THE EGYPT EXPLORATION SOCIETY

OCCASIONAL PUBLICATIONS NUMBER 9

EDITED BY ALANB. LLOYD

A SURVEY OF
THE ANCIENT CITY OF EL-'AMARNA

BARRYJ. KEMP and SAIVATORE GARFI

THE EGYPT EXPLORATION SOCIETY

.wC1N
3 DOUGHTY MEWS, LONDON 2PG
 FACULTY Ci C:<;i;11

Copies available &om the ofices of

THE EGYPT EXPLORATION SOCIETY
DOUGHTY ME\VS, LONDON'W'C1N 2PG

@ EgYPt ExPloration SocietY, 1993

Textset by Dataserve Associates, Milton Keynes

Printed in Great Britain by BAS Printers, Over'Wailop
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BRITISH LIBRARY CATALOGUING IN PT]BLICATION DATA

A survey of the ciry of El-Amarna. - (Occasional publications

(Egypt Exploration Sociery), ISSN 0265-4261' v' 9)

1 Akhetaten (Ancient city). 2. Egypt -

Antiquities
I Title II. Egypt Exploration Sociery
III. Series

932 DT73.A/
ISBN 0 85698 r222

provided b1- the

The completion of the survey maps was made possible by additional funding generously
Many essendai
Robert Kiln Trust, the late George Brown of Bixby, Oklahoma, and by the British Academy'
facilities were Provided by the lJniversity of Cambridge'
 CONTENTS

Preface 6

Introduction 7

Lrst of abbreviations used in the main text 8

List of illustrations 9

1. Surveys of Amarna, past and presen 10

Earlv surveys: Jomard, Wilkinson, Lepsius 10
Timme's survey of 1911-11, and the establishment of the 200-metre grid 19
The Egypt Exploretion Society at Arnarna 1921-36, ald other sur-veys 20
Progress ofthe present survey ))
?. Technical notes on the present survey 25
The format of the sr,rrwcy shccts 25
The 200-metre grid 26
The building plans 27
Sheet 1: the North Ciry 27
She et 2: the Clreat l{amp and North Palace 28
Sheet 3: the North Subr-rrb 28
Sheets 4 and 5: the Great Aten Temple and Central City 28
Sheets 6 and 7: the Main City 30
Sheet 8: thc South Suburb 34
The basc line 31
Contours and spot heights 31
IJse of aerial photographs 35
The edge of cultivation 36
Labelling buildings and zones of the city 36

3. The map sheets reviewed 39

Sheer I : the Norrh City 39
Sheec 2: the Great Ramp and North Palace 44
Sheec 3: the Nortl-r Suburb 46
Sheet ,1: the Great Aten Temple 50
Sheet 5: Central City 57
Sheet 6: Marn City North 65
Provisioning compounds 67
Sheet 7: Main City South 70
Sheet 8: the South Suburb 73
Concluding rcrnarks 76

Appendix 1. Levels of the electricity-pylon bases on the base linc. u0

Appendix 2. Idcntifications of the numbered buildings of Petrie (1891). 80

Appendix 3. New numbers given to parts of Pendlebury's excavations within

Central City. fl1

4. The index of buildings 82

References 111
 PREFACE

For those whose first encounter with

that it represcnts the remains of a r
Eighteenth Dynasry to selve as a new
powers ofthe sun, the Aten. After his
of benn''een fi.fteen and twenty years'
beneath modern fields, a substantial portion of th
a minous condition. The site thus serves several
i
and the study of the Amarna Period itself, elusive thoush thi' r'
of domestic life and economy,
Amarna Penod
The background literature to the trmes of Akhenaten - the -
publishedby G.T. Martin (1991)' Tu'o cu
canbe foliowed through rhe bibliography
avaiiable general treatients are AlJr.J (1988) and
Redford (1984). For accounts ol
of expeditions rvhich have rvoike I =i: :---=
of the ciry it is necessary to consult the excavation reports
site since 1892. The p.in.ip"l are Petrie (1894),
Borchardt and Ricke (1980)' Co-1 l-lll' an: -1R
the crtl- and irs arcracoic="'"
I-V. A companion tolo-i which provides a broader perspective on
The Ancient Clii'
including the resuits of recent ,.r."r.h, edited by I J.
:
Kemp and entitled
"i-1":"';
is in the course of PreParation'
Throughout the text occasional referenc
Nana. Indeed, in the concluding remarks
religious foundations at Amarna and that its locat
*., firr, laid out. It is a large enclosure containin -
ci.ty, too far away,unfort.Lately, to be included within
the coverage of themap '-:

The excavation ofKom el-Nana, by the

:1
is marked on the Key Sheet and on Fig. 10.
Sociefy, began only emains to be done' Short annual :-

and a major account is in preparation for R \-il'-1

published within the

The fieldwork on d was carried out over a penod of ser eral le-:rs "''l:-
Organisation' rvorking rhrough l:'
the permission and co-operation of the Egyptian Antiquities \\-: o-"
Permanent Committee in C"lro and the Vfiaht Egypt Inspectorate centred in El-Minia
an expression of gratitude to a great many of its
officers, and would like to single out especiaiir l-|]:
late Dr Ahmed r"df a.rd Dri Ali el-Khouli and
Ali Hassan, Motawe Balboush' Kamal Fahn""
Mahmoud Hamza,Ad.l Hrrr"r-r, and Mohamrned
Abd e!-Aztz Awad, the last the inspectol u'htr
accompanied Kemp on the long weary
journe
ovouldlike particularly to thank are Ian Matbie s

seasons, Gwilym Owen, who did a great d

the old aeriai photographs rvith the agreeme nt cI

d offi.ces of Veronica Kemp, and the libranan''
Oriental Studies, lJniversity of Cambndge' s-ho'e
facrlities over many years is much appreciare
j
indulgence in ailowing us to make rather free with the
that of retracing the paths taken br-
one of the satisfacions that the work has given us has been
on the task ofrecording all or Parts oithe cin-'
previous archaeologists and surveyors who have taken
and also ofdiscovering the loose ends that they
to receive i.nvitations to stay with Hilary Waddin
mission as our own, that of mapping the ancient
rve u,'ouLd like strll to pay tribute to his hosprtaii
predecessors by keeping safely his working mat
Salvatore Gar6, Pontrhr-dr groe s

Barq'KemP, Cambridge
August 1992
 INTRODUCTION

Abandoned cities and villages are precious relics of humaniry's heritage, providing, as they do, the
most comprehensive opportunity we have for re-creating and analysing the texture oflife in the past
across the social scale. Many are the ancient settlements or fragments of settlements
which lie buried
beneath covers ofsoil or the floors ofmodern streets and dwellings but are accessible to archaeology
onlr' acrossareas as limited as the available resources for digging. Far fewer are those which,
once
abandoned, were left quietly to decay untroubled by too much human inrervention or a destmctive
environment, and so retained a good part of their shape which, in time, became the landscape itself
and thus accessible directly to the discerning eye
The contrast in the accessibility and value of sites ofpast settlement is particularly marked in Egypt.
The confinement of much of the ancient and modern populations to the same densely settled and
intensively cultivated valley floor has destroyed or rendered inaccessible the remains of most
of the
places where men and women lived over the six millennia ofordered and settled existence
in the Nile
Valley. Just occasionally, and usually in special circumstances, over this long period of time
the
builders ofvillages and towns chose the desert edge for the site oftheir labours. In time many of their
creations failed, and, once abandoned, they fell prey to the effects of wind and sand which
simultaneously eroded and buried their buildings, preserving beneath rubble and sand in the
arid
environment the combination of artefacts and organic residues in whrch is contained a record of
rnestimable importance for reconstructing aspects of the lives of the vanished inhabitanLs.
81'the begrnning ofmodern times at least eight significant abandoned settlements from the pharaonic
era survived on the desert margins: Abu Ghalib, Kahun, Medinet el-Ghurab ('Gurob'), El-Amarna,
Abydos South, Deir el-Bailas, Deir el-Medina, and Malkata, as well as perhaps half a dozen small
examples attached to pyramids, and excluding more remote settlements at quarry and mining
sites,
and the fortresses and colonial towns in Nubia, the oases, and Sinai. The eight belong to the
Middle
and New Kingdoms' Both were periods of vigorous administrative direction of resources
which
include d urban develoPment within its scope. Our very awareness oftheir importance, however,
has
greatly contributed to a destruction which has affected all of these sites to gr""t., or lesser extenr.
Looting for antiquities and premature or inadequate excavations, just as "
much as the modern
expansion of agriculture and of village life, have devastated Kahun, Medinet el-Ghurab, Abydos
South, and a good part of Deir el-Ballas. Amarna was always by far the largest ofthis group,and now,
with the loss ofso much at the others, and notwithstanding losses ofits own, its i-poit"n.. as a direct
statement on what it was like to live in ancient Egypt, as well as a resource for future research, is
incalculable. It is impossible to conceive how modern archaeology in Egypt can ever begrn, on
floodplain sites, to match the scale ofAmarna, which, for this reason, will remain a fundamental source
ofreference against which to compare or contrast the findings from the limited exposures that modem
archaeology is otherwise obliged to confine itself to.
The survey of the city that we now publish is intended, in the first instance, to make, in a more
complete and accessible form, this direct visual statement as to the physical character ofa major ancie nr
ciry, a statement to which the reader's own experience of living in a built environmentt should
respond with an immediacy that verbal commentary cannot match. Plans of buildings and of ranges
ofbuildings communicate as a symbolic language with a semiotic force and directness ofits own. The
survey also reveals the extent to which Amarna remains a resource for future research over the
substantial areas which, although partly turned over in the last cenrury, have yet to be investigated
scientifically, and finally it is hoped that the maps and the accompanying Index ofBuildings (Sectiol
4) will find use as a source of reference for the fuller utilisation of the excavated. record, a good part
of it still unpublished.
This short text volume is intended primarily as a technical commentary on the maps and not as an
introduction to or serious description of the site and its archaeology.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE MAIN TEXT

The tollorving abbreviations have been used throughout the main bodv of text and in rhe lisr oi
references at the end, although in the Index of Buildings (Secrion -1) it has becn thouqht rnorc
convenient ro rhe user to employ a sLightly different form of citation using additional abbreriariorr'-
n-hich are listed on pp. 82-3.

-t-1.J :,4 rch itec ttt aI A s s o ci a ti o n J o ur n al' Lo ndo n'

-{R;BJ.Kemp,andorhers, AmarnaReportsl-V(EgyptExplorati.onSociew,OccasionalPuhlicatrons
I. 2, 4-6). London 1984-1 989.
-iS,4E: Annales du Seruice des Antiquitts de I'Egypte. Cairo'
BSEG: Bttlletin. Socittt d'Egyptoloyie, Gendue Geneva'
C AJ : C amb ri dge Ar ch ac ol ogi al J o urn aI' C arnb ri d gc
c

COA: The City of Akhenaten 3 vols.

T.E. Peet and C.L. Woolley, The City of Akhenaten I. London 1923'
H. Frankfort andJ.D.S. Pendlebury, The city of Akhenaten II. London 1933.
ITI' London 1951'
J D.S Pendlcbury, The City of Akhenaten
CRIPEL: Cahier de recherches de l'Institut de Papyrologie et d'Egyptologie de Lille.Lllle'
Denk.: K.R. Lepsius, Denkmaelcr aus Aegypten und Aethiopien.Betltn 1849-59.
Denk. Text: As above. Berlin 1897-1913.
lLli: Illustrated London Ner.as, London.

JEA: Journal o;f Egyptian Archaeology. London.

MDOC: Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft zu Berlin,. Berlin.
,\,4RCEI I'Jewsletter of the American Researth Center in Egypt, New York'
RdE: Reuue d'Egyptolo,qie. Paris.
RT: N. de G. Davies, The rock tombs EI Amarna,I-VI. London 1903-08.
o;f

ZA S : Zcits chrift fiir iigyptis chen sp r ache und Altertum s kun d e . B erlin.
 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig. 1. Jomard's map of the city of Amarna made in 1798/9 (page 11).

Fig.2. Wilkinson's original pencil map of the Central Ciry (by kind permission of the Bodleian
Library, Oxford) (pages 12-13).

Fig. 3. Wilkinson's ongrnal pencil map of the ciry of Amarna (by kind perrnission of the
Bodleian Lrbrary, Oxford) (pages' 14-1 5).

Fig. 4. Map of the city of Amarna made by Erbkam for K.R. Lepsius (page 16).

Fig. 5. Aerial photograph of the area of the 1923-5 excavations around squares Q44, Q45, R44,
R45, the so-cal1ed East and West Sites (page 32).
Fig. 6. Sketch map of the northern part of Amarna made in the 1840s (page 40).

Fig. 7. Outline plan of the North City showing broad features discussed in the text (page 4I).

Fig. 8. Series of schematic sections along the sides of the stormwater ditch at Et-Tell (page 44).

Fig. 9. Sketch map of the North Suburbshowing the position of late Roman/early Christian
remains, the line of the modern stormwater ditch, and the locations of the schematic sections of
Fig. 8 (page 45).

Fig. 10. General map of the ciry showing how informal eastern tracks could have influenced the
layout of the residential areas, and showing the possible main axis of the ciry (page 48).

Fig. 11. Suggested functional divisions within the Great Aten Temple (page 51).

Fig. 12. Block plan showing the pnncipal administrative areas in the Central City and Main Ciry
(page 60).

Fig. 13. Aerial photograph of provisioning compounds in Main Ciry North, O43.1and .2, and
044.1. (page 64).

Fig. 14. Digitized and corrected image of part of the South Suburb derived frorc. a 1922 aeiat
photograph (page 75).
 1. SURVEYS OF AMARNA, PAST AND
PRESENT

-.:--r.=-: '.\'rj never a lost cin'in the sense that it became invisible, although there may rvell have been
, -,:-. ::i:od rr hen it rvas not noticed through lack of interest. Withi.n a short time of the end of the
r.-::--r Pe ::od. all of the srone buildings at Amarna were thoroughly demohshed and the stone
-:::--.-:i :or re-use on burlding sites elsewhere, but the mud-brick buildings which constituted br'
.- :.-= -r:*er parr ofthe city were left standing. Mud-brick buildings decay far more slor.vly than mrght
r :r.-: -.-i-l There is an initial and rapid loss of fini.shed sudaces and of any parts dependent for their
-:: --- cn s-ood (pnncipally ceilings and roofs), but before long the ruins acquire a degree of stabilrn
.. . ::!..:-: of ri-hich thc course of decay through collapse and weathering proceeds quite sloulr-
..-j:--;== r. likelr ro have srood as an easily recognisable city ruin for several hundred years, thus \\'ell
, :---: Lare Penod, a period which is actually represented amidst the ruins by sherds'
-, =,.r-conipicuous masses ofbrickwork (notably the Bridge and SmallAten Temple in the Central
,-- . .rli.:he rr-a[ of the North Riverside Palace) were sufficiently solid to remain standing to the
:::!l:--: ;ar . but it is quite likely that, by late Roman/early Christian times, much of the site had been
:-: --::l to the condition of weathered mounds. This much is obvious from the siting of buildings
:,--::-:s:eiod over parts of the North Suburb andKom el-Nana. Even so, however, it is perhaps
-: ,:.r thar it rvas ever lost to local knowledge that, beneath the curious undulating landscape, brick
...', : :ould be found and enough intriguing things to suggest that treasure might be present. The
:: --::: :\ca\-arions at Kom el-Nana have, for example, shown that robbery of brick walls was taking
:-=--; .- an indererrninate time after the formation of a mounded landscape but still sufficiently iong
1-t :o: ihe robber trenches to have become completely obliterated. Although the late Roman/ear1y
J.r:--s;:an Penod is a likely time for this, simply because it is the only other period of occupation on
,{--'.-- el-\ana. rhere is sufficient archaeoiogical and historical evidence to suggest a more or less
-- ,: :--:tn,1ous history of occupation somewhere on the east bank at Amarna since the end of the Amarna
-,=r.-l \,-e cannot know what explanations local people gave to the site over the centuries, before
:::-,' i',-3re e rposed to the modern world, but it would have taken little astuteness to recognize a place
.', 1;:e once a city of some sort had been.

T;1: ocr-rousness of the site is one of the impressions conveyed by the first modern description that
-,': h:r-e . made by Edm6 Jomard during the Napoleonic invasion of Egypt rn 1798/9 and the
- --:r)-quenr military pursuit of the Mameluke-led forces up the Nile Valley
(|omard 1818: 13-14).
::-.:r rhe u'ay he introduces the site, he evidently made the discovery whilstjourneying northwards,
::.-{ to Cairo. 1 For the even earLier Jr):J':4,
Amarna Bound:n Sl- .- .' :
the reign ofAl*len.t-:. .--
-tte r having passed El-Hawata one enters a large sandy plain surrounded on three sides by the de Walle (1976): 8 9
-\rabial mountain and, to the west, by the Nile, very similar to the bay wherein is placed Antinoe.
in ihis space a very large Egyptian town has existed which has escaped all travellers until now.
The fi.rst time that I noticed it I was extremely surprized to see so greet a mass of mins, which
:. no less that two thousand two hundred metres long and a thousand wide, yet which, though
siuared near the Nile which happens to be very narrow in this part, does not feature on any map.
I s-as eager to make a plan and to compile drawings of the better preserved parts. Most of the
.onsrftLcti.ons are unfortunately demolished, and one can see little more than the foundations.
Hog eyer, one still finds a very great number of houses in brick with their principal walls; a large
/o vast edifices where the plan is distinct; the great longitudinal road
::are\\ av and its enclosure; t\
inr-eight metres wide; finally the traces of a multitude of roads of this town.
 In heading southwards from Et-Tell, one finds in this large road, at four hundred metre! ri!--r'
the Last houses of the vi1lage, an enclosure which crosses it; in the middle there is a gareii :-,'
Towards the main area ofruins and to the left is a large brick edifice preceded by a colossal qarerr.':-,
the thickness of which is scarcely credible for this kind of construction: its opening is 1 1. i 5 :
-
and its thickness is 7.-5 m. The walls are inclined like the faces ofpylons. Although desrror e : :,-
much of their height, this is still 7 .33 rn. The bricks are themselves of a gigantic size: in facr. :--
are thirty-five to thirty-eight cm long, thirteen wide, and from sixteen to twenq.'hieh T,
=-
finish is of the best; they are alternately flat and on edge... [he is here describing the Sma]-
-\:;:.
Temple, and continues for a little further expressing the deep impression which rhe ruin :--=:.
on him. He concludes his description thus:]
There are in this great circuit of mins a great many transverse streets perpendicular ro i;:e -:::=
one, but, ofmost ofthem, oniy their traces can be seen although well aligned. The pnncira- >::..:
of which I have spokerl, serves today as the road for proceeding from Et-Tell to Haegr -e-:: .

and El-Hawatah. The entire expanse is covered with a layer of sand which descends :rc:r- : :
Arabian mountain. It is probable that the whole plain where this town is found s a: rc::::-:--.
cultivated and that the sandy alluvium has imperceptibly over-whelmeci it.

l Jomatd's map o;f the city of Amarna made in X798/9 (a;fter Desoiption del'Egyptc, Atttitltriri: p..:.::. -',
[Paris 18171: Pl 63,6), with, aboue fuos. 7-9), plan and eleuations o;f the Small Aten Tentple p;!,:,i,

i-,;*E

..:jsdS
*'il .=j-=

*..8
a"e
d"eg

-#g

, **++tui.

l3i,t'+::.9{.$
lj'9'":{5'.
-,,i -, .'r.-ijri,;i P€nLil ftnp o-i the Central City
-:t'':- . G.tr,lnq lI'ikinson -l,ls Ser' B -XX,
\ - ,'. <:r.; rernrs:it rt o-f the Bodleian Library,
gr
s
$.

*
f,!.

G--
r{
ai
-t:

{:
 I

.
-.-
-.rr
J-
t El
i
4t
)uo
q?+

(9
^46
'l-*.- 7'/ r/
i ,/t'/ l'"' s
 .l
t

i
:

d-

3.. Wilkinson's original pencil map o-f rhe tiq i:

Amarna (Bodleian Library, Gardner llilknt::.t
Ms. Sec B.-XX, Folder H, \o 1, b1, h,t;
permission oJ the Bodleian Library,, Ox_t-or|,
 llowed it south ftom Et-Tell,Jomard's aftenrion
of the Smal] Aten Temple, which then Stood
xt-a-r caught (as rve have just seen) by the ftont pylon
anxto'ishingT.5mhigh(itsmaximumheight'nowisonly3m),andinhistexthefocusedonthis in the text' he refen
:e oicked out, however' although'
ar some length. No othe"r individual buildings
to 'F\-o vast edifices where the plan is distinct''
Aten Temple. The value ofthe map lies
site and its local
-\D. the archaeological
rire narrorv belt of fields, the positions
famrliar positions'
modern topographic features are already in their
Aquarterofacenrurylater,in 1824and7826'ArnarnawasvisitedbySirJohnGardnerwilkinson
most
*-ho *-*, able to distinguish and to plan many of the
frrst appeared in the 1837 edition ofhts Ma
p. i06inthe 1878 edition onp' 350, Pl' VII
'ro"p
a very small scale covers the ground
".
4\Iapo-fthecityoJAmamamadebyErbkamJorK'R.Itpsius(afterDenkmaelerausAegyptenundAethiopien[Berlin
1819-5911: Abth' 64).

;Y; ./
,5, t r.u o,
 Hagg Qandil, whilst an inset plan at a larger scale includes most of Pendlebury's Central
Cin- ::.=
(minus the Great Aten Temple) together with buildin go43.I. 'Wilkinson's original
marenal is nc.,-,.
kept by the Bodleian Llbrary, Oxford.2
His Amarna mapping occupies four manuscript sheets. One ofthem (Sec. B.-XX, Folder
H. \c
'{, reproduced here as Fig. 2) is a pencil sketch map of the Central Ciry showing buildings on ei:- -:
side ofthe Royal Road which served as the basis for the neat inked version (Folder
I
H, No. 3) g;r.-..
:-:-:, I rvas used as the inset in the published map.3 The light pencil annotations show
-l
that the lengths oim., ::
e

r'r'alls, of the principal spaces between walls, and so on, were recorded as numbers
of pr,'.., .r.,,J ,h..-
plotted out, with adjustments, on a ratio of 300 paces ro 750 feet. The fourth docr-.rrt (Folde: Fi
No. 1) is the pencil sketch map which provided the basis for his main published Amarna map F:i
3). It incorporates a much-reduced version of the Central City pian but continues on to the ej:;l
of El-Hagg Qandil and adds some details on the north side of the Great Aten Temple (pnncir:L-
=
rnound which is probably within the North Suburb). No additional paced distances ,r. r.o,-. .--.
were probably scarcely required. Har.ing drawn the small-scale version of the Central Cin- .r-:
marked a scale of 1000 paces to 2500 feet), he probably set offhurriedly southwards along the
rc=:
(Main Road on our maps), pacing its distance to the first sheikh's tornb just before El-Hage
ea: J..
marked this on the map, and then turned eastwards to make a quick detour through rhe mar;1
:r-
of the ciry proper, back to the Central City, sketching as he went (without further
its outline and a few ofthe most conspicuous mounds. Wilkinson's confident, practised eve
-.asur.--.--.
proiu--=:
maps which are remarkably faithful to what has been revealed by later excavation and
sun e\-. :::-
make them a precious record ofwhat the site was like in the 1820s. Compared to the ravages rll*:;::
_
by other ancient Egyptian sites since this time (the ciry of Antinoe3usf downst.ea- fro-,{:r==.
being a poignant example), Amarna has fared remarkably well. Wilkinson would have no drr.c.r--
in recognising most of it and the same would probably be tme forJomard.
Two decades later brought the survey expedition ofthe Prussian Academy under Richard L::, _.
to Amarna, and rvhilst there its surveyor Erbkam produced a fine map of the main part of rhe ,--,
(Denk.I: Abth. 64; reproduced in Prisse d'Avennes 1878: pi. 3g, and here Fig. ,{) . Ir i, .,se,.,r,."-",
,
more detailed and elegant version of 'Wilkinson's plan, one on which more time has beel .:.- .
particularly over the residential city south of the Central City. 'Wilkinson's book had been i:^ :: :
for some years by this time, so that it is quite likely that Lepsius and Erbkam had a copv of hrs
-\r-:..-.
map with them.
The maps ofboth Wilkinson and Erbkam appear to show a great many exposed mud-bnc-< -..-. ',
even though they date to well before the start of archaeological excavation at Amarna. This a:p--.,
not only to the Central Ciry but also to the Main City running to the south. The sketched u-a-'.:.r:,.
however, do not extend over the ,)ntire site, being largely absent from a broad eastern strip of rh:
--_,,
In the case of the Main Ciry tlLis eastern part coincides very closely with the chose,. ..-
areas-
excavation by the Borchardt expcdition of the Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft and, to a more h:--:-:.:
extent, by the British excavations of 1923-5. It is apparent even now from the state of the s:o::- - .

as well as from statements made bypast excavators, that this part was chosen because
it had bee n -=;:- ,

disturbed hitherto. The surface before excavation must have been one of smooth moun;) ::-_:
undulations with no walls apparent, a condition which still survives for a small part of rhe crr,-
---: , -
to El-Hagg Qandil, Just to the south of the expedition's own house (principal1., arolln; ,-r:
intersection of squares K51, L51 ,K52,L52 in the South Suburb, Sheet 8). Over the resr of r::: ,-:.
however, some measure of disturbance occurs almost everywhere: sometimes serious. so:n.:r---,;l
apparently less so.
The implication of the Wilkinson and Lepsius maps is that most of this disturbance hac .-:.,:-,-
taken place by the time of their visits, although not all of it. 'Whereas on 'W'ilkinson's map rlur ..i ; ;
belonging to the Records OfEce at the rear ofthe Central Ciry are shown, a clusrer appears o-, -: :--:
building on the Lepsius map. This could mean that the local attack on the Records Offi.- mrgi::-- .
started u'ell before the alleged date ofthe discovery ofthe Amarna Lerters (1887). Much of rhe C:r::=_
Ciry east of the Records Oftjce (including the Police Post) probably remained unrouc;r:;
-:::__
Pendlebury's day.
'untouched'in this context is, however, a term relative to the diggrng of the earlr n:n::::r_:--
century. The point of reference is the penod of time quite a long one is requj.- ::
- where the suface- ofthar
obliterate traces of digging. Even in the outiying parts, the mouiii: ,.-. ,f
unbroken, excavation by Borchardt and by Pendlebury revealed abundant traces of di:tu:bar:;-
-:

llA000li
LIBRAF\
:rc form of areas of floonng that had been removed. This kind of serious digging could u-ell have
::ken place ancient times, over the long period foilowing the end ofthe Amarna Period rr hen most
i.n
cirhe n-alis still stood and the site lay open to people lookrng for anything of value and who, rn the
:rd. prcked the whole site fairly clean.
The early date of the visible disturbance to much of the ciry, the disturbance which revealed the
-,-'alls seen by 'Wilkinson and Lepsius, explains its present greatly weathered appearance. It is
r::)rrucrlve to examine aerial photographs of the Central City and areas immediately to the south
.- rch t'ere taken i n 1932. Even the few houses dug by Petrie stand out from the general background

-.: :arLier disturbance because, despite the passage of forty years, the weathering and decay had not
:::.ched such an advanced condition. As to who did the digging, prior to the end of the nineteenth
--31run- \\'e are almost in a period of prehistory as far as this toprc is concerned. Doubtless much
:-r're se nrs any number oflittle initi.atives by a few villagers looking for treasure, perhaps in a tradition
-l:.t nas long roots; for the Amarna expedition's sherd survey has found in the Main City 'spade she rds'
,.: Lare-Period pottery which were made for scooping into the sand. However, the nineteenth
r:irun-saw a phase of loosely organized digging that is poorly known, in the shape of antiquities
::a-ers u'ho r.vere sometines working under a government licence. Petrie was of the opinion that
^l: raC been preceded at Amarna by awell-known dealer called Farag, and perhaps others before him.+
- -re se men rvould have offered to the local villagers incentives to dig and a channel to the dealers'
,::cls. and the wonder is that more of the city was not destroyed in this way.
Some appreciation of the history of local digging is required when looking at the Wilkinson and
-Was
:r.ius rnaps and asking: what exactly did they see? a lot more brickwork exposed than is the
::.;e nos-:- How useful are their plans for buildings never subsequently excavated? Onc must, of
-Jirre . remember the limitations forced on them by virtue of the size of the area and the short time
::;i rher- spent there. The Lepsius team claimed to have worked at Amarna for only three days in
S:::ember 1843, and again for eight days inJune 1845. On this kind of schedule the mapprng
:.--rier-ements are truly remarkable.'We can obtain a fair idea of how these maps were made b,v
.,rrlpanng individual parts with plans derived from modern excavation. The most generally useful
,:he Krng's F{ouse in the Central City (COA III: Pl. XVf.'When the comparison is made it
--:nedratell'becomes clear that the main outer wall and the inner dividing walls were seen and drawn,
.;:j:har a more orless correct appreciationwas made of open as againstbuilt-up parts.'Where the
- ,-:,:-up parrs consisted of rows of magazines these also could be easily caught in their rapid sketches,
-..::. s here the internal pians were more complex, they fell back to sketching in walls as more or less
- : :r.-.ntional space-fillers to indicate architecturally busy areas.
Tre confidence with which some of the mai.n alignments were drawn and spaces filled implies that
-- ::::-:cced lengths ofbrickwork were visible,
and that a relatively recent spasm of digging by the local
-.' .r-r\ had left much bnckwork freshly exposed, although doubtless visible only against a
'W'hat
:.---<sround of irregular spoil heaps and pittings. we see now, and what was apparent from the
.-: :r rhe 1930s, i.s the result of more than a century of weathering which has cloaked most of the
::::--=:rung bnckwork in sand and gravel, the heavier constituents of the bncks themselves left behind
=. :.re frner dark silt particles from the Nile alluvium blew away.
I:..re realize the circumstances of the early surweys a mixture of rapid measurement in order
,.- ir rhe outlines of principal buildings, and freehand
-sketching by eye of local wall arrangements
-:--:r no dme for making second checks or lingering over dif6cult details can still find value
::eeir maps. Indeed, in the case of the Smenkhkare Hall in the Central City (map sheet 5), the
:'..:;ion: of the brick pillars on the present map probably owe much to Lepsius since both Petrie and
P:r: lbun-. ostensible excavators ofthis building, are unlikely to have cleared more than token parts
:,i:::e :nain hall. We must also accept that early in the nineteenth century much of the Central Ciry
: -: -\lain Ciq' had been dug over and their walls exposed for a time. This should not be taken,
--!-..r, -\ 3r. as a discouragement for future excavation. The same was tme for the most important
parts
,-: ::re Central Area excavated by Pendlebury, rnarry of which had, in fact, already been dug over by
P:::--e as u'e11.
Pe::ie's season at Amarna in the winter and spring of 1891./2 represented the first arrival ofmodern
=:.-1reo1ogrca1 practice, though in the forrn of an early example
of what would now be called a
.:::r:iins srrateg)-: a bi.t here and a bit there. He produced a map of the whole desert bay, but, where
-: rhe area of the ciry proper, it simply reproduces in outline Erbkam's map prepared for
,-Lr\-ers
Ler.1us. a copv of which Petne had with him (Petrie 1894: Pl. XXXV; Drower 1985: 189). On this
 ':--- :rarked the locations of some (but by no means all) of his own
excavations (see Appendrr 2
': l-:
:nan as a source for his own work this map makes no
contribution to the history of mappinr
.

'-r: ::n'' although for the desert hinteriand it re rresents an imponant advance
:.-.= -rpsius expedition.
.;;;"; ,"., done .b-,-

:-'I"; S SURVEY Or 1911-14, AND THE EST,\BLISHMENT OF THE 2OO-MITII CPrI

B:nr e en 1911 and 1914 (following preliminary investigation

a in 1907) Amarna saw a merhodic:-
^:rge -scale area-excavation conducted by Ludwig Borchaidt and the Deutsche
orient-Gesellscha::
To match the scale ofthe work and the care for architectural
detail, the expedition introduced. ar ii:
an overall numbcring and reference system fo. th.
buildings ofthe ancie::r
f the general surwey of the east bank of the Amarna plain
f,y p. Timme. :
e end ofthe 1914 season, had compreted a fine
survey ofthe whoie Aman:
area (Timme 1917; see also Borchardt 1911 : 31; Borch^rdi
tgt4,37). Timme describes the laun.
or-rt of the grid as follows (Timme I9I7: 66):

The naturai situation of the ground to be surveyed was of considerable

help, inasmuch as ir hes
around the excavation house which is situated nearly at the
mid-point, with a view our in near--,,
every direction from the roof of the housc. on the waiied part
of th. .oof poi", ,.*^r.i.:;-.
fixed zeto and was made visible from afar by a banner being
as a
,.t up over" i,. F.o- here. anj
on the basis of a previously determined magnetic north, a
north-, south-, east-, and rvest-hn; o_
several hundred metres iength was iaid out, and these lines
were marked every 100 mefrej \\rr_l
numbered stakes. This created the basis for the grid in which
the individua rro,rr", ,,r,hich .r -.-
to be excavated would subsequently be measured in. These lines
were also transferred ro il-
plane-table sheet, as were long directional lines from here
to conspicuous points, such as boundar..
stelae, pinnacles of rock, sheikhs' tombs with their sharp
peaks, etc.

