ITAI 1201 –Quiz 1Lately there have been more and more smart machines that

have been taking over regular human tasks but as it grows the bigger picture is
that robots will take over many pf tasks now done by people. Nevertheless, many
people think that there are important ethical and moral issues that have to be
dealt with this.
Robotics: It is a primary domain in artificial intelligence that deals with the study
of creating intelligent and efficient robots.
Aim: Robots are aimed at manipulating the objects by perceiving, picking, moving,
modifying the physical properties of an object, destroying it, have an effect
thereby freeing workforce from doing repetitive functions without getting bored,
distracted, or exhausted.
How are robots used in everyday life? They are used routinely to carry out many
tasks that people do not want to do because such jobs are dull, dirty or
dangerous. Robots can also be programmed to carry out some tasks that are too
complex for humans.
What is Robotics?
Robotics is a branch of AI, which is composed of Electrical Engineering, and
Computer Science for designing, construction, and application of robots.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science. It involves developing
computer programs to complete tasks that would otherwise require human
intelligence.AI is used in many ways within the modern world. For example, I
algorithms are used in Google searches, Amazon’s recommendation engineman
GPS route finders. Most AI programs are not used to control the robot. Even
when AI used to control robots, the Al algorithm is only part of the more
extensive robotic system, which also includes sensors actuators and non-AI
programming.
Artificially intelligent robots are the bridge between robotics and AI. These are
robots that are controlled by AI programs. Most robots are nor artificially
intelligent. Up until quite recently, all industrial robots could only be programmed
to carry out a repetitive series of movements which do not require artificial

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intelligence. However, non-intelligent robots are quite limited in their
functionality.
System Architecture:
Hardware –Lego Mindstorms NXT
This is a programmable robotic kit designed by Lego (see fig.1). It is composed by
a brick-shaped computer, named NXT brick, containing a 32 –bits microprocessor,
flash and RAM, a 4 MHz 8 –bit microcontroller and a 100x64 LCD monitor.

Figure 1.Lego NXT brick and some of its sensor and servo-motors. Fig.2.Our robot

Software –Music analysis and Robot Control

The designed software application is composed of two district module, Music
Analysis and Robot Control. That communicate with each other, via TCP sockets
(see figure 3). The Music Analysis uses a rhythm perception algorithm based on
Maryssa to detect rhythmic events. These events are then sent in real-time to the
Robot Control module which remotely controls the robot via Bluetooth.

Figure 3: System Architecture

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This pictures also presents an interface that grants user-robot interaction through
a control panel, which achieves Bluetooth connection with both NXT bricks for
any montage design, and a dance creation menu, which allows the user to
dynamically define the robot choreography through dance movement in reaction
to the cross-modulation of rhythmic and sensorial events, saving each dance in a
proper.xml file(see fig.4 a)& b).

Figure 4 Application interface a) Robot Control Panel b) Dance Creation.

Role of Mechanical Engineer in the field of Robotics:

Mechanical engineers play a large part in assisting the robotics industry as it
progresses and expand—mechanical engineer design the robot’s structure joint,
mechanism, bearings, heat transfer characteristics, Etc. While most engineer
professions have average job growth, robotics engineers tend to be in high
demand, especially if they have multidisciplinary skills. Once employed as a
mechanical robotics engineer, responsibilities include working in a wide range of
industries to maintain or invent robotics systems. The engineer will work with

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CAD and drafting software to design and manufacture specifications for robotics
systems. They will program robots to perform tasks and fine-tune designs.
Evolutionary Robotics: is a promising methodology, intended for the autonomous
development of robots, in which their behaviours are obtained as a consequence
of the structural coupling between robot and environment, there must be a
significant amount of interaction to generate problematic behaviours. Thus,
nowadays, it is common to use Simulation to speed up the learning process;
however, simulations are achieved from arbitrary off-line designs, rather than
from the result of embodied cognitive processes. According to the reality gap
problem, controllers evolved in Simulation usually do not allow the same
behaviour to arise once transferred to the real robot.

