B.

Solve the following quadratic equations by using the formula: –b ± b2 – 4ac

Selesaikan persamaan kuadratik berikut dengan menggunakan rumus: x= LS2.1.1 PL1
2a

5x2 – 7x – 10 = 0
Identify the values of a, b and c first.
a = 5, b = –7, c = –10 Kenal pasti nilai-nilai a, b dan c dahulu.

–(–7) ± (–7)2 – 4(5)(–10) Be aware of the negative sign (–). For example, b2 is (–7)2 instead of –72.
x= Berhati-hati dengan tanda negatif (–). Misalnya, b2 ialah (–7)2 dan bukannya –72.
2(5)
7 ± 249
=
10
Use a calculator to get this value.
= 2.2780 or/atau –0.8780 Guna kalkulator untuk mendapat nilai ini.

1. x2 + 9x + 4 = 0 2. 3x2 – 11x + 6 = 0
a = 1, b = 9, c = 4 a = 3, b = –11, c = 6
–9 ± 92 – 4(1)(4) –(–11) ± (–11)2 – 4(3)(6)
x= x=
2(1) 2(3)
–9 ± 65 11 ± 49
= =
2 6
= –0.4689 or/atau –8.5311 2
= 3 or/atau
3

3. –2x2 + x + 5 = 0 4. x(6x – 1) = 7x + 13
a = –2, b = 1, c = 5 6x2 – 8x – 13 = 0
a = 6, b = –8, c = –13
–1 ± 12 – 4(–2)(5)
x=
2(–2) –(–8) ± (–8)2 – 4(6)(–13)
x=
–1 ± 41 2(6)
=
–4 8 ± 376
=
= –1.3508 or/atau 1.8508 12
= 2.2826 or/atau –0.9492

NOTES
If α and β are the roots of quadratic equation, then the quadratic equation is x2 – (α + β)x + αβ = 0, where α + β is the sum of roots
(SOR) and αβ is the product of roots (POR).
Jika α dan β ialah punca-punca persamaan kuadratik, maka persamaan kuadratik ialah x2 – (α + β)x + αβ = 0, dengan keadaan α + β ialah
hasil tambah punca (HTP) dan αβ ialah hasil darab punca (HDP).

C. Form a quadratic equation from the given roots, α and β.

Bentukkan persamaan kuadratik daripada punca-punca, α dan β, yang diberi. LS2.1.2 PL2

α = –4, β = 9

Method 1/Kaedah 1: (x – α)(x – β) = 0 Method 2/Kaedah 2: x2 – (α + β)x + αβ = 0

[x – (–4)](x – 9) = 0 Watch out for the α + β = –4 + 9 x2 – (α + β)x + αβ = 0
(x + 4)(x – 9) = 0 negative sign. =5 x2 – (5)x + (–36) = 0
Berhati-hati dengan
2
x – 9x + 4x – 36 = 0 tanda negatif. αβ = (–4)(9) x2 – 5x – 36 = 0
x2 – 5x – 36 = 0 = –36

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 1. α = 2, β = 7 2. α = –6, β = 1

α+β=2+7 αβ = (2)(7) α + β = –6 + 1 αβ = (–6)(1)

=9 = 14 = –5 = –6
x2 – (α + β)x + αβ = 0 x2 – (α + β)x + αβ = 0
x2 – 9x + 14 = 0 x2 – (–5)x + (–6) = 0
x2 + 5x – 6 = 0

3. α = –3, β = –8 4. α = 4, β = – 2
5
α + β = –3 + (–8) αβ = (–3)(–8)
α + β = 4 + 冢– 冣 αβ = (4)冢– 冣
= –11 = 24 2 2
5 5
x2 – (α + β)x + αβ = 0 18 8
x2 – (–11)x + 24 = 0 = =–
5 5
x2 + 11x + 24 = 0
x2 – (α + β)x + αβ = 0
18
x2 – x + –
5
8
5
=0 冢 冣
2
5x – 18x – 8 = 0

D. Given α and β are the roots of the given quadratic equations. Find the value of each of the following
expressions.
Diberi α dan β ialah punca-punca bagi persamaan kuadratik yang diberi. Cari nilai bagi setiap ungkapan berikut. LS2.1.2 PL2

