Baguio

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For other uses, see Baguio (disambiguation).

Baguio

Syudad ne Bag-iw  (Ibaloi)
 Syudad di Bagiw  (Kankanaey)
 Syudad ti Bagiw  (Ilocano)
 Lungsod ng Baguio  (Tagalog)

Highly urbanized city

City of Baguio

(From top, left to right): Panagbenga Park; Wright Park; Baguio City Hall; SM
City Baguio; Baguio Cathedral; Session Road; Burnham Park Lake

Flag
 Seal

Nicknames: 
Summer Capital of the Philippines
City of Pines
Anthem: Baguio Hymn

Map of Benguet with Baguio highlighted

show
OpenStreetMap

Baguio
Location within the Philippines
Coordinates:  16°24′55″N 120°35′44″ECoordinates:  16°24′55″N 
 120°35′44″E

Country  Philippines

Region Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)

Province Benguet (geographically only)
Districts Lone District

Founded 1900
Incorporated September 1, 1909 (city)
Highly Urbanized December 22, 1979
City

Barangays 130

Government
 • Type Sangguniang Panlungsod
 • Mayor Benjamin B. Magalong (Nationalist
People's Coalition)[1]
 • Vice Mayor Faustino A. Olowan (PDP–Laban)
 • Representative Marquez O. Go (NP)
 • Electorate 164,125 voters (2019)

Area
[2]

 • Highly urbanized 57.51 km2 (22.20 sq mi)

city
 • Metro 1,094.79 km2 (422.70 sq mi)
 (BLISTT)

Elevation 853 m (2,799 ft)

Population
 (2015 census) [3]
 • Highly urbanized 345,366
city
 • Density 6,000/km2 (16,000/sq mi)
 • Metro 551,764
 (BLISTT)
 • Metro density 500/km2 (1,300/sq mi)
 • Households 87,731

Economy
 • Income class 1st city income class
 • Poverty incidence 2.51 (2015)[4]
  • Revenue ₱1,496,499,373.37 (2016)

Time zone UTC+8 (PST)

ZIP code 2600

PSGC 141102000

IDD : area code  +63 (0)74

Climate type tropical rainforest climate

Native languages Kankanaey
Ibaloi
Ilocano
Tagalog

Website www.baguio.gov.ph

Baguio (UK: /ˈbæɡioʊ/ BAG-ee-oh, US: /ˈbɑːɡ-, ˌbɑːɡiˈoʊ/ BAH-ghee-oh, -OH), officially

the City of Baguio (Ibaloi: Syudad ne Bag-iw; Kankanaey: Syudad di
Bagiw; Ilocano: Siudad ti Baguio; Tagalog: Lungsod ng Baguio), is a 1st class highly
urbanized city in the region of Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR), Philippines. It is
known as the Summer Capital of the Philippines, owing to its cool climate since the city
is located approximately 4,810 feet (1,470 meters) above mean sea level, often cited as
1,540 meters (5,050 feet) in the Luzon tropical pine forests ecoregion, which also
makes it conducive for the growth of mossy plants, orchids and pine trees, to which it
attributes its other moniker as the "City of Pines". [5]
Baguio was established as a hill station by the United States in 1900 at the site of
an Ibaloi village known as Kafagway. It was the United States' only hill station in Asia.[6]
Baguio is classified as a Highly-Urbanized City (HUC). It is geographically located
within Benguet, serving as the provincial capital from 1901 to 1916, [7] but has since been
administered independently from the province following its conversion into a chartered
city. The city is the center of business, commerce, and education in northern Luzon, as
well as the seat of government of the Cordillera Administrative Region.[8] According to
the 2015 census, Baguio has a population of 345,366.  [3]

Contents

 1Etymology
 2History
o 2.1Pre-colonial period
o 2.2Spanish colonial period
o 2.3American colonial period
o 2.4World War II
o 2.5Post-war
 3Geography
o 3.1Climate
  3.1.1Precipitation
o 3.2Pollution
 4Landscape
o 4.1Architecture
 5Demographics
o 5.1Crime
o 5.2Religion
 5.2.1Christianity
 5.2.2Other faiths
 6Economy
o 6.1Industrial
o 6.2Outsourcing
 7Culture
o 7.1Arts and Museums
o 7.2Languages
o 7.3Festivities and Holidays
 8Tourism
 9Local government
o 9.1Barangays
 9.1.1Proposed merger of barangays
o 9.2Summer residences
 10Sports
 11Infrastructure
o 11.1Transportation
 11.1.1Air
 11.1.2Land
 11.1.3Possible Future Modes
o 11.2Water and Electricity
 12Healthcare
 13Education
o 13.1Elementary and Secondary
o 13.2Universities
 14Notable people
 15Sister cities
o 15.1Local
o 15.2International
 16See also
 17References
 18External links

Etymology
Baguio City was first called "Kafagway" by the locals. The name "Baguio" originates
from the American period and is derived from the Ibaloi word bagiw (moss), which was
then Hispanicized as "Baguio".[9] A demonym for natives of the city, "Ibagiw", is also
derived from bagiw. It is also the name for the city's annual arts festival. [10][11]
History
Pre-colonial period
Baguio used to be a vast mountain zone with lush highland forests, teeming with
various wildlife such as the indigenous deer, cloud rats, Philippine eagles, Philippine
warty pigs, and numerous species of flora. The area was a hunting ground of the
indigenous peoples, notably the Ibalois and other Igorot ethnic groups. When the
Spanish arrived in the Philippines, the area was never fully subjugated by Spain due to
the intensive defense tactics of the indigenous Igorots of the Cordilleras.[12]
Igorot oral history states the Benguet upper class, baknang, was founded between 1565
and the early 1600s, by the marriage of a gold trader, Amkidit, and a Kankanay
maiden gold panning in Acupan. Their son, Baruy, discovered a gold deposit in the
area, which he developed with hired workers and slaves. [12]
Spanish colonial period
In 1755, the Augustinian Fray Pedro de Vivar established a mission in Tonglo (Tongdo)
outside Baguio. Before he was driven out the following year, this rancheria included 220
people, including several baknang families. The Spanish tried to regain the mission in
1759, but were ambushed. This prompted the Governor General Pedro Manuel de
Arandía Santisteban to send Don Manuel Arza de Urrutia on a punitive expedition,
which resulted in the mission being burned to the ground. [12]:477–478
During the period of Spanish rule in 1846, the Spaniards established a comandancia in
the nearby town of La Trinidad, and organized Benguet into 31 rancherías, one of which
was Kafagway, a wide grassy area where the present Burnham Park is situated.
Kafagway was then a minor rancheria consisting of only about 20 houses. Most of the
lands in Kafagway were owned by Mateo Cariño, who served as its chieftain.[13] The
Spanish presidencia, which was located at Bag-iw at the vicinity of Guisad Valley was
later moved to Cariño's house where the current city hall stands. Bag-iw, a local term for
"moss" once abundant in the area was spelled by the Spaniards as Baguio, which
served as the name of the rancheria.[7][14]
During the Philippine Revolution in July 1899, Filipino revolutionary forces under Pedro
Paterno liberated La Trinidad from the Spaniards and took over the government,
proclaiming Benguet as a province of the new Philippine Republic. Baguio was
converted into a "town", with Mateo Cariño being the presidente (mayor).[7][14]
American colonial period

Summer offices of the Philippine Insular Government in Baguio in 1909

The tents and dormitories of Teachers Camp in Baguio, 1909, the summer retreat for American educators

