfering in a labor dispute in the
appointedMinister of Commerce& Industry. canningindustry.
Mar. 22: British Foreign SecretarySir Alec Douglas-
Home arrivedfor officialtalks.
Mar.23: Ugandaorderedall Israelimilitarypersonnel Jordan
to leave the country.
Mar. 28: Uganda broke diplomatic relations with (See also Arab-IsraeliConflict,Egypt,Iraq,
Israel and ordered remaining Israeli citizens to Kuwayt,Pakistan,Syria)
leave the country.
Apr. 9: The Cabinet approveda $100m cut in the 1972
defensebudget. Feb. 22: It was announcedthat the Planning Council
Apr. 10: Foreign Minister Abba Eban said Uganda's was preparing a large scale development of the
severanceof relations with Israel was plotted be- Jordanvalley to be completedby 1980.
tween Libyaand Ugandafor which Ugandawould Mar. 4: King Ijusayn appointedhis cousin Zayd bin
receive financial payment.He said Libya'swealth ShakirChief of Staff.
"createsa marketfor politicalextortion"and denied Mar. 8: The JerusalemPost reportedthat Secretary-
that Israelwas engagedin any subversiveactivities Generalof the JordanianNational Union, Mustafa
in Uganda. Dawddin said certainArabgovernmentswere plot-
TransportMinister Shimon Peres issued a back ting againstKing 1Husaynand that Jordan had so
to work order to El Al maintenanceworkersafter far preventedLibya from establishinga "free offi-
an 8 hour wildcat strike for higher wages began cers"movementin the army.
despite a court injunction. Peres said an isolated Mar.26: King Ijusayn left for the US on the begin-
nation could not toleratethe paralysisof one of its ning of a 6 week internationaltour to include a
few meansof transportation. medicalcheckin London.
Apr. 12: HistradrutSecretaryGeneral Yitzhak Ben- Mar. 27: King Husayn met with PresidentNixon in
Aharonsaid the El Al strikewas Israel'sworstlabor Washington.
crisis because the strikers had ignored a court Mar. 28: King H.usaynwas assured by President
injunction. Nixon of continued US military and economic
The US Senate Foreign Relations Committee assistance.
298 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
Maar.31: The New York Times reported"knowledge-
able sources"as sayingthe US would supplyJordan
with 12 to 24 F5 jets to help "modernize"the air-
force but that this would not alter the balanceof
power in the MiddleEast.
Apr. 1: An al-Fathspokesmanin Beirut said a mine
explosion in Jordanwhich killed 4 personswas the
first round of a war against King lIusayn which
was begun on Mar. 27 in retaliation for King
IHusayn's plan for the West Bank.
Apr. 6: The governmentsaid Jordan "regretted"the
severanceof relations by Egypt and that Egypt's
action would only aid the enemies of the Arab
cause.
Apr. 8: An officialspokesmansaid Syriabegan letting
goods from Beirut cross Syrianterritoryto Jordan.
Apr. 20: West Germanysigned a D60m loan for a
railwayproject.
May 8: The Trans Arabian Pipeline (Tapline) was
sabotagedby a bomb. Officialssaid it would be
repairedin severaldays.
May 10: The dinar was devaluedby 8.49%.
May 13: King liusayn inaugurateda new international
airportat Aqaba.
Kuwayt
1972
Feb. 16: LebanesePresidentSulaymanFranjiyyahleft
after a 3 day visit and it was announcedthat the
2 countrieswould conclude a trade agreement.
Mar. 9: EgyptianPresidentAnwar al-SadRtleft after
talkswith Ruler ShaykhSabahal-Salimal-$abah.
Mar. 10: Middle East EconomicDigest reportedthat
the National Assembly annulled an article in the
PublicationsLaw which permittedthe government
to suspenda newspaperwithout a court decision.
Mar. 11: The National Assemblycalled for coopera-
tion with Iraq on the use of the Shatt al-'Arab
waters.
Mar.14: Ministerof Finance'Abd al-Rahmanal-Atlql
said the KuwaytOil Companyagreedto 20% par-
ticipationby Kuwaytin the company.
Mar. 19: The governmentimposed a ceiling on the
pricesof all foodstuffs.
Mar. 22: Yemeni Premier Muhsin al-'Ayni arrived
for talks on the bordertension with South Yemen.
Apr. 14: Middle East EconomicDigest reportedthat
the governmentorderedKuwayt Oil Companyto
limit productionin 1972 to equal that of 1971.
Apr. 17: Al-Siyasahquoted Saudi Defense Minister
Sultan 'Abd al-'Aziz as saying the Saudis would
"respond to any request that the Kuwayt army 1972
would make to us at any time."
Apr. 21: Syrian President IIafiz al-As'adended a 4
day officialvisit.
Apr. 23: Iraq News Agency reportedthat 8 members
of the PopularFrontfor the Liberationof Palestine
were deportedfrom Kuwaytin connectionwith the
bombing in Marchof a Jordanianembassycar.
May 3: Iraqi Foreign Minister Murtada al-Hadithi
ended an official visit. A joint communique de-
nouncedIran'soccupationof 3 PersianGulf islands
in Nov. 1971.