Timme's text then continues with a description ofthe further surveying

to create the series of ge n:rr-
map sheets of the whole Amarna area.
In Timme's order of work the general topographic map and the
area plans of the excar-arion.
originated from and were tied into a portion ofthe 200--.o.
grid which wm giv.n a real eristenc:
on the ground in the area around the expedit
ed that, because the g:r,i
followed the alignment ofmagnetic north, whi
diagonally to the gene:a-
trend of the river and of the ancient ciry, it was p
he dig house, on_lr- ro lar
out lines to the cardinal points which would cover
point the 200-metre grid had to be laid out by interpolation from
before the central city was reached, ceased to be something
the r"fi"#?;i:ffiiil:T:l
marked o.r, on tir. gr:o.rrra, rvrrh d;:e
consequences for the subsequent British excavators, Newton
and Grif1ith, who, b*erween 1923 ani
1925, werc the first to venture this far north. It became instead
a notional construction dra* n ou:
on relatively small-scale general maps made by Timme's successors.
The only feasible *-ar c:
extending the grid further north was to work back tom these j
maps to the ground, hopinf thr,
intersections coincided with or lay close to distinct features
that were prominent on the ground = ar::
included on the maps. Since the German excavations of r91r
to 7914 never extended Ler oni r-r.
limits of the real marked-out grid, the German team did nor
have to deal with this difficuln,.
The first practical consequence of Timme's work was the plan
of the 1911 season or."lrr",ro-.
published tn a MDoc fascicle for this year (Borch ardt r9fl: gt^rt
2). The onginal was perhaps :r
a scale of 1:1000 (or even 1:2000), but for this rreliminary
report i, *"r."a-.,..1'rJ-r,*u,r,,t.
accommodationwithinthe smallpage-formatof MDoG. This editorialdecision,
whichwasmarnrame j
in the subsequent MD)G reports (and in the English-language translation
of Borchardt 1915:
445-7)' influenced much of the later Bntish planning a-""-L
^t
Timme's final maps were published at a scale of 1:21,000. The part which covers the ancienr cin-
marks, with some precision, the overall outline of the ,n.ierrt
remains, , r.* irrr.-ri;.;;
(principally the Great Aten Temple), the edge of cultivarion,
outline of modern villages. etc. In rhe
full published version it omits the 200-metre gnd, but the preliminary
version made during rhe 19 i _
:3r:urir it.l include it. Thrslatter u-as published at a \-en'reduced scale in ILDOG for 19"' BL'n -
in 19il in his 'uJr
l: ; ,rs rorrngd rhe basis for the 1 :15,000-scale map made and published br Ricke
reproduced in Borchardt and Rrcke 19St
r: -\nalra domesnc architecture (Ricke 1932: Taf. 1; :

convenrionallr--dra$'n tre e' in r;::

L..::-:n ^\ Thrs is \.ery evident from the identical placrng of the
it norrh of E:-
r:;:: oiculri\-arion. Ricte's plan marks the 200-metre gnd at a usable scale ' extending
.;" :nlo rhe area of the North Suburb. It also sho'"vs alJ. housing areas excaYated in rhe -\tarn Cin
and 1'922 ftut naturah
.;:J p;t,Iishe d. including those from the work of Peet and Woolley in 1921
the Bntish e lcar-anou' in
..,r-",rn rhe unpubhsnJ gES results of 1,923-5), and the southem part of
time, brought up tc c2:-
:=- \orth Suburb $.hich had been started tn 1926.s Ricke also, at the same ?: in
:r: ,lecarl plans of the Main city, now at a scale of 1:3000 (Ricke 1932: Taf' reproduced
Bc:chardt and Ricke 1980: Lageplan B)'

,:=:..}?T EXIJLO}LATION SOCIETY AT AMARNA 1'921'-36, AND OTHER SLIRVEYS

:_ ,;:e r-ears befi,veen 191.4 and 192I, when the Egypt Exploration Sociery took over the Amarn:
intersections presumably di'sappeared At leasr'
-,-::;:ssion. the wooden pegs which marked the grid
d on rhe
:l r;nher mention of the- *"s ever made, nor does i.t seem that the grid was re-establishe Peet
this was not important' The initial r'vork of and
=:o;nd. at least with any precision. At first Nhich
-l\'ool,1er-$-ithin the Main City lay adjacent to the German excavations, outline plans of ha'1
a straightfor-ward matter ro
,-::ad., been published in the preliminary reports of MDOG' It was
even to continue the numbenng
:::nsfer the grid designations or rn. old work to the new and
j-quence of houses within individual squares'
the initial plan to continue
From the beginning of the British work, however, there were signs that
the work would be steadily abandoned in
:le thodically clearinglhousing areas adjacent to German
greater vari'ery of results (ci
:;r-our of choosing individuaitargets for excavation which promised a
(the Eastern viliage '
:ie remarks on excavation rrr"r.gy i., coAl:vi). To begin with, the sites selected
away from the gnd
:lar rs. the workmen's viiiage, Marrr-Aten and the 'River Temple') lay so far
grid as a means of
:nd in distinctive iocations of their own that it seemed natural not to use the
north than the limits of the
:erirence, but when, rn 1.923, the city excavations moved further
also started at the North Palace'
Borchardt work (close to the centrai ciry, in fact), and excavation was
situation' as seen b)-
:::; lunher extension northwards of the 200-metre grid became necessary' The
summarrzed:'It is by no means easy to obtain
.rne of the directors (1924 season), F'L. Griffith, was
proceeded; the plan of
::orn rhe publications an idea of how far the exploration of the main
site has

:h: German excavations..., and the plans in the Cl

p^aced i.n their right relation to other things, an
rcr the progress of the excavation to be follow
up trom various sources will serve to make th
marerials is accomplished by an expert' (Griflith
had unfortunate consequences for the day-to-day recording
ofthis season's excavations' A great many
selluence ofthe wrong grid-square,
ot rhe houses *.r. girr.,' numbers whichbelonged to the number
necessitating the subsequent compilatiou of correction tables.
that one of Griffith's
It is odd, i.n view of Griffith's only vaguely anticipatory remarks, to discover
a more detailed and accurate map'
ream,-w.B. Emery, had actually spent part ofthe season compiling
map, at a scale of 1:4000 and And no: :rt:--- ---,: -
one rvhich had the 200-metre gaa t"ia out over it. A portion
of this
repon B::::---, - l. -
non' in a very poor condition, survives as palt of the EES archive'
It is dated 1924' lts basis was the
pnnrrng : .::-t- :: : :l : :
latest of the German maps, with extrapolaiions in all directions
to take in Maru-Aten in the south' latrer p:o','e. ----.
the Workmen's Village in the east, anJth. Great Aten Temple
in the north' with the 200-metre grid
on to a larger sheet of paper a published Wirh the -\--::-- :- - - I :
co'ering all parts. lnieed, it was made by actuaily pasting houses [L]:1il - :--,: :r:
(Borchardt 1915)"6When
copy ofthe Germanplan, re-orr.dfromafascicle ofthe smithsonianReport hou:e s ::;-- .- ::: -::
A small-scale blue-print ofthis
completed, i.t was traced to produce a neat copy ready for publication. neYer plar-:a: ll ::- i i
results of Newton's 1923 excavation
tracing also survives, although the onginal does not. It bears the and ano.h:: =- :: : l
not those of Gnffith's continuation tnto 1924. These latter were. however, later added north ol ;--l= :--,1-- ':
\eason, but
\\'estem ei:= -- -,. ,

br.Emerytothebasemap.TThismapbearsfewsignsastothemethodofcompilation.Itiscalleda
.sketch Map of the Mair] Town'. The cultivationand modern village outlines do not derive from West Sire

: ',::n Temple Lavers
: : inished outline
'i l> not separately
:: ---:, ' - COA III, and
,. r: r-a: \lant. ]t was,
e
: .: ::bii.hed at a small
.. - i,:lttre;,tta! Assodation
-, :':S::rernber1.934,p 96
-, .:, - :-i- a reference which
: . : :.r -\hchael Mallinson.
-- : -: -.ied Central Cityplan,
-- -,'- III Pl I, contains a
.:: - - '. :. opv of it which omit.
-.:::-, \nother Lavers plan
' .. ' ,i nor 6nd itr way into
- - :. lli i, a slightly diffcrcnt
--': : :: --: the reconstruction plan
: :-: Gern-pa-Aten published
:: .-::-.Iebun' 1.933b: 632, Ftg
- J:' r' thrs plan is printed as
:. --.- j although the letteringis
:--
- - : :au matenal for the North
Plan, prepared by
-::-'
'i :t]tngton, rs part ofthe EES
.:I-:':
T::ru-ne's general sun-e\-s'huch had. of course. been pubLished br this time, The house .,:-\-----:
K5r-r.1r and orhers in the r-icrnin'\\-ere apparentlr'plotted b)'tape-measured distance s and p:.::-.i:---
,-ompassbearings. Itishighl,vunlikel,vthatproperinstrumentsurver-inglar-behindrt On:).-:--l
s'1ch could have been useful rvas a 1:50,000 aenal photographic mosai.c of the Amama p-::::::r,::'
.-r,7922. a cop)'ofrvhich was obtained by the Amarna expediti.on dunng the 1920s or 3t-ts, Ho-;. :- ;-
6e edge of cultivati.on anci village outlines differ significantly from the \\'a,v ther- shos ur c:'- ::-i
pnorograph so that use of this source can probably be ruled out. The absence of prcper inst::-: ::-:
led to the incorrect placing of the more northerly parts of the 1923/l ercar arlon. T.-,-,
'un'er-ing
\\'as one aspect of the mistake in locating the grid-squares on the ground which aft-ecred:'rc '.'
--.
recording of excavations in this part of the site during this season.
Emery's map reached in the north only as far as the Great Aten Temple. The remaining. :- ::---::.',
part of the site was mapped in a similar outline fashion and with the 200-metre gnd br H B C-=-,,
tn L926. The origrnal has not surwived, but it was reproduced in the preliminary repon tb: t... -
:l
7 season (Frankfort 1927a Pl. XLIV, opp.p. 209).lt can also be demonstrated (see beios- ia.i - ':
-.
ar the scale of 1:4000. The source for this map can be identified with some probabilrn-. The s,:::= ..:
-.
1926, saw the official publication by the Surwey ofEgypt ofa set of 1:10,000-sca1e map sheet' ;o-.-.:-:-'
the Amarna plain to the foot of the clifls. These maps are very sympathetic to the archaeolosr .': ::-=
si.te and well infonned; for they include many outlines of ancient buildings at Amarna. eithe : c::--. --
from the 1922 aerial photographic survey or through liaison with Clark. The expedirior :-':
purchased aset ofthese maps, nowin theEES archive. Someone, presumably Clarkhrrnself. h:l r'-'::
the map of the northern paft of the site and drawn a grid ofsquares (not the 200-metre refere n;: --r-:
over it, probably as a stage in making an enlarged copy of this part of the map. The conrr::,:'i
evidence that Clark compiled his own map in this way is that the conventionally-rendered tri.i ,-:-
his map exactly correspond to the way that they appear on the Survey ofEgypt sheets. \trrhe rr C-':.-
did have to make an important decision was how to lay the 200-metre grid over the nes' ma: r-r: .'
method that he did not use was simply to continue Emery's map northwards. The trvo map. .--,--:-,:
over the Great Aten Temple, and show a significant difference in the way that the 200-n.re::= =---:
squares relateto the burlding.8 On the north-south axis the difference in placement anlo;:l:r ::
around 100 m. Pencil annotations on the EES archive copies of the Surwey ofEgypt 1:10.t-r tr .-r:::r
show that Clark's procedure was to re-create Timme's grid on the sheets themselves. stardr: r-::
the southern dig house and measuring northwards.
Finally, i.n the winter of 1,932/3, Waddington, working under Pendlebury's direction. sei o;r : -
create a master plan of tire site, using several of the older plans (Pendl ebury 7933a: 1 17; Penclle r.::-'
1933b:630). The scaie was again 1:4000. For the north he traced Clark's map, and the sunira- ::
this tracing shows that Clark's map also had been at 1:4000 scale. He then carried the mapp:--:
southwards, utilising both Ricke's and Emery's maps, back over the southern part of the crn-. a' :-'=
way to Kom el-Nana. Now, for the first time, a single map showed all ofthe excavated areas ir.r rel:ii-:-
to the 200-metre grid. This map, like Emery's, was never published but remained i.n Waddinetor:'.
possession until handed over to Kemp. It is now part of the EES archive.
A huge amount of excavation continued to be done, covering the North City, the North Su':u:i
and the Central Citv. The dctailed planning, however, involved no further refinement to the o\--:r'
surweying. A note in one of the preliminary reports (Pendlebury 1934a:136) states that one o: r--.
team, Sherman, remained behind at the end of the 1.933/4 season to tie the plan of the Central C:-.-
accurately on to rhat of the South Ciry (i.e. Main City), but, ifthis was done, nothing appear\ to r:'.'-
surwived of the attempt. Waddington provided a sketch map, at a very small scale, of the s-hoic t=,:
bank area for COA II: Pl. I, which marks the east-west gnd co-ordinates; he was also respon:ib-- *-:
the block plan of the North Suburb at 1:2000 scale, but this is not tied to any independenth fr-r:-
points, although for the fi.rst time on an Amarna map, a latitude and longitude reading is pror-ri.:
Subsequently, for the Central City, Lavers (who had taken over the role of expedition arch::e '-:
provided a block plan published at a small scale in COAIII: Pl. I. This is, however, another de tir-a:'-,-:
ofthe Clark plan, now supplemented by fresh aerial photographs. Although it covers the sinsle :rl.-.:
important part ofAmarna, its status is little more than that of a sketch plan made up humedlr-lrc-,
che detail plans; for it contains several glaring errors ofplacing.e Moreover, had the pubhcation o: r-:.
North Ciry gone ahead as originally intended, its block plan would have been a similar monlas. t:
small-scale copies of excavation plans.10
Amarna inevitably fell wrthin the scope of Egyptian Go'n'ernment sur-r'eys. We knou- of nr-.- ,.:'
c- ofrcial maps s-hich have archaeological value. The first is the 1926 Sun'er- ofEgr pt 1 10.t,r[tt,r sene :
.-:eadr-referred to. Four sheets (545/600; 545l605; 550/600; 550/605) cover the area ofthe cin-and
, onrain a serious attempt to delineate the ancient buildings, including unpublished ones. a fact s-hich
:oincs eirher to clever use of the aerial photographic survey which had been carried out in 192?. or
:cr Liarson s ith the EES expedition, probably through Clark, whose map of the 1923/ t housinq are a
-.-,-:. evide ntlr- one ofthe sources used. The map is contoured at one-metre intervals. The second ser.

' .o ar 1 :10.000 scale, was published by the Arab Republic of Egypt Ministry of Irrigation. Research
h.rirute of Sadd el Aali Side Eflects, on the basis of aerial photography and ground control done in
-9-8-9 bv Kenting Earth of Ottawa, contoured at half-metre inten-als. Amarna is
Sciences Ltd,
repre'ented in three sheets (599l538;599/544;599/550), but the scope of the map (reflectine rhe
l:re re srs of the commissioning body) is very strictly limited to the ground which lies 2 km on eithe :
.rde of the central line of the River Nile. This means that the whole of the ancrent cin'is include d.
'blr. s-herever the archaeological coverbecomes dense, the area is left blank, apart from a scatter oi
.:ol hei.ghts. Its value for the ciry surwey is not great, but for the wider survey ofAmama. at least along
:-r- n\-e r margins at the north and south ends, it is very valuable and has been used in compihne rhe
!'--:1--\- map of the southern zone at Amarna to be separately published in,4R VII.
On looking back over the history of Amarna mapping one theme emerges: nineteenth-centun
rs flX/ilkinson and Erbkam), lacking the preoccupation of running an excavation. san- the sire
',-, L-rke

,r : unirv andrecogntzed that topographic surveying could capture a great deal of the site's qenera-
-:r our and character. Timme also worked in this tradition, extending its limits to Hatnub and relare d
l:'e n areas to the east, and to the whole ofthe west bank. Thereafter, however, survey s'as reduced
roanadjunctofexcavation,servingimmediateandpressingneedsandmakingdowith adhocsoll:rion-,
io rhe probiems of relating excavation plans to the 200-metre grid and to modern topograpluc
=arures.
This down-grading of the value of topographic survey was a general feature of Egr-ptian
archaeology in the first halfofthe twentieth century. Restoring it to its properplace as an independenr
und indi.spensabLe method of archaeological recording is one of the more important developments
oi rhe last two decades.

?:IOCRISS OF THE PRISENT SURVEY

T:le sun'ey of which the accompanying map sheets are the outcome was conducted over a total of
:r-rne annual seasons in the field, and can be divided into two phases. The first consisted oftwo seasons
o: basic sur-veying (betweenJanuary 25 and March 14, 1,977 , and March 4 and April 5, 1.978) carried
o-rr br- Kemp, accompanied by Inspector of Antiquities Mohammed Abd e7-Aztz Awad. In the
.'lsence of an expedition house or rest house at Amarna accommodation was provided at the village
rijnic at El-Amariya, through the kind offices of the Mayor of Deir Mawas. Starting each day from
irere. the survey parry of Kemp, M. Abd d.-Aziz, several Egyptian Antiquities Organisation Shffin,
:nd nvo paid local assistants travelled by donkey to the day's sector. The intention from the beginning
\\-as to concentrate on the ciry site with the aim of creating full map coverage, but not to attempt to
ertend this to the whole Amarna plain except for outline sur-veys or archaeological reviews of
individual outlying sites of particular interest. The southern zone of Amarna, along the desert edge
trom rhe site of El-Arbain (well to the south of El-Hawata) to El-Hagg Qandil, was dealt with fi.rst
and treated as an outline survey, and the results, worked up to a smaller scale than the main survey,
are excludedfromthispublication, appearinginsteadin,4RVll. The cirysurveyproperwas commenced
ar E1-Hagg Qandil and, by the end of the season, had reached the southern limit of the Central City,
having also taken in, as outline surveys, the sites of Kom el-Nana, the Workmen's Village, and the
Srone Village. A preliminary report was publishedinJEA (Kemp 1978). On returning in 1978 the
sun'eving was begun in the north, at the North City, and progressed southwards untiljoining up with
rhe u'ork done in the previous year. En route an outline survey was done of the Desert Altars site.
Again a brief report appeared inJEA (Kemp 1,979).
The surveying procedure adopted for these two seasons reflected the modest resources available
and s-as constructed around an elderly brass theodolite kindly lent by the Egypt Exploration Society's
Saqqara expedition. By good fortune much ofthe ancient city possesses a ready-made permanent base
hne in the shape of a line of electnciry pylons which runs from El-Hawata to Et-Tell. The pylons,
r ,-_ --rr r .oncrere of 100 m aiong se ctions of straight lines. As the
base. are set at nonrinal r.nten'als
:--r- 31,'::ogi-es\ed oter this part of the si.te the first task was to measure the exact di.stance between
-: ,.-1, and. rr here the ir line changed, to measllre the angle of change. The pylon bases then served
.., ).--:\-ev polnrs tbr establishing, by triangulation and oftets, a series of reference points over the city
- ----,-;t could be relared to archaeological features, to certain modern fixtures, and to the edge of the

--.---:r1'ared land as rt u'as at that time. The last two involved the fairly straightforward
plotting of
:-r-nents 1-hich had clear outlines. The first the archaeological features, the main reason for the
,,.:r e] \\ as more complicated and
-
involved worki.ng in a variery of ways.
-
\ rna.lor concern ofKemp, and later of Garfi during the second phase ofthe surwey, was the correct
-:l:cr1g of the plans (both published and unpublished) ofthe huge areas ofbuildings excavated in the
:.rsr. Resur-r,-eying the position of every single excavated building seemed too great a task and, if
.,-.,.mpr.d, rvould in fact have involved rcclearing walls lost to sight through decay or covered by
q'ind-b1or,vn sand or the dumps of later archaeologists. It seemed enough to fix reference points for
groups of houses and other buildings and to accept the basi.c accuracy of the plans made by the
architects a1d archaeologists of the day, an approach perhaps somewhat sanguine in view of serious
drscrepancies which emerged from ti.me to time. A special set of problems was provided by the
exrensive unpublished excavations of the seasons of 1923-5, directed by Newton and Griffith. The
gaps and confusions in the sur-viving records are such as to warrant a separate discussion, given below'
The areas which rcmain unexcavated are substantial and lie mostly adjacent to the present edge of
cultivation, attaining a maximum width of about 350 m in the middle of the Main Ciry. Across these
huge areas are many house mounds and remains of other buildings, mostly dug over in the nineteenth
century in the search for treasure but by no means destroyed in the process. Certain particularly
distinctive outlines were planned directly as the survey proceeded, but, at this stage, no attempt was
made at comprehensive direct surveying of the extremely complicated topography of the main areas
of unexcavated housing (some idea of the fuil complexiry can be gained from the sample of detailed
mapping published in,4R V: 104, Fig. 5.2). For thcsc areas reliance was placed on sets of old aenal
photographs, in particular the set taken in 1922, pints of u'hich were held in the archives of the
Gennan Archaeological Institute in Cairo, whrch body most generously lent them so that a good set
of copies could be made at the Universiq' of Cambridge. The way in which these photographs have
been used is also described in a separate section.
In the summ er of 1.978 Kemp began to compile draft surwey sheets from the data collected to date.
The original intention was to prepare and publish at the scale of I:2500, but the loss of detail at this
scale prompted a change to 1:1000, initially for reduction to 1:2000 but, on further reflection, for
rerenrion for publication at one-to-one. The first draft map at 1:1000, of the North Ciry, was
completed in the autumn of 1.979, and part of a second one (the area around Ei-Hagg Qandil) during
the summer of 1980. These two maps covered the two ends of the principal surveyed area, that of
the ciry proper, and it was possible to see from these that the intervening ground would require five
rnore, subsequently increased to six to accommodate the greater width of the central parts of the city.
The resulting scheme of eight sheets appeared in a report published not long after-wards (Kemp 1983:
22,Fig.7; also Kemp 1'984-5 rnap 1, opp' p- 84)'
By this time Salvatore Gard had become a member of the Amarna expedition team. In 1981 he
was part of the small group which worked in the North City reclearing certain ambiguous parts of
Pendlebury's excavations preparatory to a final publication. His briefwas to take the 1 :1000 draft map
of the North City prepared by Kemp, to check its accuracy and add details where necessary, and to
add contours, a major undertaking in view of the line of cliffs which crosses this (and only this) map
sheet. The great success with which thrs project was conducted, which was the beginning of phase
two of the surwey, led to Gatd taking over the full compilati.on of the survey: from new, more
comprehensive surweying on the ground, through to the cartographic preparation of the final map
sheets for publication.
The 1981 experirnent in the North Ciry was now applied to all of the map sheets. Gard prepared
1:1000-scale draft or base maps from Kemp's rnitial field data. These sheets served as preliminary
compilations which were subjected to re-surweying in the field, and to contouring, a task which also
helped in transferring the topographic information from the old sets of aerial photographs. The
.onto.rrrr-rg, at half-metre inter-vals, proved to be a major undertaking on its own and helps to explain
'Working
the lengthtf time it has taken to bring the sur-vey to an end. from south to north Gard, with
only a locally recruited assistant and a donkey for carrying his equipment, slowly and carefully covered
 82-4 and1988- By 1es7 rrsing a Tolrcon TL-20P
which was tied to the already suweyed line
of
Kemp and re-plotted all
ed the data collected by
ordance with the approach to the early
excavaton'
retative conunents were published in '4R
I: chap-
r seasons he was greatly assisted by the loan from
electronic distance-metering GDM) theodolite

nal editing.
cesavailable-grateful though we are to those
hed the scale and importance ofthe task'
In a more

Over the years we have made several attemPts

but without success, whilst the best solution'

checking, to minimize this'

 2. TECHNICAL NOTES ON THE PRESENT
SURVEY

-- F()L\'L{T OF THE SURVEY SHEETS

E'.-noftheeightsheetsmeasures,insideitsborder, l20byT4.4cm,representing,atitsscaleofl:1000,
t
I ::-, rrea of 1200 x744 n on the ground. A degree of overlap between pairs of sheets is provided. The
.- jses of overlap are marked as hear,ry blue lines, and the general arrangement of sheets is given in the

K:r' Sheet.
Pnnting limited the number ofcolours to t'vvo, in addition to the blackbase sheets. The colour
costs
: ,:,fr has been used for basic archaeological detail, divided primarily between building plans and
'i:ppLing to convey the presence of archaeological features in unexcavated areas. The building plans
ere drawn in ink directly on to the map sheets; they are not photographic copies. They omir some
"r
ot the fine internal details and should not be used as substitutes for the published plans of individual
'rr-iildrngs.
The meaning of the stippling is admittedly ambiguous since it is conveying two kinds of
information which might have been better separated by use of an additional colour. The unexcavated
parts of the archaeological site project above the generai ancient ground level, which is very similar
to the present one. They form an undulating landscape in which it is possible to make out many of
rhe essentiai characteristics of the buried buildings: mounds where there are tight clusters of walls
,normallyindividual houses), ridges along the lines ofprominentwalls, depressions where there might
have been wells. One of the things that the stippling is conveying is this undulation, its interpretarion
aided by the contours (in brown). Much of the unexcavated areas were dug into in the nineteenth
century. This has 'smeared' the sur{ace of the site in some parts, making it difficult to read in rerms
of city layout. In other areas, especially those south of the Central City, where the depth of fill was
probably not great, it left the walis exposedfor a time, but in the intervening century they have
decayed down again to gravelly ridges. The stippling concentrates on these.
Traces of ancient use are also given by sherd concentrations, and it is in not distinguishing these
from surface undulations that the ambiguity lies. To a large extent the two elements concur, for the
nineteenth-century digging threw up huge quantities of sherds which still lie thickly on the surface
of the site. There are still many places, however, where the archaeological deposit consists only of
sherds, which lie in open spaces within compounds, or along streets, orjust beyond che edges ofthe
city. Where these form a distinctive patch separate from buildings the area is stippled and the word
'sherds' written aiongside. It must be realized, however, that sherds are present in varying
concentrations over much of the site. The prime purpose of the Surwey map sheets is to record the
present evidence for the layout of the ciry. Mapping the sherd cover and sampling its content are a
separate project which is still far from complete.'We are aware, for example, of several areas in the
Main City, both on the eastern fringes and inside large enclosures, where there is significant sherd
cover which we have not noted.
The colour black has also been used for modern descriptive notes, for the outlines of the modern
villages, and for various demarcation lines. Modern village outlines (compiled, for the most part, in
1977 and 1978) arc done with closely set irregular hatching and simply mark the edges of the villages
where they impinge on the archaeological site. We have not attempted to include the internal plans
of the villages. Modern lilb intrudes on to the site also in the shape of cemeteries, one of them
(belonging to Et-Tell) overlapping the northern side of the Great Aten Temple, the other (for El-
Hagg Qandil) running across the southern part ofthe South Suburb. To have planned the dense and
extensive spreads ofmodern tombs without the aid ofup-to-date aerial photography would have been
a major undertaking; it would have been one which diverted us from our original aim of making
archaeological maps which recorded the shape of the ancient city. We therefore limited ourselves to
markingjust the edges of the cemeteries as thelr y7s1s rn 1977 and 78, adding only a few of the more
conspicuous individual tombs.
The colour brownsewes two quite diflerent purposes. It is the colour ofthe contourlines (see below
- --: :::o:e derarl) . and also of areas of ancient gypsum concrete. One of the peculiarities of Amarna is
: -..-.r,..iere\-erarchitecturaLstoneworkwasraised,afoundationplatforrnofgypsumconcretewasfirst
,::::-i. and on thrs the builders marked the outlines of the intended structures. After the end of the
i.::-=::ra Pe nod all stonework was systematically removed for re-use elsewhere, to leave behind only
:',r l,':)um concrete. Sometimes, too, this '"vas smashed up. Solid brown has been used for areas of
preserved, brown hatching for the robber trenches and pits where it
=':r'.,1 concrete continuously
.-r: r-3n remor.ed. Recovered outlines ofwalls and other features are marked in broken black lines.
, r: colour blue also conveys more than one kind ofinformation. It is the colour ofthe 200-metre
-=-: ,ni of rhe north arrow, and ofthe edges of the overlaps of the various map sheets. As solid colour
. :le areas of several post-Amarna buildings which are intimately related to the archaeology of
-.'.
,---..i-:: rhe late Roman/early Christian structures in the North Suburb, the ruins of the museum
', -, ---r Pe tne erected over the painted pavements in the Great Palace, and the two British expedition
-

..-- --i-r. one in the north ruined, the other in the south still in use. Blue is also the colour of labels
---: ,r--re nr buildings and areas: the individual house numbers, the names and titles of the very few
,.:--:-.,'n o\\-ners of houses, and the modern designations of key buildings and zones of the city.
- ::e Ker Sheet includes a single map ofthe whole city, repeated three times. At the top the outline
-:-:=;r of the map sheets is superimposed to show how the set relates to the overall topography of
---- --ir- The other two versions show the 200-metre grid, both the one used in the present
: -:l: c:rion (middle key map) and the parts of grids established by the various surveyors who worked
..: -\:rlama in the past (lower key map). The grid used by us derives from the original German grid
to magnetic north. Since there is
=,:,:u.hed in the southern part of the city, which was orientated
--...- I der-iation from this direction to current magnetic north, the term'grid north' has been used
---: ,-ee tormer. The amount of deviation is also cited on the key sheet.

- -= rr_rr_t-rlErRE GRID

-:-- ::=ts of hierarchy ofmethod the current survey differs significantly from the earlier ones. The first
,.--,'.- cire ference is the base line of electricity pylons. These follow the general curving trend of the
- -:. .,::l thus offer a series of fixed relationships between the ground and most of
the map sheets for
, -: --r.-r- riom El-Hagg Qandil to the Great Aten Temple. The second level of reference is the
. ---,eological detail (including the plans of previously excavated houses), surveyed into place by a
: --,. l;Lation ner tied to the base line, and in the northern part of the city by a closed traverse. The
. -:: ,er el of reference is the 200-metre grid, now a wholly notional construction laid out over the
.::::trhefinal stagesofdrafting. Itshouldneverbenecessaryinthefuturetolocategridintersections
:-r- sround: future excavations can be added to the map sheets by triangulation from the fixed base
:-
-:-. :he gnd reference then being read from the plotted result.
--: addrng of the 200-metre grid to the maps was not, however, a straightfor-ward matter. One
:,.,::-ecourseofactionwouldhavebeentotrytorepeatTimme'sprocedure,atleastonpaper:fixing
,-.; :.-rnt on the roof of the expedition house and laying out over rnap sheet no.7 a 200-metre grid
,-::t-r accordi.ng to the newly determined magnetic north for the sheet. Another possible course
',- : -:ic har-e been to spread out all of the completed map sheets (a length of over 7 m) and to lay over
:,r::r : l(lO-metre grid, adjusting it to the best compromise fit for the whole site, including the North
S::--:: and North Ciry. No compromise would, however, have cured the misalignments in the
-.
- -l:n part ofthe site. And so, partly in deference to Timme's original care, andpartlybecause
most
:t:-.;:: n'ork at Amarna is bound to be in the southern part of the site, the procedure chosen was to
,..-< :ie best fit in the area around the South Expedition House'
- i: nrsr step was to mark on map sheet no. 7 allthe points where Timme's grid lines
intersected
.-=-----:rt r.,-alls. A 2O0-metre grid was then drawn on to a sheet of clear acetate and laid over the marked
-:r:: In the course of constructing the map sheets numerous adjustments have been made in the
:-:chg of rndrvidual buildings or blocks ofbuildings in relation to their relative positions in the older
...,.;..,'a;ors' plans. Thus the marked intersections on sheet no. 7 did not wholly correspond to the new
to provide the best general fit, which also
- r J1 rhe acerate sheet. This was therefore adjusted
:=':,-:e,i an originating point in the south-west corner ofsquare M50 over the roof of the expedition
--: *,: :lose ro the most likely point used by Timme. Once the final positioning had been decided,
 this grid was extended to the other sheets. The present deviation of the newly-placed gnd tror:-r
magnetic north is 1 degree, 23 minutes to the east.

THE BUILDING PLANS

Forthegreatmajoriryofexcavatedbuildingsourprocedurehasbeentotransfer,atthescaleofl:1ttt '.
the plans pubiished in the excavation reports without attempting to check them on the ground o:
to re-measure them. This would be a worthy but colossal task, and, for most of the smaller hor:.es
impossible to accomplish without reclearance, for their walls have become indistinct or ::=-''=
I
I

. disappeared altogether through the combination of weathering and sand drifting. An idea oii-.'h':
remains after reclearance is illustrated by the expedition's work on two areas ofpottery kilns (frrrt J::
by the Borchardt expedi.tion), published in,4R V and VI. This revealed that some loss of brickr"-o:-<
and sometimes of whole features has occurred, but, in compensation, a mass of detail, some oirr .':
considerable importance, does survive, to the extent that the work of reclearance quickl-r'takes c;l
the character of fresh excavation, with all that this implies in terms of superwision, time. and dera'-
ofrecording. Reclearing the houses simply to improve architectural definition would be unjustifiabl'.
destructive.
A source which is in a c^tegory of its own is Petrie's TeIl eI Amarna (189\. This contains. Pk.
XXXVIII-XIII, twenry plans ofindividual brick buildings or parts thereof, numbered from 1 to I i
(no. 20 lies far outside the city) , but the positions of only a few of them are marked on Petne's .ke:cr
plan of the ciry @1. XXXV). Pendlebury and other archaeologists subsequently identrfied ser eral oi
them, and we have added a few more by comparing visible suface traces on the ground s-ith Pe rr-; .
'We
plans. Appendix 2 gives the list of equivalences. were unable to locate six buildings, a.ll ot n:'..r
private houses, and almost certainly situated in the Main Ciry. The reason for this fai.lure is thar. ir.::r
Petrie's habit of back-filling as he went (which helped to preserve the walls), the condition c::l:.
houses that he dug is virtually the same as that of many subjected to illicit digging in the ninei::r--:--
century. Because of the general similariry of the plans of Amarna houses it is not possible. ur-:..
distinctive features have remained visibie, to make comparisons with Petrie's plans.
For some individual buildings (mainly houses) in the city, and some whole groups, there a:; --r.-
published plans at all. Mosdy they belong to the EES excavations of 1,923-5. What appears on ti:
survey sheets derives from different types of source, differing in their degree of detail and reliabLir'.'
The following notes deal with each area in turn.

Sheet 7: The North City

Although no overall plan was made by Pendlebury and his architects, Waddington and Lavrr.. :',.
compiiing of the map of the excavations was reasonably straightforward. Plans of nearlr- all .ri::-.
J, -:-*::iron did produce a very houses and of the various parts of the North Riverside Palace have either been publisre ; --
,=r-.---e Norking plan in the prelimrnary reports tnJEAor survive as unpublished originals or as dyeline copies.11 These had'b:::-
--::- --- = -:tosaic of photographs collected by Kemp (some of them having remained in Waddington's possession) earl.v in the cc;:..
-: -::':, -::gs of most but not all of of the work, and positioning them by reference to a network of suruey points was achier-ed du::::g
- : r:-nngs excavated. A full the 1978 sulvey season. The principai outstanding problem was the lack of pians for the ground. '-
:::-:,:--.n and listrng of sources
-,,-- :: :::.luded rvithin the final house U24.1 excavated by Pendlebury, and for a block ofsmall houses (U25.20) on whrch Pendic'b'u:-"'
r::r- r-=-:he North City, rvork had started an excavation in the last two days of his final season tn 1936. This was soh'ed br- the :--
:- ii:---:r :s rr'ell under way excavation of these areas in 1981 and the making of new plans.
-s/riar l; The Great Ramp and I'{orth Palace

. . \i-;t two seasons by Newton and Whittemore, the latter then going
Palace u-as dug dunng
:- . - --l::: :-1e Great Ramp. No full report on either building has yet been published. For the North
: =-=-= -.i, - 1e\-e used Clark's finished plan (Whittemore 1926: PI. II; Frankfort 1929a: P1. XIV;
\.--,-::-- ':v21t: Pl. XXVIII is a separate plan of the north half) , the original of which no longer
: -:-,.-,':>. Hrs plan of the Great Ramp has never been published and also no longer surwives, but,
: -::-.::h . ir rr as photographed on to a half-plate glass negative at the time it was made, and we have
--,.i.::::ir of thi:.