When the United States occupied the Philippines after the Spanish–American War,

Baguio was selected to become the summer capital of the then Philippine
Islands. Governor-General William Taft, on his first visit in 1901, noted the "air as
bracing as Adirondacks or Murray Bay... temperature this hottest month in the
Philippines on my cottage porch at three in the afternoon sixty-eight." [15]:317–319
In 1903, Filipinos, Japanese and Chinese workers were hired to build Kennon Road, the
first road directly connecting Baguio with the lowlands of La Union and Pangasinan.
Before this, the only road to Benguet was Naguilian Road, and it was largely a horse
trail at higher elevations. Camp John Hay was established on October 25, 1903
after President Theodore Roosevelt signed an executive order setting aside land
in Benguet for a military reservation for the United States Army. It was named after
Roosevelt's Secretary of State, John Milton Hay.
The Mansion, built in 1908, served as the official residence of the American Governor-
General during the summer to escape Manila's heat. The Mansion was designed by
architect William E. Parsons based on preliminary plans by architect Daniel Burnham.[16]
Burnham, one of the earliest successful modern city planners, designed the mountain
retreat following the tenets of the City Beautiful movement.[17] In 1904, the rest of the city
was planned out by Burnham. On 1 September 1909, Baguio was declared as a
chartered city and nicknamed the "Summer Capital of the Philippines". [18]
The succeeding period saw further developments of and in Baguio with the construction
of Wright Park in honor of Governor-General Luke Edward Wright, Burnham Park in
honor of Burnham, Governor Pack Road, and Session Road.[19]
World War II
Main article: Battle of Baguio (1945)
Prior to World War II, Baguio was the summer capital of the Commonwealth of the
Philippines, and the home of the Philippine Military Academy.[20]
On 8 December 1941, 17 Japanese bombers attacked Camp John Hay.[21]:291
Following the Japanese invasion of the Philippines in 1941, the Imperial Japanese
Army used Camp John Hay, an American installation in Baguio, as a military base.
[22]
 The nearby Philippine Constabulary base, Camp Holmes, was used as an internment
camp for about 500 civilian enemy aliens, mostly Americans, between April 1942 and
December 1944.[23]
By late March 1945, Baguio was within range of the American and Filipino
military artillery. President José P. Laurel of the Second Philippine Republic, a puppet
state established in 1943, departed the city on 22 March and reached Taiwan eight
days later, on 30 March.[24] The remainder of the Second Republic government, along
with Japanese civilians, were ordered to evacuate Baguio on March 30.
General Tomoyuki Yamashita and his staff then relocated to Bambang, Nueva Vizcaya.
[25]

General Yamashita (center, on the near side of the table) at the surrender ceremony at Camp John Hay on 3
September 1945.

A major offensive to capture Baguio did not occur until April 1945, when the USAFIP-
NL's 1st Battalion of the 66th Infantry, attached with the United States Army's 37th
Infantry Division, the USAFIP-NL's 2nd Battalion of 66th Infantry, attached with the
US 33rd Infantry Division, and the USAFIP-NL's 3rd Battalion of the 66th Infantry,
converged on Baguio. By 27 April 1945, the city was liberated and the joint force moved
on to liberate the Trinidad valley.[21]
Baguio is the site of the formal surrender of General Yamashita and Vice Admiral
Okochi at Camp John Hay's American Residence in the presence of lieutenant
generals Arthur Percival and Jonathan Wainwright.[26]
Post-war
The 1990 Luzon earthquake (Ms = 7.7) destroyed some parts of Baguio and the
surrounding province of Benguet on the afternoon of July 16, 1990. [27] A significant
number of buildings and infrastructure were damaged, including the Hyatt Terraces
Plaza, Nevada Hotel, Baguio Park Hotel, FRB Hotel and Baguio Hilltop Hotel; major
highways were temporarily blocked due to landslides and pavement breakup; and a
number of houses were leveled or severely shaken with numerous casualties. [28] Some
of the fallen buildings were built on or near fault lines; local architects later admitted
structural building codes should have been followed more religiously, particularly
regarding concrete and rebar standards, and "soft stories." Baguio has been rebuilt with
aid from the national government and international donors such
as Japan, Singapore and other countries, including the continuous American aid to
National government, which for 1990–1991 direct aid totaled over US$480 million.

Geography
 Panoramic view of Baguio

Baguio is located some 1,400 meters (4,600 feet) above sea level, nestled within
the Cordillera Central mountain range in northern Luzon. The city is enclosed by the
province of Benguet.[18] It covers a small area of 57.5 square kilometres (22.2 sq mi).
Most of the developed part of the city is built on uneven, hilly terrain of the northern
section. When Daniel Burnham drew plans for the city, he made the City Hall a
reference point where the city limits extend 8.2 kilometres (5.1 mi) from east to west and
7.2 kilometres (4.5 mi) from north to south.[18]

Pine trees near UP Baguio

Mt. Santo Tomas fog

Climate
Under the Köppen climate classification, Baguio features a tropical monsoon
climate (Köppen climate classification: Am), which is bordering on a subtropical
highland climate (Köppen climate classification: Cwb).[29] The city is known for its mild
climate owing to its high elevation. The temperature in the city is usually about 7 to 8 °C
(12.6 to 14.4 °F) cooler than the temperature in the lowland area. [18][30] Average
temperature ranges from 15 to 23 °C (59 to 73 °F) with the lowest temperatures
between November and February. The lowest recorded temperature was 6.3 °C
(43.3 °F) on January 18, 1961 and in contrast, the all-time high of 30.4 °C (86.7 °F) was
recorded on March 15, 1988 during the 1988 El Niño season.[31] The temperature seldom
exceeds 26 °C (78.8 °F) even during the warmest part of the year.
Precipitation
Like many other cities with a subtropical highland climate, Baguio receives noticeably
less precipitation during its dry season. However, the city has an extraordinary amount
of precipitation during the rainy season from June to October. [18] The city averages over
3,100 mm (122 in) of precipitation annually.[citation needed]
hideClimate data for Baguio (1981–2010, extremes 1909–2
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul
29.7 28.7 30.4 30.0 29.4 28.7 27.9
Record high °C (°F)
(85.5) (83.7) (86.7) (86.0) (84.9) (83.7) (82.2)
23.3 24.1 25.2 25.8 25.0 24.4 23.4
Average high °C (°F)
(73.9) (75.4) (77.4) (78.4) (77.0) (75.9) (74.1)
18.1 18.7 19.9 20.8 20.7 20.5 19.8
Daily mean °C (°F)
(64.6) (65.7) (67.8) (69.4) (69.3) (68.9) (67.6)
12.9 13.4 14.5 15.9 16.4 16.5 16.3
Average low °C (°F)
(55.2) (56.1) (58.1) (60.6) (61.5) (61.7) (61.3)
6.3 6.7 7.4 10.0 7.7 12.5
Record low °C (°F) —
(43.3) (44.1) (45.3) (50.0) (45.9) (54.5)
15.2 23.4 46.0 104.1 341.1 475.8 781.9
Average rainfall mm (inches)
(0.60) (0.92) (1.81) (4.10) (13.43) (18.73) (30.78)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm) 3 3 5 9 20 22 26
Average relative humidity (%) 85 84 83 84 88 89 92
Source: PAGASA[32][33]