Lebanon
(See also Arab-IsraeliConflict,Kuwayt)
1972
Mar. 4: Former Syrian Deputy Premier Muhammad
'Umranwas assassinatedat his home in Tripoli.
Mar. 13: Foreign Minister Khalil Abu Ijamad re-
turned from Morocco after signing an agreement
for cooperationin industry,agricultureand tourism.
Mar. 20: The following Cabinet appointmentswere
announced:
SalahSalman:Health
Fi'ad Nafa': Agricalture
KamalKhilri: GeneralPlanning
Mar. 27: Yemeni Premier Muhsin al-'Aynmarrived
for talkson the borderproblemwith SouthYemen.
Mar. 30: The governmentannouncedthat diplomatic
relationswould be resumedwith West Germany.
Apr. 7: Yugoslav Foreign Minister Mirko Tepavac
ended 3 daysof officialtalks.
Apr. 9: Police said 4 bombs exploded in Beirut in
connectionwith the election campaigning.
Apr. 16: The first of 3 stages of the Parliamentary
election was held in Beirut and northern areas.
PremierSa'ib Salam was reelected.
Apr. 23: The second stage of the general elections
was held.
Apr. 26: Studentsat LebaneseUniversityended a 50
day strike.
Apr. 30: The third and final stage of the general
electionswas held.
May 2: Martiallaw was declaredin parts of Mount
Lebanon after 3 policemen were killed in an
ambush.
May 3: Premier Salim extended martial law to in-
clude the entire countryand authorizedtroops to
shoot armedcivilianson sight.
May 10: PremierSalam resigned.
May 12: KamalAs'adwas reelectedSpeakerof Parlia-
ment.
Libya
(See also Arab-IsraeliConflict,General,Algeria,
Israel,Pakistan)
Feb. 18: PremierMu'ammaral-Qadhdhafileft Mauri-
tania aftera 3 day visit during which he called for
a union of Arab states from the Atlantic to the
Gulf and praisedMauritaniafor its effortsto liber-
ate the Spanish Sahara.A joint communiquesaid
committeeswould be formed "to coordinatecoop-
eration"betweenthe 2 countries.
 CHRONOLOGY 299
Feb. 19: Premier Qadhdhafi met in Algeria with devaluationof the dollar.
PresidentHouari Boumedienneand then returned May 8: EgyptianPresidentAnwaral-Sadatarrivedfor
to Libya. talkswith Qadhdhafi.
Feb. 21: Deputy Premier 'Abd al-SalamJallid flew May 13: LibyanNews Agencyreportedthat the USSR
to Cairo for brief talks before flying on to the agreedto buy crudeoil from the Sarirfield.
Soviet Union.
Feb. 23: Deputy Premier Jallid arrived in Moscow
with a 25-man delegation for talks on political, Morocco
economicand technicalcooperation. (See also Lebanon,Tunisia)
Feb. 24: An official spokesmanexpressed "concern"
that Iraq was about to concludea friendshiptreaty 1972
with the USSR in the tradition"whichsister Arab Feb. 17: King Hasan announcedthere would be a
countrieshave startedfollowing." referendumon Constitutionalchanges on Mar. 1.
Feb. 26: RevolutionCommandCouncil (RCC) mem- He said he would retain the powers of "arbitra-
ber Kuwayldi Hamidi completed talks in Uganda tion," to name a governmentand to dissolve Par-
after a joint communique said agreement was liament,but that 2/3 of the new Parliamentwould
reachedto expandeconomicrelationsand for Libya be electedby universalsuffrage.
to give "everyassistance"to the Ugandan army. Feb. 18: A joint statementby the Istiqlal Party and
Mar. 2: A trial of 29 newspaperowners and editors the NationalUnion of DemocraticForces (UNDF)
ended after former InformationMinister Ahmad said the new Constitution announced by King
Salah al-Huiniwas sentencedto 3 years in prison, Hasan had "positive elements"but was still "in-
21 others were fined and 7 acquitted.Ten papers adequate"and expressed"astonishment" that Hasan
had their licenses suspendedleaving only 1 daily, would announcea referendumwhile the talks with
al-Rayid,in publication. the oppositionwere still going on.
Mar.4: The USSR announcedagreementto cooperate Feb. 22: The Istiqlal Party and UNDF said they
"in prospecting,extractingand refining oil, in de- would not participatein the referendumbecause
veloping power generationand other branchesof "false elections"would not reflect the will of the
Libya'seconomy...." people.
May 6: Electionswere held for 20 representativesto Feb. 23: The prosecutiondemandeddeath penalties
the People's Council of the Federationof Arab for 26 of the 1,081 militarypersonnelon trial for
Republics. the attemptedcoup of July 1971.
Mar. 14: Jalluidreturned from talks in the USSR, Feb. 29: Of the 1,081 militarypersonnelon trial for
Rumaniaand Bulgaria. the coup attempt of July 1971, 1,008 were ac-
Mar.22: SpanishForeignMinisterLopezBravoended quitted, 72 received prison terms and 1 was sen-
2 days of talks. A joint communiquesaid the 2 tencedto death.
countrieswould begin immediate negotiations on Mar. 1: A referendumwas held on a new Constitu-
a mutualcooperationtreaty. tion.