1. 4x2 + 12x – 1 = 0
2
5x + 3x + 10 = 0 NOTES
For/Bagi ax2 + bx + c = 0:
α + β = – ba
(a) α + β = – 12
(a) α + β = – 3 4
5 and/dan = –3
αβ = ca
(b) 4αβ = 4冢10冣 (b) αβ = – 1
5 4
=8

2. x2 – 9x + 2 = 0 3. –2x2 + x – 15 = 0
(a) 3α + 3β = 3(α + β) (a) 6α + 6β = 6(α + β)
冢 12 冣
= 3(9)
=6
= 27
=3
15
(b) 7αβ = 7(2)
(b) αβ =
2
= 14
5 5
3
=
2

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 E. Solve the following problems.
Selesaikan masalah yang berikut. LS2.1.2 PL3 PL4

1. Given –2 is one of the roots of the quadratic 2. The roots of the quadratic equation x2 + 2x + n
equation px2 – 3x + k = 8. Express p in terms = 0 are 5 and m + 1. Find the values of m
of k. and n.
Diberi –2 ialah satu daripada punca bagi persamaan Punca-punca bagi persamaan kuadratik x2 + 2x + n
kuadratik px2 – 3x + k = 8. Ungkapkan p dalam = 0 ialah 5 dan m + 1. Cari nilai m dan nilai n.
sebutan k.
p(–2)2 – 3(–2) + k = 8 5 + (m + 1) = –2
4p + 6 + k = 8 m + 6 = –2
4p = 2 – k m = –8

p= 2–k n = 5(m + 1)
4 = 5(–8 + 1)
= –35

3. Given α and β are the roots of the quadratic 4. Given α and β are the roots of the quadratic
equation x2 + 5x – 8 = 0. Form the quadratic equation 3x2 – 6x + 1 = 0. Form the quadratic
equation which has the roots α – 2 and β – 2.
Diberi α dan β ialah punca-punca bagi persamaan
equation which has the roots 12 and 1.
α β2
kuadratik x2 + 5x – 8 = 0. Bentukkan persamaan Diberi α dan β ialah punca-punca bagi persamaan
kuadratik yang mempunyai punca-punca α – 2 dan
β – 2. kuadratik 3x2 – 6x + 1 = 0. Bentukkan persamaan
1 1
kuadratik yang mempunyai punca-punca 2 dan 2 .
α β
α + β = –5 and/dan αβ = –8
1
α + β = 2 and/dan αβ =
(α – 2) + (β – 2) = α + β – 4 3
= –5 – 4 1 1 β2 + α2
2 + 2 = α2β2
= –9 α β
= (α + β) –2 2αβ
2
(α – 2)(β – 2) = αβ – 2α – 2β + 4
= αβ – 2(α + β) + 4 (αβ)
= –8 – 2(–5) + 4
=6 =
(2)2 – 2 3
1
冢 冣
The quadratic equation is
1 2
3 冢 冣
Persamaan kuadratik ialah = 30
x2 – (–9)x + 6 = 0
x2 + 9x + 6 = 0 1 1 1
冢 α2 冣冢 β2 冣 =
(αβ)2
= 12
1
3 冢 冣
=9
The quadratic equation is
Persamaan kuadratik ialah
x2 – 30x + 9 = 0.

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 F. Find the range of values of x for each of the following quadratic inequalities.
Cari julat nilai x bagi setiap ketaksamaan kuadratik berikut. LS2.1.3 PL3

x2 + 3x – 10 艌 0
x2 + 3x – 10 艌 0 Factorise to get the roots of x.
(x – 2)(x + 5) 艌 0 Faktorkan untuk mendapat punca-punca bagi x.

Let/Katakan f(x) = x2 + 3x – 10 = 0
(x – 2)(x + 5) = 0
Thus/Maka, x = 2 or/atau x = –5 The x-intercept of f(x)./Pintasan-x bagi f(x).

Method of graph sketching Method of number line

Kaedah lakaran graf Kaedah garis nombor
f (x) 艋 0 f (x) 艌 0
f (x) 艌 0
x
–5 2
f (x) = + –5 f (x) = – 2 f (x) = +

Method of table
Kaedah jadual

x 艋 –5 –5 艋 x 艋 2 x艌2
x–2 – – +
x+5 – + +
(x – 2)(x + 5) + – +
f(x) ⭓ 0 f(x) 艋 0 f(x) ⭓ 0

The range of values of x for x2 + 3x – 10 艌 0 is x 艋 –5 and x 艌 2.