Pollution
Baguio suffers from air pollution and is one of the cities with the dirtiest air in the country
according to a 2014 WHO report.[34] A slight improvement in the city's air quality was
cited in 2017 by the DENR's Environmental Management Bureau. In a
2018 WHO report, the city was again listed among 8 other cities alongside Cebu,
Dagupan, Davao, Manila, San Carlos, Urdaneta and Zamboanga. [35] Eco-vehicles and
Euro-4 compliant vehicles have been tested whether or not they are suited for the city's
steep slopes in line with efforts to modernize its Public Utility Vehicles (PUVs). [36] Public
Utility Vehicles, specifically jeepneys have been pushed for its modernization, in line
with President Duterte's PUV modernization initiative.[37]
Another problem that plagues the city is its garbage and waste disposal. The city has
been dumping its garbage in a landfill in Urdaneta City, but rising costs are putting a
strain on the city's budget.[38] As of 2019, the Philippine National Oil Company (PNOC)
has offered to test a waste-to-energy technology as a possible solution to its garbage
woes.[39] The city's waste water treatment plant is also eyed for an expansion as it not
been able to fully cater to the city's needs. Those which the plant have not been able to
cater to were dumped in the Balili River, leading to its high coliform levels, even higher
than that of Manila Bay's.[40]

Landscape
Baguio Skyline as of 2018

Porta Vaga Mall

Along with Manila, Baguio is also a planned city. American Architect and Urban
Planner Daniel Burnham was commissioned to design the new capital. His design for
the city was based on the City Beautiful movement, which features broad streets and
avenues radiating out from rectangles.
During the Second World War, Baguio was razed to the ground during Japanese' forces
invasion and the subsequent shelling by American forces during the liberation. After the
liberation, rebuilding began and most of the historical buildings were thoroughly
reconstructed. However, some of the historic buildings from the 19th century that had
been preserved in reasonably reconstructible form were nonetheless eradicated or
otherwise left to deteriorate. During the 1990 Luzon earthquake, it further devastated
Baguio's old buildings. A total of 28 collapsed buildings, including hotels, factories, and
government and university buildings, as well as many private homes and
establishments resulted from the quake.[41]

An office building along Session Road destroyed by artillery fire during the Battle of Baguio and not rebuilt as of
2018

Baguio's current landscape is mostly of contemporary architecture.

Architecture
Almost all of Manila's prewar and Spanish colonial architecture were destroyed during
its battle for liberation by the intensive bombardment of the United States Air Force
during World War II. Reconstruction took place afterwards.
Baguio's contemporary architecture is largely of American build, owing to the fact that
Americans were the ones to establish a station here. A few examples include those built
at Teacher's Camp and Camp John Hay, previous American installations in the city as
well as the current Baguio City Hall. Some buildings are also influenced by Spanish
building concepts, such as Porta Vaga Mall and La Azotea. One of the more modern
buildings in the city is SM City Baguio, established back in 2003.[42]
Moves by various groups with the goal to preserve these buildings have been made. [43]
[44]
 Baguio City Hall, being a historic building, has faced opposition for renovation of its
grounds and may be against laws on national cultural heritage sites. [45] The renovations
however continued as there have been no documentation that supports Baguio City Hall
as a national heritage site.[46] The construction of the park was finished in May 2019 as
was said to define the city's new moniker as a creative center for crafts and folk arts. [47]

Demographics
Population census of Baguio

Year Pop. ±% p.a.

1918 5,464 —    

1939 24,117 +7.33%

1948 29,262 +2.17%

1960 50,436 +4.64%

1970 84,538 +5.29%

1975 97,449 +2.89%

1980 119,009 +4.08%

1990 183,142 +4.41%

1995 226,883 +4.09%

2000 252,386 +2.31%

2007 301,926 +2.50%

2010 318,676 +1.98%

 2015 345,366 +1.54%

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority [3] [48] [49][50]

The original inhabitants of the Baguio City area are the Ibaloi people (natively
pronounced as "Ivadoi"). When the Americans established the city in the early 1900s,
early settlers in the city include members of other Igorot tribes (Igudut in Ibaloi), the
lowlander Ilocanos (Iduko), Americans (Merikano), and mestizos. A significant number
of Chinese and Japanese laborers were also hired to build Kennon Road, many of
whom later settled in the city.[11]
The city's population as of May 2000 was placed at 250,000 persons. The city has a
very young age structure as 65.5 percent of its total population is below thirty years old.
Females comprise 51.3 percent of the population as against 48.7 percent for males.
The household population comprises 98 percent of the total population or 245,000
persons. With an average of 4.6 members per household, a total of 53,261 household
are gleaned. During the peak of the annual tourist influx, particularly during the Lenten
period, transients triple the population.[18]

Houses in Baguio

Crime
Crime in Baguio is concentrated in theft and vehicular accidents. Crime in the city is
also directly related to its changing demographics and unique criminal justice system.
The illegal drug trade is also a problem of the city as 24 of its 129 barangays are
considered as drug affected as of December 2017. [51]
In 2018, Baguio was listed as one of the safest cities both in the ASEAN region, ranking
sixth with a crime index of 40.57 and safety index of 59.43. The Baguio City Police
Office also has the highest crime solution efficiency nationwide of 84%, compared to the
national 77% and the region's 70%. [51] In May 2019 BCPO also reported a drop of 27% in
crimes, from 1,150 in 2018 to 834 in 2019. The BCPO was awarded as the country's
best city police station in 2018.[52][53]
Religion
Christianity
The Cathedral of Our Lady of the Atonement

Baguio is a predominantly Christian city, with 80.4% Roman Catholics, followed by the

Episcopalian Church with 5.8% and 3.5 from the Iglesia ni Cristo. [54] Other Christian
denominations and sects in the city include the Pentecostal Missionary Church of Christ
(4th Watch), The Kingdom of Jesus Christ the name above Every Name, Episcopal
Church, Iglesia ni Cristo, Iglesia Filipina Independiente, Jehovah's Witnesses, United
Church of Christ in the Philippines (UCCP), Jesus Is Lord Church (JIL), Jesus Miracle
Crusade (JMC), the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS), the United
Methodist Church, Assemblies of God (AG), and Baptist, Presbyterian, Lutheran,
Members Church of God International (MCGI), Bible Fundamental, and
other Evangelical churches.
Other faiths
There is also a significant number of Muslims in the cities, consisting of Filipino
Muslims of different ethnicities and Muslims of other nationalities. The largest mosque in
the area is Masjid Al-Maarif, which is a known centre of Islamic studies in the
Philippines. The city also has smaller numbers of Buddhists and atheists, along with
members of other faiths.

Economy

SM City Baguio as viewed from Burnham Park

Maharlika Livelihood Complex

Brooms with price tags being sold in market

Baguio is the melting pot of different peoples and cultures in the Cordillera

Administrative Region. Because of this, numerous investments and business
opportunities are lured to the city. [18] Baguio has a large retail industry, with shoppers
coming to the city to take advantage of the diversity of competitively priced commercial
products on sale.[55] The city is also popular with bargain hunters—some of the most
popular bargaining areas include Baguio Market and Maharlika Livelihood Center.
Despite the city's relatively small size, it is home to numerous shopping centers and
malls catering to increasing commercial and tourist activity in Baguio: these include SM
City Baguio, Baguio Center Mall, Cooyeesan Plaza, Abanao Square, The Maharlika
Livelihood Center, Porta Vaga Mall, Centerpoint Plaza, Cedar Peak Mall, Puregold, SM
Savemore, Tiongsan, Country Mart, Victoria Supermart, Sunshine Supermarket, and
Ayala Technohub Retail Plaza.
Various food and retail businesses run by local residents proliferate, forming a key part
of Baguio's cultural landscape. Several retail outlets and dining outlets are situated
along Bonifacio Street, Session Road, Teacher's Camp, Mines View Park and Baguio
Fastfood Center near the market.
The areas of Session Road, Harrison Road, Magsaysay Avenue and Abanao Street
comprise the trade center of the city, where commercial and business structures such
as cinemas, hotels, restaurants, department stores, and shopping centers are
concentrated. The City Market offers a wide array of locally sourced goods and
products, usually from Benguet province,[56][57] which includes colorful woven fabrics and
hand-strung beads to primitive wood carvings, cut flowers, [56] strawberries and "Baguio"
vegetables, the latter often denoting vegetable types that do well in the cooler growing
climate. Strawberries and string beans—referred to as Baguio beans across the
Philippines—are shipped to major urban markets across the archipelago.
Another key source of income for Baguio is its position as the commercial hub for the
province of Benguet. Many agricultural and mining goods produced in Benguet pass
through Baguio for processing, sale or further distribution to the lowlands. [citation needed]
A building hosting a BPO in Baguio.