-{lreer Jr The }iorth Suburb

:,--:.-. -, i-ee u-hole of this part ofAmarna was cleared by Frankfort and Pendlebury, and thetr COA
--'.'-;::rl conrains small-scale area maps which could be used with little modification i.n the
- -r-:. 'ng of our maps once a net of reference points relating individual houses to the ground was
.,:.-.',1:j There are two small additions to the plans. One concerns an enclosed area on the north
,,-. ', 1-1,1.9-12, of which the excavators wrote (COAII:71): 'there appeared to be, from surface
.:-------i:-cn!. rhe s'all enclosing another large estate of about the same size which had never been used.
:,'.--.-. r:ron. hos-ever, revealed no single brick, and it is probabie that what we saw was either the
:'-:--:=:ron trench for the wall, or a boundary trench dug by the authorities to show the size of the
.,:='. -;::r-s-ere allotting'. It is omitted from the COAII plans apart from a length of the eastern wa1l
.- scurh end u,here it continues the front ofT33.9-I2; we have marked the approximate outline
:---=
:.-:-:.h: 1932 aeiaTphotographs and have given it the number T33.13. Secondly, in the course of
'..,::-r::g rhrough the onginal field records in search of pottery data, Pamela Rose has noted the
--,-):-i:.-e ot a house U36.1.9,located in the south central quarter, to the north af tineU36.4 courryard
- -: ,-c: included in the CO,4 II plans. It has been added to the survey plan by reference to aerial
: - :.-{aphs and a sketch in the field record (EES archive document 6.7) . She has also drawn our
,:.:::-rLln co several other minor discrepancies, as follows: 'House' T36.35 is placed in the overall block
:-.:- :onpiled by Waddington for COAII, Pl. II, as an empty courtyard area forming the northern
:,:, --- T36.25, although the detailplan (Pl. VIIII) omits it, as does the description of T36.25 and
,:-..,-.r:i sround (ibid.: 44). The relevant Frankfort fi.eld notes (document 7.2) mention the house
:--:----:::onLr-once atpageSwhereitiscrossedoutandreplacedbythenumberT36.24.Thereisthus
,--:::JrnalsrarementonT36.35,and,intheindextoCOAII:85,nopagereferencetoitisgiven'
I:-- .::o:rer document (7 .3), aset of object and pottery lists, T36.35 does appear, however, and a note
-: =.,--n ro rhe effect that it was west of T36.25. Its actual location and status are therefore uncertain.
O:- ::r: )un-e)'map it is placed north of T36 .25, as on the COAII block plan, but a question mark
.---. r::n added rn brackets. Lesser problems apply to T36.31. andT36.32. Again these are marked
::-- ,ie block plan but not on the detail plan (Pl. IX). In Frankfort's notes (document 7 .2,p.16)T36.31
r. .. i ro Lie u,est of T36.29,in COA II: 55 this number is said to refer to the south-west rooms of
T-.: 19. n hilst in the lists (document 7 .3) it is said to lie north-west of -136.21, which could apply
:: .c:h oithese locations. This last document also states thatT36.32 is west of .21 and adjacent to
-. - n';lich is technically impossible if the word
'adjacent' is taken literally. Waddington's block plan
. '::'ies solutions by marking positions for these numbers which cannot be far from their original
-: --=.:ons. but r,vhether he had access to other information or rvas making an intelligent guess cannot
:-----., be determined. For this reason question marks have been added to these two numbers as well.

Sheer-s 4 and 5: The Great Aten Tempile and Central City

--r -,r,
rrh ihe North Suburb, the published plans of the EES excavations (COA trII) provide fairly fu1l
 outline coverage. The key plan of the whole of the Central City (COA III: pl. I), however, looks
ven- much like an after-thought compiled by Lavers without much ground control and probably
utilising the aerial photographs available at that time. It does include an abbreviated copy of a plan,
made by the Pendlebury expedition, of the Great Aten Temple enclosure and the relationships tf its
intemal features which was published in its original form in Lavers 1934:96.In some places Lavers'
ove rall cityplan can be seen to be seriouslyin error, forinstance, in the placing ofbuilding p41.3 south
of the lGng's House, which does notjut out into the street. Fortunately, sufficient walls and corners
ofthe main buildings still stand to enable their positions to be fixed anew, including buildings R43.1-
3 of the 'south-east Quarter' omitted from Lavers' master plan. However, some of the lesser groups
of buildings (especially the 'Clerks' Houses') are now so denuded or covered with debris that the
Lavers plans have had to be relied on. In addition, several key unexcavated features have been added,
notably the huge well (S42.1) to the north of the 'Police Barracks' and the famous 'Palace'rubbish
heaps in which Petrie found the pnncipal concentration of Mycenaean pottery.
In some areas Pendlebury, although expressing criticism of Petrie's work in his notebooks, did
actually rely on Petrie's results. This happened in four places: (1) the south-west part of the King's
House, whcre the deposits left by Petrie still fill the rooms to this day. Pendlebury intended ro devote
rhree days of his last 1936 season to this area (EES document Mt/1,letter with skerch plan from
Pendlebury to Glanville) but found no time to do so (evident from his field diary). Lavers used petrie's
plan for this part. (2) The same happened with the storerooms to the east of the King's House: only
a few of those of the northern group on the west side, which had been dug and planned by petrie
(.1'894: Pl. XLII.17), were re-excavated by Pendlebury (obvious from the aerial
photogruph, COA
III: Pl. XXIV.1). For the most part Lavers used Petrie's plan. (3) The so-called Coronation Hall of
Smenkhkare at the Great Palace (see below for a note on this designation). The photographs raken
at the time ofPendlebury's work and the present condition of the ground show that the main pillared
hall, apart from the central aisle, was not excavace d (cf . AR III: 95), and that Lavers must have relied
on Petrie's plan for filling in the dense pattern of columns in the main hall (and we rnust bear in mind
the possibility that Petrie also found very useful the plan which Erbkam had made for Lepsius, which
shows exactly the same number and arrangement ofpillars did Petrie actually do much morc than
turn over a few specimen areas?). (4) The 'Painted Pavement' - area of the Great Palace. In a written
submission to the Egypt Exploration Society (EES archive document CF/2 = 10.7) pendlebury
explained that, because Petne had made a detailed plan of part of the room with the painted floor,
both this room and the one immediately to the south (over both of which Petrie had built a brick
room to protect the pavement) could serve as a dumping ground without being recleared and planned
afresh, Petrie's plan being accepted as an adequate record. However, when 'Mr Lavers came to draw
up the plan he discovered that there w-as a discrepan cy of 1 or 11 / zmetres in the total combined length
of these fwo rooms between Petrie's plan and the overall measurement'. The published pl antn COA
III thus uses Petrie's plan at this point but adjusted to fit Lavers' overall measurement.
'We
have observed rwo places within the enclosure ofthe Great Aten Temple where the evidence
does not quite fit the published account. One concerns the plan of the Sanctuary, where alterations
have been necessary to some of the brick wall alignments in the south-east paft of the building
(discussed in,4R IV: chapter 8). It should be noted also that the north-easr corner of the Sanctuary
enclosure was apparently never cleared. Pendlebury and Lavers wrote as if the clearance which they
carried out in 1933 was the first since Petrie-Carter in 1891. Thus Lavers identifies the large dumps
which cover the north-east corner as'Petrie's dump' (COA III: Pl. VII). As we have previously
pointed out (,4R IV: 111) early aenal photographs show that this cannot be correct, and it is now
evident that the dumps, and with them the implication of an almost total clearance of the Sanctuary,
belong to Frankfort's work of 1926, although the published account seems to have been based on
Pendlebury's reclearance.
The other modification is to the layout of the fields of altars or oflering-tables in the front part of
the great enclosure. The southern field is reasonably well documenred. Petrie (1894: 19, Pl. XXXVII)
cleared and mapped a part of it (thinking that the bases were from brick piers); Pendlebury had the
entire field cleared, although only the northernmost row was fully planned as part of the detail plan
of the Gem-pa-Aten shrine (COA III: Pl. III). This incidentally shows (and is confirmed by a clear
aerial photograph) that the rows consisted of forty-six altars and not forty-five, as stated in the
accompanying text (p. 16). In his outline plan of the Central City Lavers also placed a corresponding
field of altars on the north side. The same detail plan ofthe Gem-pa-Aten shows a single base beneath
 :r:rrr on rhe north side of the front hall, but this is too close to the Gem-pa-Aten to be
-.-r3r1 field. InanoteintheCOAIIItext(p 15,n. 1) itisstatedthat'enoughonthat
r:1 : !oo. was recovered to show that the same system obtained'. Despite the presence
:::--- J-metery'in this part, one mrght have expected some trace of brickwork to have
:' -: : = :a;ch of disturbance to show up on the aerial photograph, but there is nothing. For

: r -'': :r..-r-e omitted any signification of a northern fie1d of altars.

we--u [, -' The Main City

'":i

r::r-r- Dlans of buildings derive from the published work of Borchardt (Borchardt and

.- ---.n ,ocating them within the surwey. However, it is also within this part of the site
)-:-,.-i.rs drfrculties arise in compiling a plan of all excavated remains. The reason lies in
: :..---.', a,ion carried out by the Egypt Exploration Sociery in the years 1923-5. The key
, = : ::--:ors (Ner'vton in late 1923 and GrilEth immediately following for early 1924,r2 P Griffith actuall;, began
on 28
-:.::nrfperiodpriortohisdeathtnthe1924/5season),andthearchitects(Emeryfor December 1 923, with the
-,r - t .--.:i:or f92+/5). Theworkcarriedoutinthehousingareaswasveryextensive,but excavationofhouseR4.{ 1 Inthe
=.
Indcx of Burldings at the end of
: ,-:-,.. : =--.-:i. are far from complete. The following notes, and the arrangement of many of
this book Newton's season is. for
: --, . -.: : - -..--:::] on the map sheets, represent the results of a prelimrnary foray into this material. convenience, cited as 1.923, and
'
':-=-
-: . -'-- j.:rrled study will have to be made, but this will be a major project. Two separate Griffith's x 1.924
:L: ' - ' ":1. crt- around the South Expedition House, the other across the wadi to the north,
t.- - - \ *-
-
\=-', : :i.:--.::: l923.bvcontinuingtheexcavationsofPeetrnlg2l,,andtheearlierBorchardt
-. , = - -r :-- - :"-1 ,', .:ds along the western side ofthe broad street here called East Street South (High
-: : '.-::- '.': '- .: .r;ct or. The street then divided. in an obvious way. large areas ofhousing into
-:::.-.--,-,:: --.-l:.n\\eretermedonafewofthedocuments''WestSite'and'EastSite'.Newton
-: :r-. ''',:--::s -n the
'West
Site, and he proceeded in this fashion for some way, eventually
r-: -i . -::' :r'- o:ier to dig the large mound which proved to cover house Q44.1 as well as a
=---. ---,:-=--.:-:-rouses (Nervton 1924a:289-94). Emerycompletedasetofplans (subsequently
"i r: . .. , ,-,:- :-- :-cnh order, C2, CI, E, F, D, and K; for the origin of this lettering system, see
. , -.'. .--- ---;:;: rook over, he began by digging two conspicuous mounds which lay some
:=: -: : -: : ,:: .-t-Q-t+. I . u hich came to bear the numbers R44. I and k44.2. the latter belonging
----. l- . S - :-::
: ' ': ine -\ten, Panehsy. From here he worked the eastern side ofEast Street South
r: -, : . : -:- : . r::lie rh- direction, eventually joining up with the Borchardt excavations. Having
:---:-: :- .-: -: --:os:ed the street to the'West Site and excavated the houses in the gap left by
:-i: '. l:-= -r , rl-: -lt.l2) . Emery planned all the buildings on the East Site (in a north to south
i=: - I'i - \ _ i{. G. though accidentally omrtting house Q45.46). On the West Site, however,
:-i:- r: ,'--t-:::aalongthestreetfront(asplan'W),whereasablockofhouseswhichapparently
:: -- : : . -.-- ',''-r. . and numbered Q45.46-55, seems to have been left without a plan. For the
l- :,-', .-\.-,..c:t:esumedasdirectorandsetashismaintaskthecompletionoftheNorthPalace
l---------:--,.:: ): t:ijnrnLrispreviousseason,but(asT.Whittemore,whotookoverafterNewton's
l--- = , : --,-. -: -','-:i.: u-aiting for extensions to be built to the northern expedition house, 'a small
: : -- - -',: ,>-r-: :::e ::ained u-orkmen from Kuft, annually in the service of the Society, and a few
:-= '.: - -
. 1:-:- :!i::r :ae ne ighbouring village, was put to work on town houses, a stop-gap always
i-,,r,-,. .. E-- -l':-r.=:.h About a week later this group was increased to full strength..., and the
:-:--,. :,=- ----: s::..on li.e. the North Palace) was fairly begun' ('W'hittemore 1926:3). Although
: ;. .--- : -----: ':: :-r:.: rhe tou-n rvork was very limited in extent, infact,in the brieftime involved,

-:- ::q Q15.78-117),in a part ofthe West Site lyingbehind (to the west of) the strip
:.-':: Gnirh had excavate d ln 1923 / 4 . They were planned by Clark (plans U and T /
-:.--:..:n\oremberl924,Newtonhadalsodughousesaroundthesoutherndighouse
- .,--.--:-- - :- :.r,r--rher Griffith project, but this will be discussed
a little later.
I---=:-- ' -=l:ltEnen-andClarkwerereturnedtotheEEsofficesandkepttogetherwithrelated
:;---: ) - ---- ', :-::ts of the North Palace and copies of hieroglyphic texts and paintings. A list was
 ' " ----:--: ll iie then
Secretaq', Miss MaryJonas (archive clocument 3.4).Itlists
46 separate sheets
r: ' . r::i) rncluding 23 plans of excavated houses made by Emery
and Clark, each one identified
::- --::-:--case letter, '.'iz 'A'-'N', and'e'-''w'. A summary iist of all
of them is headed .Sent to

ose who (sic) r.vere enclosed (in) a roil have become

': '':-':-''toiledbecausetheywereinthetinwithoutpaperwrappedroundthem,.Frarkfbrtleftthem
-p.ndlebury's
' ' --r--;;i:-: tor there is a further (and final) reference t"
th.- l" diary (archive document

':-': -{' Sherraii Lunched at S. House. Found Grifiith's pians at last.' His interest in them
may well
'-:-': ::rsin tlom a rvllh by the Egypt Exploration SocieryCommittee to move towards
a publication
- ::: \e$ ton/GritEth work; for in an undated note summarising his plans
r'S for the 1932/3season
':chi''-e. letter rrr/2/12) Pendleburyincluded'Also coordinate rcsu-ks of |924excavations., In
-1:- '-c'1rse of that season (beginning 15 Decembet 1932)
Waddington, with his wife, returned to the
> : '-:l Erpedrtion House and spent some days
there, during which time Mrs Waddingto' found the
:--'::zite head of Nefertiti' prompting an excavation of the immediate
area which continued to 13
- -: ':rn 1933 (Pendlebury 1933b: 630). 'Waddington's reason for being there was partly to do
':'::l:rhing about the Newton/Griflith work, but also ro make an overall plan ofAma.r.". Th. 1"r,.,
'-: iid ke eprng it in his possession until he passe< it to Kemp. It shows .l..rly that he had used
the
:-::' r'ade b.v Clark and Emery for the Newton/Griflth season, but these plans were
not in his
se. Whether they were left behind in Lgypr or
es (alongwith the originals ofall ofthe published
st it seems impossible to establish. The loss of these
eets of artwork is a tragedy, although the contents
oI some are preserwed on glass half-plate negatives (and a few were,
ofcouise, publisheJin preliminary
::p ort:) .

-\'lan'Jonas's list roups according to whether they were made by

Enten'orClark. In ,V, andWwereEmery,s, ande_Uwere Clark,s
'but see the note o
ssociated sheets was the general map of the Main
Waddington rnarked in biue and red crayons the
fiiing letter, adding rather mysteriously a sheet ,X'
robably the same as a sheet T which is not marked
ington's possession, has survived and, taken with
the lists which included the identifiiing numbers ofthe houses
sho'uvn on each sheet, is a valuable check
on rvhat exactly was dug dunng these seasons. we have included
in the Index ofBuiidings (Section
-l) cross-references to MaryJonas's list of plans.
As just noted, although not a single one of the originals of
these plans of houses dug by Newton
and Grifiith has surwived, the losses can to some exrent be remedied. plan
K (e44.1 and.13) was
published in Newton r924a: Pl. XXV; plans A and B (around the
southern dig house) are preserved
on two large glass lantern slides; plans c, D, H, I, K, M, R, and S are
preserwed on harf-plate glass
negatives taken in the field. All ofthese have been used in compiling
our own survey map sheets. For
the mrssing plans (and for part of Grillith's work on the 'west Siie
*lii.h *", seemingly never planned
at all, see above) we have resorted to the means at our disposal
to make up the d.i.i.rr.i.r. 'Where
wall outlines are still to be seen on the desert and are comprehensible,
they have been planned by
ourselves, but a great many of the outlines which appear on the
survey sheet have been'taken from
an aerial photograph from a r%2 flight over the central ciry
on which part of the west Site appears
ln one corner, though with somewhat distorted perspective (the key part
is reproduced here as Fig.
5)' Usually the most that can be obtained is the outline of buildings but little
of their internal detail.
There are also the sketch plans made by Emery and'waddington iJtheir
attempts to create an overall
city plan, but, since they show considerable differences, they are not
very useful. on the survey sheets
the outlines for these houses are drawn broken, with crossed lines to
designate the presence of an
internal pattern of walls where we have no detail at all.
The numbering of these houses poses a separate set ofproblems of its own. 'Where
both Newton
and Grifiith worked alongside the old German excavations, they could
be fairly sure of which 200-
metre grid square they were in, and they continued the numbering ofthe
ho.rr., Further
to the north, however, where they were out on their own with no markers "..ordingly.
for the 200-metre grid
 ft!. '

t4,

N{

rL

.: -.r il photagraph oJ the area of the 192 3-5 excauations around squares Q41, Q15 , R14 , R45 , the so-called East and
. i .,:1 -s;;p,i The photograph was taken on 17 March 1932 by the Royal Ait Force'

.,-
---;ide
them, they were quickly lost. Much of their excavation lay. as already noted, on the eastern
.;:,i esrern si.des of the main outermost north-south road (East Street South fHigh Priest Street] on
u
,. ::l 6) . As the excavations progressed it was essential to provide a designation of some kind for the
r-t- -rSiS. and the expedient was adopted of two sets of temporary labels written on sketch plans, one
. : -- -t ior the east and west sides, thus East Site and West Site. These sketch plans have survived (through
 --' ::-:1 r-::::--r r, lI =.: j,r=o:-- r) :t:-,-: --ol'--,--:::cn-'Si: :uJS-C,aer:.lr i:: j: r.i. -:r,-r:;':,.,-- j; .-=-
---,=-

:: --.-: :,=---- :-:-,--..:. 11: illrlitr2:-,'ilui-,b3:S ar:i ]erte:r:nd the n;i:1'oer\ -,,,.licn i: rn:c t_-. l _
r-::r :---- - )' !::::-- F,l:;i: Ea.: Sr,; ihe sx:rch pian is t)irir- comple re. anci che conr er.ro:.:. .-an :: j--:-=
'------:::-':'::-..:i:cicuin'Fotthe\\-estsrie.hos-er-er.rheskerchmaplsnorcomple,e
Iri....,-:i
:--= ---- -...',:. jll'-i::cnted lhe .rre er shich belong to the 1923lJ dual season.
but behind rh:i:-.o;:r:
::- . ---:-.:. cith:. s-rson Q+5.+6-55 t-hrch \\-ere left unplanned) and those of \egton'.
-,,:r-
: ::.: :-::- 1c: rra:<ed Then came the discor-en'(evidenclv br Ciark at rhe srarr of :he l:l-
-r
'::', -:- ::-=:. il :llocaring proper house numbers, the wrong 200-metre gnd squares na,l betn u.._.
'-=- !-r ' .:'-oni .er of cont-ersion tables t'as created. To judge from those plans u-i:c:: -.-,-::.
:----:--=.:.l-c on ro glass negarives rvhich have survived, Clark added the.o.r.., nurn'bers to ,
-:: ::--:--' ;l-rns. For the rest. it is possible to follou-through rhe double conrersion ---
:lJ ,.-r_r:
--:--r-:: :o il-iost of rhe buildings of the East Site which we have added rn ourline. Fo::ii .r:,_-,-:
- - :-l: - i
r.-i,'-l se ason along the east side
of the West Site, however, once the double conr.-i:j--i:_ :r::
:;::- :::2... il is srrll difficult in many cases to be sure how they are to be allocated. The:e:so:-:. :---;
--- s::1.:;1 benleen the sketch map and our own reconstructed outlines ofbuildrngs s-hich. r.- ;':-::,
:.-:::::on:d. are often compromises based on conflicting sources. The conversion tabies ::a:c._..-
-:i-:rc :o rhe u'estem side of the'West Site, dug by Newton at the beginning of the 1g2+/a s-;_,.-ir.
::..;nablr'because Clark had already spotted the discrepancy, but for this area \\-e har-e nei:ne:;
'-<:i:h :nap nor a final plan, so that there is no means available for distributing the house nuncers
';::J;l s'ere used. We have simply added this block of numbers to the appropriate part of the sr:e
Tre -\lain Ciq' excavations of 1923-5 were not confined to the northern part. A ieries of alr:ck.
-' e :e made on areas around the South Expedition
Flouse. They commenced under Gnfrrh in 191-
-""'ho. in the February ofthatyear,
followedup the workjust describedwith an excavation on rhe rcr::,
.:ie of rhe expedition house, within the adjacent enclosure (M50.9; left unplanned b1'Imen bur _,:::
i'-annedb,vClarkunderthenumberL50.AasplanQ,nowlostandwithouiacopy) .Asthee\c:r,-a::,,_--
:ontrnued northwards, the fwo enigmatic circular constructions were cleared (M50.1- a:J
_>:
:lanned by Emery, plan B, copy surviving on a glass lantern slide; repeated on Clark's plan R . ,:-:
ihen rhe drrection was changed to take in the ground immediately beside the expedidon hou.:
:_
rhe south' which was the garden of the ancient estate in which it lay, followed by a group
ois::r-'
houses lyrng beyond to the west (L50.10_17;Enery plan A, copy surviving on
a glass lanrem s,i;e
Finally a series of houses in square M50 and extending into N50 *rs drrg, ,, *.I as probabir.
:,::
isoiated houses M49.I and L50.5 and .7 (which may be the same as numbers L50.6
and .8 in rhe le-d
notes), but, as Griffith himselfadmitted (1924:303), 'time failed to complete this task',
and rher- q e re
all ieft unplanned. The following November saw Newton back in the South Expedition
House. He
began by clearing more houses lying a little further to the north, in the ground rmmediately bel.ond
the Limits ofPeet'sworkof 1927 in square N49 (aplan V, now missing and without copy, was made).:,.
before moving further north still, to the so-called West Site, described above. He also found
time
dunng this November to plan some of the buildings cleared late in Griffith's season (plan R, around
the rwo circular structures, and pian S, the isolated houses M49.I and L50.5 and .Tf copies of both
survive on half-plate glass negatives). However, quite a number were left unplanned and have
remained so.
As with the East and West Sites, we have used the surwiving photographic copies of the now
lost
maps and added in outlines of those houses which were never planned. For the latter, the
block of
house numbers used is known, but we have no means ofknowing how they were allocated,
and they
have been placed in a box as a group.
Comments are due also on a small group of houses excavated close to the edge of the cultivation.
Two ofthem [49.I and.2) were dug in 1911by the Borchardt expedition but dL not appear on their
general survey maps, although their positions are marked on their small-scale site map^(Ri
cke 1932:
LageplanA). Neither is visible today. The position of J49.1is given by the 1922 aeiitphotographs,
butnotJ49.2; forthiswehavesimplyuseditspositionrelative toJ4g.lontheGermanrit.-"p.1.h.
other fwo houses [49'3 and K49.I) were dug some years ago by the Egyptian Antiquities
Organisation as part of an operation to test ground wanted by the villagers for culiivation. Outline
plans were made by Kemp in 1'977, and their positions fixed by triangulation to the base line.
Sheer 8: The Sourh Suburb

,-,-, =: -i. ::::. rhar u'e have termed the South Suburb (sheet 8), that is, that pan of the cin-south of
:--= '=:::"ion rhar mns beside the South Expedrtion House, only eight houses (including that of the
',
---:-: \:.,i: har-e ever been excavated, and in a1l cases the published plans have been transferred to
:--. :--r=: .ir::t. rvithout modifi.cation.

line is
-1-. '.::=i.r' cescribed, berween El-Hagg Qandit and Et-Tell a ready made permanent base
:- - ,--:. j :r the line of electricity pylons, the positions of which are marked on the map sheets. The
:.:. -, :: ::-re ancienr crq', the edge of cultivation, and other features in map sheets 4 to 8 were fixed
: , :=-:.:---; :o rhem. At the Great Aten Temple the line of pylons runs into the village of Et-Teli
-,- :-:. r::e:e. pror-idi.ng no further service to archaeological surveying. For the 1978 season a
.::--:,- r... t:!e line. some 280 m long, was set out on the desert using a suryeyor's chain. It ran from
: .\--:Crn roapointneartotherearoftheGreatAtenTempleenclosureandprovidedacommon
:..-, : - : :lo:.rng the positions of key features on the initial drafts of map sheets 1 to 4, including the
,'.- - ..-- Cr.. . rre North Palace, the North Suburb, and the whole length of the edge of cultivation,
-:,i r ,r-"-:.iousmodernfeatures.Fromlg85onwardsthisareawasre-surveyedbyatraversedcontrol
.,-:--- :.-: r:lp of the EDM loaned to the expedition.

l., - -:-: ,i\D SPOT HEIGHTS

-j, =::::ciarion of the underlying topography of Amarna is an important element in understanding

--.. ,.-.'.-:: ofrhe city andits individualbuildings. A normal contoursurveywhich tookin alllandscape
: -.-* to convey this, however, because ofthe prominence ofexcavators'
=. : rrrenrh- visible would fail
'
,: -t3r:i s-luch are frequently the dominant element. The contouring done by Garfi deliberately
- -----, .:oll heaps and aims instead to record the general trend of slope formed
partly by the natural
--: :---: .u*ce and partly, in the large unexcavated areas of the crty, by the rise and fall of the
'Where spoil heaps cover
,- - ---,:l,oEical soil cover as it moves from building to open space. excavators'
t
t: - . ::t- !s ot rhe site the contours have had to be, to some extent, interpolated by means ofthe careful
- --,.:,'=non of the character ofthe ground, an aspect of the work to which considerable attention
was

T:l- rring of absolute values to spot heights and contours has been a problem which has not been
..,-.---:c:ih-solved. It is caused by the fact that no ofhcial bench marks seem to exist on the east bank
-When
-:- ,---. ::don. we decided to proceed to full contouring ofthe survey, the only reliable modern
'--=: -.',-rch \\-e \\rere able to obtain which included trianguiation points with heights in metres above
,., -.-. :- \r.'as a set ofsheets from the 1:10,000 Survey ofEgypt series madetn1926.1a The triangulation Ia Thevervsame onesurel:- i-:-il
:: : .
for drawing his exten.ic::
: -, :r:: ::- nor bench marks; they had only temporary existence, and so nothing survives now to mark
map with the 200-m.,r. - j -- -
:---- :,..:l.ior1s on the ground. It was possible, however, to narrow down the position of one ofthem \tored in the EFS arrl-ir':.
: ,-,---..r are a of desert sufliciently flat to provide a level which must be very close to the value written
,
- --- : r- .ta. The tnangulation point in question is on the plateau above and immediately to the west
-- :--: r\-orkmen's Vil1age. This part of the plateau is crossed by an
ancient desert trackway which
-, :::-,-.':: oit rhe map and bifurcates beside the point marked as a triangulation point with a value of
- I I :l The trackway and its bifurcation can easily be found today and cross a piece ofhard flat desert.
' -, -'rrlitsr-alueof79.69,becamethedatumpointinitiallyfortheWorkrnen'sViliageexcavations
,:- .- j '-:-, 7979 and then for the Amarna sur-vey. Garfi took a series of levels from this point down
----:-- : r: narn city and established values for the concrete bases for all of the electricity
pylons which
_--:- ,-::o-rsh the area of the survey, as well for other useful points, and from these the levelling and
-- r,:,- --:nq of the map sheets proceeded. A list of the heights of the most useful set of concrete bases

., ----..:: in Appendix 1.
 -- -'' r-::---:-^-- >j.-:i \',-:-i r":-l acir-anced did se acquire the set of 1:10.000 maps of the area
' ' ---:_ l" :-:- Re.elrch Instirure of Sadd el Aah side ltlects descnbed earlier. Agrirr rro ofncial
: - -----.r-\j .:: ::.-oqilzed on rhe east bank. and it is virtually impossible to isolate with any useful
- : --- :: : :::::.-cll rhe numerous spo l heights rvith r,vhich the ground is sprinkled. Because ofa
policy
. ::'--:--: l-=;].' archaeologrcallr' 'busy' areas the contours oithese maps have only a very limited
-:.-::: -- :-.'::-;p ,'\rrh our ou-n.'where they occur, some discrepancies are apparent.
- -. ::::- :n:-DS are cor-ered rvith hundreds of spot heights; these formed the basis of the contours.
- ''
- ' = .r'' smalL number ofcase s rvere spot heights retained on the finished maps, where we wanted
, , --: --:-, :-' ihe rull range of height values present on
the ground.
': -r 1::1:oirant to note that the lie of the land, and the direction of the siopes, are not indicated by
'::o:iapirrcpositioningofthecontourheightvalues.Thedirectionofrtp., mustbeascertained
:r:-:::ns ro the height values of the closest contour lines.

-:: ,-: i-RI\l PHOTOGRAPHS

):'pire sel'eral attempts over the years, it proved not to be possible to obtain modern aerial
:- c;oetaphic coverage suitable for photogrammetric mapping. Four sets of old photographs
were,
-ltr"\ i\-er. acquired' The most generally useful was one taken during 1922 (after the
clnclusion of
lr-ooiier-'s season) for the Surwey ofEgypt at 1:20,000
and shortly afterwards used to construct an aerial
:':otogtaphic mosaic of the whoie Amarna plain. The Egypt Exploration Society purchased
a small-
s:ale (1:50,000) copy of the mosaic (which surwives) but not, iiwould r..-, .op^i.,
of the original
ese did to the Gennan Archaeological
slylent t the Egypt Exploration Society
hs are c now have considerable archival
disappe I or have been seriously modified. In particular, they
rre the chiefsource for the large area ofhousing at the southem end ofthe
city (in the South Suburb,
sheet 8) which has now been largely destroyed br extensions to the modern
cemetery.
A second set of vertical aerial phocographs (together with a few oblique views), not
of the whole
Amarna plain but only of the cify, was taken in March 1932by the Royal
Air Force (used in CO,4
III: Pl. CX; Pendlebury I933c:92; Pendlebury 1935b: Pls. I, II;Aldred 1968: Fig. 113;Bille-de-Mot
1966:P\' 26; Pendlebury 1933b: 632,Fig.9 is a mosaic of the whole ciry). A Jet
of fuzzy copies of
some of the verticals is held by the British Museum, and copies of these
were kindly supplied to the
expedition bv Peter Clayton. In addition, the EES archive has a very clear set ofonginal
piirr,, of,h...
verticals and some obiiques from the same mission. It is the corner of one of
these *iri.h provides
valuable cover for the 1923/4 West Site excavations (Fig. 5; Fig. 13 is another).
Subsequently
Pendlebury obtained a set of large vertical aenal photographs taken in 1935, after
the compielion of
the 1934/5 season, which covered the North Suburb, the Great Aten Temple, and
the Central City.
The arrangements for having them taken are ref,erred to first in a no te inJEA (p endiebury
I934a: 136) ,
concerning the end of the 1933/4 season: 'Meanwhile Mr. Sherrnan has stayed
at Amarna to tie the
plan of the Central City accurately on to that of the South City and to superwise
the new air surwey
which is being carried out by the Royal Egyptian Air Force, thanks to the kindness
ofMajor-General
Sir Charlton Spinks'' (If Sherman did carry out some surweying, no results
which can be identified
have survived). The air survey was, in fact, delayed for a year, for the report
on the following season
also refers to it, thus (Pendlebury 1935a: 129):'After the season was finiJred
we received a visit from
the Egyptian Army Air Force, who, in conjunction with the Antiquities
Department, are execuring
a fine series of aerial surveys of ancient sites.'The photographs,"ei.,
in the end, taken at sorne trme
after early February 1935,by which time a iarge part of the ciearance of the Great palace
had been
accomplished. The most southerly two were include din COAIII: Pl. XXIV,
and the set (apart from
the most southeriy, which covered the Central Ciqr) remained in the EES archive.
They are very
sharp and detailed.
The fourth set was obtained by Kemp in I97 6, after lengthy negotiations with the British
Ministry
of Defence, from negatives held in an archive atJARIC (UK) ai Royal Air Force Brampron,
near
Huntingdon. This represents the results of four overlapping aeriai runs by a reconnaissince
plane
made in Aprtl 1947 . The original negatives were iater destroyed in a fire, but not
before a second set
 -.-..:=:r- :. had been prepared. This second set is ofpoor qualiry, with many blemishes on each liame.
.,,t ::' ::oved to be less useful than rvas hoped. On areas of flat desert, such as that covered by the
.::-:-:--: ,-:n-. rhev also shorv httle of the archaeological detail because the photographs were taken at
----:::-. Over rhe rough terrain of the high desert to the south and north of Amarna, however. thev
-- ):-,r-,-. n'Luch more and become extremely valuable.
S.-,':::l oirhe 1922 photographs, and a few of those taken in the 1930s, are ofprime importance
t.'-:-S rn derails ofthe housing areas which have neverbeen excavated in modern times, and certain
- --:

- .:,. ,r- :he Central City. We began by transferring their information to drafts of the map sheets using
, : -'.., :=.r- epidiascope to project images from the photographs enlarged to the same scale as the map
.,--=.:' T:ls process does, however, result in a loss of clariry and is prone to image distortion. As an
:,.-:::rjn-ni. therefore, negatives of a few ofthese pictures were scanned by a high-resolution scanner
,. --r- Urr-ersin- of Cambndge, Institute of Astrononry, and converted to digitized format on
- .::-::r.- rape The tapes were then transferred to the remote-sensing laboratory of the Universiry
C.::rlrdge . Department of Geography. There Dr Bernard Devereux, assisted sometimes by T.
I.i=', ,-. ::r-ote d much time to processing the imagery using the GEMS system.ls This achieved two
. ---i): r:'ilr'. br'locating points on the photographs which corresponded with points on our survey
: :::) . J3omernc correction was applied to the whole image to remove any distortion which might
, : :.-s-:r trom the aircraft and/or its camera not having been positioned to achieve an exactly
','. , --.- :notograph; secondly, because the image had been reduce d to pixels, it was possibie to alter
,-- :.-.nce berneen light and shade and so enhance the contrast. The end-result was a series of
: --':--::rhs at the scale of 1:1000 which, though somewhat fuzzy at this level of enlargement,
:,.'.'.-r:iess gave us more detail and accuracy. One of these, crucial to the mapping of the South
:-- -:r. is reproduced here (Fig. 1a).

-: :].-E OF CULTIVATION

- = rr::. usuallr'very sharply defined, where the cultivated land ceases and the desert takes over is
. :.--=_'r: :lement for desert-edge archaeological sites in Egypt, not only on account ofits visual impact
: -. - .-.o tbr the implications for future archaeological work. The reclamation of dese rt for cultivation
: ::- j:arrs u-ith the removal of suface debns and the levelling of the ground in the course ofwhich
.:-- .:o-ogical remains are removed unless they possess deep foundations (as with the Great Palace
-:- :-r: C entral City) or fill a hollow in the ground (as appears to be the case with the area around house
l: I -. 'usr to the north of El-Hagg Qandil). One of the tasks completed during the 1,977-8 survey
','
=: r:3 planning of the edge of cultivation as it then was in relation to the base line. This has been
:, . j ir the frnal survey maps without modi{ication. Each year the line does generally vary somewhat,
i
.:-- !-1-ir sheets 1-3 (North City to North Suburb) extensive areas of the desert have been reclaime d

- - : : *l:rr arion in the last few years, across a broad tract which extends continuously from the edge
::. \orth Ciry to the modem extension to Et-Tell village.
-r :ldition to the 1977-8 line an attempt has also been made to plot the line as it was rn1.922fron
:.r: j-r of aerial photographs taken that year. Sometimes the line is very clear, but, where, for example,
, --r:i-.3 of trees stands on land receiving only occasional watering, the edge becomes indistinct. In
. --..'piaces also the edge of cultivation at other times has been marked, where it is relevant to the
.- - . -,:ologr' of the site.
C::lr- sheet no. 1 covers the full width of the cultivation as far as the river bank. The river line is
j=:---.'ed trom aerial photographs . The 1,922 aerial photographs have also been used here to delimit
'rne
::-- of an earlier river bank which is, in fact, still visible as a sharp change in the level of the fields
:.-: r.\'as particular\ visible in these old photographs on account of the disposition of trees.

