SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING LUCBAN, QUEZON Laguerfa ——-Rosaly PB SCHOOL YEAR ; 2920-2021 SURNAME GIVENNAME ML SEMESTER — :_2nd COURSE :_BSME TIME DAY ROOM YEAR/SECTION:_3~GM MCE12Lab - MATERIALS SCIENCE LABORATORY TEST NO. 1 TENSILE STRENGTH DETERMINATION BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERINGSOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY, COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING LUCBAN, QUEZON Date Performed:_Feb. 24,2021 Date Submitted:_March ©2, 2021 Rating: TEST NO. 1 TENSILE STRENGTH DETERMINATION I—Material Testing Lab The ability to predict the loads that will cause a part to fail depends upon both material properties and the machine part Geometry. The laboratory involves testing procedures that are used to verify these characteristics. The test is a materials test known as a “Tensile Test” which is used to determine/verify material properties. II - Test Objectives The tensile measures the resistance of material to a static or slowly applied force. This laboratory experiment is designed to demonstrate the procedure used for obtaining mechanical properties as modulus of elasticity, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), toughness, uniform elongation, elongation and reduction in area at rapture. Besides the true stress-true strain curve can also be determines with the help of the tensile test. I -Procedure 1. Identify the material for specimen. 2. Mark off 2 inches gage length on specimen, 3. Measure the initial diameter of specimen. 4, Follow the procedure given by the instructor for inserting the in the tensile machine, 5. After failure, measure final diameter, final gage length. and observe the character failure. Prepared by: ENGR, GILBERT R, ESQUILLOIV - Labeled Set-up A. Actual Failure Value Load cei! T Stop /Spced Assembly E f flame Control Pancl eet! Upper Grip Fixture ‘specimen Graph of Specimen Lower Grip Fixture After Experiment - Failure Fixes Base Plate SL= 29.3mm or 0.0293m B. Stress-Strain relation in tension * Indicate the properties of the material investigated ~ Mes and Points Sige an tor Me Se a ptOnes. ond Poin ae ae 8: Wield Poim uilimate Str CO: Strain Haracning ieee et OA: Elastic Limit DE: Necking Zone Hardening Prepared by: ENGR. GILBERT R, ESQUILLO‘V ~Data Test Results — Round Test Specimen All values in the | Characteristics | Symbols Unit Observation metric system _| Parameter and result 1 Diameter of ‘specimen do ‘Meter Cm) O.01m 2 Initial Gauge Length Le Meter (mm) O.m 3 Final Gaige Length Ly Meter (m) 129m 4 Mean Strain & sities = 293 5 ‘inal Time Until A Minute / joes men Fai Seconds Specimen Fails econ 6 Cross-section Square Meter |) oo. -5 A cm?) 7.8.54 x10 Mm’ 7 Maximum : KiloNewton Tensile Force Fax kN) SE 89KN 8 Maximum 1 Megapasco! Tensile Stress Cmax mea) avenue vit 9 Modulus of ‘Giga poscal on. 17 Elasticity E CaPa) pane 10 Reading of Millimeter | 129.35 mam Extensometer Le cmm) At Elastic Region: 402.343 M% (1m) ~émm (a) Tooae = 201.17 GPa Erol. aL Prepared by: ENGR. GILBERT R. ESQUILLO Selene eet It 8VI - Discuss and Illustrate the following 1. Yield Stress Point 35 Yield Stress Point 4" Yicla Stress a 2% offset 2% offset 2. Proportional Limit Elastic limit Proportional vient Guin) Suess A 2% offscr Strain ty ig ane indication of max- imum gtresseS thot con ve developed in a material without causing plastic deformation. 1 iS a stress at which a materio! exridits a specified permanent deformation and is tne practicaiy aprrorimation of elastic limit Offset Yield $t1C56, corresponds Ho the intersection of ine sircss~ strain cure = For Metals, siress is usually specified ag 0.2% Proportional limit determines Hine greatest sites that is directly Proportional to strain Tt ig tne pom on ine stress Sirain cue were {he lincar, elastic deformation regions trace GIONS IMO qoMlinear, Plastic ccformation tegion Prepared by: ENGR. GILBERT R, ESQUILLO3. Tensile Strength HW is a maximum toad of 0 material can support without fFACMUKE When Deing stretched, divided DY ane original ctoss- Sectional area of ine Material on FORE oz Emax A cross-sectional atea When stresses tess than ine Aeasile sirengin are removed, a material returns Compictely oF partially 40. its original snape ond size. 4. Ultimate Stress Tf the tensile test is continued past Yielding, the load reaches ine maximum as a sirain localizes and © NECK CEVEIOPS in a sompI- The moximum load, divided DY a cross” sectional area of ine sample, iS called ultimate tensile stess CUTS), usimate stress é The maximum stress 40 whicn a materio! may be supjected before failure Occurs is caned tensile sirengin- Hf the