Industrial
Baguio is one of the country's most profitable and best investment areas. [58][59]
A Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA)-accredited business and industrial park
called the Baguio City Economic Zone (BCEZ) is located in the southern part of the city
between Camp John Hay Country Club and Philippine Military Academy in Barangay
Loakan. Firms located in the BCEZ mostly produce and export knitted clothing,
transistors, small components for vehicles, electronics and computer parts. Notable
firms include Texas Instruments Philippines, which is the second largest exporter in the
country.[60] Other companies headquartered inside the economic zone are Moog
Philippines, Inc., Linde Philippines, Inc., LTX Philippines Corporation, Baguio-Ayalaland
Technohub, and Sitel Philippines, Baguio.[citation needed]

Aegis Baguio

Outsourcing
Outsourcing also contributes to the city's economy and employment. There are
multiple BPOs present in the city. Teleperformance Baguio is headquartered in front of
Sunshine Park, while other call centers downtown are Optimum Transsource, Sterling
Global and Global Translogic. Others, like Convergys and InterContinental Hotels
Group have call centers in Camp John Hay away from the city proper. Tech-Synergy
operates a large transcription and backoffice operation near Wright
park. SitelThoughtFocus Technologies, a leading US provider of Software and KPO
services decided to set up its KPO operation center in Baguio.
In recent years there has been a surge of small BPO companies as well as Online
English Tutorial Services throughout Baguio City.

Culture
Arts and Museums

Baguio Museum

The city became a haven for many Filipino artists in the 1970s–1990s. Drawn by the
cool climate and low cost of living, artists such as Ben Cabrera (now a National Artist)
and filmmaker Butch Perez relocated to the city. At the same time, locals such as
mixed-media artist Santiago Bose and filmmaker Kidlat Tahimik were also establishing
work in the city. Even today, artists like painters and sculptors from all over the country
are drawn to the Baguio Arts Festival which is held annually. [30] The city houses several
museums, such as the Baguio Museum, Museo Kordilyera, Emilio F. Aguinaldo
Museum, the Laperal White House and the SLU Museum of Arts and Cultures.
Baguio has been included in UNESCO's Creative Cities Network due to craft and folk
art traditions of the city particularly ranging on expressions to wood carving, silver craft,
traditional weaving and tattooing.[61] Baguio City is the first city in the Philippines to be
part of the inter-city network which aims to promote the creative industries as well as
integrate culture in sustainable urban development. [62]

A float by the Scouts Royale Brotherhood used at the 2012 Panagbenga Festival

Languages
The languages commonly spoken in Baguio are Ibaloi, Kankana-
ey and Ifugao. Ilocano, Tagalog and English are also understood by many inhabitants
within and around the city.
Festivities and Holidays
The Panagbenga Festival, the annual Flower Festival, held in February, was created as
a tribute to the city's flowers and as a way to rise up from the devastation of the 1990
Luzon earthquake. The festival includes floats that are covered mostly with flowers not
unlike those used in Pasadena's Rose Parade. The festival also includes street
dancing, presented by dancers clad in flower-inspired costumes, that is inspired by the
Bendian, an Ibaloi dance of celebration that came from the Cordillera region. The
indigenous people were initially wary with government-led tourism due to a perceived
threat that the government would interfere with or change their communities' rituals.
[63]
 The city also celebrates its city charter anniversary every 1 September and has been
declared as a special non-working holiday by virtue of RA 6710 in 1989. [64]

Tourism
Further information: List of Cultural Properties of the Philippines in the Cordillera
Administrative Region

Burnham Park Lake

Tourism is one of Baguio's main industries due to its cool climate and history. The city is
one of the country's top tourist destinations. During the year end holidays some people
from the lowlands prefer spending their vacation in Baguio, to experience cold
temperatures they rarely have in their home provinces. Also, during summer, especially
during Holy Week, tourists from all over the country flock to the city. During this time,
the total number of people in the city doubles. [65] To accommodate all these people there
are more than 80 hotels and inns available, as well as numerous transient houses set
up by the locals.[66] Local festivities such as the Panagbenga Festival also attracts both
local and foreign tourists.
Baguio is the lone Philippine destination in the 2011 TripAdvisor Traveller's Choice
Destinations Awards (Asia category) with the city being among the top 25 destinations
in Asia.[67] Burnham Park, Mines View Park, Teacher's Camp, The Mansion and Baguio
Cathedral are among the top tourist sites in Baguio.

Local government
Baguio City Hall

Baguio City Hall at night

Baguio—officially the City of Baguio—is a highly urbanized city. It is led by its own
mayor, and he is assisted by the vice mayor. The vice mayor leads the city council,
composed of 12 elected councilors and 2 ex-officio members (the ABC President and
SK President of the city). It is represented in the House of Representatives by its own
congressman, the city itself a lone district, separate from the province of Benguet. The
city officials are term-limited by up to 3 terms, with each term lasting for 3 years. [68]
As a highly urbanized city with its own charter, it is not subject to the jurisdiction of
Benguet province, of which it was formerly a part. The City Government holds office at
the Baguio City Hall.
The city's government's composition as of June 30, 2019 [69][70][71]

City Government of Baguio

Position Name Year elected Term no.

Congressman Marquez O. Go 2016 2

Mayor Benjamin B. Magalong 2019 1

Vice Mayor Faustino A. Olowan 2019 1

Councilor Joel A. Alangsab 2013 3

Councilor Benny O. Bomogao 2016 2

Councilor Betty Lourdes F. Tabanda 2019 1

 Councilor Elaine D. Sembrano 2013 3

Maria Mylen Victoria G.

Councilor 2016 2
Yaranon

Councilor Isabelo B. Cosalan Jr. 2019 1

Councilor Francisco Roberto A. Ortega VI 2019 1

Councilor Arthur L. Allad-iw 2016 2

Councilor Vladimir D. Cayabas 2019 1

Councilor Fred L. Bagbagen 2019 1

Councilor Lilia A. Fariñas 2016 2

Councilor Phillian Louis Weygan-Allan 2019 1

Councilor
(ex-officio
Michael L. Lawana 2013 1
member)
ABC President

Councilor
(ex-officio
Levy Lloyd B. Orcales 2018 1
member)
SK President

Barangays
Baguio is composed of 129 barangays. They are led by their own captains assisted by a
7-man barangay council.[72]