. -:-_:\G BUILDINGS AND ZONES OF THE CITY

I: :: -. 3l- convenient to have a series of agreed names for the larger buildings and pnncipal zones of
:::. --in'. A series of names grew up during the time that the earlier expeditions worked there, many
of rhem rhe creations of the Frankfort and Pendlebury teams. On the map sheets we have retained
those that seemed to us to be the most useful and also not too fanciful, and have added a few more.
The most important innovation concerns the pnncipal area or areas of housing rvhich run south of
the Central City. It is not homogeneous as an archaeological site. In particular the southernmost area
of housing, which runs south from the depression beside the South Expedition House and is now
panly iost beneath the modern cemetery of El-Hagg Qandil, gives the impression of having been,
Like the North Suburb, a late addition to the ciry. The very large estates at its southern end also give
it a distinctive character. We have therefore called this the South Suburb. To the cily berween here
and the Cenrral Ciry we have given the deliberately neutral term Main Ciry, distinguishing a North
and South part on either side of the broad blank strip where a wadi has washed away most of the
houses. We have felt this to be an improvement on the use of the term South Suburb for everything
south ofthe Central City. The division of the Main City into a northern and southern part also rests
on more than the accidental course of a wadi, for the western side of Main City North is occupied
byimportantbuildings which are, in effect, a continuation ofCentral City. They didnot extendsouth
of the wadi.
Below the level ofarea names comes one ofdesignations for individual buildings. Overwhelmingly
this has been by a numbering system, but there is a very strong and natural temptation to go beyond
this and to give names to buildings. In rare cases we know an actual ancient name, as with the 'House
of Life' and 'Bureau for the Correspondence of Pharaoh' in the Central Ciry (sheet 5), although what
these names signify in terms of the ways that these buildings were used is another matter. But, for the
most part, the names that appear on archaeological maps are the creations of the archaeologists who
have worked at Amarna, and have probably arisen from the needs, in daily working conversation,
for a convenient means ofreference which has gradually become indispensable and is eventually fixed
in pnnt. Sometimes, when the principal element is simply a topographic reference, as with North
Palace, little harm is done to objectivity, although purists would be right to object that the use of the
word Palace here involves an assumption of function (although the English word 'palace' is itself of
broad application). However, many ofthe terms that have been created are wholly based on a modern
interpretation of function and here a fine line exists between reasonable deduction from clear
evidence and speculative interpretations derived from the artistic evidence or from intuition. The
King's House, the barracks, the bakeries, and the Aten Temples are amongst the former; the Hall of
Foreign Tribute in the Great Aten Temple and the North and South Harems in the Great Palace
amongst the latter. The Coronation Hall ofSmenkhkare attached to the south end ofthe Great Palace
illustrates particularly well the dilemmas ofnaming. Aside from some ambiguity as to the provenance
of the stamped bricks which bore the name of Smenkhkare, the term 'Coronation' is too speculative
to withstand scrutiny, but even the term 'Hall' has been challenged in favour of 'Vineyard'
(Traunecker and Traunecker 1984-5) , although this attractive possibility derives so little support from
the meagre record of excavation (see below) that we decided to retain the term Smenkhkare Hall.
The selection ofnames that has been added to the sui:vey sheets consists ofthose that are innocuous
(like King's House) or seem the more plausible. The decision to omit some (like the North and South
Harems, which are misleading terms) draws the criticism that they should, nevertheless, continue to
merit recognition because they are already an established part of the published literature and will
continue to be referred to in this way (perhaps with an added 'so-called'). And, indeed, we have no
substitutes to offer for them. In the end their omission comes down to squeamishmess and a wish not
to perpetuate whimsical interpretations. On the other hand, there are bound to be those who object
to even those names that we have retained or (in a few cases) created. In the notes on the individual
survey sheets which follow this section a fewjustificatory remarks willbe made on each ofthe retained
names.
Previous excavators also succumbed to the temptation to introduce street names. For the north-
south thoroughfares it is reasonable to do this; for their lines can be clearly followed. We have tried
to systematize this, recognizing Royal Road (a modern term) as the broad and almost straight avenue
that linked the North Ciry to the Central Ciry. South ofthe Great Palace, however, it seems to have
turned towards the river, and then turned again to run parallel with the river, in modern times shortly
disappearing beneath the cultivation. The road that continued its line southwards is, in places, much
narrower, and it seems more realistic not to extend the name Royal Road to it. We have introduced
the term Main Road instead. Further to the east the Main City was divided into unequal strips by
tlvo more thoroughfares, which we have called West Road South and East Road South, the latter
-r.-. -::S rl.on cal1ed Hrgh Priest Street br-Borchardt, after the house of pnest Pau-ah s luch srands
be e

:-- -: The element 'South' has been introduced to distrnguish them from East Road North and'West
F-i,.i \onh s-hich cross rhe North Suburb. Here a northward continuation of East Road North
=--:l,. :he u-adi seems not to have been developed by the time that the ciry was abandoned, although
F::::<rbn and Pendlebury used the term East Road for the gap behind houses U33.1'1 and .1'4 (COA
.^ P. II .

F:a:,<ton and Pendlebury also introduced names for trrvo of the narrow east-west streets in the
'W'e
\ r- -:r Suburb: Srraight Street and Greek Street. considered carefully whether to follow them and
-:-::riuce a namrng scheme for east-west streets (andperhaps for neighbourhoods orblocks ofhouses)
:'.'-: :he n'hole ciry but decided against it, superficiaily attractive though it is. The reason is that none
:: :re housing areas either in the north or the south can rca77y be said to have possessed a regular set
:: .:::et. at all. other than the north-south thoroughfares already considered. Gaps were left berween
,.-:::e houses as they were built, and, as the process ofinfilling continued, these must have developed
:--:L- :-s:rlarh' used (though not always regularly routed) lines of access into blocks ofhouses from the
:-: -e-ourh thoroughfares. In a few cases, as with Frankfort's Straight Street and Pendlebury's Greek
>::;::. a rarher sirnilar one in Main Ciry North running across squares P47 and on into 046 and O47 ,
:-=-: :lorher in Main Ciry South across squares N48, O4B, and O49, these access gaps remained fairly
,::=-:.:r and even, and came to be proper east-west streets. Others, however, began in this way but
: =:=::j our in the middle of a housing area, whilst access to the heart of other neighbourhoods relied
-
--.- ::::uitous pathways, sometimes with a choice of route. Short
of a mad proliferation of names for
-=--:- ltnle gap between houses it would be necessary to select for names only those which were more
.::.::-like than others, and this seemed to us unsatisfactorily arbitrary. Even in the case of Greek Street
:.--..,'ards the north end ofsquare T36) we cannot be sure that it did not come to a cul-de-sacterminati.on
!;t!-:ih- afier passing into the area now lost to cultivation. In the case of the one area where a clear
:r!r-\\-esr set ofstreets is evident (the Central Ciry), Pendlebury did not take up the naming challenge,
:.ri neither have we.
The numbering system for buildings begun by the Borchardt expedition has ser-ved very well, and
i:ien-er to be maintained. We have added a few more, to deal with two situations. One concerns
::.; Central City where the pottery survey has, for the purpose of comparison, already included the
:.rr-n- records from the Pendlebury work in the computedzed database. In order to make all the
-.:ious records compatible it has been necessary to ascribe numbers to some of the large buildings
:c rhich Pendlebury gave only names (listed in Appendix 3); we have not extended this practice to
:::: iarge buildings in the north in sheets L and2, although it would be logical to do so. The o1d pottery
:;--ords trom here have not yet been computerized. In addition, we have given a few numbers to large
::::xcavated buildings or distinct areas in and to the south of the Central City for ease of reference
n-he n describing them. One should be cautious in doing this, however, in order not to hinder a logical
=r::lption of numbers when eventually these areas are excavated.

h:::::--::on ofa ful1 report,
c:-:r=:r ::: account of the wall
[::::<-: :]om the North
[n=-:::: P''ace . has been under
rr ::: .l::e sears A limited
c--;.::-=- --: of some of the
Er.-- - :;r rhii. and also for the
n--: r*-.-:'.- r-o ume, was carri d
l e
Nr:: -:]-
3. THE MAP SHEETS REVIE\VED
The following notes are intended as a general guide to the content ofthe sheets and as an explanadon
of certain annotations on them. The opportuniry has also been taken to discuss a number of poinrs
relevant to the general layout of the city where the published accounts of excavations do not speak
for themselves.
Sheet 1 contains the whole of the North City. This now occupies a triangular wedge of desen
beNveen the cultivated river bank and the clifii, which rise to a height of some I25 mabove the plarn
below and bnng to the site an atmosphere that can seem dramatic and refreshing to some and broodinE
and claustrophobic to others and is certainly different from any other part of the city. The buildings.
both domestic and ofiicial, have spread to the limits of potential occupation of this space and so rise
for some way up the steeply-angled lower slopes beneath the clifli proper. Those who lived in rhe
houses mighthave feltparticularlyshutin, since to the westtheyfacedthe forbiddingwall ofthe Norrh
Riverside Palace and its likely northward extensions, but this would have been in contrast to those
who occupied the palace and whose sensation ofplace would quite likely have been formed br- the
river frontage.
The cliffitseif is of almost horizontally bedded limestone. At least towards the top rhe limestone
is fairly compact and hard and suitable for extraction as building stone. In antiquiry (the Amarna
Period?) a narrow gallery quarry was opened along the upper edge from which blocks ryere cur.
transportation down to the plain being probably from behind, by a route which descends through
ar,etea of quite widespread ancient and modern quarrying to the wadi which emerges some \\-a\-ro
the east, berween rock tombs nos. 2 and3. During the 1970s and 1980s (and before) the same or
a similar) bed of limestone lying further to the north, at the edge of map sheet 1, was rvorked br
blasting with dynamite and allowing the dislodged stone to tumble down towards the river rvhere
it was then taken aboard ferry boats. This created a conspicuous area ofwhite scree, visible on a clear
day from Tuna el-Gebel on the west bank. This industry has now been removed into the deserr ra\ines
to the east. The quality ofstone also attracted an attempt at making a tomb in a vertical rock face above
a precipitous ascent behind the North Administrative Building. No more than a doorway was cur.
and it was not included in the Davies numbering series (but noted by Timme I9I7:22, with refi.
to illus.; also marked in RTII: Pl. I, inset). Further along the same vertical face to the north a rorv
of niches has been cut into the rock at some date, a feat requiring access by rope from above.
A mass of ancient, cemented scree lies against the base of the cliffs and forms the sloping ground
on which the easternmost of the North City houses were built. About half-way along the city edge
(north-west corner ofsqu arcT23) a deep but very rough shaft has been cut down into the scree where
it is banked against the rock face. Its irregular funnel-like mouth measures some 6 m along the face.
and spoil from diggingit out is still heaped alongside. This gives it a relatively recent look; one suspecrs
a search for treasure prompted by a natural fissure, and it is perhaps no coincidence that, a little
further
down the slope, an area of ancient debris has been methodically cleared and the spoil heaped around
the sides.
TheEgyptExplorationSocietycarriedoutaseriesofexcavationsintheNorthCiryin 1924/5and
the period 1930-2 (together with two days at the end of 7936),none ofthem published in more than
a preliminary for:rn (for aerial photographs taken in March 1932, see Pendlebury 1935b: pl.
L 1; Bille-
de-Mot 1966: PL.26).16 In the Amarna Period the principal edifice must have been the North
Riverside Palace, ofwhich only the edge survives, consisting ofthe double wall with outside towers,
a prominent stone-framed gateway, and various ancillary structures. Ofwhat was probably the main
palace building that stood within, only a small corner was picked up by the 1931/2 excavarion, in
square S24. How far to the south the double wall and its protected buildings extended is an intnguing
question. One might consider that the residential part ofthe North City matched in extent the palace
across the road, so that the North Riverside Palace ended opposite the southern edge of the houses
and the little stone building beside T26.1. Flowever, a sketch map made by Lepsius ln 1843 (Denk.
I: 63, reproduced here as Fig. 6), on the basis apparently ofpaced distances and compass bearings,
 t
T
t

1t
t

5. Skexlt map of the nofihern ytart oJ Amarna made in the 1840s, being part of K.R. Itpsius, Denktnaeler
aus Aegypten

tnd Aethiopien (Beilin 1849-59) l: Abth. 5j.

shorvs an embankment running southwards in continuation of the North Riverside Palace, past the
tront of the Norrh Palace, and as far as the modern village of Et-Tell. Although this sketch map is
accompaniedby a scale, if one attempts to fit it over a modern map ofthe same scale it is immediately
the North
ob*-ious thatit suffers frommajornorth-south compression, whichbrings Et-Tell opposite
betvveen the principal sites. Even so, the North
Suburb and shortens all other distances that intervene
point, one can at least say that the
Palace has the nght dimensions, and, if this is taken as a reference
embankment ran past it until it arrived opposite the North Suburb, which is still a considerable
distance. The Lepsius text provides a transcription of the relevant field notes (Denk. TextII:126-7),
but behind the constant and cryptic references to compass bearings lies no useful information other
clean that Lepsius saw the feature as 'an old wall' or an 'embankment'.
 NORTH CITY
NORTH TB TIVE BUILDING
OUTLINE USAGE MAP

t7-7777v coniectural
l//,//,/,4 palace buildings
f ---:f residential areas

200 metres

approx. line of
Lepsius embankment
_'\

7 . Outline plan oJ the North City showing broad features discussed in the text '

Timme noted nothing conspicuous as this, although his attention seems to have lapsed slightly
as

in this part, in that he failed to see the clear rectangular outline of the North Palace which appears
on the Lepsius sketch map. Its position can be determined on Timme's map from a depression
containing a palm tree (remarked in Timrne 1917 :22) ,which must have been the conspicuous
'pool'
depressioi in the middle of the rear enclosure of the North Palace in which palm trees still grow.
-tound it Timme saw and surveyed an embankment (which was simply part of the North Palace),
bur also marked as ancient ruins ground to the north and south, running almost continuously to the
\onh Ciry. Yet wherever the desert survives today to north and south of the Palace (and to the east
1. well), it is devoid entirely of ancient remains, although in part the surface has been dug into for
narural materials. About halfway bervveen the North Palace and the North City he marks a small
cnound. but, allowing for slight discrepancies in distances, this is likely to be the site ofthe Great Ramp
lie our map sheet 2). The Lepsius sketch and note remain, therefore, the only testimony to the
eiscence of the embankment, unless foundations survive beneath the modern fields.
-\ to rvhat it was, the context suggests two possibilities. One is that it was a continuation of the
ros ered doubie wall. This would, however, make the North Riverside Palace into a building of
s--arceh'believable length. The other is that it was simply Royal Road carried on an embankment,
perhaps berween brick revetments. The ground between the North City and the Central City forms
a broad shallow dip created by an extensive drainage pattern from wadis which emerge from the cliffs

benind. An embankment would have helped Royal Road to maintain an even course. Some support
ir ahis i.dea is provided by the Great Ramp (see below).
Irr rhe opposite direction the Pendlebury excavations did not resolve how far north the North
Riverside Palace, or at least the towered wall, extended. If the wall turned a corner westwards in
lquare T24 at the point where the excavations stopped, it would have brought it very close to the
:nain inrier building, the north-east corner of which was located in square 524. On the other hand,
-jre sround to the north-west which runs along the edge of the cultivation bears only a seemingly
.;en- rhin cover ofsherds and disturbed earth, not suggestive of the presence of a significant building,
a-r;rough Royal Road itself continues for some way and marks out a space which is, in effect, a
condnuarion of the palace ground. Further excavation might well resolve this point. Then, as the
,iesen edge approaches the North Administrative Building, a low but straight escarpment runs for a
iiance ofabout 60 m before turning at right-angles towards the river. The corner ofthe inner palace
ru:lding in square S24, which is part of the North Riverside Palace, is built against a similar shallow
::-r'; irrto the desert which has left a similar low escarpment. trt is reasonable to infer, therefore, that
; large brick building stood here which ran out towards the river across ground which is now under
,-ravarion, Moreover, the alignment of this escarpment is virtually identical to the lower and most
-:rpressive part of the North Administrative Building itself (these relationships are sketched out in
F:s. - .
The impression that one forms of the general scale and situation of the North Riverside Palace
j-:ends to a great extent on how wide one imagines it to have been. If the tantalising corner of a
.: e;nin_elr- large building in square S24 really is the corner ofthe main palace building, then one should
--c.r--.iderit running a good 100 m towards the river. As to whether foundations might survive beneath
-ic modem fields, it should be noted that Timme's plan shows that, at the time of his survey, the line
.r- rne riverbank approached to within 50 m ofthe line ofthe great wall. Ifthis is correct it considerably
:lduces the chances of survival for foundations over a significant distance.
The \ orth Ciry is clearly bisected by a broad road which is the northern end ofRoyal Road, with
: v.rdrh ot-betrveen about 25 and 30 rn along the preserved length ofthe palace boundary wall. Beyond
-ii. ro rhe north the direction of the street frontage of the houses turns westwards by a Gw degrees
=J the road quickly narrows, probably to an original width ofberween 10 and 15 m,
perhaps because
:r. c:remonial function of linking the North City with the Central Ciry really ended at the Great
G-ierrav and it rvas now serving primanly as a means of access to the further houses. This northward
:oninuarion ofRoyal Road can be followed as a clear stretch of ground for about 130 m, to the edge
..: a .rnall rl-adi. It clear\ did not cross to the other side, for there the ground is fully occupied by an
:r:remeh' large house, the compound wail of which, running westwards to the edge of the
-cr.onienr s'hich probably marks the rear of another major building, is plainly visible. If this house
."r-- accessible to the road by means of an entrance on the south side, the only remaining building
-.: .rsriicance beyond it was the North Administrative Building, which rvas probably an integral part
-.: ihe Falace complex and did not require independent access from the residentialpart of the ciry.
-{ recondary means of access to the housing area from the south was a narrower street (10 m wide)
-;'.'r;h ran behirid the service buildings (stables?) U25.2a-c at the back of the main housing block.
Be',-ond the nonh-east corner ofIJ24.4 its course is not directly visible, but the apparent disposition
-.: house mounds over the ground to the north would allow for a continuation which turned a few
ieg;:es rouards the rvest. Access to the houses lying most distant from Royal Road would have
presumably been by the kind of informal network conunon to other residential parts of Amarna.
Across Royai Road from the North Riverside Palace stood a group ofvery large houses and estates,
the irnportance of their owners signalled by the fact that two of them had possessed private chapels
built of stone. These houses were excavated by Pendlebury tn 1930-2. The largest of them, U25.1.1 ,
rvas used to provide the foundations for the North Expedition House of the Egypt Exploration
Sociery. Construction began early in 1.924,foll-owing an excavation of the house and the making of
a plan by Clark, and was resumed late in the same year at the comnencement ofthe following season.
In the 1930s it was considerably augmented by Pendlebury, following a more extensive excavation,
and is the setting for the popular account of dig life, Nefertiti liued here, by Mary Chubb (1954). The
house is now badly ruined.
House U25.1.1 and its surrounding estate are part of a larger set of houses, estates, and subsidiary
buildings which together form a block laid out with a greater degree of regularity and homogeneiry
than was normal in the residential parts of Amarna. The excavation of the north-eastern corner of
this block (to the east ofhouseslJ24.2 and .3) was never completed, although the outline of a major
rear wall shows through the thick covering of debris. The northern edge is provided by the north
wall of the estate of houselJ24.3. The plan is taken from the original excavation plan, but the real
line ofthe north wall differs by a few degrees and is marked on the map sheet by a broken line. Further
north still and one is in unexcavated ground, but the outlines ofanother large house, with conspicuous
ridges marking lengths of enclosure wall, are discernible and also show a change in the general
alignment ofstreet and buildings. The reason for the unusual unity oflayout could be that the owners
were all connected to the private court of the king and were, therefore, a more ciosely-knit
communiry which moved to Amarna en bloc at the outset of the establishment of the city. The
Pendlebury excavations seem to have uncovered no evidence for the identities of lhe owners, but
presumably they are to be sought in the owners of the Amarna rock tombs. The only other private
stone chapel yet uncovered at Amarna belonged to the 'First Servitor of the Aten' Panehsy, owner
of tomb no. 6 and of two houses, one beside the Great Aten Temple (T41.1), the other just south
of the Central City (k44.2).Ifwe take this as a guide, a prominent candidate forU25.1I orU25.7
(the rwo houses with stone chapels) would be the High Priest ('Chief of seers of the Aten') Merira,
owner oftomb no. 3. One must be cautious in making rules of this kind, however. The house ofthe
High Priest ('Chief of seers of the Aten') Pawah (O49.1) in Main City South, although large (but
probably built near the end of the Amarna Period, to judge from its location, see the notes on maP
sheet 7), had only a modest brick chapei. This is one ofmany signs that patterns ofloyalry and degrees
of wealth at Amarna did not combine in a simple hierarchy descending from the king and cannot,
therefore, be read from the archaeological record in a straightforward way. Thus Panehsy's closeness
to the king's religious scheme was not matched in the location of his house.
The row of large houses evidently continued along the frontage to Royal Road for some way to
the north and eventually terminated in a house which is now a very conspicuous ruin in square S23.
Behind this row, the ground shows all the signs ofburied small- and me dium-sized houses interspersed
with rubbish mounds which climb the low slopes at the foot of the overshadowing cliffs. A sample
ofwhat this area contains was dug by Pendlebury (J25.1,, .4-6, .20a-e). A11 of this ground has been
much turned over in the past. As noted above, one small area just down the siope from the shaft cut
in the rock had been more methodically cleared befor e the 1.922 aerial photographic survey, the spoil
piled around the sides in linear mounds.
The North Ciry ends to the north with a large building dug by Whittemore in 1925. The cliffs
are now approaching the river closely, leaving insufiicient flat ground, and this obliged the builders
to construct on a series of terraces, partly built up and partly cut in the rock. The result would have
been impressive. The central feature was a court lined along one side with magazines with, at its head,
a ramped platforrn such as is known on other sites associated with large storage and administrative
blocks. In the expedition records the building is sometimes referred to as the 'North Sanctuary', but
this was droppedforthepreliminaryrcportrnJBA (Whittemore1.926 10-12), where anon-comrnittal
description is given of it as 'a great building which gave monumental significance to the north
entrance' of the city. Frankfort and Pendlebury saw it as a 'Customs House' (Frankfort 1'927a:209
COAII:Pl.\ CaA III: 1;Pendlebury 1935b: 45). The term'customs'implies a form of taxation
on the internal movement of goods which is not otherwise attested and is, therefore, best avoided,
although it does draw attention to one obvious characteristic of the building. It is one of the few to
have survived at Amarna which was close to the likely ancient waterfront; whatever it stored could
-,': :-::- -rloaded almost directly into it. Indeed, no proper front to the building was discovered
II,----:--:::o:.-'s excavations; a further court or other constructions, now lost through erosion, is
.:---: ,:r: rls could have taken the building directly to a quay.'We have used the term North
i:-:-,-:.-:-,-: Building, bearing in mind that administration in ancient Egypt was intimately
;----. .: --.-l:h commodities. It could well be, in fact, a handsome version of the large buildings in
: a:: :..' =rl -\'lain Cities to which we have given the term provisioning compounds (see the notes
::--: ),--.r:) 5 and 6) and where not only storage but manufacture took place. It should be noted
----: -- :--:.-,-:tonthatalargekilnorfurnacewasfoundinthesouth-westerncornerareaoftheNorth
: . :--.- : B urlding.
l:--=--,
f-. - .::
-=- ,:or-e . the lower central portion of the building- including the court with rock pedestal
:-:--: -:r a ijkelr'large building to the south-east, the back wall ofwhich would have run in front
,-,

----- - - -" -):rrirment in square S23. We should probably imagine, therefore, that the northern end
---= \ - -- C:ir as marked by a succession oflarge buildings
u which together formed a single huge
'--. ---:---:-:r srretching along the river front for at least 700 m upstream from the North
L-:-, --=::-. : Burlding. The buildings that we see are the rear parts only. This would explain the
:; -::--::::rlunicationsouthwardsfromthepreserwedpartoftheNorthAdministrativeBuilding.
-- -'.:.=:,:;d element of the palace complex, traflic went by a route closer to the river bank.
- --. - : - :: -\nama, the Central Ciry and Main Ciry North, contains a range of distinctly different
-----=- r :.- r: '*'nch u'ill be summarized in the notes on map sheets
5 and 6. The North City, insofar
::-: - .-=- _ ::a- iiom its surviving
buildings, was much more specialized. It was dominated by a palace
=-::: =: -::.: :n a token way) but lacked a significant temple; the palace was accompanied (in the
-- :: , t,: -"..\onh Administrative Building) by what is probably an example of the provisioning
-'-lrch are so conspicuous in the centre; it was ser-ved by a densely built residential area
=-: , --=,
- ,---- -, :-:=:::r trom others at Amarna only in the unusual degree of coherence and regulariry of
: - : =, l: oilarge houses. The overall character of the North City, isolated yet provided with
:j:--- -, --3inrnunication with the rest of the city, makes good sense if rt is seen as the main
.--: --: -. :-r: :or al famrly and for an intimate circle of court officiais.
Sheet I --,:-.-e:. an area of flat desert where the cultivation has made considerable inroads. Indeed,
L-: ----: ,----::) '.\:re finished, it has taken over much of the remaining ground within the frame of
:.: - --,:,- ::on the long embankment mentioned above as having been recorded by Lepsius,
-.---- - ---: --,r-e run across the sheet in front ofthe North Palace, the only ancient remains known

--j .-:. .:- ::r- \orth Palace and Great Ramp. Both stood quite isolated in respect of such of the
:, .--- -r t:!:n as has survived; no traces of subsidiary structures or rubbish deposits have been
l:-. :=,:-:: rshr rnodern disturbance to the surface.
.---= -- ==: ?-,=p n-as another structure dug by Whittemore, in December l.924, and thought at
r _---: : : : = . -anan- or set ofstorehouses (Whittemo re 1,926:9-1,9,P1. V.2). Despite the provision
. ::r:- --::c :cung s-alls on both sides it appears to have been a broad, solidly-built ramp which
- :, = .:
',-: ^iom rhe desert on a gentle slope in the direction of the Lepsius embankment with
''---- : --'=' :::suinablr'intimately related, although the westernmost preserwed part of the ramp
'
-'- ;. . . =: --, --r i rlr t m arvay (to judge from the Lepsius sketch). Indeed, the form of the ramp helps

#est east
=D CB A2 A
mud-brick frags
buried late-Foman grcund surface
-,/. yellow clay

gravel

tumb led mud-brick lrags

c 400 metres
late-Boman horizon: ash beds, sherds
red brick frags, stone wall
 -' /-
to Late tfoman sett
and Chulch at North "t'
--'/,"/ / NORTH SUBURB

a /t / \
t'i.'#,ill
ar+i

,-=l 'ru]',

/ l:r
:l:<
/ .t::

') /t:1
t
i:
r/::+(//t

KEY \ \\t\-', r))'

!J-.*. " -:-:' 'i:':=
\'orrll edge of cultivation
n: _-.-. ...:. j:.r.,'..iriol __ _ mod€rn road \)Yffi, --=-,=_.\
1$$\ =<
3:*,:''" .:,., Chistiatt . Late Roman f ind riifyJ
t": :-.'.,.a:t:i',:ttir'dent o 6th cent coin
-- ::." i, .t -i :utd hef

'- ::: : J...tt'-tdrtal \ -/

---
-- metres
;Y:::e.-' -;*: CO-1' il
:u- elucidate the nature of the embankment. If the latter were a southwards continuation of the great
il beside the North Riverside Palace, the ramp would presumably have served as the beginning
-"-,

cia Sndge over Royal Road, descending again into the ground behind the wall. However, the bridge
"r"-ould have served no purpose more useful than would a gateway in the wall for, unlike the bridge
l: ihe Central Ciry (map sheet 5), it was not connecting two buildings. If the embankment was a
,:.uses-ar- bearing Royal Road then the ramp would have served as a means of access from the desert.
\one of rhis expiains why a ramp should have been placed factnga blank stretch of desert, although
-r .joes point towards quite a sensible route which skirts the clifls and boundary stelae and heads
ier\\-ardS rhe entrance to the valley which leads to the Royal Tomb. Also left unresolved is how the
\crur Palace would have communicated with an embanked Royal Road'
Tae \ orth Palace is the most complete and easily intelligible ofall ofthe royal buildings at Amarna.
trr r-"-rr completeiy excavated during two seasons by the Egypt Exploration Sociefy , in 1923 (Newton)
17
.ni 1921/5 (Newton and Whittemore). Again it awaits a full publication.lT The building combines Much ofthe preparadon:o: --:::; -'
-r;rhi-n a r-ery forrnallayout a variery ofelements suitable for ceremony, diversion, and accommodation: now done. includrng " j:-'".:
study of the pain::r.:..
:. :h:one-room suite, a solar shrine, garden and animal houses, a domestic suite with bedroom and =-=-:

-l;:rloom. incorporates the re;ulr. -': ; : ---

servants' quarters, and what might be a section containing kitchen and workshop. -:-i-i
recent re-suner oi-r]:: : -
I:--;nbed stone fragments show that it was intended for a royal lady and that, at the time that it was
:.:rndoned, this person was the eldest royal daughter, Meritaten (cf. Reeves 1988) .
The notifications in the lower right-hand area of the map sheet are explained in the notes to map
.::er 3. rvhere they recur in the overlap.
Sheet 3 contains the whole North Suburb, a basically residential area almost entirely excavated,
=:r;r br- the Egypt Exploration Society, between 1,926 and 1931. For the southern sector we have
,;.r:d rhe Line of cultivation as it was in 1935, derived from an aerial photograph of that year, because
:-l: nark the actual limits to which excavation could be extended at that time.
The suburb lay across a shallow wadi which is now partially occupied by an extension to the
in the Amarna Period but the floor of its main
=--iein r-rllage ofEt-Tell. The wadi was in existence
;:r:.rrel rhen 1ay at a lower level than it does today. This is known because the actual south bank and
= .:r-,:J area of the ancient wadi floor were uncovered
during the 1929 excavations along with two
s;:, ofbnck steps which linked the two levels (beside houses T35.3 and .6; cf. COA II: Pl. XXI.5,
: l[o u-hat extent houses spread across the wadi cannot easily be ascertained. In the case of the large
-";:-;: -,r--;rich crosses the Main City (map sheet 7), islands of house remains survive on the wadi bed
: -: :r; superficial geology there is somewhat different. In that case rain-wash has, since the Amarna
?.:--ri. 'coured the bed unevenly, leaving patches of the original site. In the case of the Et-Tell wadi,
:-- :he orher hand, the principal effect of rain-wash since the Amarna Penod has been deposition,
:- --,:nablv because the torrents have carried a much greater load of sediment from a wider drainage
-- . "...'-;uch ilcludes in its sources the wadi-system which runs back to the Royal Tomb " The modern
::--=111 aler ditch at Et-Tell has been cut into these sediments, and its sides show that no buried
-----:Fa:ron suface of the Amarna Period survives away from the south bank, although lenses of
. :trelred mud-brick fragments are visible (Figs. 8 andg). On the north, the ancient houses of
--:I]
::-. \onh Suburb rvere not built up to the wadi edge, as they were to the south, for quite a wide strip
-: ^-::J de sert separates them from where the northern edge of the soft wadi deposits must be. There
'r:en some \vater erosion across this strip but probably insufficient to remove buildings on a
-:-,
.:qrricanr scale, for buildings themselves tend to deflect the course of shallow floodwaters. Closer
:-r ::ii :r.ver the modern ditch has cut through a widespread though thin occupation layer of the late
R-.:lran."earlr- Christi.an Period, including a low wall of stone. This is evidence in itself that the wadi
-:'. ::iied ro deposit sediment rather than erode. Following the completion ofthe ditch the villagers
; - F .-T:il hai-e dug pits i.nto the bottom, so exposing even deeper sediments, but nowhere have they
=::-^i ri;::ed an earlier suface ofthe Amarna
Period. The ground can hardly have been left unmarked
J-:--:-_: ile drne rhat the city was occupied. Either the wadi floor sloped down much more then than
-: jc:. ios- ,s-rrh dramatic implications for the height of the inundation in the Amarna Period, for
:,r-:- ::: no signs either at this <iepth ofthe intrusion of dark Nile alluvium), or one has to admit that,
t-r!t-3n rhe ^\marna Period and the late Roman/early Christian period, erosion was the stronger
.::c;. i: 'hus cannor be ruled out that the two parts of the North Suburb merged in the ground now
:.::.=:i .he modern fields, but the separation ofthe surwiving area ofthe North Suburb into two palts
-:::L-brrl\-ongrnal. This. too, \vas the vierv of the excavators (Frankfort 1929a:1'44; COAII: I).
^ i i13 routh. the Norrh Suburb also ended at the edge of a wadi, but a much smaller
one. Scatters
ot sherds and other debris on the far side imply that the North Suburb extended a littie way further
bevond irs southem edge, but perhaps as only a scatter of small houses and rubbish dumps.
The southem part ofthe North Suburb bears some resemblance to the Main Ciry. It emerges from
beneath the cultivation as a densely built-up housing area which had, to judge from the excavators'
spoil heaps, begun to create significant deposits ofrubbish. To the east of'West Street, and out beyond
f Srr..t, the housrng rs less dense, with good building space not yet used. It is noticeable, on walking
"rt
over this part, how little archaeological debris there generally is, a sign probably that it had not been
occupied-for long before abandonment. The same applies to the separate northern group ofbuildings
(mainly in square U33) which produced, when excavated, clear direct evidence of having been left
unfinished. It was in one of the houses in this part (U33.8) that the unfinished stone lintel of a large
doorway was found lyng waiting to be lifted into posltron'
-We
must assume that the city extended across the ground which is now beneath the modern fields
and the village of Et-Tell. There must be quite a significant change in the local superdcial geoiogy
beneath the latter. The hard desert, a mixture of compacted sands, gravel beds, stony deposits, and
marl, stretches in front of the Great Aten Temple and beneath Et-Tell village, to emerge along the
present waterfront to the west of the village. The centre of Et-Tell is actually built on a rise which
seems to be natural. North ofEt-Tell, however, the ancient ground level must have dropped
rapidly
to the floor of the wadi, which, even in late Roman/ear\ Christian times, was significantly lower
rhan it is today. How the river bank continued northwards from here whether along a line similar
we cannot
- yet tell.
to its present one, or perhaps with a slight embayment
-
The core of the North Suburb was thus the south-western area, the part which lay to the west of
'West
Street North, and which could have stretched at least as far again westwards over the site ofthe
modem fields and village. The decreasing density ofhousing and of amounts of archaeological deposit
(i.e. ancient rubbish) on" moves eastwards also characterizes the Main City (map sheets 6 andf .
", \\as
and discussion in the notes thereon), although there the amount of debris in the western part
evidently much greater than in the corresponding part of the North Suburb. If density ofboth krnds
ofbuildings and deposit is even a rough guide to length of occupation (and, as yet, the pofierr-
-
-survey which the expedition is undertaking has not begun to try to find an objective means ot-
q,r"rriification), one would conclude that the south-western part ofthe North Suburb developed' sav.
midway through the city's life, with the remainder, both that part lying to the east and the isolated
area of special character to the north, probably appearing at the very end.
The pattern and rate of development was probably closely connected to the appearance of roads
and other means of access. The two broad north-south thoroughfares (East Road North and-West
Road North) bear a general resemblance to those which served the Main Ciry and raise the same
question as to how they originated. They do not look as though they were marked out beforehand
part of a premeditated urban design. From the beginning there must have been constant trafic
between the various pafts of the ciry, not least because of the dispersal throughout the entire length
"-s
'We know next to nothing about urban organisation
ofthe ciry ofsenior ofEcials and their households.
parts of
and attitudes in ancient Egypt, but one can imagine that people travelling from the remoter
the city, particularly after sundown, would have found some ofthe city neighbourhoods unwelcoming
(not leasl through the attacks of watch-dogs), or under the supervision of watchmen, or even closed
'We cannot even be sure that Royal Road was open for use as a pubhc
altogether to outsiders.
higliway, and even if it were, it is particularly easy to imagine that travel through the Central Cin-
would have been supervised at all times and tight\ controlled at night. This is one implication ofthe
open layout and abse.rce of an enclosing wall for the scribal and archival area in the Central
City. There
for some people to have preferred, as they do now at Amarna.
may have been, therefore, good reason
to i"k. a slight\ longer desert route if they were travelling berween relatively distant destinations in
the city, ioot. which skirted round the city to the east, behind the Great Aten Temple. Fig. 10
" could have
contains a suggestion, and it can be no more than that, as to how such a track or tracks
run, and how they might have influenced the layout of the residential areas.
If one imagines a track coming into use to link the inhabitants of the North City to a variety of
destinations (the eastern parts of Central City and Main City, Kom el-Nana and other southern
locations, and even perhaps the Workmen's Village), then the layout of the North Suburb makes
sense. The track would have had a slightly winding course as it negotiated irregularities
in the desert
surface, perhaps sometimes bifurcating and then rejoining. Such a line, passing behind the North
palace and Great Aten Temple enclosure, would, where it passed by the North Suburb, correspond
 'tll
.j\ It
.f1 NoRrH PALAcE li DESERT ALTARS
\, +
,e )v

l'\
i+ t"i \
\ 1t tt'
"tll'
ii\ "',

l'+
itll
it
1+
NORTH SUBURB
i1
L+
j,t

il
n i'l l\
"rr,*t'o' "'tt 1.