Mar. 24: Middle East Economic Digest reported Mar.2: Officialreturnswere announcedshowing that
Minister of Petroleum'Izz al-Din Mabruikas say- 98.79% of the 4.5m voters approved the new
ing a 20% Libyan participation in foreign oil Constitution.
companies as offered in Iraq, Kuwayt and Saudi The US agreedto supply an additional100,000
Arabia would not satisfy Libya. metric tons of wheat under PL 480 by June 30,
Mar. 28: Qadhdhifi opened the first meeting of the 1972.
LibyanArab SocialistUnion. Mar. 3: King Hasan announcedthat a new govern-
Apr. 1: The 1972/73 budget, 15% higher than the ment would be formed to supervise national
1971/72, went into effect. elections.
Apr. 9: LibyanRadio said the new Soviet-IraqitreatyMar.5: UNDF leaderAbdel Rahim Bouabibsaid all
was a violation of the Arab LeagueCharterand a ties between the opposition and the palace were
throwbackto the days of the BaghdadPact. not brokendespitethe referendumand the opposi-
Apr. 12: A law was announcedbanning labor strikes tion would participatein the new governmentif
and permittingthe governmentto draft labor into there were "formalguarantees"that the elections
employment "which is in the public interest." would be "free."
Apr. 19: Ugandan President Idi Amin said Libya Apr. 4: King Hasan asked Premier Karim Lamrani
agreedto trainUgandanairforcepilots and to equip to form a new governmentand preparefor Parlia-
and maintain2-100 bed hospitalsin Uganda. mentaryelectionsin the summer.
Apr. 21: A South Yemeni delegation arrived to ex- Apr. 5: It was announcedthat the new Cabinetwould
plain the disputebetweenNorth and SouthYemen. not include members of the Istiqlal Party or the
May 3: Tripoli Radio reportedagreementwas reached UNDF.
with the oil companiesfor an 8.49% increasein Apr. 12: A new Cabinetwas formed:
posted prices of crude oil to compensatefor the KarimLamrani:Premier
300 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
MuhammadBahnini: Deputy Premier
MuhammadOufkir: Defense
MuhammadBenhima:Interior
Abdel Latif Filali: Foreign
Ahmad Bargash: Waqf & Islamic Affairs
HaddouShiguer:PrimaryEducation
Driss Ben OmarAlami: PTT
AhmadMajidBen Jalloun: Administrative
Affairs
MaatiJorio: Agriculture
MustafaFares:Finance
Habib al-Fihri:Culture& Education
Abd al-AzizBen Jalloun: Trade& Industry
Abd al-LatifGhissassi:Public Works
HasanZamouri:Housing & UrbanAffairs
ArsalanJadidi:Labor,SocialAffairs& Youth
Abdel QadirSahrawi:Information
Abdel RahmanTouhami:Public Health
Abdel Rahmanal-Kouken:Tourism
Apr. 19: The US agreedto a loan of $10m for pur-
chaseof US goods.
May 12: King Hasan inauguratedthe MansurEddabi
dam at Ouarzazate.
Pakistan
1972
Feb. 16: The New York Times reported that the
numberof refugees createdby the war with India
and living in West Pakistanwas estimatedto be
1.5m.
Feb. 19: The government postponed local elections
scheduledfor Mar. 15.
India informed UN Secretary General Kurt
Waldheim that she was ready for direct talks with Mar. 16: PresidentBhutto flew to Moscow for talks
Pakistan "at any time, at any level and without
preconditions."
Feb. 20: The governmentcalled India'sterms for the
return of Pakistani soldiers, which included the
recognitionof Bangla Desh, "unacceptable."
Feb. 22: President ZulfikarAli Bhutto said India's Ma,r.18: Bhutto left Moscow after a joint communi-
offer to talk withoutpreconditionswas the "bright-
est thing in the past 2 months"and that he would
reply soon.
Feb. 24: The governmentasked India for a clarifica-
tion of an offer for talks receivedthroughthe good
officesof a 3rd government.
Feb. 25: Police in Lahore joined a wave of police
strikesand 1 man was killed in demonstrationsin
the city.
India denied reportsthat her offer for talks had
contained preconditions. Premier Indira Gandhi
said such reports were a "smokescreen"and that
"thereare absolutelyno preconditions."
Seventeen wounded Indian prisoners were ex-
changedfor 27 Pakistanis.
Feb. 26: The New York Times reportedPathan de-
mandsfor secessionor autonomywere growing.
Feb. 27: Demonstrationsby Pathans were held in
Peshawarin supportof the National Awami Party's
demands for an end to martial law and greater
autonomyfor the provinces.
MAar.1: PresidentBhutto announceda land reform
programinvolving over lm acresthat would break
the "curseof feudalism."
IndianPremierGandhioffereda "no war"treaty
to settle "all outstanding disputes" between the
2 countries.
Mar. 3: Air commanderAbdul Rahim Khan and
Commanderin Chief Gul Hasan Khan were re-
moved from their posts. Bhutto appointedGeneral
Tikka Khan Chief of Staff and said the 2 men he
dismissedhad "Bonapartetendencies."
Bhutto met with the leader of the National
Awami Party,Abdul Wali Khan.
Afar.5: Bhutto returned200 passportsof prominent
businessmenconfiscatedin Dec. 1971.