Robotics Technologies:
Professionals in robotics technologies blend computer science with electrical and
mechanical engineering to create automated intelligent machines. Robots are a
sophisticated, intelligent system used to assist pilots and manoeuvre spacecraft
without direct human intervention. They are also the commonplace automated
systems that fill our factories and everyday lives. Robotics technology is a diverse
field with many different opportunities for education and employment.
The game industry is continuously evolving, and consumer interest is focused on
the latest and hottest trends in it, to keep the brand perception clear, RoboSoccer
turned to the modern tabletop game encouraging players to explore a new way of
soccer game connecting robot experiencing with a regular tabletop game. In such
a crowded category, including computer games, tabletop games and console
games are essential to make the innovative game and one of a kind. This way
RoboSoccer overcomes common barriers of classic tabletop games.
Robot Soccer Game: Robot Soccer Challenge is a football game in which robots on
remote control stand each other. Game is inspired by robotic football and robot
wars show. The central concept of this game is
To promote robotics in everyday life.
A soccer robot is one kind of mobile or autonomous robot,

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It is used to play soccer with variants. Every year many tournaments are
organized like FIRA, Robocop. At present, and the Robocop contest has various
leagues like Simulation, small size, middle size, Four-legged and humanoid.

Seven latest innovation in Robotics:

 Google's worker's robots. Google is planning to produce worker robots with
personalities.
 Multi-tasking bots. Momentum Machines developed a multi-tasking bot
capable of preparing a gourmet hamburger in as 10 seconds.
 UR3 arm,
 Saul Robot
 ASUS Zenon
 Paro
 Pepper
Autonomous Robot Vehicles: These are vehicles capable of intelligent motion
and action without requiring either a guide or teleoperator control. The recent
surge in this subject will grow even further as their potential applications
increase. Autonomous vehicles are currently being studied for use as
reconnaissance /exploratory vehicles for planetary exploration, undersea, land air
environments, remote repair and maintenance, material handling systems for
offices and factories.
Robot Rescue: A player’s goals are to free robots trapped
in an evil computer labyrinth, Missions are full of deadly
traps were making the game more and more difficult with each level. The
objective is to guide robots to the exit through 45 labyrinths avoiding traps and
obstacles such as smiles, cloning machines and more. All robots are linked
together, so when the player steers one of them, all are moved. Rash moves
can destroy one of the robots and restart the mission.

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Automation and Robotics Engineering: Robotics is a field of engineering that
deals with the design and application of robots and the use of the computer of
their manipulation and processing.
Robots are used in industries for speeding
up the manufacturing process.
They are also used in the field of nuclear science,
Sea-exploration, servicing of electric transmission signals, designing of
biomedical equipment etc. Robotics requires the application of computer
integrated manufacturing, mechanical engineering, biological mechanics,
software engineering. One of the best ways to learn about robotics is to take
part in robotics by GGI every year. Students from various engineering college
and high can take part in this technical festival. Surveys conducted by the
government and private agencies reveal that robot enhances the job quality,
productivity, profitability for those who work in a hazardous environment. The
use of robots creates jobs, and people who are working can be rehabilitated in
different areas through training. Even, robots require maintenance,
programming and design change.
Multidisciplinary aspects of robotics: The mechanical structure of a robot is
only the “visible part of the iceberg”. Robotics is an essentially
multidisciplinary field in which engineers from various horizons such as
electrical engineering, electronics and computer science play equally
important roles. Therefore it is fundamental for the mechanical engineer who
specializes in robotics to learn to dialogue with them by getting as a sufficient
level of understanding in this discipline.
Planning and Controlling in Robotics: Planning and decision making are critical
components of autonomy in robotic systems. These components are
responsible for making a decision that ranges from path planning and motion
to coverage and task planning to take actions that help robots understand the
world around them better.
Automated planning and scheduling, sometimes denoted as only AI planning,
is a branch of artificial intelligence that concerns the realization of strategies or
actions sequences, typically for execution by intelligent agents, autonomous
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 robots and unscrewed vehicles. Unlike classical control; and classification
problems, the solutions are complex and must be discovered and optimized in
multidimensional space. Planning is also related to decision theory.

References:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rescue_Robot_League

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/artificial_intelligence/artificial_intelligence_robo
tics.htm
https://www.robots.com/articles/mechanical-engineering-for-robots
Murphy, R.: Activities of rescue robots at the world trade Centre from 11–21
September 2001. IEEE Robot. Autom. Mag. 11(3), 50–61 (2004)
Guizot, E.: Japan earthquake: Robots help search for survivors. IEEE Spectrum
(2011). URL http://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/industrial-
robots/japan-eart
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921889096000784hqua
ke-robots-help-search-for-survivors
http://ai.stanford.edu/manips/publications/pdfs/Khatib_1997_JRAS.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_planning_and_scheduling