1t
1+
I

I
I

lctrY
PrAlru
r
I

\1
I
:.c
i\. l+

KOM EL-NANA

J
early Phase \--) fi al
 ro 'West Roacl North. The North Suburb grew as far as its line and then paused. When, later on, a
fresh set of houses was started (T36.1.-4, and .11 in the south,T33.4 and U33.15 in the north) their
owners respected this track and built along the far side of its line.
The layout of Main Ciry shows that the inhabitants did not possess a very specific sense of what
should be an appropriate distance between roads, or, in other words, how wide a neighbourhood
shouid be. It varies between a maximum of 330 m at the south end of Main Ciry North to only 80
m at the north end of South Suburb. What determined, then, the line of an outer road; more
specifically, what purpose in the North Suburb was served by East Road? One can postulate that,
dir,-r.rg the fLrst ph"r. of .tpansion of the North Suburb, the southern side of the main wadi
which
divided the North Suburb, because it was a natural pathway, attracted the line of houses and other
buildings which crosses square U35. Then came a signifi.cant wave ofnewcomers, a group ofleading
families and their retainers and dependants. The former chose a series of plots in an L-shaped
alignment, fitting into the existing development and using the north-south track (-West Road North)
-"
bo.r.rd"ry for their new neighbourhood. The smaller houses arranged themselves behind in
",
something approaching a defensive formation which enclosed a neighbourhood space, looking
ourwards to the east and the south (where the south wadi oflered a useful route of communication).
As a result, so one imagines, passing traffic began to use a new route to the east of the new houses,
so creatingEast Road. A further and final influx ofnew families repeated the process, the
larger houses
(V36.5, .9, and.1,2) taking ground along the further side of East Road and the rest arranging
themselves to the rear and to the south, again taking advantage of the southern wadi. Had the ciry
continued in existence, East Road in this part of the North Suburb may not have been destined to
last for long, however. By the time that the city was abandoned, houses were being built across
it at
the north end, along the wadi edge, and a sherd patch suggests that people were starting to throw
rubbish there. It may even alreadyhave become a virtual cul-de-sac.
These remarks apply to the areas south of the principal wadi. On the north the rate of development
was di{ferent. A thinly-developed block in squares T33 and T34 respected the line of West Road,
oneofthepnncipalestates (T33.9-t2,andanunfi.nishedcompoundT33.l3onthenorth)seemingly
taking advantage of it since it left a broad open tract of ground to its west. Subsequently two
pafti;larly large and carefully laid-out estates (U33.11 and .15) were placed on the opposite side of
lhe ,o"d, their entrances opening on to it. This regulanty was followed by the houses built behind,
but to what extent the gap that separates them from the rear of the two large enclosures was really
an equivalent to the other stretches of north-south thoroughfare is questionable. A northward
continuation of East Road, as it appears south of the wadi, would take it behind all of the houses in
the northern part of the North Suburb.
Both of the survey sheets 2 and 3 mark along the western edge the approximate position of stone
foundations excavated by the Egyptian Antiquities Organisation in 1962. The results of this work
were mentioned, and its location pointed out to Kemp during the initial sulvey of the area Ln1978.
Itisverytemptingtomakeanidentifi.cationwithsomethingdescribedin COAIII:247:'Anwnsuspected
series of concrete foundations was brought to light by the floods of the summer o{ 1'934
in square
R.32, i.e. in the north-west corner of the North Suburb, close to the cultivation and some distance
from any other building. This has not been excavated, but in plan it seems from a superficial inspection
to conform to the "pavilion" type exemplified inO.42.I and2... and that at the entrance to the Great
Temple'. The description of the location does not agree with the square designation (R32) but is to
be preferred because it fits the topography ofthe site revealed by conternporary aerial photographs
(*h..."u R32 is in the field$. The description also fits the position ofthe 1962 excavations. Although
we may never know much more about this structure, not least because the site is now under the fields,
its very existence points to a greater variery of constructions that may have lain closer
to Royal Road.
brick walls, as if this had
It is also noteworthy that the author makes no mention of accompanying
been an isolated stone building not attached to anything larger'
The northern part of the North Suburb also contained significant remains from the late Roman/
,::,- :_:.;:t alt)' :houling ear\ Clrristian period (rraces of which are also visible in the side of the drainage ditch to the south,
.1 a:t': .rJ'kS, U,hich
figs. 8 and 9, and K emp 1979:6-7 ,PL f . Principal amongst themwas alarge cemetery' The Egyptian
'. :.:-.t: -'ileJ:, ao|ld Antiquities Organisation excavated part ofit in L962,dne outer limit ofwhich is marked on the sur-vey
sh.et, ,rrd the inner limit of which was said to be represented by the stone structure mentioned
in
.: :::. :.;.,'ottt o,i the
the last paragraph. More ofit had been encountered (but left alone) by Pendlebury across the northern
:- .'.: :t::ible nnin
:- .-i,- -.lldl1'li, p"rt ofih" No.ttt Suburb (COAII:66-7,71; Pendlebury 1.931,a:239). When Lepsius crossed the
North Suburb rn1843, he described the whole site as: 'alarge cemetery with human bones', its tombs
'dugintothesand,alsomummyclothandindeedwoollensliearound'(Denk.TextII:126).Pendlebury
also excavated a solidly constructed tower of this period built over house T34.3. These remains
(summarized in Fig. 9) could mark the edge of a substantial village of this period in the area, which
*'ould then probably have been connected to the Christian communiry of the same period which
had occupied some of the northern rock tombs which lie due east and had converted the tomb of
Panehsy (no. 6) into a church (Jones 199I).
Sheet 4 is dominated by the enclosure ofthe Great Aten Temple, a good part ofwhich lies beneath
rhe expanding modern cemetery of Et-Tell, and more of which has been dug over in recent times
by the Egyptian Antiquities Organisation in the course of making archaeological soundings. It lies
on the edge of an elevated area of hard desert which has held back the cultivation. Very little of the
brick enclosure wall itself has ever been cleared and studied. Those parts which have are shown as
solid black on the map, whilst the remainder, which is mostly visible as rwo parallel ridges probably
representing the core ofthe brick wali and the edge oflong sections which have collapsed outwards,
rve have plotted as parallel broken lines. The excavation report (COA III: 6) gives the thickness of
che wali as 2.50 m, and, in addition to the gateway provided by building 539.2, mentions rvvo
entrances other than the main one between the pylons at the front: one along the south side, close
ro the sculpture dump (see below), and one at the mid-point in the east wall, thus on the temple axis,
rvhich was provided with a brick ramp. Towards the rear ofthe enclosure are two shallow trenches,
one running north-south and interrupted by the Sanctuary building, the other running east-west.
They are so shallow as to be barely visible at ground level, but they do show up clearly on the 1935
aerial photographs (cf. COA III: Pl. XXIV.2). Frankfort and Pendlebury (COA III: 5, 6, 25) drew
attention to them and interpreted them as foundation trenches for a first-phase enclosure wall, which
is reasonable, given that the first-phase walls in the Small Aten Temple have left simrlar very shallow
rrenches. The isolated house T39.1, which stood against the northern enclosure wall towards its
eastern end, was, according to Frankfort, built during phase one and had to be modified when the
erpanded temenos was constructed (COA III: 25).
Two stone buildings, the Gem-pa-Aten (with associated structures) at the front and the Sanctuary
ar the back, formed the principal parts ofthe Great Aten Temple and were thoroughly cleared by the
Egvpt Exploration Society in 7926 and 1.933 and published in COA III: Chapter IL The remainder
of rhe interior ofthis huge area, which measures 7 60 x27 0 m, and much ofthe enclosure wall received
scant attention. It is true that a good part of the enclosed space seems to have been empry, but there
are. nonetheless, several isolated structures as well as the striking field of brick altars which occupies
rhe south-west corner, but these were very summarily reported.
Before attempting a commentary on the overall temple layout a few notes will be provided on
oddities which are probably unconnected with the temple as it was in its heyday:
Against the south-west corner of the Sanctuary lies a group of rectangular spaces de{ined by low
*rar-el ridges. Pendlebury seems to have accepted that theywere ancient and called them'Corn Floors'
rr-here grain would have been heaped in the open (a photograph is given in COA III: Pl. XXV.5).
A second series, also noted by Pendlebury (in his section on the 'Dump'), occupies the space between
the southern enclosure wall ofthe Great Aten Temple and the building S40.1. Although it is true that
the surface of the desert can retain the marks of disturbance for remarkably long periods of time, the
ridges are so sharp as to raise doubts as to their antiquity. A third set is visible on the 1935 aerial
photographs immediately beside the village of Et-Tell (see below) on ground now built over. The
f,ppearance of all ofthem resembles modern plots of ground laid out for cultivation. They are perhaps
ro be explained as a piece ofopportunism following a downpour ofrain which left patches ofsaturated
sround on which a single crop could be grown.
Another curiosity was also commented upon by Pendlebury GOA III: 11): 'a kind of pathway
.ome 3 metres wide of rough desert stones which seem to have been swept here from the whole of
:he remenos. This line runs from a point on the south temenos wall some 60 m from its west end to
:he south-west corner of the Sanctuary. The ordinary custom was to sweep the stones away from a
road to form little ridges on either side. It is possible that it was laid so that the rollers on which the
hearr statues and stelae were transported should not sink into the soft sand.' The line ofthis pathway
r. marked on the survey sheet as well as shorter lengths which converge on it towards the Sanctuary
end. These latter certainly add to the impression that they are connected with the Sanctuary, and
Pendlebury's explanation is quite attractive (if, for'rollers', one substitutes'sledges'). It nright be
 PANEHSY

G
\--l
of cattle,
"Flemains
hqrn arid bones,
crapped up everywhere"
Superintendant
of the cattle
of the Aten
i- --l
t*t JS:2
tt
tt
L--J
SANCTUARY
perhaps over pottery dump:
150 stone "beer jars"
of f ering-tables
"incense" bowls
offering-stands
ORTH ENTRANCE miniature vessels
PAVILION

S40.1 : cattle
building ?

I
butcheis'yard
(tet,hering-stonesl
J
+
S:9

---/-'--/
dump of bread
mould s
crow d space ?
JS:13+13

BAKERY

dense bread
moulds
GEM.PA-ATEN
perhaps oVeI r---- - JS:9
750 ston€
of f et'ing-ta,b le s

920 bric

JS; stamped jar sealing

L__*_
(87.5% of them wine)

11 , Sugened fundional diuisions within the Creat Aten Temple and relationships ruith adjoining adjacent buildings.

thought odd that a construction track would be left visible across the temple enclosure, but this would
not have been the case if a pavement of mud had been spread over the open space of the temple
enclosure (as were probably spread over the large open spaces in the Small Aten Temple and al Kom
el-Nana). The stone pathway would only have reappeared once the mud had rveathered away.
Although no formally marked internal division of the Great Aten Temple enclosure is visible , the
distnbution of elements across the whole space creates three distinct zones of roughly equal size , two
 the Sanctuary zotte andthe Gem-pa-Aten offering-zone separated by 240
-: :---:-:r ceremonial -
-
:-- :: .e:mingly empty ground (Fig. 11).
-:r Sanctu ^ry ,orri comprizes the stone Sanctuary building itself, a range of structures in ftont,
. j r::::.:: formal entrance to the enclosure on the north side, and buildings and a temple waste heap
- -:,-i: ihe temple enclosure on the south. The structures
in front are nos. S40.4, S40'5, and S40'6'
:.r : -:.r e a].ready noted that Lavers had prepared a general map of the Great Aten Temple enclosure
,---::--,'r rr as not published separately rn COA III and is no longer extant. A small-scale reproduction

-, --- -- -.'. :r-er. given in Lav..r1934: 96 and this adds a few details, mostly around 540.4, which
we have
for L8
Lavers himself ma\ --, :: --'- .
:.---: -c:ared into the survey sheet plan.18 The structure S40.4 is the gypsum-concrete foundation
which eopied them lrotn : :. '.' -. :

, :-=i.orm rvith ramp, which might have supported a large inscnbed purple qtatlzrte stela original of CJark. p.;: ' :.
? -:--I:'cun thought couid have been the benben-stone as it is shown
in several of the Amarna rock rrorthern pan of An:.r:. ' -' - ...
::::-':, a. part ofthe Aten-temple complex. The plan ofthe foundations implies a rectangular platforrn include. rhe Great -\:-:. -- - '.:--
design. However, Pendlebury interpreted the southern di revedlcd bv Frankt'o- ' . l-
-.-=- ::1np ro the south, a common Amarna
-,

sca:on. Under lorr nt:-:--::- -::

:.: =:lion as intended for the substructure of a seated colossus of the king (also shown in the tomb the details arcund S-
:

'what appears to have been a brick ramp from the level

,-
=:--' and took as the proper approach ramp visible. see Frankibr: ')-'. .
_ ,,-: Jeserr' (COAffi: f il *hi.h lay on the east. This latter might more plausibly be interpreted XLIV.
,, :..- rcundation for a temporary mud-brick ramp used for the raising of the great stone stela and
, -:..:,-lenrlr- demolished to a level where the foundation
could be covered by a mud floor'Just such
, , :.--::ion \\-as encountered in front of the solar altars in the north-\ rest corner of the North Palace
Pl. xxvIID. Pendlebury
. -,_r-: :n rhe photograph, Newton1.924a: Pl. XXIX.1, and on the plan,
--. -::.:ribes a feature .1or. to the south-west of the platform rn'hrch we have added toThey the surwey
consist
, : ri =oi1 Lavers' original plan: 'traces ofplaster on a level with the surface ofthe desert'
projections of 4 metres towards
- .-- .:.r-g-est line 3 metres long and half a metre wide with three
: r: :r,-i;r The purpose of these is unknown.'
is a brick enclosure which, on the basis of
- -:= second structure in front of the Sanctuary, S40.5,
_ --: so pierced tetb.ering stones'found on the sudace, Pendlebury identified as a'Butchers'
-.-:t --::nother element shown in Aten-temple scenes in the Amarna tombs. The 193"5 aerial
seems to show few traces of excavation, probably no more than represent the
: . .: clearing
- - -aph
---,,.=,-o.n.rs. Ifthisidentificatroniscorrect,itcreatesanargumentforincludingwithintheSanctuary
_ - r -.:r- or r\\ro buildings which stood just outside the temple
enclosure wall on the south, T41 . 1
:.,-:-r:;: of Panehsy) ,r.d p.rh"p, S40.1, with access to the temple through a gateway located
_ :, .. ::.- rhem (see below). Panehsy, as is well known, was
not only 'First Servitor of the Aten in the
..----:-. !r: e srate) of the Aten in Akhetaten', but also 'superintendant of the cattle of the Aten' (and
., : :re His ciry house lay in the Main Ciry (survey sheet 6, house R44'2) but he also
rrar-rary).
:.,=,,:jrhancisomeresidencebesidetheGreatAtenTemple(T41.1).Thefrnalreportonthishouse
_- - - ill: l6-7) provides no evidence relevant to Panehsy's
latter function (although the grounds
: :-, -tou.e evidently contained a bead facto\, to judge from the quandq/ of unworked
carnelian
.,-: :,=:r pieces di.scovered), but Frankfort's prelirninary accollnt (1927a 21'2) adds the following
-,.,.., R..nr.insofcattie,hornsandbones,croppedupeverywhere,anditthusseemsprobablethat
. :): :roms ser-ved for the preparation ofthe sacrificial animals, for which Panehsy, as superintendant
:-r= ::-rtle of the Aten, ,esponsible.' It might be added that a'large number of flints' (for use
*r,
-:- _--,,-ren'?) rvas foundin one tfPrnehry's storerooms (cf. the list of
finds, COAIII:32). Asfor
. - -:::rg S+(1.1 (COr4 III: 28-9), there is a case to be made for interpreting it as a large cattle shed,
to how it appears on
- ,._ _. _-::r rhe absence of tethering-stones is an obvious objection. With regard
:.-: :.-r,-e\-rheet, the broken line along the west side marks what appears, from the 1935 aerial
: -- - :: -a:h. to be the correct line of the wall, Lavers' plan making the whole building rectili'near'
,: . -::i o; the many buildings that deserve to be studied again'
called the 'Arab tomb' after an isolated modern
- --: :-ird numbered structure, S40.6, Pendlebury
- - ,.. ..-.-h:ch stood rhere. It is another brick enclosure, again probably only perfunctorily examined,
-,r. ,-.r>:-:n diyision of which yielded many mud jar sealings. Outside the temple wa1l the onginal
:--:r: ---iremple materials (see below) contained an even greater number ofjar sealings, as weli as
,::--:--- ,ar labels (COAIII:221.), and it is tempting to link the two sites on this basis'
- -: :..rmp.lust mentioned lay to the south of the Sanctuary, just outside the main enclosure wali'
.: .::::r. no\\ as an area of broken stonework, much turned over, and is marked'sculpture dump'
- -:r: ru.1-e \-sheet. It was not only a dump ofwaste material from the temple cult for it had contained
. ;uantin of broken pieces ofAmarna statuary. Wilkinson marks it on his sketch plan with the
-,:::-
note 'a statue' written over it (Fig. 3). In 1892 it was turned over by Howard Carter dunng Petrie's
season of work. Petrie's description of what was found (1894: 18-19; also Williams 1931) includes
'portions of seventeen limestone statues of king and queen' which appear to have been mostly life-
sized or larger as well as 'about a ton of fragments'. Other material by implication found in this dump
were a few pieces of 'colossal standing figures of Akhenaten, in soft limestone' and portions of
offenng-tables which had been carried by statues. Pendlebury re-excavated tt rn 1936 (COA III: 11,
i3) and found a variet-y offurther statue fragments including more ofthe pieces ofcolossi in bad local
limestone. FIe also provides a note on the stratigraphy ofthe dump, that it had been formed only after
a metre and a halfof drift sand had accuntulated against the south face ofthe enclosure wall. This seems

to confirm the general irnpression that the dump has given, that it resulted from the dragging of the
statues from the Sanctuary once the demolition ofthe Sanctuary had commenced after the end ofthe
Amar-na Period. This is valuabie evidence for the demolition process for it reveals a degree of
separation ofthe two principal stone elements in the Sanctuary, the wall blocks and the statuary. The
former must have been taken down and offthe site directly (though leaving many fragments littering
the site, cf. COAIIL: 12,19), whitst the latter were mostly dragged off to the nearest point outside
the wall on the south, either through an existing gateway or a fresh breach, although some statues
."vere smashed actually in the Sanctuary QOA III 12 lists eighteen fragments of life-sized royal
statues)"
Not everything in the dump can, however, be explained in this way. Petrie's description ends with
'many pans of red pottery, containing resin melted in and pieces of charcoai. These appear to be the
pans used for burning incense in the temple, which were thrown aside when done with'. These must
be the same as Pendlebury's rype IV.5, a version of 'bowls with outcurving rims' ofwhich he records
finding'several, some containing a resinous material' (COA III: 20). Pendlebury also lists a rype
XV .22, 'very many, some with a nicked band round the base', and many miniature clay vases (COA
III: 13, Pl. LXII.5). The site was examined again in 1986 as part of the Amarna pottery survey and
designated Area 1.2 (,4R IV: 11,6-21). A more objective assessment of the sherd cover confirmed the
importance of bowls, which frequently showed signs of burning and'incense' on the interiors, but
also brought out that the most common vessels had been unsiipped closed fonns in which 'beer jars'
were conspicuous. Sherds from taltr offering-stands were also present and, as noted above, Pendlebury
recovered alarge number ofmudjar sealings and hieratic jar labels. The pottery in the dump implies
that there had been access to this ground from within the temple during the Amarna Period for it is
unlikely that anyone rvould have troubled to carry them there as part ofthe demolition process. There
does, indeed, seem to have been an opening in the wall towards the western end of the dump, which
is probably the gate to which Pendlebury refers as being 130 or 150 m west of the official residence
of Panehsy (COA III: 5, 23, 26) "

The o{ficial house of Panehsy, the dump of temple waste, and probably building S40.1 seem to
belong to the Sanctuary zone of the Great Aten Temple and provide an important source of
archaeoiogical evidence, by no means exhausted, f,or the nature ofthe offering-cuit to the Aten. Part
of the ground outside the northern wall of the temple enclosure also probably fell within the ambit
oftemple activiry. Towards the eastern end the temple enclosure wall is straddled by a square building,
539.2. The excavator, Frankfort, called it the'Hall of Foreign Tribute', identifying it with the
seerningly open-sided raised pavilion depicted in two of the Amarna rock tombs (nos. 1 and 2) as the
focus ofthis great ceremony ofAkhenaten's year 12 (FrankfortL927a 213-16; COAIII:22-5).The
resernblance is not, however, very ciose not least in the factthat 539.2 seems to have been pnmanly
an enclosed building and the
-
identification was largely rejected by Fairman (COA III: 208-10).
-
A significant point to note frorn the surwey sheet is the effect of an alteration in the relative positions
of 539.2 and the platform foundations 540.4 uis-d-uls their positions on the plans of Clark and Lavers.
The two now line up exactly and suggest that they form part of a ceremonial axis leading to a point
intersecting with the Sanctuary axis and originating with 540.4. This buiiding iooks, from its plan,
to have been an entrance specially for the Sanctuary zone of the temple enclosure which, instead of
providing for grand procession as the front entrance on Royal Road did (and also the front entrance
to the Small Aten Ternple), accommodated a form of entry (presumably by the royal family) which
was, at the cruciatr moment of crossing the temple boundary, concealed. The conceaiment was within
a building provided with lustration slabs, suggestive of a place for purification and robing. Frankfort
was of the opinion that the building had been erected over a more conventional pylon entrance
situated in line with the entrance in the south enclosure wall (the latter an incorrect obsewation)
*, hichin tum raises the possibiliry that building S39.2 was erected for a special ceremonial occaslon.
down
This northerly entrance seems to have looked out on to a blank expanse of desert which sloped
ro*-ards the North Suburb. No break in the North Suburb corresponds with a prolonging ofthis axis,

i-plfrrg that the entrance was reached diagona\. The natural lie of the ground, as well as the
.-.t.rr.e of building s39.1, would imply a junction with Royal Road at a point to the west of the
temple
.ire ofthe modern school (Fig. 11). This would not be the only case ofa side entrance to a major
enclosure which *", prorrided with pylons and ceremonial adjuncts, but which must have been

approached either diaionally or perpendicularly. The same has been found along
the southern side
ot Kom e1-Nana.
join Royal
Iione imagines the access route almost immediately curving round towards the west to
belonged to this more broadly
Road rt will have passed an isolated building, S39. 1 , which perhaps also
,lefrned Sanctuary zone. This building now lies within the modern Muslim cemetery
for the village
otTt-Tell. pendlebury cleared most ofit in 1933, filling in the excavation again so that a further tomb
excavated
could be bui-lt over it (COAIII:2I-2). He remarks that not all of the building could be
-rince ro east and west the walls ran through ground already occupied by the cemetery'. The site shows
up clearly on the 1935 aerial photograph but without ttace of an eastwards continuation, although
rhe presence of an enclosure on the west is apparent. In 1'962 a little more of the building
was

excar-ated by the Egyptian Antiqurties Organisation, probably more of the storerooms on the north
si,ie. and amongst th. -"t.rial found was a group of mud wine-jar sealings' To judge from its plan,
539.1 s,as prob"bly.rot a house; perhaps it was a place for receiving, storing, and administering certain
krnds of commodities destined for the cult in the Sanctuary'
temple
There are no further signs of ancient building between Pendlebury's excavation and the
enclosure wall. During e..rdt.Uu.y's excavation season it is likely that a fresh grave pit was dug and
wall' At
otsen'ed some 170 -1".r, of S39.1 and perhaps only 5 m outside the line of the enclosure
'Arabs found here no
rhis point Lavers (1.934:96) marked a cross on his original plan with the note:
building beiow modern cemetery'.
These remarks complete the notes on the Sanctuary zone ofthe Great Aten
Temple' It would seem
on the Sanctuary
ro have been a p".t ofthe greater temple complex which, in addition to being centred
-burlding, ways: in possessing a ceremonial axis
was functionally separate in at least lwo recognisable
iid out on a (local) north-south line, and in being a distinct centre of offerings in which cattle were

Frofiunent.
11-e still know far too litcle about the r\thm of the religrous life of the city,
beyond recognising
a general picture of a routine ofregular ceremony and occasional grand festivals which might require
to explain *hy ih" Great Aten Temple enclosure needed two separate and rather
';-.'1 buildings, of
liferent ceremonial ce-ntres, and, indeed, why the Sanctuary itself is so similar to the Sanctuary
surroundedbyrather different ancillarystructures. Likewise itis hard
=e SmallAtenTempleyetstood measuring some
:o kno'rv how to ..gard ih. centfal zone ofthe temple enclosure, a huge square area
2-+r1 ,,' east-west by 270 m north-south. On present evidence
it appears to have been entirely open'
lr could have accomrnodated large festivals and held huge crowds of people and might then have
sen-ed as an adjunct to the Sanctuary zone, but this is speculative'
The main offering-zone of the temple is the part to which access was given by the
pylon-flanked
identified as having
enrence at the front. At the centre stood the stone building which the excavators
stone colonnades
been named Gem-pa-Aten, 'The Aten is found'. The front entrance was flanked by
erected on massive concrete foundations which are still the most conspicuous feature ofthe site' The
e\cayators identrfied this as a separately named building, the House of Rejoicing, but, because the
omitted the term from
eridence is ambiguous (see the concluding remarks to this chapter), we have
fre map. The pnncipal characteristic of the Gem-pa-Aten was the large number of stone offering-
cables ananged in rows inside a progression of enclosed courryards
(Badawy 1962 provides a
c:liendrical interpretation of its layout). Outside on the south the multiplication of stone offering-
rabies rvas matched by an even larger number in mud brick, laid out as a huge open field' The layout
of dris field on the survey sheet is derived from the plan of the northern edge as
it is given in Lavers'
photographs
plan of the Gem-pa-Aten building (COA III: Pl. III) and from one of the 1935 aerial
*fo.n shows the positions of *"rry of them. They agree in giving forty-six from east to west and
n\-enr\- from north to south, as against the forty-five from east to west stated
tn COA III: 16, a total

u-ri 92i,t as against 900 (the totil,920 was, however,

written by Lavers on his reconstruction plan in
of altars lay in
Fendlebur;: I933b: 632,Fig.7). The excavators were of the view that a similar field

@ ff;*rn---::: --: rhe idea that the
hc r, - -1:-=- ----:bies rvere 'ofevery
.rrr r: ::rul in the empire'
! :-' =:- -:; -933b: 630).
a corresponding position on the north, but there is no trace of this now; no disturbance is visible on
the good-qualiry aerial photograph available for the Great Aten Temple, and its existence should be
regarded as doubtful. The additional Lavers plan of the Great Aten Temple (Lavers 1'934:96) adds
a single wall ending in a buttress which projects inwards from the west wall of the temple enclosure
towards the south-west corner. This general area has a significant cover ofarchaeological debris rvhich
has probably not been properly excavated. Hence it is possible that this length of wall belongs sith
others yet to be uncovered, perhaps marking out an enclosure in the south-western comer of the
temple enclosure.
In commenting upon the Sanctuary zone of the Great Aten Temple we have suggested that the
ground immediately to the south and outside the enclosure wall should be included and that one oi
the links was the provision of sacrificial cattle. The corresponding position for the front part of the
temple is occupied by the large bakery (Q40.5), which had a major entrance towards the western end
of its north wall, thus facing towards the Great Aten Temple, although there is, as yet, no evidence
for a corresponding gateway in the temple enclosure wall opposite. One is bound to search for patterrLi
of behaviour which can link disparate parts of the site without violating our general undentandinq
(such as it is) of Egyptian practices. In this spirit we offer the suggestion that the massive pronsion
of offering-tables in the front ofthe temple is directly linked to the massive bakery lyingjust outside-
There would thus be a social distinction of sorts in the oflering-tables, between, on the one hand.
the limestone examples arrangedwithin the monumental Gem-pa-Aten building, and, on the other.
the field of mud-brick tables which stood in the open corner of the temple enclosure. Whrlst the
former must have been part ofthe setting for royal ceremonies, the latter could have allowed a section
of the city's population to participate in an offering-ceremony which perhaps was combined sith a
distribution ofthe festivalbreadwhichwas bakedin such quantities in the adjacentbakery.le A sigmfrcarar
popular participation in the combined cult of the Aten and of the royal family couid explain the larse
op"r, included within the Great Aten Temple enclosure, as well as in the two other religiou-'
"..",
enclosures to which temple bakeries were attached, the Small Aten Temple (which had its o\\-n not
dissimilar tripartite division which included a group ofmud-brick altars in the outer court). and Kom
el-Nana (still only partially excavated).
There remain to be considered the expanses of open ground in front of the temple and along the
northern side other than the region of buildings S39.1 and 539-2.
The ground in front of the Great Aten Temple has changed its appearance considerably h moden
times through conversion of the desert to cultivation, to which end the farmers have been obhge,i
to dig out considerable amounts of sand and gravel on account of the slight elevation of the ground.
The stages of this progressive encroachment from the time of Lepsius to 1'978 are marked on the
survey sheet by a series of lines using different conventions. This ground was not devoid of ancient
material, although the earlier accounts, on which one now has to rely, are not wholly consistent- Borh
Wilkinson and Lepsius mark considerable mounding in front of the Great Aten Temple but onlr- ro
the north of the temple axis. On the Lepsius map this feature is divided into two separate mounds.
and the outline s of these have been marked on our survey sheet by means of broken Li.nes. Esacrlv
in this place, on his small-scale sketch map, Petrie (1894: Pl. XXXV) marks an area of stippling \\rrir
theword'lJshabtis'writtenbesideit.Inhistext(ibid.:17-1.8)hedescribesfindingthereadearhnu-'c
in plaster, possibly of Akhenaten himself, several unfinished ushabti-figures (Martin I97 4: 38-9 --1-
4), sculptors' trial pieces, fragments of statues, and a 'great quantity of granite dust, resulting trorn r;
working of granite on a large scale'. Despite marking the location where others had seen mou'n,ls.
Petrie speaks of the ground around here as being 'only covered by about a foot of sand'. In 19-8 a"
area of desert still survived in this place but, by this time, the consPicuous mounds had almost gone-
and in the approximate place of one of them there was instead a shallow gravel quarr;'the side. ot
which showed only natural layers of sand interleaved with gravel. The only mounding 1eft rvx a smal
area betuveen the quarry and the cultivation, but there were still pieces of stone (including granire
to be seen, together with very weathered sherds, both Pharaonic and post-Pharaonic (presumabnv
Amarna Period and late Roman/early Christian). This provided some modest confirmarion tor
locating at least part ofPetrie's area here.
The last statement is phrased as it is because Pendlebury provides a slightly diflerent account (CO-l
III: 80-1). He divides the ground in front of the Great Aten Temple into two parts. The mounding
is described as natural: 'apparently caused by some freak of the wind which has piled here the driir-
sand in what appear at first sight to be artificial mounds but which contained no trace of buildins'.
 Hc*-er-er. benveen the mounds and the north end of the Great Palace Pendlebury describes an area
.',:r.l he hnked to Petrie's sculpture source: Just north ofthe north end ofthe Palace the cultivarion
::::ies. apparently olving to the presence of quantities ofstone chips which lie near the surface. The
-r'aJ. are much broken anci do not make any intelligrble plan. It is apparently part of the same area
a. :hat labelled "Ushabtis" by Petrie...which is now beneath the cultivation [not, in fact, true]. This
,-cntain' a number of trial-pieces, unfinished shawabtis, and the so-called death mask of Akhenaten.
T1: eround u'as coveredwith granite dust.'Alist ofPendlebury's own finds follows, and this includes
r::;:s of sculpture, amongst thern ushabti-figures, both finished and unfinished.
Iis'e tbllorv Pendlebury's description ofthe area, we have to place itjust to the south ofthe temple
.r,.. probably in a tract of ground between the 1935 and 1978 cultivation lines. This would mean
:hat the area rvhere sculptors' debris lay spread for about 100 m across the front of the Great Aten
Temple on either side of the axial line although some distance away from the building. In the case
r: rhe sculpture dump discussed above which lay on the south side of the temple we probably have
: .:re. alreadv used for depositing debris from the temple cult, to where statues were dragged when
''-':.e Sanctuary was demolished. The debris fi-om in front of the temple, in containing unfinished

..-:'prure and a plaster mask, is clearly different in composition and origin. One explanation for
.--:,ptors' debris in front of the temple could be that it belonged to the time when the temple was
l.i:-r: built, that sculptors used the opportunity to make small-scale sculpture from off-cuts, and that,
,-:- :ompletion of the temple, the working-site was levelled and paved with mud. The weathering-
.-.-, =r' of the mud paving subsequently exposed the debris again. Apart from the fact that no debris
-,-,-:.s :ecorded
close to the front wall of the temple, the obvious objection to this explanation is that
r::.r-ls to explain the presence ofa death mask ofAkhenaten (ifsuch it is) and unfinishedushabti-figures,
o1 the supposition that production ofsuch would not have been a prioriry at an early stage ofbuilding
:: -\mama. This material, if correctly understood, belongs much better in a proper workshop still
:cnve at the end ofthe Amarna Penod. This leads to the question: how far to the north did the Great
Palace extend? On the detailed excavation plan (COA III: Pl. XIIIA) the eastern boundary v,,a11 of
ihe palace tails away just short of a point opposite the south-west corner of the Great Aten Ternpie.
In this general area the Lepsius map marks a linear feature mnning wesfr,vards (included on our survey
rvhich couid have been a major return wall of the Great Palace. However, Lavers' general
'heet)
slke tch plan of the Central Cirf QOA III: Pl. I) shows the eastern boundary wall of the palace

continuing well beyond this, following, in fact, an indistinct linear shadow on the 1935 aertal
:rotograph (reproduced rn COA III: Pl. XXW) although the actual excavations do not seem to have
:rtended this far. Then there is Pendlebury's statement, already quoted, that he encountered 'much
i:oken'rvalls even further to the north. The desert suface in front of the Great Aten Temple is
::larn'ely high and thus very exposed to denudation. It is, therefore, possible that these wall fragments,
,--,: u-hich no intelligible plan couldbe made, were all thatwas left ofa range ofbuildings ofthe Amarna