Mar. 6: Bhutto announcedan agreementwith Na-
tional Awami Party leader Wali Khan to convene
provincialassemblieson April 21 and to lift martial
law on Aug. 14. Bhuttosaid the agreement"averted
a confrontationthat would have been disastrousto
the nation."
Afar. 11: Bhutto appointed Abdul Gul Hasan Am-
bassadorto Switzerlandand Abdul Rahim Khan
Ambassadorto Spain.
MAar.12: The Indian army completedits withdrawal
from BanglaDesh.
Mar. 13: The governmentannouncedthat diplomatic
relations,broken off when Yugoslavia recognized
BanglaDesh, would be resumed.
Mar. 14: The governmentapprovedplans for a $36m
foundry to be built near Taxila with the $12m
foreign exchangecost being paid for by China.
on improvingbilateralrelations.
Mar. 17: India said all Pakistani military prisoners
against whom Bangla Desh had prima facie evi-
dence of war crimes would be turned over to
BanglaDesh for trial.
que said trade relationsand aid agreementswould
be restored.
The US signed an agreement granting $30m
worth of foodstuffsunderthe PL 480 plan.
India and Bangla Desh warnedthat talks would
not begin on the return of 90,000 Pakistanipris-
oners until PakistanrecognizesBangla Desh.
Mar. 19: The governmentnationalizedall life insur-
ancecompanies.
Mar. 20: British Foreign SecretarySir Alec Douglas-
Home met with Bhutto to discussthe disputewith
India.
Mar. 25: Bhutto said a trip to India in the immediate
futurewas "ruledout" by Indian preconditionsfor
talks and blackmail by India with Pakistani
prisoners.
Mar. 28: Militaryofficialssaid Jordanand Libyasent
Americanbuilt jets to Pakistanduringthe war with
 CHRONOLOGY 301

India. Apr. 30: An agenda for peace talks with India was
Mar. 29: The government of Bangla Desh said it agreedon.
would put on trial for war crimes 1,100 Pakistani Apr. 5: India and Pakistan accused each other of
military prisoners. "serious"ceasefireviolations in Kashmir.
Mar. 30: The New York Times reported "Western May 6: A truce was agreedon with India after a day
diplomatic sources" as saying Russian jets were of fightingin Kashmir.
transferredfrom Egypt to India during the war May 8: India repatriated 37 wounded Pakistani
with India in Dec. 1971. soldiers.
Apr. 6: India reportedmore than 70 border "inci- May 13: Bhutto said he proposed to India that he
dents" in the Kashmir region since the ceasefire meet with Gandhiin June.
of Dec. 1971. Chinasignedan agreementto exchange$320,000
It was announcedthat Bhutto received a letter worth of goods in 1972/73 via the ancient Silk
from Indian PremierIndira Gandhi proposingun- Route.
conditionalnegotiations.Foreign Minister Iftikhar
Ali said he expected Pakistan'sresponsewould be PersianGulf
"favourable." (See also SouthYemen, Sudan)
Apr. 8: The US agreed to provide an additional
200,000 tons of wheat worth $11.9m. 1972
Apr. 12: Bhuttosaid he had acceptedIndia'sproposals Feb. 19: The following appointmentsto the Cabinet
for a summit conferenceand that meetings could of the Union of Arab Amirates (UAA) were
begin by the end of April. announced:
Apr. 14: Bhutto told the opening session of the new 'Abdallahbin IIammudal-Qisiml: Electricity
National Assemblythat martiallaw would be lifted Sa'idbin 'Abdallahbin Salman:Housing
on Apr. 21 providing the Assembly would ratify 'Abd al-Malik al-Qasimi: Supreme Federation
the new Constitution.He also revealed that the CouncilAffairs
country'sforeign debt was $3,300m. Ah.madbin Sultanal-Qasimi:Justice
Apr. 15: An interim Constitutionwas submittedto 'Abdallahbin 'UmranKurayyim:Education
the National Assembly. Feb. 22: The ruler of Qatar,ShaykhAhmad bin 'All
Apr. 17: The National Assemblygave Bhutto a vote al-Thani,was deposed in a bloodless coup by his
of confidenceand approvedan interim Constitution cousin ShaykhKhalifahbin Hamadal-Thani.
granting Bhutto the authorityto rule until Aug. The new ruler promisedto modernizeadminis-
1973, by which time a permanent Constitution tration,cut consumerprices and raise civil service
would be put into effect. and military salaries by 20%. He also dismissed
Apr. 18: The US State Department acknowledged the British born commandersof the army and
that Jordan had sent 10 Americanmade jets and police, ColonelRon Cochraneand R. G. Lock.
Libyahad sent 3 to Pakistan,during the war with Feb. 25: Middle East Economic Digest reported
India, in violation of the US Foreign Assistance Bahraynpolice seized 10 suitcasesof arms being
Act. The statementdenied that the US had author- brought into the country by an Iraqi diplomat as
ized the transfer. part of the diplomaticmail.
Apr. 20: The Supreme Court ruled that the regime Mar. 13: Riots broke out in Bahraynamong striking
of General Yahya Khan was illegal and ordered airport and shipyard workers protesting inflation
the release of Altaf Gauhar,editor of Dawn, who and the hiring of foreign workers.The government
was arrestedundermartiallaw. appointeda committeeto meet with labor leaders
Apr. 21: Martiallaw was ended and Bhutto sworn in and chargedthat "foreignelements"encouragedthe
as President. rioting.