Julat nilai x bagi x2 + 3x – 10 艌 0 ialah x 艋 –5 dan x 艌 2.

1. x2 + 8x + 12 艌 0 2. x2 – 10x + 21 艋 0

x2 + 8x + 12 艌 0 x2 – 10x + 21 艋 0
(x + 2)(x + 6) 艌 0 (x – 3)(x – 7) 艋 0
Let/Katakan f(x) = x2 + 8x + 12 = 0 Let/Katakan f(x) = x2 – 10x + 21 = 0
(x + 2)(x + 6) = 0 (x – 3)(x – 7) = 0
Thus/Maka, x = –2 or/atau x = –6 Thus/Maka, x = 3 or/atau x = 7

The range of values of x for x2 + 8x + 12 艌 0 is The range of values of x for x2 – 10x + 21 艋 0 is

x 艋 –6 and x 艌 –2. 3 艋 x 艋 7.
Julat nilai x bagi x2 + 8x + 12 艌 0 ialah x 艋 –6 dan Julat nilai x bagi x2 – 10x + 21 艋 0 ialah 3 艋 x 艋 7.
x 艌 –2.

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 3. 3x2 – 7x ⬍ 20 4. (1 – 2x)(x + 7) ⬍ 3 – 6x

3x2 – 7x ⬍ 20 (1 – 2x)(x + 7) ⬍ 3 – 6x
3x – 7x – 20 ⬍ 0
2 x + 7 – 2x2 – 14x ⬍ 3 – 6x
(3x + 5)(x – 4) ⬍ 0 –2x2 – 7x + 4 ⬍ 0
2x2 + 7x – 4 ⬎ 0
Let/Katakan f(x) = 3x2 – 7x – 20 = 0
(2x – 1)(x + 4) ⬎ 0

Digital Resourse
(3x + 5)(x – 4) = 0
Let/Katakan f(x) = 2x2 + 7x – 4 = 0
5 (2x – 1)(x + 4) = 0
Thus/Maka, x = – or/atau x = 4
3
1
Thus/Maka, x = or/atau x = –4
2

The range of values of x for 3x2 – 7x ⬍ 20 is

5
– ⬍ x ⬍ 4. The range of values of x for (1 – 2x)(x + 7) ⬍ 3 – 6x
3
1
5 is x ⬍ –4 and x ⬎ .
Julat nilai x bagi 3x2 – 7x ⬍ 20 ialah – ⬍ x ⬍ 4. 2
3
Julat nilai x bagi (1 – 2x)(x + 7) ⬍ 3 – 6x ialah
1
x ⬍ –4 dan x ⬎ .
2

PBD 2.2 Types of Roots of Quadratic Equations Textbook: pp. 45 – 48

Jenis-jenis Punca Persamaan Kuadratik
NOTES
Discriminant
Pembezalayan
b2 – 4ac ⬎ 0 b2 – 4ac = 0 b2 – 4ac ⬍ 0

Type of roots Two real and different roots Two real and equal roots or only one root No real roots
Jenis punca Dua punca nyata dan berbeza Dua punca nyata yang sama atau satu punca sahaja Tiada punca nyata

A. Determine the type of roots of each of the following quadratic equations.

Tentukan jenis punca bagi setiap persamaan kuadratik berikut. LS2.2.1 PL2

(a) 3x2 + 8x + 2 = 0 (b) –x2 + 10x – 25 = 0 (c) x2 – 3x + 7 = 0

a = 3, b = 8, c = 2 a = –1, b = 10, c = –25 a = 1, b = –3, c = 7

b2 – 4ac = 82 – 4(3)(2) b2 – 4ac = 102 – 4(–1)(–25) b2 – 4ac = (–3)2 – 4(1)(7)
= 64 – 24 = 100 – 100 = 9 – 28
= 40 ⬎ 0 =0 = –19 ⬍ 0
2 2 2
Thus, 3x + 8x + 2 = 0 has Thus, –x + 10x – 25 = 0 has Thus, x – 3x + 7 = 0 has no
two real and different roots. two real and equal roots. real roots.
Maka, 3x2 + 8x + 2 = 0 mempunyai Maka, –x2 + 10x – 25 = 0 Maka, x2 – 3x + 7 = 0 tidak
dua punca nyata dan berbeza. mempunyai dua punca nyata mempunyai punca nyata.
yang sama.

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