?;nod rvhich continued the building-line of the Great Paiace at least as far as the axis of the Great
-\ien Temple and contained a sculptor's workshop. It is worth noting that a few sculptor's triai pieces
.r-ere also found in the northernmost excavated part of the Great Palace (COA III: 37-8).
The appearance in modern times of the ground in front of the Great Aten Temple convevs the
impression that, in the Amarna Period, it was a large open space. Pendlebury (COA III: 1) saw Royal
Road broadening into an open square at this point, and it is easy to imagine, given the proximity of
:he present line of the river bank which is here formed by a rocky outcrop now covered by ailuvium,
;hat. in ancient times, the open space sloped down towards the river, perhaps terminating in a quay.
Hos-ever, the sculptors' debris, which spread across the full north-south length of this area, and the
iagments ofwalls mentioned by Pendlebury imply that this view could be an illusion, and that Royal
Road r'vas no wider here than it was in the Central City proper. Across the road from the Great A.ten
Temple lay not a greai open space connecting with the river but a tange of buildings which rn'ere
:erhaps simply a continuation of the Great Palace.
The Lepsius plan marks two further relevant alignments which meet virtually at a right-angle and
s-ere located to the north-west of the north-west corner of the Great Aten Temple enclosure and
oiu-hich all trace has vanished. One runs north-south, at a distance of about 150 m from the front
ii'al1. It is marked with the convention of stippling which is elsewhere used on the Lepsius map for
general archaeological debns, from sherd scatters to faint wall lines where no actual brickwork broke
rhe surface (enclosure S40.5 is marked in this way). The other alignment is drawn as two parallel rows
of hachures which mn wesf'ffards from a prominent domed tomb about 100 m north of the (now
invisible) north-west corner ofthe temple enclosure. That tomb still stands, though now mined, and
heips to place the position ofthe Lepsius alignment. It is impossible to tell from the hachuringwhether
a ditch or ridge is meant, although, ifit had been a ditch, one might have expected a slight embayment
in the edge ofcultivation as it approached. It is certainly reasonable to regard themboth as indicating
the lines ofthick wal1s in slightly different conditions ofpreserwation, but there is no means at present
of knowing whether they marked outer boundaries to the lesser constructions built across Royal
Road from the Great Aten Temple or formed the edges to large buildings now lost beneath the
cultivation.
Pendlebury mentions one further site which lay between the mounds and the front of the Great
'We
Aten Temple: 'a rectangular building of Roman date not excavated.' are not sure of its position
and have, therefore, not tried to mark it on the survey map. Its presence here is another usefui
indication, however, of the extent of the late Roman/early Christian period at Amarna.
The ground to the north of the Great Aten Temple also deserves further comment. Much of it rs
occupied by the cemetery which serves the modem village of Et-Tell and which was already there
when Wilkinson and Lepsius made their visits. In recent times an even larger area of ground to the
north-east has been subject to intensive pitting, apparentiy by the Egyptian Antiquities Organisation
as a way of testing the ground for the presence of ancient remains. As the contours show, the Great
Aten Temple occupies an elevated stretch of desert which begins a downward slope north from the
northern side of the temple enclosure and runs down to the wadi beyond which begins the North
Suburb. Over this extensive sloprng surface occur scatters of sherds mixed with mud-brick dust and
some broken pieces of brick, and also fragments of bone. The general disposition of this rnaterial is
indicated on the survey shect (including on the overlap with sheet 3) by stippiing, the result of
sketching over a copy of the 1935 aerial photograph rather than independent survey. The material
has, in many places, been dug into or turned over, revealing little depth to the deposits and implying
that it is, for the most part, the remains of ancient scatters of rubbish. During 1986, wkrikt lurveying
in the contours, it was noted that a recent shallo-nv gravel quarry well to the east ofthe village (in square
S37) had cut into one ofthese deposits. The sections so exposed revealed alayer ofsherd rubbish (cf.
,4R IV: 103). Further stili to the east archaeological debris forms a slight mound suggestive of the
presence of a small house, and, indeed, recent digging has brought up many sherds and muci-bnck
dust. Along this east-west line, of course, one is really in ground which formed the margin to the
North Suburb and any small buildings and the rubbish deposits should be seen in this context.
Two minor features should be noted close to the eastern edge of the modern r,illage, both visible
oniy on the 1935 aerial photograph on ground which is now very badly disturbed. One, in square
537, is what looks like a T-shapedjunction to two tracks ofthe kind which, further out in the desert,
are parts of an ancient network of desert roads. There is no means now of determining whether this
junction is ancient or modern; for the record it has been inserted on to the survey sheet. Belween
it and the site of the modern school (squares R37/38) , over ground now largely built over, the 1935
aerial photograph shows an area of irregular squarish patches of desert marked by gravel ridges and
'We
looking very much like those already ref-erred to in the discussion of Pendlebury's 'corn floors'.
have not markeci them, but their presence here adds to the impression that they are abandoned
modern cultivation plots.
Sheet 5 covers the whole of the Central Ciry apart from the Great Aten Temple, although the
southe rn edge ofits enclosure wall runs along the edge ofthe map. When looking at the plan it should
be remembered that one is seeing the Central City in its final stage. Pendlebury found clear evidence
that a building with substantial walls had preceded at least the magazine block in the eastern part of
the King's F{ouse enclosure (P42.2; COAIII:89, Pl. XVI); current work at the Small Aten Temple
is uncovering the scant traces of an earlier set of walls which probably belong to a first ternple layout;
and Pendlebury discovered that the Smenkhkare Hall was a late acidition built over ground which
had contained trees (this based on a very limited excavation, and sec below). Another possible set of
early-phase foundations lies just to the north of the King's F{ouse, namely building P41.3 (see also
beiow) . At an earlier stage, therefore, this part at least of the Central Ciry, along Royal R-oad, would
have looked rather different alrhough, as far as one can see, Royal Road itself was there flom the
beginning.
Royal Road passes thrcugh the area from north to south, fonning aiso the modern road which links
the villages ofEt-Tell and El-Hagg Qandil. Its width varies according to which buildings it is passing.
Perhaps its most deliberately framed part is where it passes between the King's F{ouse and the Great
P:-lace (north of the Bridge), and here it is 39 m. It evidently provided a building line for the main
:uildrngs on the east, which were separated by broad streets having approximately similar widths (26-
- :li . Part of the way along its course through the Central City it was crossed by the Bridge which
r:-ke d the Great Palace and the King's House and the piers of which are still conspicuous. Beyond
:.--e Smenkhkare Hall, however, the southwards continuation ofRoyal Road narrows considerably,
:i:hough strll providing the basis of the modern track. As a broad thoroughfare it actually seems to
--*:rr \\-esrwards to run along the south side of the Smenkhkare Hall until it reaches the two stone
rerxals or pavilions, 042.1 and 042.2. By this stage it is so close to the cultivation, and within the
zcne rvhere the farmers tethertheir animals and carry out harvesting tasks, thatlittle has survived above
:::: desert surface. However, older sources (the Wilkinson and Lepsius maps, as well as aerial
:iorographs) imply that the broad thoroughfare then tumed again to head south-wesrwards. This
-"r srpl6l mean that the two stone portals stood at the head ofthis road when approached from the south.

Th: Lepsius plan is also quite positive in inserting an ancient wall line in a position which seems to
'We
--Lr;rnnue the line of a bnck wall which runs between042.1, andO42.2. have included it on the
:*:-,e\ sheet. This seems to create two zones along the line of the thoroughfare, an eastern and a
r. -stei:n! each served by one of the stone portals. From their position one can imagine them forming
iF:irf,flces to the Great Palace or to an adjacent royal building (COA III: 82), although the pattern
ri'rrck toundations is ambiguous in this respect. Otherwise they must have stood as independent
:.'.-jrons for a royal ceremony in the way that the briefly noted example in square S32 beside the
\c-e Suburb did.
\onh from the Smenkhkare Hall the entire western side ofRoyal Road is occupied by the Great
F-:.-:ce First from the south comes the Smenkhkare Hall itsele a very late addition according to the
-r{,-:-, arors. Pendlebury's investigation seems to have been very limrted: the plan rn COA III (P1.
\JnlC must rely for the disposition of the main mass of brick pillar bases on the plans of Lepsius
--.-pi:d bv Petrie) and the fact that the positions of many of the pillar bases were still visible as low
:rr:r-pi COAIII: XIIV. land2showhowlimiteditwas, cf.ARIII:95).Thegeneralinterpretation
:-r=:t:i' building was a huge roofed space has been challenged by an alternative proposal that we have
--.:; :he remains of an enclosed vineyard, the brick pillars having be en, in reality, supports for a
-j,'rci-n rrellis over which the vines grew (Traunecker and Traunecker 1984-5, and other earlier
r:-cr!-rns. including Borchardt 1,91,6:521,, n. 7; Timme 191,7: 18). By this interpretation Pendlebury's
tree pits become part ofthe desigp; they are nothing less than pits for the vines themselves.
--.:-rha-.e
O-.'-: .:r are a of this size it ought to be possible to find sufficient evidence to determine which
::--:-::ri:tion is more likely hall or vineyard but the amount that has been examined in modern
- -
.; probably very limited, although the whole edifice must have been methodically turned over
--::i
:-:; :arXr nineteenth century AD with probable disturbance to much of the original ground and
=-
--.. :,iloon. in 1990 a small test area was re-examined as part of an investigation of the ground in
:::-: Lrarne Small Aten Temple. The results were not wholly conclusive, but nevertheless inclined
-, rr' i.-cepr that the building really was a hall of columns, and so we have retained the name
S=:::Ihkare Hall.
\rrlth irom here the preserved parts of the Great Palace divide laterally into two, mud brick on
--.--; :es: and stone on the west, but this may give a somewhat misleading impression of how the

-;l;:lE ongrnaily looked. The stone part (Pendlebury's 'State Apartments') may have stood as a
,- -.-.. rectangular structure surrounded on all its sides by brick buildings, with none ofits stonework
'.aj.
-.--.:b-: :rom outside. As discussed above, no clear northern limit has been found for the mud-brick 20
A detailed account ot chi' .. .:-: :.
-:-'l-is.: rhev could have continued right across the ground in front of the Great Aten Temple, grven bv Borchardr 1911 -: r
.--.-:-r-ng sculptors' workshops. They could also have stretched westwards to the river. In this case alio Timme 1q l-: ' . . -.=
---r. :::.en-ed part rvould represent only a small fraction ofan original built-up area which would have descrucrion took pl.;: ::- .

Februan lqlf. dunns L.::

----:- =r least as extensive as the stone part. Of the surviving mud-brick portion the best known and -----
that the German e\l:$:.-- .,.-.
is the sunken garden and rooms in square P41 which Pendlebury called (without real working at Amama The r:;;:-
=-,:.: -:::eLlrsrble
'-'_-i--arion rhe 'North Harem'. It was here, in what was probably a throne room (Weatherhead that he grves. jea.lou:r' o:- -j:: : ;::
-
l:l . thar Petrie found the famous painted gypsum pavements, and, in a spirit of what would now ofcusrodians from el-H1t Q-- :
'

:. --rLed sire management, erected a building over them to serve as a museum. The walls of this at rhe bakshi:h ean:cd r. ----
custodians from er-Teli he' : =,c :.
:r"hs are outLined in blue on the survey sheet. The system of local custodianship proved not to con\lnclng nng to ]i tjlar_ L-_=:
: - ::=Jr- tor such a far-sighted gesture, and the pavements were broken up some ten years years later.20 gir-en br- Perrie 19-l -: - -::
Ii--; ptece s rvere then gathered togetherby the Antiqui.ties Service, transported to the Cairo Museum, Cntdch L9l+ -1'- ': i1':::::--1
-Weatherhead1,992)
,:- j :reced roqethe r (not altogether correctly, see for a permanent display u.hich agreed riith ir roo
is still there. The wa1ls of Petrie's museum remained standing and were later used to retain some of
the spoil from Pendlebury's excavations, creating the impression that the walls belong to a still
unexcavated ancient site. It is for this reason that the building is locally referred to as the kenisa,
'church'.
The stone part provided Pendlebury and Lavers with particularly difficult problems ofinterpretation
which are likely to persist. Amarna stone buildings were constructed in a way peculiar to Akhenaten's
reign. Ail of the surviving examples except the Great Palace were built on relatively flat firm desert.
The principal preliminary step was to spread a layer of gypsum concrete over the floor of a shallow
excavation and then to mark on its surface the outlines of intended walls, columns, altars, and other
features. The ground beneath the Great Palace was not, however, flat but developed a slope towards
the river and a degree of undulation. The ancient builders tackled this by laying the gypsum on the
natural desert suface as usual, and then by using rubble to make up an even ground level which was
similar to that on the easrern desert edge of the palace and not much different to that of the present
fields. In places the depth of rubble reached 5 m (Pendlebury 1935a:133). The various remains of
foundations recovered by Pendlebury belong sometimes to the lower and sometimes to the upper
level (in places the two levels coincide). However, since Lavers' plans bear no measurements oflevels
and no sections were drawn it is more than usua\ difficult to interpret the remains. Eq"ully serious
is the fact that the main plan ofthe stone area, (COA III: Pl. XIIIC) often does not show which
parts

of the surface were floored with gypsum, the essential guide to where stone walls had been. This is

particularly the case with the foundation trenches ofthe 'Weben-Aten'part on the north. We became
^,r.ry
ofthis through using the brown colour to show the extent of the original stonework and
"*"r.
having sometimes to rely on photographs, including the none-too-distinct aerial photograph of this
p"rtoith.sitetakenshortlyafterPendlebury'sexcavation (COAIII:Pl.XXIV; wehavehadnoaccess
to the original print).
O.r. polrrt to which we have drawn attention at the north end of the stone part is the major buried
wall running east-west. It was built on the level of the deep foundations (presumably the original
ground l.rrei at a low point here) and acted as a temporary revetment for the large expanse of ground
io th. north which could well have been covered by brick buildings and which stood at a level
virtually the same as that of the modern fields (COA III: 51, Pl. XXXV.3, also XXXV.5, where it
is visible in the background). What this revetment signifies in terms ofthe relative chronology ofthe
Great Palace has yet to be deterrnined; one would like to know, for example, whether the ground
to the north was also made up from anartificial fill. One also wonders if, the foundations of the
'Weben-Aten' portion being somewhat di{Ierent in character from those of the remainder of the
building, they actually belong to a different and earlier phase (a view voiced at first by Pendlebury
1.935a: 133, but subsequently retracted, COA III: 51) '
The Great Palace was linked directly to the King's House by means of a bridge supported on
massive brick piers which are still prominent. As noted above, Pendlebury never actually
excavated
the main part;f the residence within the King's House enclosure. He cleared about three-quarters
of the rnagazines to the east (leaving alone most of those previously dug by Petrie) and trenched the
garden toihe ,rorth, but ofthe building in the south-west he excavated only the rooms in the north-
."r, .o..r.. (those east ofthe main columned hall) and the block ofrooms lying separately to the south.
The remainder of the building is still covered with the debris turned over by Petrie and is thus in the
same condition as shown in the 1935 aeial photograph tn COA III: Pl. XXIV, and in the 1932
oblique aerial photograph in the same book, Pl. )'LV.2. This part of the enclosure stood on a slight
naturalbluffoverlookingRoyal Road, something conveyedby the contours. Although the residence
in the south-western corner of the enclosure is quite small, it is actually located in a key position in
respect to many of the most important buildings in the Central City: the Great Palace, the Small
Aten
Ternple, and the scribal area to the rearwhere, amongst other things, the archive offoreign diplomatic
.o...rpor1d.nce on cuneiform tablets was kept (see below). A good case can be made for locating the
Window ofAppearance in this building (Kemp 1976). The large group ofmagazines which filled the
east side of the enclosure were in part fitted with brick divisions to create bins, a
sign that they were
to (Figs' 2 and 3),
used to store grain. Wilkinson marks this as a place where dog bones were be seen

although nothing like this was reported by Pendlebury'

To th. south lay the Small Aten Temple which has, since L987 ,been the object of reclearance and
fresh investigation by the Egypt Exploration Society (,4R V: Chapter 6; a second report will appear
rn ARVI). A few additional details have been added to the survey sheet from this work but, for the
 : o45
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SMALL ATEN TEMPLE

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-a-:-:.

: '-:..:,:.i;.'rrirrg the pincipal adminktratiue areas in the Central City and Main City,

- - --. --:,r:-= =l:ril CO-1 III:
--, --.-''-.,--: r. li:l: cntcials'ord
:: ::----:-: :: : ::-jine 1. s1s.ing.
::.: :::-.a-- :il;:i:a1ng that the
::- - ..:.1t1--s ofthis krndrvere
j. :.
-' :-. :r.:ored the mi..ing
. ::- ', :,;-; .b'ut Pre sumablf in'is
:i- i-.r::.: br- compari.on
' -'.- :. : ':r' .imilar stamp whch
:::=-::: i::nielf qr.roled from
- r ;:. Pi LV m'. although
'---. . -.:' -:.-:oll deter-nunativt i\
--.-. . :-f-.:re l ould expect The
' ,..:. r.r.rnd on an inscrip-
- :. :--:r- :ie Large bakeries, too,
- .--'.'--- ,ri 187, Pls. LXII.4,
I,R V: 60
-.-. -l -:.
most par!, the results (which seriously modify the layout of the stone Sanctuan' at the re lr. i..
example) must await a full separate pubiication. One should note, ho\4'ever, that the three rmrhcr:
divisions of the Great Aten Temple re-appear in the Smal1 Aten Temple but non'formalh seFa:ai-*
by wal1s and pylons: an outer and perhaps public court appointed rvith bnck ofrenng-tatries. r:l
intermediate court which contains only the so-called Priests' House (P42.5), and the stone Sanct.-1=.,
surrounded by ancillary structures in a rear court. The parallel between the rwo temples is broai--.-
continued outside to the south, by the line ofbuildings P43.1 and .2. Stamped bricks recor-ere d io::r
them included a set to be read 'fManufactory/Storehouse]: Service of the Aten' (COA III: 1t - - -.
150,21,0).2r Pottery found in and around them has a high concentration of bre ad moulds. and orhe:
archaeological evidence suggests that a small glazing industry was present, too. They thus prob:b--.
served the temple in the same way that the huge bakery to the south ofthe Great Aten Temple .-:-,--
i
the Great Aten Temple.
Both to the north and to the east of the King's FIouse and Small Aten Ternple spread a ]e n-: - :
buildings which make up what people now see as the administrative heart of the ciry. Those ro ::-;
east comprise inclividuafbuildings by means of a network of streets; those to the no:tr :.
"...rr.d
form parts of a single huge compound, the principal surviving entrances to which faced nonh h n.
very different articulation lies presumably a major difference of function (Fig. 12). A tllrd zor- -l
created by a range ofbuildings which lies even further to the east and forms, in fact, the easte::r : j:.
of,the Central City. It is always thought to be a base for the military or police, and the ancienr bui:::.
gave much attention to formality of iayout, especially noticeable in building R42.9. In tn'rn3: r.-
understand the functions of these varied buildings, which together occupy an area of sorne i,1.-:
hectares (about 33 acres), one is inevitably drawn first to the architecture, but it is also ve n- appa:::r:
from the study of surface collections of artefacts that important indications of function are pr-)-;-:
amongst this material, although this is something scarcely visible in the results of the 1930s frell-i .-:..
and the pages of COA iiI. So far, an outiine survey ofthe suface pottery has been carried out thrc -rJ-
a series of spot samples (,4R IV: Chapter 9; ARV: Chapter 5) together with an area sun'ev oi.:c:--.
artefacts (principally querns and mortars, yet to be published), but the results, in shos'i.ng ur h--'.-.'
much potential there is, also point to how much more of this kind of work needs to be i.-:-.
Furthermore, to suface survey can be added the re-excavation of seiected small areas s'rth rh: :-::-
of clarifying specific features, something which was begun in 1992 in building R42.9 (r-er r.. :.
published). Consequently the process of understanding the Central Ciry should be seen as srill i:: i:.
early stages.
Within the zone of Q42lQ43 two buildings seem to be identifiable by the bricks used in ti:''
construction which bear the names 'The Bureau (lit. place) for the Correspondence of Pharao..'
(Q42.21) and the 'House ofl-ifb' (Q42.19 and .20). The fact that the bulk ofthe Amarna Letters se e nl-i
to have come from the former is a welcome reassurance that we are right to interpret stamped bnc-rt
in this literal way, at ieast in some cases, although the buildings themselves are oddly unpretenricr,:.
and unprotected. The bricks bearing the'House of Life'stamp came frorn tr,vo adjacent burldrni.
(Q42.1,9 and .20) which, from their plans alone, one wouid not suspect as having had any panicu-,:
significance. Yet the name seems, in ancie nt Egypt, to have denoted a piace whe re sacred books n-e:-
copied. This is a curious thing in itself at Amarna. One is led to ask: what sacred books s o;i;
Akhenaten have wanted copied? The only clue to content recovered from the excavations \\ e :- l
few scraps of papyrus frorn Q42.20 (CCA III: 115, n. I, 120'. object 33/293, in the Ashmole.:-
Museum, not Cairo, as listed; EES neg. no.33/4:034). The tiny groups of fragments are enriri-'.
pictorial and show a procession of figures and possibly a chariot. There is no writing and no sen.c ..-
a learned context" They remind one in this of a group of papyrus fragments found by Pendlebur-r :::
k43.2, the 'House of the l{ing's Statue' (COAIII:1.41.; EES neg. no.36/7:O53), which depicts =
battle involvingforeignmercenaries, possiblyMycenaeans (nowintheBritishMuseum, see Chrisne'.
Sale Cataiogue, London, 8th fuly 1992: I02,lot 268 with colour ilius.). Indeed, it is not impossible
that the latter group had blown there from the central scribal area, from whlch it is dos'ns inj
foilowing the abandonment of the citr7. One shouid rernember, too, that the Amarna Letters
themselves contained literary texts. Thus the content of the scribal material stored in the rear pan oi
the Central City may well have been quite broad and varied and may have encompassed materia-
outside the scope of the strictly administrative or religious.
The character of these buildings contrasts sharply with those in the zone further east (centred oir
R42 and including the barracks), which are carefully laid-out blocks oflarger size. Those who ofr-ere i
adnce to the king on the conduct offoreign relations will have been senior fi.gures at the court; indeed,
ir has often been thought that Tutu, the high official who owned one ofthe grander tombs at Amarna
no. 8), was prominent amongst them (RTVI: 7-15). It is hard to imagine that figures ofthis standing
u-ere based in the modest offices of the Q42 zone which so conspicuously lack the manipulation of
architectural form and space for the purpose of creating a setting for the exercise of authorify, such
a. Lr visible in the buildings further back. It is probably misleading, therefore, to think of 'The Rureau
ror the Cor-respondence ofPharaoh' as equivalent to a modem Foreign Office/Ministry, for example.
The rvhole group was set back from the King's House and Small Aten Temple across a broad space
more rhan 60 m wide, the southern division ofwhich (behind the Small Aten Temple) bore a deposit
of rubbish now represented by an extensive scatter of sherds. Its separateness from the royal and high
ofrcial sphere was, if anything, emphasizedby its division into discrete little buildings separated by
f, \\ arren of streets which must have resembled a village in its outward aspect. In this it differs from
orher places at Amarna (including the large buildings south ofthe Central City, on map sheet 6) wher:e
various sets of rooms and courts which serwed a broadly similar end were units within an enclosing
compound. This group of buildings should perhaps then be interpreted as a place of copying,
:;-arucribing, and storing documents connected with business conducted with the king within the
Krng's House. It would have been, in other words, the king's archive and scribal pool - a kind ofscribal
-rare or even village which was necessary but of relatively low status. The rows of small houses or
ofrces Q43.1,-74 are clearly part of this. Their general lack of normal domestic fittings distinguishes
:hem from the houses ofthe'Workmen's Village, for example, and makes it more likely that the whole
set is a battery of scribal workplaces.
The other zone adjacent to the King's House, on the north, formed, as already noted, a single
:omplex, the larger part on the west secure within its perimeter wall. In its south-west corner lie the
:oundarions of a house with particularly massive foundations (P41.3) which had been severely
Je.uor-ed, to the extent that no trace had survived even of its floor. This arouses the suspicion that
:he tbundarions belong to the earlier phase of building in the Central Ctty, a possibility that can still
be cested by further fieldwork. From hieratic inscriptions on sherds of storage vessels from both the
r,r:ge compound and the Great Aten Temple bakeries the excavators deduced, with a degree of
::sen-arion, that meat and meat products were prepared and stored within them. The evidence
accumulating from the current process of surface survey reinforces the idea that the preparation of
io,J on a large scale was a major occupation of the Q41/R41 compound, although the evidence is
.:-l onlv partially gathered and assessed. Part ofthe evidence, of course, is the fact that the large bakery'
Q+rr.5) belongs to it.
To the east of this provisioning compound and separated by 150 m of open ground lies a huge
:nercavared well within its own enclosure, which measures about 95 x 65 m (S42.1; ,4R III: 92).-Ihe
i:nd and gravel ongin"lly dng out can still be identified as a broad low mound to the east. It is also
,o.aredbelow the slope leading up to the barracks (R42.10), whichbuilding, however, also contained
ir. orrl substantial well. It thus remains uncertain which element ofinstitutional life at Amarna it was
rrended to serve, but it was certainly constructed to satisfy a major need.
The third zone ofbuildings formed the eastern edge ofthe Central City. One ofthe aspects which
ei\ e it a separate identiry is its strict adherence to an alignment at variance with that of the rest of the
Cenrral Ciry. The main reason for this is not at present clear. This alignment conforms to a general
rend usible patchily in the rear parts of the Main City (as with the house of Panehsy, P.44.2) which
mishtreflecttrackswhichweretemporarilyusedforjourneyingaroundthebackoftheciry(Fig. 10),
bur it is also true that it allows one of the principal buildings of the eastern zone,k42 .1'0, the barracks,
ro ftrn along the edge of an escarpment which follows a direction more or less at right angles to that
of rhe main street. It would help if we knew the order in which the various parts of the Central City
",;ere
built. something which almost certainly can be clarified by further fieldwork.
Unambiguous evidence showed that a large part ofR42.10 consisted of a compound and stalls for
:irmals. and, from the location and pretensions of the building as well, Pendlebury deduced that a
'rarracl<s
sith stabling for horses was the most attractive and logical explanation. Fragments from the
;-one lintel rvhich had fallen from the main entrance included, in addition to cartouches and part of
a kneeling figure, the plumes on the top of horses' heads. Scenes in the rock tombs at Amarna, and
t-rrglnallv on the walls of the stone buildings in the city, give prominence to soldiers and chariotry
accompanying the king, whilst one of the actual tombs, no. 10 (albeit a small one), belonged to the
;ruet oipolice of the city, Mahu, whose chariotry forms an element in the decoration. Pendlebury's
identification seems reasonable. From this basis he went on to stamp the other wing ofthis block siih
a military identification, part accommodation for men and part, the southern building R42.9, a \\:ar
Office. The general homogeneiry of these buildings is, indeed, afactor to which considerabie rveight
must be given. Here again, however, the surface archaeology as well as attention to the smaller detaiL
of the architecture modifu the picture; for there is ample evidence of both kinds for cereal storaqe
and processing and for the making ofbread and probably beer (cf. the sherd survey, ,4R IV: 123, areas
1.4, !5,1,28-9;,4R V: 1.02, arca24, L1,2;a small part ofk42.9 was re-excavated in 1992). This extends
even to the most formal building of the group, the southern block ofk42.9. This is not necessarih
contradictory. Rations are an important element in maintaining a garrison. It suggests, however. that
the formaliry of layout might be there to provide a spatial context of discipline for this commissariar
side of garrison or police-station life and not, as Pendlebury saw it, for the drama of military decision-
making.
The interpretation of the archaeology of the military buildings is complicated by the fact that
beneath one part ofR42.9, a group of long parallel chambers, a huge deposit of pottery was found
in a deep pit (COAIII:1.32, Pl. LI.1; some of the pottery is visible in the background of Pl. LI.f .
According to the published record (ibid.: 137) bread moulds were one of the common types in the
deposit, which was left heaped around the excavation and has since been reduced to sherds. Some
of this residue may well have been included in the sherd survey arca L5 (,4R IV: 1'23) in which 'be er
jars' were found to be a particularly common form. The implication is that the production oirariorr'
was already taking place in the vicinity before F.. 42.9 (at least, in its final form) was constructed. but
whether this is a sign of a rebuilding cannot on present evidence be answered.
Ifwe return for a moment to considering the differences between the three main zones ofsubsidian-
buildings in the Central City, the distinctions suggested in the last few paragraphs, if tme. poinr ro
an interesting spread of values as manifested in architecture: befi,veen the processing and storaee o:
commodities (an elaborate but enclosed system), the scnbal world of copying and archiving (small-
scale, ordered, and not requiring particularly visible security), and the feeding and housing ot rLe
military (pretentious, rigidly laid-out, and secure)'
Around the R42.8 and .9 complex lie several individual buildings of formal design (R42 1-5 - 1 i:
R43.1-3) aboutwhich, with one exception, little canbe said on the subject ofpurpose (although not:
the comments ofTraunecker 1988 on R43.1). The exception is R43.2 where Pendlebury found ure
remains of a wooden shrine for a statue of the king and pieces from statues (COA III: 140-11 n:
building which does have some resemblance to a temple in its plan, and which also lies adjacent rt-
a sherd scatter (sherd area 16, ARIY 1,23,129) which has some degree of comparabilin in i-s
components to sherds from the'W'orkmen's Village Main Chapel. It should also be noted that one
building in square R43 still remains to be excavated. It lies to the east of R42.9 and the surtace
mounding from both an enclosure wall (around an area measuring at least 60 x 30 m) and a burldinE
of fairly modest size is visible. We have designated it R43.4 (,4R III: 93).
Sherd scatters are a distinctive element of the open spaces in the Central City and har-e been
marked, in a somewhat generalized way, on the survey sheet. They need not all have the same ongxn'
Some could be the remains of groups of vessels left behind when the city was abandoned anj
subsequently reduced to sherds, some could be the remains of dumps ofrubbish which were laid dor'"-i
when the Central City was in an early stage of development and could have been covered rvith a m;
j
'street' surface during the time that the ciry was in use, others must be actual rubbish from the mli
period of activity. The sherd survey has made a preliminary characterisation of many of them- L'r,-:
much more investigation remains to be done. Two stand out on account of their size and distincclr--
content. One of them covers a huge area of desert south of the Great Aten Temple and east ot r:he
provisioning compound of squares Q41/R41 (sampled as areas 5 and 8 ofthe sherd surve\-. -1R I\-:
a:: j
1,1,8-1,9 , cf. also area 9 , and ,4R V: 112) . It consists overwhelmingly of sherds from bread moulds
must derive from the huge bakeries which run parallel with the western part ofthe southern enclosur:
wall of the Great Aten TemPle.
The second large and distinctive sherd concentration is the so-called palace rubbish heaps. *-eL
known since Petrie's day on account of the quantity of Mycenaean sherds which he found rhere
(Petrie 1.894: t5-1,7, ,4R III: 93-4; AR IV: 119). The concentration occupies parts of squares R-l'-l
and S43 and is partly framed by the barracks and associated buiidings. It really consists of nvo are:-'
separated by a zorre of relatively thin sherd cover. Petrie's count ofMycenaean sherds from here s-a-.
1.329 (andrnore, according to V. Hankey). One should remember that this large number derives trom

LiIIi,.\TY
V
a
a
NT

._z _lerialphotographofprovisioningrcmpoundsinMainCityNorth,O43.land.2,ando44'1,tdken17Marth1932'

consequently, could one only

slerd heaps that were unusually thick and dense in places and that,
quanrlflr thrs material in respect of the Mycenaean sherds, the
prominence of the latter within the
but, even so, this would still remain
.herd mass as a whole *oold probably be reduced somewhat;
presence of
: unique concentration. Arrothe, characteristic, especially of the southern dump' is the
'fritting trays' which malch the abundance of fragments of giass
-umps of vitnfied clay and pieces of
from a nearby glass
,.-esselsfound byPetrie (1894: f5-1'6,25) in suggesting that part of the waste came
 and faience industry. The actual source or sources of the material in the dumps cannot, on present
evidence, be located within the ciry. AJthough it derives from at least fwo different kinds of source,
the Mycenaean sherds presumably from a storeroom and the glass and faience debris from a f^ctory,
it still could all have come from a single establishment since lack of specialisation seems to have been
one ofthe conunon characteristics ofa certai.n rype ofinstitution (see the notes on map sheet 6 below).
The results of the sherd survey have shown that a significant degree of simrlarity is present bef'ween
the sherds currently on the sur{ace over these dumps and those from dumps around the Clerks' Flouses
in squares e42 and.Q43 (,4R IV: 119;but cf..4RV: 102-6, remarks on area 25). The source of the
latter is itselfuncertain, however, since they lie behind the Small Aten Temple and its adjacent bakery
and manufactory which we know was also actually engaged in the making of faience objects.
With sheet 6 we enrerthe Main Cirywhich, with the South Suburb, is the largest area ofresidential
occupation and spreads for 2.5 km southwards across sheets 7 and B also. The first point to note is
that not all of the ground covered by sheet 6 is residential. It is very evident that everything west of
the modern road (which follows a major ancient road which we have termed Main Road) falls into
a different category, as does a strip ofuncertain depth to the east ofthe same road. With the
exception
ofapartofabuildingdugandplannedbyPetrie(P43.3) andaglazrngfactoryinO45whichherefers
to (see below), no modem excavation has been carried out over this substantialarea although it is also
clear (from the maps of'Wilkinson and Lepsius and from early aerial photography' see above) that it
was entirely turned over in the nineteenth century. Since, in covering about 4.4 hectares (about 1 1
acres), one is considering an area a third of the size of the support zone of the Central Ciry, it has to
be admitted that our view of the royal (or administrative) sector ofAmarna will remain substantially
incomplete until it is revealed again by excavation'
The Vtain Road cuts the zone into two areas; :hat on the west is further divided into a northern
and a southern part by a broad depression which has sometimes serwed as a wadi outflow and is nou'
the site of the modern water tower and its surrounding barbed-wire enclosure. The northern part
(near\ identical to square O43) seems to be almost entirely occupied by a colossal quadrilateral
enclosure, measuring 205 m east-west and befr,veen about 155 and 180 m north-south (Fig. 13).
Along its northern boundary wall, towards its western end, stamped bricks were noted in 1'977 (Kelrrp
p7B;23, Fig. 1), although the hieroglyphs of the stamp do not identi$z a clear building name. The
enclosure has three major subdivisions running east-west. The northern section (O43.1) is further
subdividedinto atleast two mainparts, awesternwhich is probablymainly'rrngazines' , and an eastem
where further such long parallel rooms are rnixed with depressions which probably signi$' the
presence of wells. The southern section (O43.2) has a conspicuously formal layout with three clear
subdivisions of almost equal size. That on the east was primarily an open court with pylon-flanked
entrance to Main Road on the east; the middle enclosure had two ranks ofbuildings ('magazines' on
the south, uncertain on the north) separated by a broad central sPace entered from the west via a
gateway with projecting walls, ar:d possibly a matching gateway at the east end (the Lepsius plan, Fig.
+, -".1, both as if they were iittle portals); the western enclosure has suffered so much from
denudation that neither the older sources nor visible traces can identiSr to what extent it was built
up, although a central clear space looks certain. Between the northern and southern main sections
1O+2.1, and .2) runs a wedge-shaped area,
probably divided into lwo parts by a central north-south
wall. The eastern part contained two huge wells, the western part seems to have been largell open.
The entire enclosure faced on to a broad space which seems to be a southern continuation of Ror-al
(Fig.
Road, the northward aspect ofwhich terminated with the stone pottalO42.2. The Lepsius plan
4) divides this space along the direction of the road, filling the eastern part with walls which then
becomes the built-up front of the whole enclosure, and leaving the western part (which rvould sn-ll
be some 20 m wide) as the open street. Within even this space, however, is a circular depression
of
h:-:--:-':i O-13.2 rvhereas the kind which often denotes a well (,'4R II: 58, Fig' 5'4)''?2
gi - r __-:r Along the south side of the whole O43 enclosure (i.e. along the south side of O43.2) was situated
r"ng. of buildings probably separated from it by a straight street, perhaps 8 m wide' Only the
"easternmostofthesebuildings (O44.l)isatallwellpreserved(visiblein,4RII:56,Fig.5.3).Asquare
eastem part, with sides of about 40 m and possibly consisting of rooms around three sides
of a
courryard, is recognisable, with an adjacentblockonthe west side, approximately 40 x 30 min extent.
Beyond this zone, to the south, the cultivation has moved in to fill lower ground which has
sometimes acted in the past as a minor wadi outflow. This is now occupied by a water
tower and
pumping station set within alarge Gnced enclosure the ground of which has been interrnittentlv
 _ -..'Jr. B:rcre rhis u-as built the Egyptian
: : _,.^:,r:= edges of thrs rvork, which exten
:,--: : _:-: .' si:et iand appear in the foreground of
: : :r- :.-:d rhe narural desert surface to be almo
--- '-"'.-,'.:. borh rhe Wilkinson and Lepsius maps
,---:--: ',' rli.. roo. $-as built_up grorr.d, p.ob"
::r-r:t:l =or neighbouring buildings by broad s
- t-_,- -
:-_::_r.: iourh srill. rhe remains of buildings
r
--- :,' ,: .. _ mo\ es up to Main Road and truncat
- _ -, r .:. r: i, possible that the large buildings c
- -f :ri *.: rhe r-isible walis fade away well befo
. -, -=,-=:-ei again (see survey sheet 7), private ho