 A. Bonifacio-Caguioa-Rimando (ABCR)
 Abanao-Zandueta-Kayong-Chugum-Otek (AZKCO)
 Alfonso Tabora
 Ambiong
 Andres Bonifacio (Lower Bokawkan)
 Apugan-Loakan
 Asin Road
 Atok Trail
 Aurora Hill Proper (Malvar-Sgt. Floresca)
 Aurora Hill, North Central
 Aurora Hill, South Central
 Bagong Lipunan (Market Area)
 Bakakeng Central
 Bakakeng North
 Bal-Marcoville (Marcoville)
 Balsigan
 Bayan Park East
 Bayan Park Village
 Bayan Park West (Bayan Park, Leonila Hill)
 BGH Compound
 Brookside
 Brookspoint
 Cabinet Hill-Teacher's Camp
 Camdas Subdivision
 Camp 7
 Camp 8
 Camp Allen
 Campo Filipino
 City Camp Central
 City Camp Proper
 Country Club Village
 Cresencia Village
 Dagsian, Lower
 Dagsian, Upper
 Dizon Subdivision
 Dominican Hill-Mirador
 Dontogan
 DPS Compound
 Engineers' Hill
 Esmeralda Avenue
 Fairview Village
 Ferdinand (Happy Homes-Campo Sioco)
 Fort del Pilar
 Gabriela Silang
 General Emilio F. Aguinaldo (Quirino-Magsaysay, Lower)
 General Luna, Upper
 General Luna, Lower
 Gibraltar
 Greenwater Village
 Guisad Central
 Guisad Sorong
 Happy Hollow
 Happy Homes (Happy Homes-Lucban)
 Harrison-Claudio Carantes
 Hillside
 Holy Ghost Extension
 Holy Ghost Proper
 Honeymoon (Honeymoon-Holy Ghost)
 Imelda R. Marcos (La Salle)
 Imelda Village
 Irisan
 Kabayanihan
 Kagitingan
 Kayang Extension
 Kayang-Hilltop
 Kias
 Legarda-Burnham-Kisad
 Liwanag-Loakan
 Loakan Proper
 Lopez Jaena
 Lourdes Subdivision Extension
 Lourdes Subdivision, Lower
 Lourdes Subdivision, Proper
 Lualhati
 Lucnab
 Magsaysay Private Road
 Magsaysay, Lower
 Magsaysay, Upper
 Malcolm Square-Perfecto (Jose Abad Santos)
 Manuel A. Roxas
 Market Subdivision, Upper
 Middle Quezon Hill Subdivision (Quezon Hill Middle)
 Military Cut-off
 Mines View Park
 Modern Site, East
 Modern Site, West
 MRR-Queen of Peace
 New Lucban
 Outlook Drive
 Pacdal
 Padre Burgos
 Padre Zamora
 Palma-Urbano (Cariño-Palma)
 Phil-Am
 Pinget
 Pinsao Pilot Project
 Pinsao Proper
 Poliwes
 Pucsusan
 Quezon Hill Proper
 Quezon Hill, Upper
 Quirino Hill, East
 Quirino Hill, Lower
 Quirino Hill, Middle
 Quirino Hill, West
 Quirino-Magsaysay, Upper (Upper QM)
 Rizal Monument Area
 Rock Quarry, Lower
 Rock Quarry, Middle
 Rock Quarry, Upper
 Saint Joseph Village
 Salud Mitra
 San Antonio Village
 San Luis Village
 San Roque Village
 San Vicente
 Sanitary Camp, North
 Sanitary Camp, South
 Santa Escolastica
 Santo Rosario
 Santo Tomas Proper
 Santo Tomas School Area
  Scout Barrio
 Session Road Area
 Slaughter House Area (Santo Niño Slaughter)
 SLU-SVP Housing Village
 South Drive
 Teodora Alonzo
 Trancoville
 Victoria Village
Proposed merger of barangays
A proposed merging of the city's 130 barangays had not been implemented since its
inception in 2000. Several local officials stressed that many of the city's barangays did
not comply with the minimum requirements in the Local Government Code of the
Philippines that a highly urbanized city must have a certified population of least 5,000
inhabitants. According to Mayor Mauricio Domogan, in the past, benefits granted to
local governments were based on the number of existing barangays. This led former
local officials to create as many barangays as possible in the city in order to acquire
additional benefits from the national government. The proposed merger, which will
reduce the barangays from 130 to about 40 to 50 by merging adjacent ones, is believed
to solve several issues concerning barangay boundary disputes, seemingly
biased allocation of funds for larger barangays in relation to barangays with lesser area
and population, as well as the inadequate honorarium of barangay officials.[73][74][75]

The Mansion - Summer Residence of the Philippine President

Summer residences
The city hosts the summer residences of the President, Vice President, Senate
President and House Speaker at Barangay Lualhati, while the Supreme Court, Court of
Appeals and the Cabinet Secretaries cottages are housed at Cabinet Hill. [76] The
Supreme Court and Court of Appeals holds summer sessions in the city, usually during
the month of April.[77]

Sports
Baguio Athletic Bowl

Baguio has hosted several sporting events, even those of international standing.
The Baguio Athletic Bowl within the grounds of Burnham Park is one of Baguio's
primary sporting venues. Baguio hosted the 1978 World Chess Championship match
between Anatoly Karpov and Viktor Korchnoi, building the Baguio Convention Center for
that purpose. The city is a participant in the CARAA games or the Cordillera
Administrative Region Athletic Association, hosting it last 2016 and 2017. The winners
of the said event will eventually represent the region in the annual Palarong
Pambansa games, which is also sponsored by the Department of Education.[78] As of
2019, the city is still the overall champion with 205 gold, 110 silver and 79 bronze
medals.[79][80]

Baguio City's CARAA medal tally

Elementary Division Secondary Division Total Rank

Yea
r
GO SILV BRO RAN GO SILV BRO RAN GO SILV BRO
LD ER NZE K LD ER NZE K LD ER NZE

Over-
201 Cham Cham all
79 36 18 125 53 21 204 89 39
4[81] pion pion Cham
pion

Over-
201 Cham Cham all
67 22 28 130 70 39 197 92 67
5[82] pion pion Cham
pion

201 88 35 30 Cham 124 56 49 Cham 212 91 79 Over-

6[83] pion pion all
Cham
 pion

Over-
201 Cham Cham all
85 45 21 147 67 38 232 112 59
7[84] pion pion Cham
pion

Over-
201 Cham Cham all
76 35 23 146 67 38 222 102 61
8[85] pion pion Cham
pion

Over-
201 Cham Cham all
70 36 25 135 74 54 205 110 79
9[79] pion pion Cham
pion

In recent years, Baguio City has been racking up titles and medals in the field of Mixed
Martial Arts led by Team Lakay.

Infrastructure
Transportation
Air

The Loakan Airport runway in the outskirts of the city

Loakan Airport is the lone airport serving the general area of Baguio. The airport is
classified as a trunkline airport, or a major commercial domestic airport, by the Civil
Aviation Authority of the Philippines but there are currently no regular commercial
services in the airport. It is located south of the city center. Due to the limited length of
the runway, being only 1,802 m (5,912 ft) long, it is restricted to commuter size aircraft.
The airport is used primarily by helicopters, turbo-prop and piston engine aircraft,
although on rare occasion light business jets (LBJ) have flown into the airport.
Land
Session Road, one of Baguio's primary roads

Flyover in Baguio.

Jeepneys and Taxis are the main means of public transportation in the city. The jeepney
was patterned after U.S. Army jeeps and have been in use since the years immediately
following World War II. All types of public road transport plying Manila are privately
owned and operated under government franchise.

Baguio outskirts overlooking Kennon Road and the mountains of Tuba

There are several bus lines linking Baguio with Manila and Central Luzon, and
provinces such as Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, Aurora, Cavite, La Union, Nueva
Vizcaya and those in the Ilocos regions.
From Metro Manila, Baguio is accessible via NLEX (from Bulacan to Tarlac)
and TPLEX (from Tarlac to La Union). The three main access roads leading to Baguio
from the lowlands are Kennon Road (formerly known as the Benguet Road),[86] Aspiras–
Palispis Highway (previously known as Marcos Highway)[87] and Naguilian Road, also
known as Quirino Highway. The newest road that connects the city to the lowlands
is Asin Road (also known as Asin-San Pascual-Tubao, La Union Road).[88] All these
roads traverse the municipality of Tuba, Benguet.