Apr. 23: Bhutto said Pakistanwas ready to renew Mar. 15: A Danish airlinerwith 112 aboardcrashed
diplomaticrelationswith India and would not "rule in Dubai with no survivors.
out" the participation of Bangla Desh Premier Mar. 19: The governmentof Bahraynreachedagree-
Mujib al-Rahmanat future peace talks. ment with striking hospital workers and said
The governmentannouncedthat a stateof emer- progresswas being made with other labor groups.
gency still existedin the country. Apr. 14: Middle East EconomicDigest reportedthat
Apr. 25: Leaderof the National Awami Party Wali Qatar's government would limit the prices and
Khan accusedthe government of "going back to profitmarginson 10 basic consumergoods includ-
martiallaw by the back door"of a "stateof emer- ing rice,sugar,flour,meat and coffee.
gency"under which civil rights remain suspended. Apr. 18: Kuwayt'sal-Siyisahreported3 new Cabinet
Apr. 26: Peace talks with India began in Muree.The appointmentsin Qatar:
delegationswere headed by Durga PrasadDhar of 'Abd al-'Aziz ibn Khalifah al-Thani: Finance
Indiaand Aziz Ahmed of Pakistan. and Petroleum
Apr. 28: Bhuttomet with Indianenvoy Durga Prasad Khalidibn IHamadal-Thani:Interior
Dhar in "fruitful"discussions. Ahmadibn Khalifahal-Thani:Public Health
302 THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
Apr. 21: Middle East Economic Digest reported
French Secretaryof State for Foreign Affairs Jean
de Lipkowskias saying France"seeksstrongerlinks
with the Gulf and could contributeto economic
development."He said embassies would soon be
opened in Bahrayn,Qatarand the UAA.
Apr. 23: SudanesePresidentJa'faral-Numayriarrived
in Abu Dhabi for a 5 day officialvisit and talks
with the governmentof the UAA.
Apr. 28: Numayri flew to Qatarfor 2 days of talks.
May 3: Iraqi Foreign Minister Murtada al-HIadithi
arrived in Bahraynfor official talks on the Gulf
situation.
May 7: An Omani spokesman said Omani planes
bombed South Yemeni gun installations in re-
sponseto an artillerybarragewhich killed 5 Omani
soldiersat Habruton May 5.
May 8: Iraqi ForeignMinisteral-Hadithiended talks
with the government of the UAA. A joint com-
munique said the 3 Gulf islands occupiedby Iran
were Arab despite Iranianoccupation.
Saudi Arabia
(See also General,Kuwayt)
1972
Feb. 25: Middle East EconomicDigest reportedthat
King Faysalwarnedthe ArabianAmericanOil Com-
pany (ARAMCO) to agree to Saudi participation
in the company to avoid compelling "us to take
measuresto implementparticipation."
Mar. 8: EgyptianPresidentAnwar al-Sadrtmet with
King Faypalin Jiddah.
Mar. 11: ARAMCOtold SaudiArabiathat it accepted
in principle the demandfor 20% participationby
the governmentin the company.
OPECacceptedARAMCO'soffer for 20% par-
ticipationin the companyby SaudiArabia,Kuwayt,
Iraq,Iran,Abu Dhabi and Qatar.
Mar. 20: Negotiations began with ARAMCOon the
termsof the 20% participation.
Apr. 3: SudanesePresidentJa'faral-Numayriarrived
from Qatarfor a 5 dayvisit.
Apr. 7: A Syrian delegation led by Mustafa Hallaj
left after signing trade and economic cooperation
agreements.
Apr. 9: The first culturalcooperationagreementwith
Egyptwas signed.
Apr. 30: SudanesePresidentNumayrlarrivedfor talks
with Fayal.
May 4: Numayri departed after talks with King
Fay*alon the "Arab sinuation and bilateral rela-
dons."
South Yemen
(See also Arab-IsraeliConflict,Algeria,Kuwayt,
Lebanon,Libya,PersianGulf, Tunisia, Yemen)
1972
Feb. 16: The following Cabinet appointmentswere
announced:
'Abd al-'Aziz 'Abd al-Wall Nashir: Ministeril
Affairs
FadlMuhsin 'Abdallah:Finance
Ahmad'Abdallah'Abd al-Ilah:Education
'Abdallah'Abd al-RazzaqBadhib: Culture and
Tourism
Feb. 22: Iraqi News Agency reported an attack of
2000 "mercenaries"from across the Saudi border
was repulsedwith 65 dead.
Feb. 27: InformationMinister'AbdallahKhamridis-
played to reportersAmericanweaponscapturedin
a recentbattle.He said fightingwith "mercenaries"
had "increased sharply since October" and that
Americanpersonnel were directing tne operations
although they were not crossing the borders into
South Yemen.
Mar. 6: The 5th Congressof the National Liberation
Frontended4 daysof meetings.
Mar. 10: Middle East Eco-nomicDigest reportedall
soft drink companies, including Pepsi Cola and
Coca Cola, were nationalized and compensation
would be paid.