:- __:.-,;,'r:r! io a point norv within the cultivatio

.--i: t.': ''.;,1 d.n..rtion. Oniy excavation
can
--: -:'::rcrlargebuildings(o45.1andN45.1)
occupymosrofthisarea,separatedbyaneast-west
:
'- ' - - -:l 'r':de The rvalis are best preserved closest tL the road
and may give the impression that
..-': - '-:ris n-ere narrower (cf the photograph
in Kemp tglB: pil.vl.1) than those to the north.
- '--' ::a:' and aerial photogt*phr, ho*Juer, suggest that this is
an illusion. Such as can be seen
': - ' - - .-'::-:;ie d of the wall pattern ofthe northern Jfthe pair, o45.1, suggests that this was another
;;;.x ;;. ;., ; il.:;l Jil L';
'-'- .' -1:i-
, ..=,;3,'i",':""t-1,":::::
*'ell in an enclosure ::".::
in the
reco.gnized, much orit evidently fin"a
*iir'..", , though
ugII .r1u
north-easc corner.
It was in the middle of this area that
'_-.-lf:':::1.:l:f:Y"ofa.'stonewithhieroglyphics'(Fig.3).Furtherwesttheevidencefor :o1
:=:-:l-'cimrnishes, aithough 'magazines'
p..hrps air...rrit ie in one part. This building
:r lrcl\ ide d rare evidence for function. Towards
".. has,
. _,, _,..
= ;; J.;ff ,*'f ;il# its north end rn.r cnma .4o L^^r- c-^,, .1
;il::.:i,:;:.,f_T: ;J*LT J:.,T- n:T;$;
--_ ree2 recorded
high readings, i,.rpn*,.
be a ll::::jl
:. -.: : _.._,-
r:r: _::il:,:T;,"",,",;T:I
oikrlns. There has to ?:.: connrm
--= strong presumption th"t thr-r-r, ;;r."r ;r"#':... marked
" -l'---:::'::11::::T1::t1i
::
r8ea:rr.xxxv1."ii'."*i'i"actualyplacesirintheground
th Jpr"" ;i; il;'* ;i;;il;;
r:
rs p resumabrv
"'1": :':':-j::::^'::9:':
d and : :
glaze factory'nea. which an acruar furnace *", t;;;*^.rh"'.;rlil::;:i
']^ ?::,tt*e,imPortance offinding this site again is its location within one
ofthe

: ,::!-r inore rhe nature of a basic,o-,",,,lll,lli#i.oj,"

Iil:ffTlljif:::|".":'#f;
- -- ':-=: 5ur unspecialized centre ofproduction and storag" o'f .o-rnodities.
-. :.-. A little more will
_ :heme later.
- -: :-- :ast-\\-est road to the south
lay the second of the major biocks or building
: -' -: compounds
' -\+5 1 It seems to end to the south just before the larg. oval
:-- .' -, : srretch of desert with a much thinner
. "'.
well depression and to be
t-r:) ' :--ough one ancient buildingmound (
_: _ --_ _ '';-.--r. as previously noted, whereas on
:- : .-. _ _:_- :- zone . the Lepsius plan marks
walis be

._ . :, : _r :,.-:.J ro the east (see below). A separate

'' : ': :::)-I.t river bank has been made by cutting away the desert surface,
-'.

presumably destroying
::-.-'-='-,: r: :rcienr walls. The likely nature
of th. i".g. .o-pounds, as il..e, fo. ih" ,ro."g.,
 llranufactr-lre, and adrtrinistration ofcornmodities, would have becn well ser-ved ifthev had sroocl l i-ir
conve nient access to the river bank, but, as yet, the course ofthe bank along this stretch i' rhc A'rar;,.
Period can be guessed only within broad limits. Minirnum points are provided at cach cr-rd. Lr rhc
north the retnains of the Great Palacc extend further to the west of thc eastern line of l\or-al I{o:r;
South, pcrhaps to a point not too far short ofthe original rivcr frontage (cf thc remore scnsipq rcpL):r
in,4R V: Chaptcr 7). In the sor-rth the so-called 'Iliver Ternple ' site on rhe rvestern edse of El-H:rsr
Qandil, apparcntly butlt on sand rather than alluviunt (COAI: 127 ,134 for refercnces ro r.rnderh in:
'virgin',/'native' sand), shows hor.v farwest the city extendcd, still apparently on dersert. Bets-ec-n the .;
two points the gcneral trend of alignments of the Great Palacc and of Royal Road South:rnd \1;rn
Road suggest that, in the Amarna Period, the river bank (pcrhaps cntircly of dcsert) ran in a shall..,-,
cLlrve sonlewhat, though not greatly, to the east of its prcsent line. Royal Road South nu:r crrir:
have changed its alignmetrt rvestwards to reflcct this, or to have stoppcd rvcll before thc cnd oi-\1:l--
City South. Othcnvise, if it had continued southwards in a straight line, it r,voulcl h:rve rc-erlcr.:-:
it'rto the preserved area of the city (sonrer'vhcre in the bottom left-hand corncr area of rnap shccr I
and therc is tto trace of this r.vhatsocver. Hor,vevcr its course ran, it would still have lcft a broacl .u,:.
of ground bctw'eett the river bank and the large compounds. Only if Royal Road South n;r, L-e :i,-,
thc edge of a broad opclr swrthe of ground runniug besidc the river bank (which is possible) s or-r.j
the largc compor-rnds have faced the river directly. One is then reminded, both in locatiop :11rd i;l
general outli'c, of thc North Adrninistrative Building in the North city.
W'c norv ne ed to rellrrn to the Central City and follor,v the traces of burlcliugs alons thc ca:r :icc
of Mairt Road, for the1, appcar also to have bclongcd to what one can only think of rarher loose-.,
as the ofJicial part of tfie crty. As far as one can tell, the non-rcsidential buildings on this sidc tbnue i
a morc orless continuous frontagc along thc roadbut, unlikc thosc opposite, had relativelr.lirrle dcpii:
rr-rnning back for perhaps 60 rr beforc giving wav to houses. C)nly oLre parr of this zone h;rs L.ccr
excavated attd planned by an archaeologist (althoLrgl-r all has becn turned over), a rectangul:rr br-ril.rrr,-
r-rnit (P43.3) dug by Petric irnmediatcly to the south of the Snrall Aten Temple bake1.. Ir ocrr-:---r-,
aposition r.vhich placcs it \rery close to rvhat rnust have bccn thc north-r,vcstern corncr of rhr: :'-rr-
ofbuildings ancl, in appearing to have becn vet another set of 'nragazines', is hclpfr_rl in conti.::l:-_
'Whether
their gcneral charactcr. the builciines imrnediately to the cast, r,vhich containe d :r larg; i., .
dcpression, arc houscs or non-rcsidential cannot be decidcd r,vithor.rt cxc.rvation.
South frorrt herc little can be discerncd beyond faint traces of a long brick froltagc lfiich slrr::,
to chmge angle slightly as it proceeds. It runs across squarc P43 and into P44 beforc fading aq'ar L.cr..::
a snr:rll lvadi. Ar:ross thc r'vadi thc or-rtlines of buildinss enlerlae again, preceded br. a larqc u-c-r
depression. The first building cncoutrtercd (O14.3) faces the nrodernr watcr tower and is c:-srrll
sr.rbstantial brickr'r.ork, its general outline vcry clc:rr. Four divisions can be sccn fronr north ro soprh
sirrlilar in lavor-rt thor-igh not in size, thc sor-rthcrn bcing larger than thc othcrs. Each divisiop scclrj
to harrc begun r,vith a lorg courtyard and thcn to have procee derd, via an intcrmediatc spacc! ro r groLr-r
ofabout five lortg'trtasazines' at the back. Sor-rth again ftom this building and diagonall),.cru15 \rlr1.rr.
O45stretcl'resastripofgrouncl(O15.2) r.vhichsccnrstohavcbeenlittieblrilton,althouehitlar b.-l.ii1i
a contilluous rvall rurrning along thc side of Main lload. The ninetcenth-century dieginq lc.tr nru: r
ofthis alone , a sure sistr that the sccnringlv open spaces do indeed conrain norhirlg, althorigh rLr\'. .:: -r-
the south traccs of constrnctions ofsome sort:lrc visible. Finallv, -rvith squarc Oz16, the hou.u- :, :
-
takes ovcr and nroves to tlie edge of the road. This adds to the case for seeins the non-resiJ-i-.--,
buildings on the rvcst sicle also conring to au end at the corresponding position.

Provi sionin g Coruponucls

In the Central City it is possible, bccanse of the near totaliry of l)endlcbury's excar.ation. ro Crc-.lrj
broad subdivisions bascd orr function: br-rildirgs for thc royal prescncc, :r provisiolipq co1rl.ron1.i
lvhicl.r rvas probablvjoir-red to a huge bakery, a snialler bakery-rnauufactory, a scribal,/archir-i1q c:1rc
ancl a rnilitary barracks rvith comnrissariat. C:rrr rvc transfer this knorvledgc, generalizec'l as it is. ro rhl
hnge utrcxcavatcd area along the rvest sidc ofMain Road rvhosc outlines apperr so t:rntalisinqh ? Thcr
inclr-rclcatle:rst{burlargcu,cil-laidorltconrpounds,C),13.1 end.2,O4-5.1,andN-l5.l.hrfbnrrrlitr
of iavont :,rrrd probable soliclity of overall constmction thev seenr to sr-1rp:lss thc pror.i:ronrn:
,'--:rlfound of square Q41 in thc Central Ciry, br,rt this, despitc thc r-rntidiness of its general layoul,
--::. n'ith its large magazine block and open spaces, otTer the closcst parallcl available, and such
." jcnce as rve have (including that from recent surface sur-vey) points to food as its main, perhaps
.'-: L.n:iness.
S:is of long parallel chambers are a recurring elernent. In the above descriptions ofthe unercavltcd
----::rpor-urds the r,vord 'magazinc' has been put in inverted commas bccausc thc sanre shape was use d
---.:-r fbr bulk storage and as a place of rvork. This disconccrting and confusing conclusion is based
,.'-. !-il nurne rous instances where scts ofrooms ofthrs kind arc provided rvith ovcns or kilns at the back,

.:-: r'rtior-rs bins and benches of nrud brick, all on too consistcttt a basis to be cxplicable through re-
-.:: The huge quantities ofpottcry bread n-roulds associalcd u'ith thc large set just to thc south of the
--::-rr \ren Ternple (duplicated on a srnaller scale south of the Sma11 Atcn Tenrpie) help to confirm
- ) hrrcrnal details and associated finds are, in fact, thc onlv tneans of discrimin:rtion. The regularly
.-i .ir-cl p.rrririon walls to crcate bins in thc chambers (P42.2) bchind the King's Hottsc arc consisterrt
'. -: r 'ru1k qrain storage. Hor,vcver, when a set ofsuch chambers is seemingly dcvoid ofi.nternal fittings
-,-.:;rhcr (as u'ith the largc block Q41.9 in the provisioning compound), masazine seems the right
.r::r.rrlc:rtiolt, but for r,vhat commodities only associated evidence can tell (if at all). Thus rve rnight
: -: .., :1uc ro thc usc ofblock Q41.9 fronr the tr,vcntl'-51vs hieraric storagc-jar labels found there (listcd
, -r i Ill: 222): two were for wine, one each for grapes ar-rd oil, and tl-rc rct-naining eighteen were for
r: .-.: .llthollgh rvc should also remcrnber th:rt poltcry storf,gc jlrs rvere re-used).
--:: :cts of chambers in P43.1 and .2 south of thc Srna11 Atcn Temple introduce a further
-- -:-:,icarion. Many ofthosc in the formcr contain overls at the back and the uumber ofpotte ry bread
: r -.-i. polllts to this having bcer-i a largc bakery for festival bread. Ho'nvever, Pendlcbury recorded
.-r -rerc br-irldings together also produced a little cluster of pottery rnoulds of the rype r-tsed for
-:-,.-<;lg i.rie'nce jerve11ery, and'man1,'glass rods that'uvcre uscd in the tnanufactttrc of glass objects,
i ,. --. rr rhc qlass carrings ofwhich also 'manv' examples r,vcre found (COA III: 105). To this cvidence
,:-. -, -:-.r L.c lddcd rclated material trom glass/faie nce tlakirrg rvhi.ch has been recovcred in recent years

- ::r .hc rernoval of some of Pendlcburlr's dumps tor,vards thc front of the adjacent Sma1l Aten
, -:: --.1c s hich itself provides no obvious solrrcc for sr.rch material. It rvould thns seem that buildings
,' --: :nd 2 contained littlc factories as well. The fornrer perhaps also housed a rvorkshop for sculptors
' -. 1 c-'f thc finding therein of 'many learners' pieccs itr sandstone inscribed wi.th hieroglyphs' (CO,4
- l. PI LXXV.3). This takes us back to thc largc unexcavatcd building O,+5.1 bcsiclc the Main
-,. --t Tle discovery of an arca of furnaccs (probably Petrie's large mould and glaze factory,) rvithin
:.: :r.-..- large compounds which also contained 'magazine s' seems to point in the same direction.
'.'.. r: rhc rnost obvious things to be learncd from ancient Egyptian dailv-lifc and admi.nistratrvc
--:i.> ri.ar thc collcction, manr-rfacture, storage, trarlsport, distribution, aud (in all these activities)
---..' : .:r.:liorL of commodities food and artefacts 1"y at the centre of lifc. If we conrbine thc
- -
--,. ..- rhe larqc Arnarna cornpounds with impressions derived from written and pictorial sources,
- .' . :-rc basis for one part of an outline model of the Egyptian economy. The organisation of the
-
: -.: i-:::ntenseroleinthestorage,manufacture,andhandlingofgoodsu'asbrokendownintocentres
:,. --_ .-- r. iich r.,'as, to some degree, a represe ntative fragmcnt of the lvholc. Although they might have
-- r.::---r L-ntphasis the bakery/provisioning compottnd bcside the Grcat Atcn Temple is an obvious
., -.::r:i.- -
.pccialising in food they were not particularly specialized eithcr in the nature of thcir
-r:rt.tr)n e q storagc as against - manufacture or distribution) or in the corlmoditics represettted. A
- . ,r:au.rncs shorv np clearly in the archacological record at Amarna, notably certain aspects offood
::----::)ing. sculpturc, and glass/faicnce; othcrs that we should expect, sttch as woodworking,
,. ::: '--:ir' cha.L-iot-naking, and the other crafts so well knorvn from Nelv-Kingdom tomb sccnes,
.': ir -l:.carcelv represented, if at all. Yet it is hard to acccpt that they did not have their place in
..., -- .. Thcse largc compounds (scarcely yct exalnined, although badly turned over and croded)
:: , -i: rr: nrosr iikcly setting for them. As to the Egyptian terminology for this rype of building,
: -- - i :: nrost likely u,ords is !n ', bttl there may have been others (e.g. wl3).
I--..:,:'.:;ions os'ne d by gods and by the king and other members of the royal family played an
. ':.r:-.r:ri p.rrr in Ner,v-Kingdom society. This r'vas somcthing which Akhcnaten rnodified only
: -: .'-. dir ine or.r'nership was confined to aspe cts of the sun-god. It is possiblc to compile quite a
..', .-- :nsritr-rrions at Amarna which belonged to the sun-god, to the krng, to female members of his
=:::--.. rnd ro :r ferv royal ancestors (convcniently summarized in COA III 197-202). For many of
, -:.::-- rie re m'esrate /house' (pr) is used, but therc is also a more spccialized category of 'solar shrinc'
 (!wt-r',literally 'sunshade'). Although it is hard to prove in individual cases, the overall direction in
which the evidence from the New Kingdom (and also from other periods) points is that each
institution properly had a 'residence' (a house, apalace, a temple, or shnne) together with sources
of wealth which often coalesced into centres of manufacture and storage but which were not
necessarily near the residence at all and could, indeed, be far from it. This fact of institutional
dispersion is an archaeological nightmare for, without the lucky find of a text which names the
building's owner, none of its characteristics (its location, shape, range of activities) need point at all
to which residence or shrine it really belonged. The compounds of multiple use, or provisioning
compounds, which ran along the sides of Main Road and so took advantage of proximity to the
waterfront, could well be manifestations of institutions which we already know from other sources
but the centres ofwhich could have been somewhere else atAmarna. To put this into focus: the solar
shrine Maru-Aten stood on its own in the desert south ofthe ciry, with no sign ofan adjacent support
building of the kind with which we are familiar from the rwo Aten temples in the Central Ciry, and
Kom el-Nana. It is quite feasible, however, that it was an institution supported by its own lands and
personnel, and required a provisioning compound which was, however, situated elsewhere at
Amarna.
The state did not, however, have a monopoly ofthe supply ofcommodities, nor, probably, ofthis
type of operation. The residential areas supply evidence for the manufacture of a range of goods as
well as for the provision ofmeat and cereal products within and around the houses and their attached
compounds. Moreover, within the Main City were located several storage and/or manufacturing
compounds which stood either independently or (in the case of the workshops of the sculptor
Thutmose, P47.I) attached to one side. An area of one such compound (Q48.4, see inset top right
of map sheet 6) was excavate d in 1987 , and the suggestion was made at the time (.4R V: 56-63), to
some extent based on an interpretation of one of the Amarna tomb scenes, that it was a centre of
production which had actually been delegated to a high official for whom it would have been, in
effect, apart ofhis estate. The huge commodiry compounds functioning in the way suggested, their
activities reflected in the city behind as people busied themselves in similar ways but on smaller scales,
create an image of a ciry and of a society saturated with things materialistic in a very literal sense.
'Whatever
views one has about spirituality in ancient Egypt in -general, and in the Amarna period in
particular, this is part ofthe realiry. Arnarna was built around commodities, and even (or perhaps one
should say especially) the Aten temples were designed to feed offthis saturation.

The rest of the ancient remains on sheet 6 belong to the housing area ofMain City North. It was
traversed from north to south by two thoroughfares, East Road South and West Road South. The
map shows clearly how modern excavations have followed the sides of East Road South which
offered convenient dumping ground to excavators. On the east side all of the houses have been dug
whilst on the west only at the north end (with house Q44.1) and at the south end (with a group of
houses in squares P46 and P47) was the frontage of 'W'est Road South actually reached. Broadly
speaking, the houses ofthe southern halfofsheet 6 were the work ofthe Borchardt expedition (there
are exceptions), whilst the northern half was largely cleared by the Newton/Griffith expeditions of
1923/4 which remain almost wholly unpublished and which have caused us so much trouble in
compiling the map sheet. The sheet also includes, in the middle of square P46, the sample house
excavated of 1987,P46.33 (,.4R VI).
The reason for the preference to dig on the east side ofthe city is not hard to find. It is clear, both
from the nineteenth-century plans and from the present appe arance ofa few unexcavated areas beside
the older work, that this part had been mostly left alone by antiquities-diggers and offered, therefore,
a more rewarding prospect to archaeologists. 'With a few exceptions (principally the very large
rectangular enclosure with house which straddles squares P45 and Q45 and some parts wesr of the
'Weihnachtshaus'), the ground to the west of the excavated zone has been turned over in modern
times and is superficia\ less attractive. There is another distinction to notice as well. If one walks
across this part of the site from west to east, starting from Main Road, one is struck first of all by the
huge quantities of sherds that have been thrown up by the nineteenth-century antiquities-diggers.
This begins to peter out only as one approaches the excavate d zone along East Road South and
appears not to have continued across the road, as is apparent especially from the many open areas.
This striking diflerence in what is probably densiry of accumulated rubbish (measured most readily
in sherds) continues in this way across map sheet 7 to the southern limrt ofMain City South, but not
n:o rhe South Suburb.
\\-e har-e made no aftempt as )-et to quand$' depth and richness of sherd (i.e. rubbish) co\-er o.r.er
::: enrire cin; it *.i11 be a very large undertaking but should help in understanding both the history
:lC panern ofactir.iq' i1 the ciry, at least in broad terms. -W e have made a start, however, on ansr.vering
rue ba-ric quesrion on the meaning of this rubbish accumulation, which is: does it derive from the
::ousinq area s.here it occurs, orwas it dumped there (amongst the houses) from the large provisioning
;o;npounds lpng to the west? After all, the so-called palace rubbish heaps in the Central City (squares
R+,1. S+3) probably arose from such a practice. One general observation militates against the latter
-srlanarion. The spread of dense rubbish in the residential zone continues southwards for the full
^eneth of the Mai.n City ftut not the South Suburb), even though no trace of a major compound
.un-ives bevond square N45. Then we have at least a preliminary survey of the sherd content across
:.rrip s-hich runs from square Q46 (and the 'Weihnachtshaus') westwards to compounds O45.1 and
\+5 . 1 (,{R V: Chapter 5) and is based on sixteen spot samples of the surface sherd cover (arcas 26-
-r' . 32--12). Most ofthe samples form a group which is relatively homogeneous but which compares
r,:aklv sith most of the samples from the Central Ciry, suggesting the existence of a domestic rype
...-:orren- repertoire. One of the samples (no. 40) stood out as being different, but this, from near
\l::n Road (in building O45.2), was from a non-residential building. From across the road, in the
-rl3 .ompounds themselves, the sherd cover is far less in volume, and only two samples have so far
:;;i raken (nos. 41, 42). The basis for comparison with the main residential part of the strip is thus
-"r-:ek: on the whole it resembles it, though one of the samples (no. 42) may have been afFected by
l:rr:c:nin- to a large well, a frequent source of marl-clay wares. Then again, the material as a whole
-fen considerably from that ofthe palace rubbish heaps. A11in all, we are probablyjustified in seeing
:re rubbish of the residential area as locally derived.
Thrs opens the way to another explanation for its depth, namely, that it is a very general measure
or rhe length of occupation. More rubbish means more time. The effect of this interpretation is to
nake Main City west of East Road South the nucleus of the residential part of the ciry; the housing
;a-.t ofEast Road South and of the South Suburb would have been areas of fresh growth rather like
rie eastern and northern parts of the North Suburb. Indeed, there is a further implication here,
rameh-. that the more southerly parts of Main City between East Road and West Road were also
:idrnons to the core. It is noticeable that, over this ground in Main City South (map sheet 7, see
'b
e nos) . much of the housing was still at a relatively low level of density when the ciry was abandoned.

Tijs eeneralisation need not have applied to the northern end of Main Ciry where it adjoined the
C:nral City. Here an attempt was made to continue southwards one of the main north-south axes
"-'
i:re laner, the one that ran into the scnbal and archivingarea. House Q44.1,, in forming one side
.-: \\-est Street South, perpetuates it, but, within a short distance, the alignment is already being
;-igr,litred with the large unexcavated house and compound in squares P45lQ45. This is set at a slight
'West
=::g]e rr-hich begrns to point Street South away from the general trend of the river bank. The
:n:p also shows how this major street narrowed as it ran southwards, from about 28 m in front of
Q+1.1 to 10 m in front of P47.33. Perhaps the speed of development of the residential side of the
;rn simply outstripped the capaciry to maintain an ordered layout. Much of the area of housing is
.dll unexcavated, but the combination of surface signs and excavated plans suggests that east-west
routes \vere very poorly developed. The beginning of one runs past the north wa)l ofP47 .5, .6, and
.
r 1. but then peters out amidst a group ofsmaller houses which had a series ofirregular routes ofaccess.

-\ narrorver version recurs further to the north, running between Q47 .9 andQ46.2, before opening
into an irregular space largely surrounded by smaller houses. This lack of regular cross-streets is
.urpnsing; for the official buildings which lined Main Road were presumably places to which many
peopie rvouldjourney for work, yet it seems that they could only be approached from north or south.
The internal detail of the residential part of Main City North, as with all the excavated housing
:reas. is open to plan-analysis in the search for social patterning, the value ofwhich can be considerably
enhanced by adding in the results of modern suface survey (cf. Kemp 1,977, Crocker 1985, Tietze
1985. Tietze 1986, Shaw 1992). This is, however, a substantial exercise in research in which the
:un-ev element is still in its infanc], and is notpursued furtherin these observations. It shouldbe noted,
horvever, that the map sheet includes two examples of the small-scale provisioning/rnanufactuing
compounds to which reference was made above, Q45.56-61'z3 and Q48.4 (inset, top .ShQ. 2r In,4R V: 57,Fig 2 25 the :.;: :
Sheet 7 covers what appears to be a wholly residential area. It is divided arbitranly into two parts this building bears rhe o.l. ::
br the rvadi which has swept away a broad swathe of housing though leaving just enough to corrected designacion R-l5.5 6-:
.
demonstrate that orignallr- the housing is hkelv to have run continuously across (unlike the case of
rhe rvadi rvhich diudes the Nonh Suburb). We have used it to subdivide Main Ciry into fwo parts,
\orth and South, the latter ending with the depression that runs just to the south of the large
compound M50.9 and adjacent house L50.9a. The pattern of excavation has been broadly similar to
that of sheet 6, primarily concentrated on either side of the easternmost thoroughfare, East Road
South (which was locally termed 'High Priest Street'by the Borchardt expedition from the discovery
of rhe house of the priest Pawah). The greater part of the plans derive from the Borchardt expedition;
the Egypt Exploration Sociery contributed patches of infill, some of it the work of the GrifEth/
Newton seasons, and an important patch in square O47 dug (but again not published) by'Waddington
in1932.It is very much to the credit ofthe Borchardt expedition that, in addition to the less disturbed
areas to the east, it also methodically cleared broad strips down either side of the wadi (which offered
a convenient place for dumping) in ground already turned over and thus potentially less lucrative.
Their demonstration that the pattern ofhousing remained more or less the same across a width ofsome
700 m (from square P49 on the east to L48 on the west) is of enormous value in forming a general
picture of the city as a whole. The same mixture of house sizes and local variations in orientation is
there as is the clear absence of a north-south road between Main Road and West Road South.
The western side to Main Road is marked to the north by a long wall which bounded the
unexcavated set of courts and buildings O45.2.If this line is prolonged southwards by laying a ruler
along it, rt will be picked up again in the form of a short length of wall bounding house N47.1 and
then further south still, across the wadi, by the western wall ofthe estate ofM47.1. Beyond here there
are no excavated features but the same line can be imagined heading onwards, roughly on the line
of the modern road, passing arange ofunexcavated house mounds on the left (east) side. Ifthis could
be shown to be a true picture, it would give to Main Road an unusual straightness and regularity.
Support for this case was forthcoming from a small patch of the modern road dug in 1911 between
M47 .I andM47 .2.It uncovered a short length of narrow brick pylon and the limestone slabs from
an entrance. The excavators interpreted it as likely forming part of the enclosure and street frontage
of house M47.2lying on the west side of the road (Borchardt and Ricke 1980: 55, Plan 15). This
would help to keep Main Road on this straight alignment and, incidentally, provide a measure ofits
width at this point, 24.28 rn (given in ibid.: Plan 15). It did not maintain this alignment beyond the
southern edge of the map sheet, however, for roughly here it angled westwards somewhat, reflecting
the likely curvature of the river bank.
To the east, both'W'est Road South and East Road South are marked for their entire lengths (other
than across the wadi) by excavated frontages. West Road South follows a particuiarly sinuous course
marked also by changes ofwidth (down to less than 10 m oppositeP4T .30, andjust over this opposite
N49.43-57). The contrast with Main Road is such as to make one wonder ifits course actually marks
a stage of growth, at least in Main Ciry South, and if, for a short time, this was the eastern limit of
the ciry which developed as a regular track, feeding ultimately into the Central Ciry past Q44.1, and
northwards past the house of Panehsy (R44.2). When growth resumed eastrn''ards, this track was
turned into a main street by the newcomers. This is, of course, the logic inherent in regarding the
easternmost strip of Main City (both North and South) as the last extension to the city: the gap
between East Road South and West Road South is much less than that befiveen the latter and Main
Road (in square N49 the distance between the roads is down to 100 m). People living in houses
midway between Main Road and'West Road South had twice the distance to travel to a main road
than those living in equivalent locations between the latter and East Road South. As was suggested
in connection with the North Suburb, the desert behind the city would always have oflered a quick
way of skirting large sections of it, as it does today (Fig. 10), and it is all too easy to imagine several
interfwining tracks developing, influenced by minor irregularities in the desert surface (here a patch
of soft sand, there a clump of bushes). This is an easy explanation for otherwise unexpected
irregularities in estate layouts, exemplified by O49.6 and .7 . These are part ofa group ofhouses which
take their alignments from'West Road South, yet this particular pair terminates easfwards with a
strongly skewed frontage which helped to fix the line of East Road South. If this was respecting a
regularly-used track which had grown up, say, after the development of houses in square P47 (which
includes the house of the sculptor Thutmose) but before the equivalent eastr'vards extension in Main
City South, this failure to choose a nice rectangular plot of ground becomes understandable. The
overall development ofthe residential parts ofthe city seems to owe much to responses to innumerable
local interests as plots of ground were rapidily staked out and access tracks constantly appeared, criss-
,-:osrrng and multiplying on the increasingly chumed-up suface of the desert'
-L in rhe North Suburb, a few regular routes of east-west direction are visible, forming narrow
str-eli. though not set at regular distances. If we take them in a north-south order, the first on map
=heer
I begins from West Road South in square P47, crosses the north-east corner ofsquare O47 (with
a uidrh of c.10 m), and, to judge from the suface topography of the unexcavated area on the west,
:l proceeded more or less in a straight line to Main Road, meeting it in square N46. Its course was
;ordnued easrwards, to East Road South , afl.er astaggered junction at West Road which saw its line
about 20 m. This eastwards continuation varied in width between 8 and 15 m. If
=ored iourh by
ri \ra,i to har.e continued even further east, across East Road South, it would have had to move its
,-ouFe again since its direct continuation across the road was blocked by the large compound Q47.1
Fu-her south the city oattern is disrupted by the large wadi which has washed away a broad cross-
.:cdon. A a resuit, no equivalent street is really visible until one has crossed to the south side. It is
-lurte possible (as suggested by Borchardt and Ricke
1980: 53) that the excavated houses which ran
along the south side of the wadi were bordered by narrow streets on both north and south sides,
be an illusion brought about
' r:rough ior the northern one, along the very edge ofthe wadi, this could
jr-1i1e near truncation of walls through erosion. Its eastern end would be properly marked by the
:;;-.;clearl,vestablishedbetweenhousesO48.5. and.T,butthis,onitsown,isnotsufhcienttoverifii
:r: e risrence of a street of any length since other examples can be found of gaps of this kind which
-;j :nto housing blocks only for a short distance before coming to an end. The existence of an east-
slluares O48/ O49
-r-
-: irreer only 50-60 m to the south is, however, certain. Its line diagonally across
-Westwards
-. =l-lv given by the plan, which shows a
width mostly between 5 and'7 m. across'West
S=eet Stuth (and so across square N48) its continuation is marked more by a general absence ofsurface
on the unexcavated ground than by the excavated walls which should form its northern edge
=:rures
bur rr hich, rnfact,have little in the way of a continuous frontage. In the opposite direction, east'vvards
a.-ross Easr Road South, a broad gap had been left between P49 .2 and .3 which could well have
grown
lrto a srreet if development had continued.
Even further to the south no east-west streets are visible which have the clarity ofthe two described
.o tar. The key area is the relatively narrow strip of houses which lies between East Road South and
$-esr Road South and which has been almost entirely excavated (the exception is the north-west
.orrrer of square N50). It shows two possible streets. One would cross the diagonal of square N49,
-.". here builJing was not yet complete and much open space remained in consequence (and where

:-:bl-.ish had been dumped). An eastward continuation would have been south of the large estate
cJ9.1: anv west'vvard continuation across unexcavated ground is lost beneath the thick deposit of
:;:led-or-er rubbish, although the contours reveal a linear depression along the appropriate course.
The second possible street, identifiedby Peet and calledby him Street C, ran easfwards from the house
o: R.anefer (N49.18; COAI:2-3,9).Its real existence beyond gaps between houses at either end is,
:iof,\-eser! by no means guaranteed, for water action has washed away house walls along a linear course
2nd perhaps left a false impression of a street. Its line was not continued easfwards across East Road
South. rvhj-lst the watercourse has continued westwards over the unexcavated part of the city along
such an irregular course as to raise doubts as to whether a proPer street crossed the site here.
The character of Main City South is not unifoun. As far as one can tell, and one is greatly assisted
br- rhe picture which the strip of excavated housing along the south side of the wadi provides, the
*orrnJb.r*een M;n Road and West Road South was all densely-settled residential space of classic
-\*rrn" rype. The surviving indications are that this was the same along the west side ofMain Road,
alrhough denudation and disturbance have had a more profound effect here than further east. At the
north end of the preserved ground of this zone, just before it disappears beneath the tlelds, the
2a
A sheikh's tomb. half of *---::
Borchardt expedition cleared a scatter ofhouses ofregular fonn (L48.1, 2;M47 .2-4,.6).24 These houses
hadfallen down by the 191 - s. -,
ire close to the wadi, the fine buff-coloured silt or clay from which has spread laterally southwards ofM-li i.'-- :
overthe rearpart
r.ross the area of the Borchardt excavations and beyond to the southern end of the map sheet. The nothing ofwhich is nos'ri:ii-.
rlcr that the Borchardt expedition was able to excavate the foundations of houses buried in this was actually rebuik b-; ::
ilarerial encourages one to think that the strip southwards along the edge of the cultivation is not as Deu tsche Ori ent-Gc.c--'-'.-. -:

sreri-le as it from the sudace. At the south end, coincident with the south end of map sheet (Borchardt 1912: 5-6, -\bb
"ppe".s
-. rhe desert then broadens considerably and extends outside the frame of the map sheet. This furthest Timme 1911:1.9. Abb. 1: .