 Kennon Road starts in Rosario, La Union and winds

upwards through a narrow, steep valley. This is
often the fastest route to Baguio but it is particularly
perilous,[86] with landslides during the rainy season
and sharp dropoffs, some without guardrails. As of
June 2019, it was closed due to the multiple
occurrences of rock and land slides. Its full
rehabilitation is being pushed in the House of
Representatives.
 Aspiras-Palispis Highway starts in Agoo, La
Union and connects to Palispis Highway, at the
boundary of Benguet and La Union provinces.
 Asin-Tubao Road starts in Tubao, La Union and
serves as secondary alternative road if gridlock
occurs at Aspiras-Palispis Highway[88][89]
 Naguilian Road, which starts in Bauang, La Union,
are both longer routes but are much safer than
Kennon Road especially during rainy season, and
are the preferred routes for coaches, buses and
trucks.[90][91]
The Benguet-Nueva Vizcaya Road, which links Baguio to Aritao in Nueva
Vizcaya province, traverses the towns of Itogon, Bokod, and Kayapa.[92]
Another road, Halsema Highway, (also known as the Baguio-Bontoc Road or
the Mountain Trail) leads north through the mountainous portion of the provinces
of Benguet and Mountain Province.[93] It starts at the northern border of Baguio with La
Trinidad.
Possible Future Modes

 Cable Cars - As of July 8, 2019, Secretary Tugade

of the Department of Transportation said that the
feasibility study for the installation of the cable cars
in Manila may be finished within the year, with
Baguio soon to follow.[94] The Philippine government
earlier secured a P27 million grant from France for
this venture, with Manila and Baguio seen as
possible initial sites.[95]
 Monorail - A monorail project from Baguio to La
Trinidad is being mulled over by the SSS as a
possible investment in CAR. It is seen to further
boost tourism and decongest traffic. The project is
similar to the one installed by the Department of
 Science and Technology at the UP Campus in 2012.
[96]

Water and Electricity

Most of the water supply of the city is provided for by the Baguio Water District, founded
in 1975 as the successor to the now-defunct Department of Public Services. It currently
operates 60 deep wells to cater to its more than 300,000 consumers. It currently serves
122 out of the 129 barangays in the city and some parts of Tuba, Benguet. [97][98] In recent
years, the BWD has expressed concern for the city's depleting water supply, due in part
to the private wells dug by private individuals and companies. BWD hopes that such
activities would cease so as not to lower the city's aquifer level. [98]
Electric services are provided by BENECO or Benguet Electric Cooperative, the sole
electric power distributor in Benguet. In 2012, a bill was filled in the House of
Representatives seeking the creating of the Baguio Electric Cooperative or BAELCO,
an entity to provide for the city's own electricity needs, separate from BENECO. Its
creating has been met with opposition by various groups. It is unknown whether its
creation shall be pushed in the future.[99][100]

Healthcare

BGHMC-Baguio's sole government hospital

See also: List of hospitals in the Philippines

Baguio's healthcare is mainly provided by various private corporations. Private hospitals
that operates in the city are the Baguio Filipino-Chinese General Hospital and Medical
Research Center, Baguio Medical Center, BCU-Santo Niño de Jesus Medical Center
Foundation, Notre Dame de Chartres Hospital, Pines City Doctors' Hospital and Saint
Louis University's Hospital of Sacred Heart. In early 2019, several groups were eyeing
to establish a hospital in Barangay Scout Barrio, however, it was met with opposition.
As of March 2019, the project has been shelved.[101][102][103]
The Baguio City Health Services Office is the office responsible for the health care
programs provided by the city government, operating 16 health centers and 15 satellite
clinics. Baguio hosts the Baguio General Hospital and Medical Center or BGHMC, a
tertiary state-owned hospital administered and operated by the Department of Health. It
is the sole government hospital in the city as well as the largest government tertiary
hospital in the entire CAR region.[104][105]
Education

Baguio Central School

Baguio City National High School (BCNHS)

The Philippine Military Academy in Fort del Pilar

Baguio, considered as the "Educational Hub of the North", is a university town with

141,088 students out of the 301,926 population count done in the year 2007.
It is the center of education in the Northern Philippines due to high performances in
various professional licensure exams as well as adherence to high educational quality
standards, housing some of the best and largest universities in Northern Luzon. [106]
Elementary and Secondary
The city has several public and private elementary and secondary schools. Baguio City
National High School and the Pines City National High School are some of its
secondary public schools. The Philippine Science - CAR campus is also housed in the
city and was established in 2009. Most of its secondary private schools are divisions of
the private universities of the city.
Universities
The city houses eight major institutions of higher education. Baguio's first private school,
Easter College, was set up in 1906 by Rt.Rev. Charles Brent, who was Bishop of the
Episcopalian Church.
The Philippine Military Academy, the country's military school, is also housed in the city.
It was originally founded in the Walled City of Intramuros in 1907, before relocating to
the city in 1908 where it has been since.

Saint Louis University

Saint Louis University, the largest private university both in the city and in the entire
region, catering to over 40,000 students, was founded by Belgian CICM missionaries in
1911 initially as a one-storey school for boys. It became a college in the 1950s before
becoming a university in 1963. It currently has 3 campuses spread across the city.
The University of the Philippines, the country's premier state university, opened its
doors in 1921 to the students of Baguio, initially as an extension campus of
the University of the Philippines' Manila's Vigan campus. In 1961, it became a branch
campus of UP Diliman, before finally becoming UP Baguio in 2002.
Baguio Central University was funded in 1945 as the Centro Academy by the
Fernandez family. The following year, another educational institution, the University of
the Cordilleras was established as the Baguio Colleges before becoming the Baguio
Colleges Foundation. It became a full-fledged university in 2003. The University of
Baguio was set up as the Baguio Technical and Commercial Institute in 1948 by the
Baustista family. It was upgraded to university status in 1969.
Mainly a nursing and medical school, Pines City Colleges was founded in 1969 as the
Pines City Doctors Hospital School of Nursing, three years after the opening of Pines
City Doctors' Hospital in 1966.

Notable people
Main article: List of people from Baguio

Sister cities
Local
  Angeles[107]
 Alaminos, Pangasinan[107]
 Bacolod[107]
 Calbayog, Samar[107]
 Candon[108]
 Daet, Camarines Norte[107]
 Davao City[107]
 Dipaculao, Aurora[107]
 Lopez, Quezon[107]
 Lucena[107]
 Makati[107]
 Mandaue[107]
 Marawi, Lanao del Sur [107]
 Muñoz, Nueva Ecija[107]
 Ormoc, Leyte[107]
 Pavia, Iloilo[107]
 San Carlos, Negros Occidental[107]
 Zamboanga City[107]
International

  Cusco, Peru[107]
  Gongju, South Korea[107]
  Hangzhou, China[107]
  Hanyū, Saitama, Japan[107]
  Honolulu, Hawaii, United States[109]
  Karuizawa, Nagano, Japan[107]
  Nazareth, Israel[110]
  Vaughan, Ontario, Canada[107]
  Seoul, South Korea[107]
  Shepparton, Australia[107]
  Taebaek, South Korea[107]
  Tamuning, Guam[107]
  Taxco, Mexico[107]
  Vallejo, California, United States[111]
  Wakkanai, Hokkaido, Japan[107]

See also
 Philippines portal

 Capital of the Philippines

  Daniel Burnham
 Hill station
 Kennon Road
 La Trinidad
 Sagada
 Banaue
 Session Road