Mar. 20: The Saudi News Ageny reportedthat 40
exiled leaderswere invited to a "peaceconference"
and then executed.
Apr. 3: The governmentproposeda plan for easing
the bordertensionwith North Yemen which would
includea mutualtroopwithdrawalfrom the border.
Apr. 8: AlgerianMinisterof IndustryBelaid Abddes-
salam left after talks on petroleumcooperation.
Apr. 16: A delegation including the Ministers of
Foreign Affairs,Finance,Industryand Culture re-
turnedfrom a 10 dayvisit to Iraq.
Apr. 27: The Soviet Union signed a scientificcoopera-
tion agreementproviding scholarshipsfor Yemeni
students.
May 2: The government denied reports that there
were any Sovietbasesin the country.
May 11': The governmentaccusedOman, supported
by British air and naval forces, of attackingborder
positions. Britain denied the charge.
Britain denied charges by the governmentthat
British forces were aiding conservativeArab forces
in an attackon the islandof Socotra.
Sudan
(See also PersianGulf, SaudiArabia)
1972
Feb. 16: It was announcedthat PresidentJa'far al-
Numayri would assume the portfolio of Defense
Minister and turn over the planning portfolio to
Aba al-QasimHashim.
 CHRONOLOGY
Interior Minister Muhammad al-Bakr Ahmad
said 'Umma Party leader Sidiq al-Mahdi was ar-
restedwhen he returnedto Sudan after 2 years of
exile in Cairo.
Talks opened in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, be-
tween SouthernAffairsMinister Abel Alier and a
South Sudan Liberation Front delegation led by
EzbonMondiri.
Feb. 26: It was announced in Addis Ababa that
agreement was reached between the government
and rebel delegationsto end the civil war.
Feb.29: The Presidentof the Union of ArabAmirates
ShaykhZayd bin Sultan left after a 10 day official
visit.
iMlar.3: Beirut'sal-Anwarquoted Numayri as saying
relations with the Soviet Union "are extremely
bad" and that the army would have to give up
Soviet weapons if the USSR would not supply
spareparts.
Mar. 4: The London based Catholic MissionarySo-
ciety of St. Joseph said it was granted permission
to returnto work in the south.
Numayri said a ceasefirewas in effect in the
south and there was an amnestyfor all rebels.
He explainedthat the agreementwith the rebels
providedfor a SouthernPeople'sCouncilto govern
regional matters while the central government
would handle national defense, foreign policy,
trade, currency, transport, communications and
economic planning.
Afar.5: Numaryi began a tour of the southernprov-
inces to explainthe peacesettlement.
Mar. 6: West Germanysaid an aid agreementwas
signed worth DM 55m.
Anya Nya leaderJoseph Lagu signed a ceasefire
order and said his movement'srelationswith the
Khartum government would not change further
until the peace agreementis ratified.
AIfar.7: Numayriannouncedthat all southernpolitical
prisonerswould be released.
Mar. 9: A southernspokesman,Mading de Garang,
said in London that the south would oppose any
Sudanesemembershipin an Arab federation.
Afar. 20: The state of emergencyin the south was
lifted.
Mar. 27: The southernpeace agreementwas formally
signed in Addis Abababy ForeignMinisterMansar
Khalidand SouthernSudanLiberationFrontleader
JosephLagu.
iMar.30: RumanianPresidentNicolae Ceausescuar-
rivedfor a 3 dayofficialvisit.
Apr. 5: Numayriissued a decreeforming a "Southern
Command"made up of 6000 northernand 6000
southerntroops.
Apr. 6: ForeignMinisterKhalid went to Italy to seek
refugee aid. He said ambassadorswould be ex-
changedwith the Vatican.
Numayri announcedthe formationof a 12 man
Provisional Executive Council for the Southern
Region.
303
Apr. 8: The following Cabinet changes were an-
nounced:
Muis Mubarak:Treasury
Baha al-Din Muhammad Idris: Ministerial
Agairs
KhatimKhalifa: Higher Education
LawrenceMaul: PlanningAffairs
SamuelNubai: LocalAdministration
Apr. 9: Foreign Minister Khalid arrived in London
for talkson refugeeaid.
Apr. 10: Khalid said $24m would be needed for
resettlingsouthernrefugeesand beginningdevelop-
ment projects.
Apr. 17: It was announcedthat an agreement for
"militarycooperation"with China was signed.
Apr. 20: An ExecutiveHigh Council for the South
headedby Abel Alier was swornin.
Apr. 29: The Vaticanannouncedthat agreementwas
reachedto establishfull diplomaticrelations.
May 3: A US State Departmentspokesmansaid the
US would make "substantialcontributions"to the
rehabilitationof southernrefugees.
May 11: The borderwith Ugandawas reopenedafter
3 years.
AMay13: It was announcedthatVice PresidentBabakir
Awadallahresignedfor health reasons.
Syria
(See also Arab-IsraeliConflict,General,
Jordan,Kuwayt,Lebanon)
1972
Feb. 21: A Soviet delegationheadedby Deputy Pre-
mier Kiril Mazurovarrivedfor a 6 day officialvisit.
Feb. 22: The USSR signed an economicand technical
cooperationagreement.
