A2 Level Trigonometry Revision

 Three further trig ratios

1 1 1
sec x  , cosec x  , cot x 
cos x sin x tan x

 Graphs Deduce from those of cos, sin and tan

Example y  sec x

y  cos x
1

 32   2 0 
2
 3
2
2
-1

cos x
 Identities cot x  , sec 2 x  1  tan 2 x, cosec 2 x  1  cot 2 x
sin x
Example
Solve the equation tan 2   11  sec for       answers correct to 2 decimal
places.

tan 2   11  sec
 sec 2   1  11  sec
 sec 2   sec  12  0
 sec  4sec  3  0

 sec  4 ,3
1 1
 cos   , 
4 3 S A S A
  1.32,  1.91 PV = 1.91 PV = 1.32

T C T C
 Derivatives
d
sec x   d cos x 1  1cos x 2   sin x 
dx dx
sin x sin x 1
 2
 .  tan x sec x
cos x cos x cos x
d
cosec x    cot x cosec x
dx 
Similarly  Do them!
d
cot x    cosec 2 x 

dx

 Inverse trig functions are defined here formally as one to one mappings
Graphs
(i) f ( x)  sin 1 x has domain  1  x  1
y

2

 
Range   y
-1 0 1 x 2 2


 2

(ii) f ( x)  cos 1 x has domain  1  x  1

y



2 Range 0  y 

-1 0 1 x
(iii) f ( x)  tan 1 x has domain x  
y

2

y   2 are
 
horizontal Range   y
asymptotes 0 x 2 2


 2

Any values of x which are fed into these functions will give output values corresponding to
those from your calculator. They are called principal values.

 Derivatives
Let y  sin 1 x

 sin y  x
dx
 cos y 
dy dy
 1
dx dx
dy 1
  dy
dx cos y
dy 1
 
dx 1  sin 2 y

dy 1

dx 1 x2

d
cos 1 x   
1 

dx 1 x2 
Similarly  Do them!
d
tan x   2 
1 1
dx 1 x 

 Compound angle formulae

sin A  B  sin A cos B  cos A sin B

sin A  B  sin A cos B  cos A sin B

cos A  B  cos A cos B  sin A sin B

cos A  B  cos A cos B  sin A sin B
 tan A  tan B
tan( A  B) 
1  tan A tan B
tan A  tan B
tan( A  B) 
1  tan A tan B

Example Solve the equation 2 sin 2 cos  2 cos 2 sin   1 for 0    

2 sin 2 cos   2 cos 2 sin   1
1
sin 2 cos   cos 2 sin  
2
1
sin 3  0  3  3
2
 5 13 17
 3  , , ,
6 6 6 6 S A
 5 13 17 PV = 
  , , , 6
18 18 18 18 T C

Example Given A  B  135 and tan A  3 find without using a calculator the value of
tan B
tan A  tan B
tan A  B  
1  tan A tan B
3t
 1  where t  tan B .
1  3t
 1  3t  3  t
2t  4
t2
 tan B  2

 Double angle formulae

sin 2  2 sin  cos cos 2  cos 2   sin 2 

 1  2 sin 2 
 2 cos 2   1
2 tan
tan 2 
1  tan 2 
important rearrangements
sin 2   1  cos 2 
1
2

cos 2   12 1  cos 2 

[see the article on integration]


Example Find the value of tan 22 12 without using a calculator.

2 tan
Let 2  45    22 12 tan 2 


1  tan 2 
2t
1
1 t2
 1  t 2  2t  t 2  2t  1  0

2 8
 t  1  2  tan 22 12  2  1
2

Example Solve the equation cos 2  sin  for 0    360

cos 2  sin   1  2 sin 2   sin 
2 sin 2   sin   1  0
2 sin   1sin   1  0
S A
 sin   12 ,  1

  30  , 150  , 270  T C

 R/ Methods where a and b are positive constants there are values of
the positive R and the acute angle  for which

a sin   b cos   R sin    

a cos   b sin   R cos    
a sin   b cos   R sin    
a cos   b sin   R cos    

Example Express cos   3 sin  in the form R cos   

Identity method cos   3 sin   R cos   
 R cos  cos   R sin  sin 
 R cos   cos   R sin  sin 

cos   1  R cos   R sin  3

   tan   3
sin   3  R sin   R cos  1
  60 

R 2 cos 2   R 2 sin 2   1  3
R 2 cos 2   sin 2    4
 R2  4 R2

 cos   3 sin   2 cos  60

Example Express 3 sin x  4 cos x in the form Rsin x   

 5
Alternative method 3 sin x  4 cos x 3
 3 4
 5sin x   cos x   4
 5 5
 5sin x cos   cos x sin  
 5 sin x    tan   4
Where 3

 
3 sin x  4 cos x  5 sin x  53.13... 

Example Solve the equation 3 sin   cos  2 for 0    360

Answers to the nearest degree.

LHS  3 sin   cos   R sin     Using the identity

 R sin  cos   R cos  sin  method you will

 R cos  sin   R sin   cos 

find that

1
tan   R2  1 9
 3
R  10
  18.43

 3 sin   cos  2 for 0    360

 10 sin  18.43  2 for 18.43    18.43  378.43

sin   18.43 
2

10 S A
PV=39.23
  18.43  39.23 , 140.76 ,
 

T C
  21 , 122