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Volume 1. ABC-CLIO. p.  1727. ISBN 978-1-59884-530-3.
27. ^ Punongbayan, Raymundo S.; Rimando, Rolly E.; Daligdig,
Jessie A.; Besana, Glenda M.; Daag, Arturo S.; Nakata,
Takashi; Tsutsumi, Hiroyuki.  "The July 16 Earthquake; A
Technical Monograph".  Philippine Institute of Volcanology
and Seismology; Hiroshima University. Archived from  the
original on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 13 October  2018.
28. ^ Gwen de la Cruz (16 July 2014). "Remembering the 1990
Luzon Earthquake". Rappler. Retrieved  12 August 2016.
29. ^ Peel, M. C.; Finlayson B. L. & McMahon, T. A.
(2007).  "Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate
classification"  (PDF). Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.  11  (5): 1633–
1644.  Bibcode:2007HESS...11.1633P.  doi:10.5194/hess-11-
1633-2007.  ISSN  1027-5606.
30. ^ Jump up to:a b "Baguio City Travel Information, Philippines". Asia
Travel. Archived from  the original on 1997-11-22.
Retrieved 2013-02-26.
31. ^ Basilan, Jacquelyn; Khristine Love Vicente (17 December
2008). "Baguio wakes up to coldest morn in 2008". Philippine
Daily Inquirer.  Archived  from the original on 2008-12-19.
Retrieved 2009-01-12.
32. ^ "Baguio City, Benguet Climatological Normal Values".
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical
Services Administration. Archived from the original  on 19
September 2018. Retrieved  18 September 2018.
33. ^ "Baguio City, Benguet Climatological Extremes". Philippine
Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration. Archived from  the original on 19 September
2018. Retrieved  18 September 2018.
34. ^ "Baguio air is among the dirtiest in the country". GMA
News. Retrieved  2019-07-18.
35. ^ Peña, Rox (2018-05-10).  "Peña: The latest WHO air
pollution report".  SunStar. Retrieved  2019-07-18.
36. ^ Llanes, Jonathan (2018-08-27).  "Euro-4 jeep tested in
Baguio".  SunStar. Retrieved  2019-07-18.
37. ^ "PUV Modernized Jeep Suitable in Baguio,
Cordilleras". Baguio Herald Express. Retrieved  2019-07-18.
38. ^ "Garbage problem plagues Baguio City — COA". Manila
Bulletin. Retrieved  2019-07-18.
39. ^ https://tribune.net.ph/index.php/2019/07/07/waste-to-
energy/
40. ^ Share; Twitter.  "Sewage plant in Baguio needs P250-M
rehab funds".  Philippine News Agency. Retrieved  2019-07-
18.
41. ^ Times, Special to The New York (1990-07-20).  "Manila
Assesses Damage and High Cost of Quake". The New York
Times.  ISSN  0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-07-20.
42. ^ "Philippine Daily Inquirer - Google News Archive
Search". news.google.com. Retrieved  2019-07-20.
43. ^ "Conservation bid in Baguio draws support of
architects".  Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved  2019-07-20.
44. ^ "Baguio Midland Courier
Website". baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph. Retrieved  2019-07-
20.
45. ^ Agency, Philippines News. "Baguio City Hall construction
violates law on national cultural heritage
sites". BusinessMirror. Retrieved  2019-07-20.
46. ^ Fontanilla, Giovani Joy (2015-04-16).  "Baguio City Hall gets
facelift".  SunStar. Retrieved  2019-07-20.
47. ^ Share; Twitter.  "Renovated Baguio City Hall park to reflect
UNESCO creative status". Philippine News Agency.
Retrieved 2019-07-20.
48. ^ Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Cordillera
Administrative Region (CAR)". Total Population by Province,
City, Municipality and Barangay.  NSO. Retrieved  29
June2016.
49. ^ Censuses of Population (1903–2007).  "Cordillera
Administrative Region (CAR)". Table 1. Population
Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly
Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007.  NSO.
50. ^ "Province of Benguet". Municipality Population Data.  Local
Water Utilities AdministrationResearch Division. Retrieved 17
December 2016.
51. ^ Jump up to:a b Llanes, Jonathan (2018-05-30).  "Baguio's crime
solution ranks highest nationwide".  SunStar. Retrieved  2019-
07-19.
52. ^ Llanes, Jonathan (2018-07-30).  "Baguio awarded best city
police station in PH". SunStar. Retrieved 2019-07-19.
53. ^ Share; Twitter.  "La Trinidad, Baguio police stations cited
among PH's best".  Philippine News Agency. Retrieved  2019-
07-19.
54. ^ "About Baguio City | City Government of
Baguio".  www.baguio.gov.ph. Retrieved  2019-07-19.
55. ^ "How small malls compete with big malls". Philippine Daily
Inquirer. Retrieved 28 August2016.
56. ^ Jump up to:a b Sinumlag, Alma B. (28 November 2010). "LT folk
clarifies Baguio cut flowers origin". Northern Dispatch
Weekly. Retrieved  29 February  2016. The spokesperson of
this town’s Municipal Agricultural and Fishery Council (MAPC)
and chairperson of the Barangay Agricultural and Fishery
Council (BAPC) in Lubas, La Trinidad clarified that cut flowers
do not really originate in Baguio. Christina Tiongan in an
interview on 24 November lamented that tourists always
associate Baguio with cut flowers and other products like
temperate vegetables that do not really originate in the city.
“We are the ones producing those products but there had
been no efforts from the city to correct tourists' perception”,
she said.
57. ^ Lapniten, Karl (24 February 2016). "Strawberries hit bottom
prices in Baguio".  CNN Philippines. Retrieved 29
February  2016. The capital town of Benguet, La Trinidad
supplies most of the strawberries sold at the Baguio Public
Market. Much of the produce also comes from small
strawberry farms in the outskirts of Baguio and in nearby
municipalities of Benguet.
58. ^ "Baguio offers investors new profit opportunities".  Philippine
Daily Inquirer. Retrieved  28 August 2016.
59. ^ "Business booms in Baguio City as 18th Ad Congress
draws near". The Philippine Star. Retrieved  28 August 2016.
60. ^ Cahiles-Magkilat, Bernie (13 February 2007).  "Baguio
export zone to get P6.7 B in new investments".  Manila
Bulletin. Archived from the original  on 28 July 2012.
Retrieved 27 February 2013.
61. ^ "Baguio is Philippines' first UNESCO 'creative city'". CNN
Philippines. Retrieved  2018-10-03.
62. ^ "Baguio hailed as a UNESCO 'creative city'".  ABS-CBN
News. 1 November 2017. Retrieved  15 November  2017.
63. ^ Cabreza, Vincent (26 January 2008).  "Cordillera tribes
realize why they should not fear tourism". Philippine Daily
Inquirer. Archived from  the original on 2 October 2008.
Retrieved 2 February 2008.
64. ^ "REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6710 - AN ACT DECLARING
SEPTEMBER 1 OF EACH YEAR AS BAGUIO CHARTER
DAY AND A SPECIAL NON-WORKING HOLIDAY IN THE
CITY OF BAGUIO IN ORDER TO COMMEMORATE THE
ANNIVERSARY OF THE SAID CITY". www.chanrobles.com.
Retrieved 2019-07-19.
65. ^ "--- Statistics: Tourism Special Tables ---". nscb.gov.ph.
66. ^ "Complete list of Baguio Hotels". philippines-travel-
guide.com.
67. ^ "Best Destinations in Asia – Travelers' Choice Awards –
TripAdvisor". tripadvisor.com.
68. ^ "City Councilors | City Government of
Baguio".  www.baguio.gov.ph. Retrieved  2019-07-18.
69. ^ "Halalan 2019 Philippine Election Results". ABS-CBN
News. Retrieved  2019-07-18.
70. ^ "Lawana is new ABC
President". www.mauriciodomogan.com. Retrieved 2019-07-
18.
71. ^ "Protest versus elected SK president junked – HERALD
EXPRESS | News in Cordillera and Northern Luzon".
Retrieved 2019-07-18.
72. ^ "Baguio City}". Department of the Interior and Local
Government, Cordillera Administrative Region. Retrieved  17
June  2018.
73. ^ See, Dexter A.  "Merger of city's 130 barangays pressed".
Official website of the City Government of Baguio.
Retrieved 28 September  2018.
74. ^ "Special body formed for barangay merger". SunStar. 8 Mar
2017. Retrieved  28 September 2018.
75. ^ Cruz, Maria Aprila W.  "More dialogues on merger of
barangay pressed". Baguio Midland Courier. Retrieved 28
September  2018.
76. ^ "Balweg's old house to become executive secretary's
Baguio cottage".  Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved  2019-07-
19.
77. ^ Buan, Lian. "Why Supreme Court justices go to Baguio
every April".  Rappler. Retrieved 2019-07-19.
78. ^ "DepEd Baguio gears up for 2016 CARAA meet |
Department of Education". Retrieved 2019-07-18.
79. ^ Jump up to:a b "CARAA Meet 2019 | Games of the
Cordillerans".  www.caraa.ph. Retrieved  2019-07-18.
80. ^ Osis, Roderick (2019-02-26).  "Baguio starts retention bid in
Caraa".  SunStar. Retrieved  2019-07-18.
81. ^http://caraa.ph/sites/default/files/images/2014%20CARAA
%20Game%20Results%20.jpg
82. ^https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1r_dymj7M2SnYQy
cTqW4P_oVPuKvJwuSuo3B7_XkKd8o/edit#gid=292289453
83. ^ "Team Baguio reigns supreme in CARAA | Department of
Education". Retrieved  2019-07-18.
84. ^ "2017 Summary of CARAA Game Results".  Google Docs.
Retrieved 2019-07-18.
85. ^ "CARAA 2018".  Province of Abra. Retrieved 2019-07-18.
86. ^ Jump up to:    Cabreza, Vincent (16 May 2012). "Fighting for
a b