property is aclerming| wonganier in tension, it is Known as ne ultimate tensile strength Prepared by: ENGR. GILBERT R. ESQUILLO5. Modulus of Elasticity 1 is anc measurement of the Moterials qasticty. Hh quantities o materials resistance to mon perManEM or elastic deformation ANTEC Region r2 eg: 2 E= mouutus of elastic Region & elasticity Modulus oF stress Lt strain Also, as snown in the Figure, it is te slope of the sitaignt Tine portion of stress stdin curve, 6. Ductility Ductility is tnar quality oF morerioh by virtue Of which it may be plastically elongated. the ductility of @ material can ‘be expressed in ferms of ihe Percentage elongation © Sompte Of AME material will experie” nee when fractured in a tensile dest This is expressed aS the percentage increase. in length for o gwen initio! Cgage) Sengin- It ig frequenty assumes Anat © material is ductile i¢ ane elon~ gation is greater than 5% in a 2-in- gage Buctile, Prepared by: ENGR. GILBERT R. ESQUILLO7. Reduction Area Ductility may aiso be indicated by tne eduction of area of o specimen at inc point of Fracture The reauction of area is expressed os dine ratio of tne decrease in area of jhe necked-down section of tne icst Specimen Yo oFiginal Grea on perce” dage basis) A ign reduction of Grea ig property required of meide| Anat are 10 be cola drawn or press intO intricate nape. Brite material Snow practically no seduction of arta 8. What is tensile testing? His One oF tne widely Used mecnay exiginal piomerer Teaxefion i Diometer ‘iorheter @ callure nical test, DY measuring tne Force required 40. Clongate a specimen 40 breaking point, material properties con be cetefmined that will allow Ocsigners and quality managers +0 predict NOW ihe materials wil penove in incir intended applicatics Fensite test arc, typically conducted on eleciromecnonical or universal Resting instruments, Ort simple 10 perform and ore fully standardize Prepared by: ENGR. GILBERT R. ESQUILLO9. Why perform tensile test? \Ne Need 10 perform fensile test Decouse We can learn a ot adout AMe specimen Subjected 40 tension While testing we can optain about ane tensile property of a substance hepele! Compicicly, Wren data optained ee Were 10 DE ploted in a graph seecificanty a ~siress: strain curve” Will Be snown depicting how tne specimen reacted 40 the force applied: Tne poim of break or failure will be seen ana calculated OS Well as INE MOAUIUS Of elasticity, Viela strength ona. strain. 10. How is the reduction of area determined and expressed? TA can be determined py applying © tensile load 40 a tes! samp: The test sample is consist of a Single piece material (without joints) ond nas large ends since it will be clamped onto the testing machine. The tensile testing macni a applics longitudinal force on tne Sample gradually 40 elongaic the sample Until it forms ancck and © failure occur in Th can be calcuiared by a Moving G decreased in a cross-sectional Original crose-sectional Grea. I¥ s Grea divided by Ane 18 usuclly increased iN Percentage. ALAS wnere: Ais Original cross-sectional ares hh Rat Ag= minimum cross cctional orca otter Foire RA® Percentage feduction & area Prepared by: ENGR. GILBERT R. ESQUILLO‘VIL Mechanical application related to testing Aerospace and Aviution Industry ~ Choosing lightweight materiais to re Guce fuel consumption yet still satisfies specific applications strength. requirements, Automobile Inausiry~ Ottermination of ine breaking strength, asse- sing Me quality of exterior and interior fittings. Metals and Construction Industry- Tensile strength of safety support citings timbers and gel testings Electrical and Electronics (ndustry- Strength of printed circuit Poard CPCB) ana electrical wires 10 meet specific requirements Packaging and paper tngusiry= Measuring G maximum [oad 4nat Q moterial con withstand before it tears of ruptures. Plastics ang Rubber Indusity- Testing the adhesion of plastic or rubber labels VIII - Conclusion The main ining of a tensile test provide a pivotal and helpful data that givts a marcricl to characterize mechanical properties on providing the specific material in a given oplication set-up. Providing this such icst_ makes professional 10 make on accurate and necessary measurements ang to Gdjust where tne sptcimen makes ine nighest point before it makes o fracture Qnd fo have a failure. Therefore, tensile fest is very valuabie in aifrcrent Prospect Of making projects and building: IX - References hit ps! if factory «com hitps:// instron. us Nites: 1 support -ptc-com nttps:/) sciencing. com hHips:/) www. Twi-global-com hitps:/ matmatch.com hitps:// www. admet «com Hitps:17 we gom: com Prepared by: ENGR. GILBERT R. ESQUILLO