Feb. 24: The governmentlifted a ban on the transport
of JordanianphosphatesthroughSyria.
Feb. 26: Soviet First Deputy Premier Mazurovleft
after a 5 day visit. A joint communiquesaid "feasi-
ble steps" were discussed for improving Syria's
"defense capacity" and implementing economic
agreements.
Afar.4: Nationwide elections for local councils were
held.
Mfar.7: DamascusRadio broadcastthe Charterand
statutesof a new National Front consistingof the
Ba'th Party, the Arab Socialist Union Party, the
CommunistParty, the Socialist Unionists and the
ArabSocialistMovement.
Mar. 23: The following Cabinetwas formed:
'Abdal-RahmanKhulayfawi:Premier
'Abd al-Halim Khaddam:Foreign and Deputy
Premier
MuhammadIHaydar:Agriculture
MustafaTalas: Defense
'Abdal-Karim'Adi: Supply& InternalTrade
Jibir Kafrl: LocalAdministration
Mut'ibShanan:Industry
304 1THE MIDDLE EAST JOURNAL
'Abdal-GhaniQannut:Public Works
Shakiral-Fahham:Higher Education
FayizIsmail: State
NufrallahNiirallah: Finance
FawziKayyali:Cultureand National Guidance
MahmutdQumbaz:Municipal& VillageAffairs
Yasuf Faysal:State
Mustafaal-Hallaj:Economy& ForeignTrade
Adib al-Nahawi:Justice
'Umaral-Sibadi:Communications
MunirWannus: EuphratesDam
AhmadQablan:FrontlineVillage Affairs
'Abd al-Sattaral-Sayyid:Awqaf
MahmiidSa'dah:Health
FayizNasir: CabinetAffairs
'All Zaza: Interior
Marwan$abbagh:Labor& SocialAffairs
HasanMuhammad'Ali al-Khatib:Education
AhmadIHjasan al-As'ad:Information
Ahmad Fawzi 'Abbarah:Petroleum, Electricity
& Minerals
Muhammadal-'Imadl:Planning
AhmadShaykhSaild: Tourism
'Abd al-MajidManjuinah:State
Mar. 26: Iraqi Vice President Siddam Husayn al-
talks on economic Feb. 26: PremierNihat Erim said Turkeywas under
Takriti left after 5 days of
cooperationand an Iraqi plan for union with Syria
and Egypt to counter the Jordanianplan for a
federationwith the West Bank. A joint communi-
que said Syria would submit Iraq'sunity proposal
to the Federationof ArabRepublics.
Apr. 7: Celebrationswere held marking the 25th Mar.5: Reutersreportedthat PremierErim cancelled
anniversaryof the Ba'thParty.
May 10: Soviet Defense Minister Andrei Grechko
arrivedfor a 4 day officialvisit.
May 13: Grechkosigned an agreementproviding for Mar. 11: The General Staff announcedthe dismissal
the USSRto provideadditionalmilitaryarmaments.
Tunisia
(See also Algeria)
1972
Feb. 26: Algerian Minister of Trade LayachiYaker
ended a 4 day visit and said the 2 countrieswould
draw up an agreementfor a substantiallong term
increasein trade.
Mar. 4: The Political Bureau of the Destour Party Mar.25: The GrandNational Assemblyvoted to ex-
announcedthat a post of Vice Presidentwould be
established.
Mar. 15: Yemeni Premier Muhsin al-'Ayni arrived
for official talks on the border situation with
SouthYemen.
Mar. 31: The Middle East EconomicDigest reported
that EconomyMinisterTajani Chelli resignedand
was replacedby Chedli Ayari.
Apr. 14: The National Assembly approved a bill
granting tax and other concessionsto export ori-
ented industries.
Apr. 26: Algerian President Houari Boumedienne
ended his firstvisit to Tunisia.A joint communique
said bilateraleconomicand culturalties would be
increased. A joint telegram to King Hasan of
Moroccoproposedthat a Maghribsummit confer-
ence be held.
Apr. 27: West Germanyagreedto loans totallingDM
65m for developmentplans.
May 6: EgyptianPresidentAnwaral-Sad-at arrivedfor
a 3 day visit and talks with PresidentBourguiba.
May 12: Foreign Minister Muhammad Masmoudi
returnedfrom a 2 day trip to Maltaand Libyaand
talks on "regionalissues."
Turkey
(See also Cyprus)
1972
Feb. 21: A trial opened in Ankaraof 227 left wing
extremists.The prosecutionaskedthe deathpenalty
for 15 accusedleadersof the outlawed Dev-Genc.
no obligationto keep from growing opium poppies
"if our economy and farmerscannot fill the gap
caused by the ban"on poppies.
Feb. 29: The National Assembly approved a new
budgetof TL 51,968m.
a 1 day visit to Britain after Londonprotestedthe
sentencingof a 14 year old British student to 6
yearsin prison for conspiringto sell hashish.
and detention of 57 officersfor undergroundac-
tivity, includingpassingarms to leftist terrorists.
Mar. 14: PremierErim said Turkishports would be
reopenedto the US 6th Fleet.
Mar. 18: Erimleft for an official5 day visit to the US.
Mar. 22: After Erim met with President Nixon, a
joint statementsaid Nixon expressedsupport "for
Turkey'seffortsto modernizeher armedforces."