century-old Kennon Road". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Inquirer

Northern Luzon. Retrieved 29 February 2016.  The colonial
government decided then that constructing the Benguet Road
(Kennon Road’s original name) would provide the Americans
a short route up the Benguet mountains. ... When Baguio was
devastated by the July 16, 1990 earthquake, then Public
Works Secretary Gregorio Vigilar decided to permanently
close the damaged Kennon Road, said Cosalan. The
government discovered 471 “disaster spots” along the route,
which the Mines and Geosciences Bureau attributed to the
fragility of the rock base, the abandoned mining operations
near the road and the natural ground fractures that were
undetectable in the 1900s.
87. ^ "Republic Act No. 8971; An Act Naming the Agoo-Tubao-
Pugo Section of the Agoo-Baguio Road, the Jose D. Aspiras
Highway, and the Benguet-Baguio City Section of the Same
Road, the Ben Palispis Highway".  Chan Robles Virtual Law
Library. 31 October 2000. Retrieved 29 February 2016.
88. ^ Jump up to:a b Jimenez, RC (8 Jul 2018). "Asin-Tubao Road
opens to ease Marcos Highway traffic". Baguio Midland
Courier. Retrieved  2 November  2018.
89. ^ Dilim, Joanne Namnama P. (31 Dec 2017). "DPWH-1
makes travel faster from La Union to CAR". Philippine
Information Agency. Archived from the original  on 29 Oct
2018. Retrieved  2 November  2018.
90. ^ Dennis Jr., Dionisio (16 Aug 2018). "Buses also diverted to
Naguilian Road in Cordillera".  Philippine News
Agency. Philippine News Agency. Retrieved 2
November2018.
91. ^ Lalu, Gabriel Pabico (15 Sep 2018). "Villar: Two roads to
Baguio closed".  Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved  2
November 2018.  Motorists going to Baguio can only use
Naguilian Road as both Marcos Highway and Kennon Road
are closed due to landslides ...
92. ^ Lagasca, Charlie (14 March 2006).  "Vizcaya-Benguet road
completed this year".  The Philippine Star. Retrieved 29
February  2016. BAYOMBONG, Nueva Vizcaya – Novo
Vizcayanos can now look forward to reaching the country's
summer capital in a few hours as the shortest route linking
this landlocked province to the mountain city is expected to
be completed by the end of this year. ... The new route will
traverse the mountain highway from Aritao, Nueva Vizcaya to
Baguio via the vegetable-rich upland town of Kayapa and the
majestic Ambuklao Dam in Bokod, Benguet.
93. ^ Caluza, Desiree (26 May 2014). "Mountain Trail leads to
culture, nature hubs".  Philippine Daily Inquirer. Inquirer
Northern Luzon. Retrieved 29 February 2016.  BAGUIO
 CITY, Philippines—Travelers who often frequent the 165-
kilometer Mountain Trail may have gotten so used to the view
along the scenic route that they often doze off all throughout
the trip along this highway linking the provinces of Benguet,
Mountain Province and Ifugao in the Cordillera. ... While the
road length stretches to only a little more than 100 kilometres
(62 miles) from La Trinidad town in Benguet to the Mountain
Province capital of Bontoc, those raring for adventure and
new sights should be prepared to spend six hours on the
road.
94. ^ "Government finalizing cable car plan".  Manila Standard.
Retrieved 2019-07-18.
95. ^ "French government gives P25-million for metro cable car
study". Manila Standard. Retrieved 2019-07-18.
96. ^ Dumlao-Abadilla, Doris.  "Baguio monorail also on SSS'
shopping list". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 2019-07-
18.
97. ^ Catajan, Maria Elena (2019-03-27). "P80-M Baguio Water
District building opens". SunStar. Retrieved 2019-07-19.
98. ^ Jump up to:a b Share; Twitter.  "Water district worried on
depletion of city's water supply".  Philippine News Agency.
Retrieved 2019-07-19.
99. ^ "Baguio Midland Courier
Website". www.baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph.
Retrieved 2019-07-19.
100. ^ "Baguio Midland Courier
Website". baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph. Retrieved  2019-07-
19.
101. ^ "3 groups eying Scout Barrio hospital". SunStar. 2019-
02-19. Retrieved 2019-07-20.
102. ^ Catajan, Maria Elena (2019-01-21). "Opposition mounts
against proposed hospital".  SunStar. Retrieved  2019-07-20.
103. ^ Catajan, Maria Elena (2019-03-12). "Scout Barrio
hospital project shelved".  SunStar. Retrieved  2019-07-20.
104. ^ "The Electives Network: Baguio General Hospital and
Medical Centre".  www.electives.net. Retrieved  2019-07-20.
105. ^ "City Health Services Office | City Government of
Baguio".  www.baguio.gov.ph. Retrieved  2019-07-20.
106. ^ "Baguio Midland Courier
Website". www.baguiomidlandcourier.com.ph.
Retrieved 2019-02-14.
107. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Dacuag, Pearl
A. (6 Sep 2009).  "20 sister cities pledge to fortify ties with
Baguio".  Baguio Midland Courier. Retrieved 13
October  2018.
108. ^ "Marvil: Baguio and Candon City Sign Sisterhood
MOU".  SunStar.
109. ^ "Honolulu Data: Sister Cities"  (official website). Honolulu:
City and County of Honolulu. 2013. Retrieved August
28,  2016.
110. ^ See, Dexter A. (2014-10-24).  "Twinning ties for Baguio
and Nazareth". The Standard. Archived from the original  on
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