Erim told reportersthat leftist terroristsin Tur-
key were receivingaid and trainingfrom Palestine
guerrillas,EastGermanyand Kurdishseparatistsin
Stockholm.
tend martiallaw in 11 provincesfor 2 months.
Mar. 27: Membersof the People's LiberationArmy
kidnapped3 British radartechniciansin Unye to
hold as ransom for 3 leftists who were sentenced
to death. The ConstitutionalCourt agreed to con-
sider an opposition party demand for the annul-
ment of the deathpenalty.
Mar. 28: Erim said the governmentwould not yield
to demands of terroriststo release 3 condemned
leftists in exchangefor 3 British technicians.
Mar. 30: Police attackeda house in the village of
 CHRONOLOGY
Kizildere where 10 terroristswere holding 3 hos-
tages.All 13 were killed.
Mar. 31: Several bombs were exploded in Istanbul
following the announcement that 10 leftists were
killed in Kizildere.
Api. 3: PresidentCevdet Sunay made public a letter
from him to party leaders calling for temporary
suspensionof political activity and governmentby
executive decree. The letter said the Constitution
"must be amendedto take the necessarysteps and
put reforms into effect with speed" and that the
national situationwas brought on by "impropriety
of habits and interpartyrelations."
Apr. 11: Soviet PresidentNikolai Podgorny arrived
in Ankarafor an official1 week visit.
Apr. 12: PresidentCevdet Sunay began talks in An-
kara with Soviet PresidentPodgorny.
Apr. 17: Podgorny left after a joint statementwas
issued saying the 2 countriespledged not to allow
use of their territoryfor "subversionor aggression
againstother nations."A TurkishForeignMinistry
spokesmansaid NATO baseswere not for "aggres-
sion."
Premier Erim resigned and Defense Minister
Ferit Melen was appointedActing Premier.
Apr. 29: PresidentSunaynamed Suat Hayri trgiiplii
to be Premier. tCrgiipliisaid all 4 major parties
would be representedin his Cabinet.
May 3: A Turkish airliner was hijackedto Bulgaria
by 4 studentswho threatenedto blow up the plane
and 61 passengersif 3 condemnedTurkish terror-
ists were not releasedby Ankara.
May 4: The armed forces were put on general alert
and a 6 hour curfewimposed after GeneralKema-
lettin Eken,chief of the gendarmerie,was wounded
in an ambushin Ankara.
The 4 Turkishhijackerssurrenderedto Bulgarian
authoritiesafter the Turkishgovernmentrefusedto
release 3 condemnedterroristsin Ankara.
May 6: Threemembersof the TurkishPeople'sLiber-
ation Armywere hangedin Ankara.
May 8: Ismet Inonu resignedfrom his post as chair-
man of the RepublicanPeople's Partyafter losing
a vote of confidenceat a party convention.
May 13: Premier-Designatetrgiiplii proposed a
Cabinetbut it was rejectedby PresidentSunay.
May 14: The RPP elected Biilent Ecevit Chairmanof
the partyreplacingIsmet ndni.i.
May 15: Sunay asked Defense Minister Ferit Melen
to acceptthe premiershipand form a Cabinet.
305
Yemen
(See also Algeria,Iraq,Kuwayt,Lebanon,
Libya,SouthYemen, Tunisia)
1972
Feb. 20: Iraqi News Agency reportedthat the Soviet
Union offered$15m worth of arms as a gift and a
$35m loan.
Mar. 3: Middle East Economic Digest reportedthe
USSR agreedto a grant of $35m and militaryaid
worth $15m to include Mig jets, T-34 tanks and
2 torpedoboats.
Mar. 11: The governmentaccusedSouth Yemen of
massing troops on the borderand of shelling the
village of Baydah. A statement issued in Beirut
said South Yemen was stirring up incidents to
cover up internal problems.
Mar. 12: Premier Muhsin al-'Ayni accused South
Yemen of bombingand strafingYemeni villages.
Premier al-'Ayni flew to Syria for talks on the
South Yemen problem with President 'Abd al-
Rahman al-Iryani who was convalescing in La-
takyah.
Mar. 18: South Yemen reportedthe governmenthad
closed the mutual border and banned exports of
fruit, vegetablesand qat to South Yemen.
Mar.26: The Embassyin BeirutaccusedSouthYemen
of killing 60 personsduringa weddingin a village
near the border of South Yemen. The statement
said the government would hold South Yemen
fully responsible and that war would follow if
Aden'spolicies continued.
Apr. 9: Algerian Ministerof IndustryBelaid Abdes-
salam left after talks with Premier al-'Ayni on
petroleumcooperation.
Apr. 11: The governmentannounceda $2.5m grant
from AbiuDhabi for a radio station.
Apr. 17: The following Cabinet changes were
announced:
'Ali Sayf al-Khulani:Interior
'Ali al-Samman:Justice
HashimTalib: LocalAdministration
May 10: An officialannouncementclaimed 2 soldiers
were killed in a clash with South Yemeni troops
on the border.
May 12: Middle East EconomicDigest reportedthe
Information Minister Ahmad Dahmash said the
governmentwas ready to resume diplomatic rela-
tions with the US.