perc has also been found to contain houses, and they are included in sheet 8 (see below)'
Out to the east, on the other hand, the strip of ground between'West Road and East Road divides
irrto rrvo zones of somewhat different character, the line of division located south of house O49.6
 and the group N49.6, .1,7, .41,. The houses north of here seem to have been built as an island clo:e
to the point where'West Road and East Road were heading for convergence (was'West Road Sourh
at this stage, as it passed in front of house N49. 1 0, a track heading towards Kom el-Nana?) . The are:
to the south grew as a wedge-shaped neighbourhood of generally fairly low density, probablr- a sien
of late development, an impression enhanced by what seems to be a large unfi.nished estate in rhe
middle ofsquare N49. Much ofit consists, as do other similar areas oflow density, ofclusters ofhouse:
separated by open ground, something which raises the question as to whether they represent group j
of families already related by normal family ties andlor by having been neighbours in their prer rou.
home towns. Across the middle, however, and east from the house of Ranefer, runs the dense zone
of contiguous houses which gives the impression of having been a street. It has a ciose counterpf,r
(including the possession of a rough central back-to-back building line) in the houses on the nor:lr
side of squareR45 (map sheet 5), another zone of general low densiry and on the ciry fringes. \\-ere
groups like this houses for the dependants of an adjacent official? In the latter case thrs s-ou-i
presumably be Panehsy and, in the former, Ranefer, although the latter's house and estate is ocid-."-
small for a man of his rank, given the space available for building on the edge of the ciq'. To _judge
from the depth ofaccumulated rubbish and the evidence for a total rebuilding ofRanefer's orvn hou.e
(COAI: I2-I4;Peet1,921,a:172-5), the Ranefer block must have been an early 'colonisation' ot rhe
outlying area, remaining on its own for some time.
The southern end of this neighbourhood is dominated by the large enclosure M50.9 s-hi.ch u:.s
built along the edge of what was, in effect, e low escarpment which helps to mark the end of \Iar:r
City South. Perhaps in order to occupy the maximum amount ofground its front wall (pror-ided u r:-
pylons) was built askew, along the line of the likely track that had come to mark the \l'estern lir:r:r
of the city for a while and was now being turned into a main thoroughfare flVest Road Sourh . I:
contained, in addition to two large wells, a set of 'magazines'and, in its southern corner. circrla:
-:- -i-R \-: 59 the granaries were granaries in a court.2s It is perhaps another (unfinished?) example of a provisioning compounl :-
::--:J ro as ovens, on the basis which Main City South possessed another example on the outer north-eastern fringes iP-{9 ,1-:
-: ::: onlr- avarlable evidence, a
provided with ample space for storing commodities together with a sculptor's workshop Atta--1-.:
::-.',recch in a notebook. In 1,992
to the side ofM50.9 (perhaps a sign of ownership?) lay a house in large grounds with a rvell-pre.e :-, -:
: ----;'.iLar feature was cleared in
garden and chapel (L50.9 and .9a) which, in modern times, came to form the basis for an erpccre::-
-:: :alrern corner of the small
--:-:, and it turned out to be a house, built first by Borchardt and then extended by the Egypt Exploration Society. 16 On th.- rc---
--::--:-:r brick-floored gtal' ry; side of enclosure M50.9 stand rwo well-constmcted circular brick buildings (M5(r.1-. .-)
::r lr:rablv the other circles were, surrounded by large areas of sherd rubbish. Excavation by Petrie and Griltrth failed to clarii- ::-.:
purpose (Petrie 1,894: 24-5; Griffith 7924: 302-3), although it is most likely that thel- n-ere ',',-eL
There are also signs, both from excavation and from suface material, that a dispersed g1ass,/taier:;;
l--. , ould have been the site,
:: l. of Petrie's huts. The industry was situated in this general area on both sides of West Road South.
:= crprion he gives of their Finally, one should note two buildings which lie outside the frame of map sheet 7. One t ,5 i. -.
:::don fits (Drower 1985: 188), shown as an inset to sheet 7) is a huge double grain silo with access ramp; the other (P 49 .16 . not sho.,'-::
- j r: r: even possible that they looks like an administrative building of some kind, perhaps (to judge only from its location er-:r:
;::-,:r'e d as a narrow line ofrooms
another police post. It is interesting to see the vacant desert being already marked out for oi---i
:=:::rd the house and were used
:'. :r- Egrpr Exploration Society buildings which, once in use, would have created a pattern of tracks on the desert. Had rhe --r:--
:-] : >3r of SfOreroOmS. continued to grow eastwards, doubtless both these buildings and the tracks which sen'ed sllEin 1.,--.';-
have helped to deterrnine the locai orientation of the new houses and streets.
The last map of the series, sheet 8, covers ground that is the least known of the cin- and rs Li:--,
in the area east ofEl-Hagg Qandil, to remain so. A large part of it we have termed the Sourh S;r:::
The modern road eastwards to the South Tombs, which passes close to house L50.9a. follo-".'. a i:'"-. -
lying strip of desert which could be the line of an ancient road. The visible pafts of the cin- si!-',-"- .:
area of relatively low housing densiry which terminates in the south (along the line of a s-adi r.",:r:-
is now filled with cultivation) with rwo particularly large houses and their estates N:-r.
archaeologists have dug and where, in innumerable places, modern villagers have done the s:.:ir:
relatively little archaeological material (including sherds) has been turned up. The overall impres.rc,--
given by this area is that of an extension to the city occupied for less time than the core pait a:-j.
although this is a characteristic probably shared with the eastern parts of Main Ciq, South an,j. ,:r =
lesser extent perhaps, Main City North, it therefore seemed reasonable to give it a separare narn:
South Suburb.
It should be noted that the frame of the rnap sheet is located more to the west than that of si::.:
7 and so takes in an extra portion of Main City South lying to the west of Main Road s'here 11.
-:-.--::'-...on r1lls back (principally square K49) . Along the western edge of West Road South house
- ,-
-lis are r-rsible. but, as one moves funher wesnvards, the desert is very close to the present surface.
-:- :::: r:orthern part (around the intersections of squares K49 andL49) the surface material is c1ay,
---i r: :. nor clear if this covers an archaeological layer or not. Over much of square K49, however,
.--: j=:.: .hallos- pits rvhere gravel is dug, together with many of the sondage pits of the Egyptian
---::.::_*irie. Organisation, revealathi.ncoverofearthydebris (I5-20 cm) oversterileharddesert. Over
:--. ,::.:;eh promising surface two patches of gravelly lines denoting denuded wails are visible and
:-.-,. :::n marked on the map, the spaces betlveen them seemingly empty.As one approaches the
-,:--= .-- :he culrivation, however, the depth of deposit suddenly increases and houses are preserved.
- .: _T-9.1and.2) wereexcavatedbytheBorchardtexpeditionbuttheiroutlinesarenolongervisible
-- -. :urrc likelr'that no. 2 is now beneath the fields, as marked on the map sheet, although its position
--.:':-.: be accurately plotted on present evidence). Part ofa maj or house (K49.1) and a minor building
_-- -1 s'ere ercavated by the Egyptian Antiquities Organisation as part of an investigation into
'-.:r-::r.r rhis area of desert should be released for cultivation. Only the rear part of the house was
--:- -- --- ::e d. but, rvith a width of at least 32 m, it is close to being the largest house so far revealed at
,j::r.::ra U25.11 in the North City had a full width of 33.50). Apart from uncovering the plan, the
...,--, .:ron rer-ealed that the floor was about 70 cm below the level of the adjacent fields, with the
--.,: :::r:lication that this is perhaps one of the few places where modern agriculture has not removed
::.. .:r,-i:nr desert surface and, with it, everything archaeological. About 70 m to the north an old
, --',r'! lomb has protected a clear ancient house mound.
- --- South Suburb itself can be divided into two parts according to its modern history. The
:-.--,-r::n part, made narrower than the southern by the advance of the cultivation, survives as a
.-,:-,.-eh- undisturbed archaeologicallandscape ofsmoothlyundulatinghouse mounds and occasional
.. ." nlqes and well depressions. Its condition must be still rather akin to that of the eastern margins

:: i-r: -\ lain City where Borchardt and the early British archaeo).ogists concentrated their attentions.
'*-:c-lel excavated a sample of houses in this part (K51.1-4;L51'.1', COAI: 17-1'8) and found the
--r-: - :-roup, close to the modern road, to be much ruined, blaming the damage in one
case (K51.1)

-:--.:i.itkltirt,Evenifthisblamewerejustified,moderndiggingoverthisareaisnotconspicuous. This
, :--r narked contrast to the southern and more distinctive (and considerably broader) part which lies
--. ,nJ the modern village of El-Hagg Qandil and has served as the site of its cemetery since modern
- ---c:i. be gan. It is shown as such on Wilkinson's map (Fig. 3). As with the modern
cemetery behind
-:-l:,1. some of the tombs are well-built domed constructions which must now be more than a
-:---.--:1 and a half old, and thus ancient monuments. Part of the cemetery runs continuously to the
:::-: ot rhe r.i11age but, especially on the south, a broad stretch of ground which remained unused
:-: ::r:s pur:pose has been increasingly taken over by the village for a variety of purposes; most
: ,.-::inenr has been the building of a large school (approximately within square I52) since the survey
',-,
=) .ompleted.
Ulronunately, the entire area was a built-up part ofthe ancient city which must also have run over
:--: Jound on which the village itself stands, a fragment emerging close to the modern river bank
,: ::e sire of the so-called 'River Temple' excavated tn 1922.27 A few tell-tale features still survived r7 Most of this sire r! rn.:- -i::.
'-' ' 9- , along the eastern edge of the village and are marked on the map sheet. Mostly they are have been pans oi,r -:.'.--::'---
Penod tosn sl:,rc: . -' . -,
-':--erpected dips in the ground which invite the identification ofancient well, but parts oftwo ancient abandonmcnt oi tl-. :
j:lu)e mounds protected by ruined sheikhs' tombs 1ie amongst houses along the east side of square 'Lemple'probrbh' : :. - -
.j,il The sourhern edge of the village has been extended in recent years by the building of a large late Ncw ltnudor:' . - . ,: -: .

:,-::rpler comprising a mil1 and the mrller's huge house. Behind it (i.e. on the west) a small patch of presencr of .\n.'' :-: --
j:.e:t has been protected, again by a sheikh's tomb. When vi.sited tn 1977 a ruined wall length, pottqry can be ur.t: ., . :
occupation at thi. rirr. - ,
::ccabh- relatively modern, was visible on the surface, but trenches had cut through a north-south
,..- r.,'huch rvas probably ancient (and is thus marked on the map). Hardly any sherds remained, and
,--: :iose none couid be dated.
i;-- r-ren'ofthe near obliteration ofthe whole southern half ofthe ancient remains in this map sheet
-,,'- ra\-e placed hear,y reliance on the 1922 aeial photographs which show up the outlines of many
r:rcrenr ieatures. To match the importance of this source its imagerywas, as explained in an early
.:--:',on. digrtized, corrected, and enhanced by computer, although the difficulry of locating control
:--r:rrs on rhe ground limited the accuracy that could be obtained. The stippled outlines ofbuildings
::rj orher features is an attempt to render the main ancient features, although one cannot always be
>;:- thar one's interpretation of patterns of light and shade is correct. The key image used is
 ."ra

14. Digitized and conected image of part of the South Suburb deriued;from a 1922 aerial photograph.

reproduced here as Frg. 14.

The line ofMain Road canjust be made out crossing the middle of the map sheet, on its long axis.
As it does so, it bends slightly to the east, although its general direction as it enters the map sheet frame
from the north is more to the west, following the bend ofthe rive r, than in map sheet 7. Ofthe ancienr
remains lying to the west, a wide area of Main Ciry South survives, as has just been described, but
for the South Suburb little is now available for examination. It begins as a narrow strip of desert
betrrveen road and fields and includes the excavated house of the vizier Nakht (K50.1), lbliowed by
what is possibly an unexcavated house mound in the eastern corner of square J51 . Shortly beyond
this, to the south, the cultivation falls back along the line of the modern road wesf'uvards to the El-
Hagg Qandil ferry. Then, for about 500 m, a wide strip ofwhat was once the city conrinues but now
paftly covered by a modern cemetery and other manifestations of village life. A thin cover of stones
and sherds, and occasional more explicit evidence of ancient buildings, is present, interrupted by rwo
roughly linear areas, clear of debris and free of evidence for modern digging, which could be the
remains of ancient streets. One of these, about 10 m wide, crosses the east-west diagonal of square
I52;the other, at about 25 m, is much wider and heads towards the western corner ofsquare 153. The
latter seems not to have had a continuation eastwards across Main Road, but with the former its line
could be seen as being continued by the gap north of the enclosure belonging to houseJ53.1.
The area ofthe South Suburb to the east ofMain Road is itselfdivided again inro two north-south
stnps by the course ofWest Road South which now runs almost, but not quite, parallel to Main Road,
rather surprisingly diverging from it at a shallow ang1e. Again one has the impression that tracks which
had not been laid out by survey but had developed along lines ofconvenience played a large part in
dictating the outlines ofbuilding plots and roads. By the time the city was abandoned South Suburb
 ,=: -.-r'l easnr-ards for some depth beyond West Road, more or less as far as the expected
, *:--r'::is conrinualion ofEast Road but not sufficiently for buildings to cross the line ofEast Road
=--
j .: ::t::it it out perrnanently. Nevertheless, East Road may stiil have rrrn behind South Suburb
-, , ::':-<. :rd South Suburb would then have resembled what one imagines Main Ciry looked like
--- :---- =.:,.,- r-e ars of its deveiopment.
-:-l -rburb easr of Main Road also divides into a northern and a southern zone by virtue of the
5, S

r,; : -.::. -]:ltes ar the south end. These two estates are likely to have been the southernmost two
-: :,,- -,''--cle c1n . at ieast as far back as this, for beyond them on the south the desert slopes down
.::---- !- ' rCi. nos entirely cultivated, to the south ofwhich the desert is quite devoid of traces of
-."

.-=-:::_-::--' It is necessary to qualifiz the statement with the words 'at least as far back as this' for what
- - '. , .:' rtuch Like s'alls from an Amarna-period house stand (or stood until recently) beside the
--
'---- r:- :-'r: r-rJlage of El-Amariya. This is further south but much closer to the river. The house to
I .. -:,::13 xlore easterly of these enclosures belonged was excavated in 1911 by the Borchardt
:-'-: r:-:-ln The published report (Borchardt and Ricke 1980: 335) identifies it as the largest house
'' . -, ---r --::'r:en excavated at Amarna, larger even that the house ofthe vizier Nakht (K50.1). It seems,
,-- :'--: '-r :lr\ e be en exceeded by its still unexcavated neighbour to the west (now crowned by a
.--:r=-.-:.lir'stomb)insquareI53,byK49.1,andbyLJ25.11intheNorthCity.Theestatesofthese
,' - -:-.:. :lso seem to have been particularly grand; both show large well depressions at their
.- , -..:=- :i js e ach rvith an adjacent mound to the east which probably covered the remains of a

- - .: = - *e.' there had been a southern palace which is now lost beneath the village of el-Hagg

----,." :::: iocarion of these estates, presumably occupied by two of the most senior figures in the
- -- : =l:nirustration at Amarna, shows how far a preference for a good location took precedence
' :: ::rr:run to the Central Cify and the focus of royal life.
- --: -crhern part ofthe South Suburb seems to show nothing exceptional. Northwards from both
,.::= :.::.t:s rhe evidence is hard to interpret for some distance on account of the modern cemetery.
- --. =::urC looks relatively empty and such traces as are rnarked (rather hesitantly) on the map sheet
- --,--: :::ote erther patches of rubbish or the remains of small houses but, in either case, probably
:.--,i-.-, ::s:ersed. Once the area of cemeteryandmodern disturbance ispassed, however, itis clear
:-.: :--: i. in an area of clusters of small to medium-sized houses, some set in quite large estates
-
- --- --
j-:: -- :har torvards the eastern corner ofsqu areK52). The few dug by'Woo1ley i n 1922in squares
-'": - .---: L51 help to provide an objective assessment. As alreadynoted, the general appearance of
',''l t-: area. rncludingwhat is visible on the suface, seems to suggest that it was a late development
: ,--r. : .hon history, occupied for insufficient time for significant amounts of rubbish to build

-_,1-\: |'I-\LlRKS

---: rlan is itself a source for statements on urban layout and aspects of human cognition and
-.-:c;r llhich manifest themselves in the ways that walls and spaces are arranged.
The making and
:":-u:r:- of these maps are intended to improve knowledge of the city at this level, knowledge
.---r r:n be used by
others. It is not, however, all that archaeology can provide. The maps come
-'-: -- :-r: 'r aming that the ciry is still covered with a vast amount of debris, either as part of the
surface
-- , :: -r: :re sent in old spoil heaps, which has the potential to modifii interpretations based only on
: .:-, T:e old ercavation reports are not a guide to its composition. This debris is unspectacular and
::::---: oi direct interpretation. The expedition has, through a sherd survey and other similar
:.-: ---:-) :nvoh'ing suface collection of certain categories of artefact, started to address this problem,
_ -: --,-::r u'ith regular progress, it will be a long time before this material, the real grist of archaeology,
-':- :- ::reCe to contribute with the power that it undoubtedly has the potential to do. Plans of
-- --
-::--:s are the easy part of archaeology.
. - -r:-..-arra erists on the ground (and in our plans) , it also exists in the mind. The notes that we have
.-,'-::: rn the last sections, when not descriptive, have mainly focused on possible institutional
...r:--:-n-nls and on how individual buildings or parts of the city might have been used in fairiy
: ::r: -- n-avs. But contemplation of the city as a whole can conjure up more abstract images of a place
"' ---- - .:,istled the inhabitants' desire for a certain kind of order, for a sense of things being in their
 nght place, even ifthis was not fully articulated hence the title of one recent study ofAm erna,,city
as cosmos' (O'Connor 1989: 82-6). The pnncipal - point ofreference or archetypal model is provided
b,v ideal cities in China and other parts of south-east Asia, as well as Mesoamerica, where the layout
of cities can be related to explicit statements of meaning and where meaning was articulated on the
ground in clear ways. Through the orientation of the city to cardinal points, the placing of gates in
the city walls, by principal axes within the ciry and a conspicuous nodal point, cosmic structure was
made manifest (-Wheatley 1971 seems to have played an important part in communicating these ideas
-Western
to audiences). If we are going to ask whether Amarna exemplifies the same phenomenon,
though conveyed through a vocabulary offorms which is specifically Egyptian, these cities show what
ciry-as-cosmos might look like. It is an important matter. In China and south-east Asia the carefully
arranged ciry was part of a self-consciously stmctured mode of thought and way of liG. If we assume
that New-Kingdom Egyptian cities are further examples, we are, at the same time, making an
important statement about the way that New-Kingdom Egyptians thought.
What for:rnal stmcture, then, did Amarna possess, and what aspects of the Egyptian cosmos might
such structural elements reflect? The ciry (even the Central City) had no walls or external gates (unlike
earlier Egyptian cities) and thereby lacked the most powerful means ofbringing order to the whole.
Its most conspicuous and perhaps only concession to formality ofplan is the line ofRoyal Road. Even
this was compromised because, before reaching the North Riverside Palace, the line bent westwards
to allow for the curvature ofriver and cliffs. If correct alignment had been very important, this need
not have been allowed and the North City could have been buik a little further to the south. Along
the rest of its course Royal Road determined the orientation of the North Palace , the Great palace
and King's House, and the two Aten Temples. Fufthermore, if one lays a ruler along this line on a
map of the Amarna plain (and it can be done with the map on the Key Sheet of this book, see also
Fig. 10) it will be found to pass also directly in front ofKom el-Nana to the south. The location and
orientation ofthe Kom el-Nana enclosure are themselves sufiiciently odd as to make it highly unlikely
that this is coincidence.
The line of Royal Road deviates somewhat from present-day true north. That it was fixed by
celestial observation of some kind (exactly what that was we will leave on one side) is made likely
by the fact that it is almost duplicated out in the desert by the orientation of the Deserr Attars (COA
II: Chapter V), although not altogether carefully, since the orientation of the line of brick platforms
is not quite the same as that of the adjacent stone shrine and its enclosure. By this alignment, the
architect fixed the position not only of the altars and platforms of the main religious enclosures at
Amarna but also (although at right-angles) ofthe solarplatforms in the north-west court ofthe North
Palace. Flowever, this alignment, by whatever means it was reached, was not essential for solar altars,
for the whole Maru-Aten enclosure and its constituent shrines deviate from it quite conspicuously
(for Maru-Aten see COA l: Chapter V).
Given an axis of this length (over 6 km), it is natural to look next for significant divisions and
particularly for a central point or perhaps an axis crossing it perpendicularly. Here an obvious dif{iculry
arises. What should we take as the north end? Should it be the last point on the line before it angles
westwards just before the North Ciry, or should we include the bend and set the north termination
at the Great Gateway of the North Riverside Palace? The fact that there is a choice at all introduces
an arbitrary element in succeeding steps in analysis. The points where the axes ofthe two Aten temples
intersect Royal Road line are the most obvious points of division to consider first. The axis of the
Great Aten Temple is the longest of any building at Amarna whilst the axis of the Small Aten Temple
almost (but not quite) points at a conspicuous break in the cliftt formed by the entrance to the valley
which leads to the Royal Valley. Yet neither axis falls on the Royal Road line at a significanr point
of division (not even Golden Section ratios). From this point of view afar better candidate is the
Bridge linking the King's House with the Great Palace. This lies more or less midway between the
axis of Kom el-Nana and a point close to where Royal Road takes its westward turn in the north.
The two ramps and the piers make ideal components for a bridge, but, if one is looking for a grand
cosmic scheme, they are also sufEciently massive to have supported a striking vertical structure ofsome
sort which would have given the city its nodal point (not that we are seriously advocating one, for
this would presume that the architect saw the city in this way, and this is the very thing that needs
to be demonstrated).
Texts from Amarna (principally the Boundary Stelae, RTV: Chapter V; Murnane 1.984) otrer a
degree of direct insight into Akhenaten's own vision of what he was doing, and immediately put our
, .: .- t-; his cin- into an e \ren rnore unfamiliar pcrspcctive. By explicit definition as u'cll as b,v rhc siting
---, .:circ o1i both sidcs oftl-re valley the king's creation, Akhetaten (which is tlowhere
called a ciry),
. .., :rr:lrpg le ss than a srvathe of the valley rn whi.ch the ficlds and villagcs of the rvest bank would
-Wc
. .' : -r1re d rhe iargcst elemcnt. have no means ofknor,ving how this part was laid out, but, fi-orn
. . -r.,'rher rhe residential arcas of the city at Anrartra were allorved to develop, r,vc might exPect
-
,--.,. :-:: laldscape rvhich the king took over on the west was lcft largcly as he found it atrd ll'as uot
--''.:r saolnetr1c treatnr ell t.
i- lrc to be careful, we are obliged to usc a phrasc surch as 'city at Anarna' and not Akhetaten
.'. .-
,,. -:,i- rctirrirlg to the place which is the subject of thcse maps be cause no satisf,rctory
si.ngle ternl for

: :.:ti-rges 1om t6e tcxts. This is so despite the fact that, on thc earlicr set of Bourldary Stelae, thc
.:,,-= --.;1L.11.-1isrs tl"re major r,vorks that hc rvill carry out at Akhctaten, placing them in tr'vo broad

-=--.-p.. ]-rich are handled rvith slightly ditTere nt

g phraseology: temples and palaccs forln one, tombs
-
: --: .irnared in the c:rstern mountain form the othcr. The first group is clearly of great importance
--':;.r.- srr-rdy of the built city (see the discr.rssion by Fairrnan, COAIII:189-2I2).ln the u'ay lhat rt
- :-r rrl1r. this part is evidently not a straightfonvard catalogue but i.rself subdivides iuto trvo scts of
, -:.: l.uildings. Each one is an elenrcnt rvith tl-rc sane forrnuilic sentcnce
'It is in this place that I u'il1
: .i: \ tbr the Atcn my father ir Akhctaten', r,vhere X ir-r the first group stands for the House of the
--.,:r. rhe Mansion of the Aten, apd thc Solar Shrine of thc great queen [Nefertiti] , and in the lattcr
(pryt)fot
--:r-.-,..rndsforabuildilgfortheAtenthenanrcofr.vhichislost,adivclling/apartlnents
L'.-.--rL..h and anothcr for the qLlccl1.
Tl.- nro groups ofburlchngs arc separated by:i curious set of sclltences the tratlslation of u'hicl-r
: jrr-,.:ri a'rbiguor-rs and thus undcrlines the ditficulty ofusing the ancient ternrs iu a nrodcrtr
r,vav. It

r. '-':rnaL.s to be rcad somethirtg likc:

Ir is 1r this placc that I (havc said that I) will nrake a House of l\ejoicing for thc Aten rny fathcr
in rhe island of 'Aten distinguisbcd in jubilees'in Akhetaten,
\1d so ir is in this place that I have made a Flouse of Rejoicing for the Atcn my father in the
r.land of 'Atcn distinguishcd ir-r jr'rbilces'in Akhetaten.
6 this placc I do all the r,r,orks that fhavc] to be done for thc Aten rny fathcr in Akhet:rter-r.
l :J1e 1rs ofinscri.bcd stolc bearing thc namc Flouse ofRcjoicing r,ve rc lonncl il both tl'rc Great Ate n
I.irplt :r1d the Great palace. Most ofthcrn (which derive from thc Great Palace) state that thc Flousc
ioicile was lr the House of the Ate1, I tcrln rvhich, hor.vever, se elns to relatc cspecillly to thc
- Re
rr-.tr Tcnplc. Fairrnan cornpromised by assuming that thc icrtn Hottse of thc Atcn was uscd quirc
--:...-.Jh' ,rnd encompasscd thc Great Palrce as rvel1, r,vhilst taki.ng
the House of 1\ejoicing rcfcrcnccs
'island'hc acccpted
-, .-:'.tilr lncl concluding that tr,vo Honscs of Rejorcir-rg wcre to be built. The
, .-..rlJ be raker-i figuratively aud suggcsted that it was a tcrnl for r'vhat, sirrcc Perrdlcbury's time, has
--..'n callcd thc Central City (CO,4 III: 196).
[)pe cal, howcver, slide thc bor.rndary betr,veen the ]iteral and the figurative interprctation ofplacc
,: lo'r;rin terms such as these in one direction or another. The fact that the rvord'housc'c:rn, it-t
E:r'L.ti,rn (as in other langr-rage s) , rcfer to a spccific building or broadly to an cstate or to a household
,. --. * .-ll-knorvn exarnple. Ifone inclines lnor-c to the figurative ir-r the cctrtral setrtcnces ofAkhcnaten's
:.-:iitlinq progranme onc can make thenr irlto an interjccted assertion which crnbra.ces bolh the thrcc
: rrl.lings already listed and thc three that are ycl to conrc. Thc entirc phrase 'House ofRe.loicing for
-::: -\te1 rnlr fx1h.. in the island of "Aten distinguished in jubilees" itr Akhetatcn'tllcn becontes a
-'vords,
-l-.r-llce to the rvhole dcsert zope jn rvhich the tcrnplcs and palaces rverc placed, irl othcr
. :: .rode rn sitc ofEl-Amarna. Thc island become s a svnonym fbr Hor,tse c>fthc Aten arld the corllple tc
: r:r.c a1 clegant variation of the nrore conlnlon'House of Rcjoicing of thc Aten in the House of
-'vbolc. lfrvc do this
.---; \ren in Akhctaten', a piling up ofpicturcsquc gencral tcrms for Atrrarna as :r
'. : il.o bettcr sensc of another inscription, on a statuc basc (its placc of finding unforttrtratel,v
'rakc
-.:t-<ro* r.vhich rcfers to: 'Thc Solar Shrine of princcss Meritatcrr... in the House of l\cjoieiDg iD
'),
r., Hotrse of the Aren in Akhetatcr | (COA III: 1 93) . Thc first part is an apt rcfercnce to Martt-Atcn,
. ..'ilding r,vhich fcatr-rred the nanre ofMcritaten pronrinently :rnd cotrtaitred a solar shrine spccificalll'
:.-.cnbcd as such. Thc second part sirnply says that it was in Anlarna.
The tlrst thrcc buildings of the list, thc House of the Aten (here presr,rr-rrably I specific building and
-r..r l donrain) the Mansion of thc Atcn, and thc Solar Shrinc of thc great qLreell, solrtrd like three
,
ma_ior rehgious foundations centred on temples. The first rwo are probably the two major Aten
remples r.r1h. C.ntral Ciry, both ofrvhich u,ere supported by a provisioning compound
built to one
side rvluch specia1ized in food production, presumably forlarge public festrvals' In
the case ofthe Small
Aten TempL and its adjacentbakery, numerous bricks usedin the constructionwere actually stamped
,Mansion of the Aten'. t, h", to remain a guess for the moment, but a building which fits the third
place is Kom el-Nana, on account both of its location on the origi.nal ciry axis and in also
possessing
As for the second group of three buildings, the
, -r3o. food-production centre built along one side.
dwellings ofPharaoh and ofthe queen, they could
name of one unfortunateiy lost, the other Nvo the
embrace the various palaces along Royal Road between the Great Palace and the North
Riverside
Palace.
'We are obviously looking hard for symmetry here and finding it in a series of buildings laid out
bv Akhenaten at the outset single line marked on the desert. Ceremonies oftemple alignment
"iorrg "
,.:... ,r.ry ancient in Egypt, "nd it *oold be no surprise to find him following tradition in this'
Hor,vever, even if we this symmetrical interpretation and grant that the establishment of a
"llo* was to fix the
celestial base line was a significant act in the city's foundation, the prime purpose
aLignments of key buildings and not to selve as a visible axis. From this point on convenience took
over. The northern part, as far as the Small Aten Tempie, was retained as Royal Road because it ran

closely parallel withlhe river bank, but much of the southern half of the line was soon
lost bene ath
the development of Main City, on which it seems to have had no appreciable effect. Kom el-Nana
in view of entrances on at least three
must have been approached at an angle (or from more than one
where no straight avenue
sides), but this was true also for the Sanctuary zone of che Great Aten Temple
fact that none
existed to link the entrance building (S39.2) to the North City. Indeed, it is a striking
its perimeter
of the main temples seems to have possessed a processional axis which extended beyond
All by making
(not even the Great Aten Tempie, ,.. the discussion on map sheet 4)' had to be entered
a turn.
It is still possible to constrllct on this abbreviated layout a metaphor of the sun's progress in the
regular jo.rrrr.y, of the king along Royal Road between the North City and the Central
Cify
may weil have gone through this mental exercise
1o'Conr1o. 1989: 86). Akhenaten's courtiers
themselves, but this is not the same as saying that the outline of the city had any hold on
their minds'
This can be demonstrated quite easily. A limited number of the owners of larger houses possessed
chapels (lkram 1989) , sometimes set in fonnal gardens entered through a
pylon, but these are no more
than other houses. Two
."r.frly aiigned to the axis of the ciry'Whilst of the owners were senior priests'
panehsy (wiih two houses) and Pawah. the house ofthe former beside the Great Aten Temple
(R44.2)
(T41.1j took onthe axis by beingtuilt pirallet to the temple enclosure wall, his other house
not much better, and the t'vvo stone chapels
is one of those most askew to it. The chapel of Pawah is

in the North City (U25. 1 t ,U25.7) took their aiignment from the deflected line ofRoyal R oad. One
Hatiay) unique
of the private chapels in the North Suburb (in house T34.1, ofthe overseer ofworks
is
Pls' X'
in containing a model of a set of three solar aitars such as were built for royalry QOA II: 6'1'
Even in this special case, however, the orientation follows that of the house which,
XV, XXIII.3).
of a
in turn, seems to be derived fro- casual element in the development of the suburb (it is part
" is,
block of houses which is at an angle to West Road North, although the latter probably
coincidentally, verY close to true north).
It is reasonable to think of Akhenaten living and moving in architectural settings which amounted
to an aftificial world filled with reminders of the power of the sun-god transmitting vertically
a domain
downwards. However, these parts were a set of picturesquely described elements forming
ofhouses
in Akhetaten, the latter -o.. of . province than a city. The city that we see and plan, a place
more or invisible to his gaze, whilst
and streets as well as public buildings, seems to have been less
most elevated amongst them, to
it does not appear to have occurred to the inhabitants, even the
We can call
transfer even the minimal alignments of the city to their own houses or neighbourhoods.
everywhere,
the city a cosmos only ifwe stretch the teffn to the point where it embraces all settlements
kind. If our of reference is the highly-
which inevitably reflect mental models of some standard
then Amarna stands out as
structured fype of city of China, south-east Asia, and Mesoamerica,
the city was home'
something very ditTerent, and the same is true for the rype of mind to which
a
APPENDIX 1. APPENDIX2.
(1894).
bases of the Identifications of the numbered buildings in Petrie
Levels of the north-east corners of the concrete
South Suburb'
electriciry pylons which form the base line for the
Marn Ciry, and Central City (map sheets 7 to 4)'
Petrie no. Amarna building no.

py'on no. level

1. not identified
2. not identified
45 48.095 3. not identified
16 46.895 4. not identified
17 46.755 5. Q43.76
.+8 47.295 6. Q44.18
19 47.1.20 7. not identified
50 46.670 8. o47.21,
51 46.895 9. o47.1.9
)2 47.200 10. Q43.75
53 46.61.0 1,1. not identified
54 47.210 12. M50.18
]J 48.840 13. P42.1
56 48.520 1,4. P49.16
5l 48.370 15. 051.1
58 47.620 1,6. P43.3
67 48.950 17. P42.2
62 47.740 18. Q42.7
63 47.440 19. Q42.21
# 46.790 21,. Q42.22 (?), cf. COAIII:7I5;
65 46.490 Pendlebury ('934a): 134, note 7

66 46.430
67 47.060
68 49.050
70 48.360
7L 48.710
72 46.41,5

73 47.575
 APPENDIX 3.

List of new numbers given to parts of Pendlebury's excavations within the Central Ciry.

Great Palace

o41..1 'State Apartments'

o42.3 'Coronation Hall', Great Pillared Hall, Smenkhkare Hall
P40.3 'Servants' Quarters'
P41.4 'South Flarem'
P47.5 entrance courts
P41.6 'North Flarem'
P42.3 'Magazines'

l
Small Aten Ternple

P42.4 Small Aten Temple, general designation

P42.5 'Priests' House'

Great Aten Ternple

Q3e.1 Great Aten Temple, general designation

Q40.s 'Magazines between the Great Temple and the Royal Estate', bakeries
s39.2 'Hall of Foreign Tribute'
s40.2 one of a trio of small houses in front of the Sanctuary
s40.3 one of a trio of small houses in front of the Sanctuary
s40.4 'Benben stone'
s40.5 'Butchers'yard'
s40.6 'Arab tornb'
r I-abelled S4.1 in error in /R IV s40.7 one of a trio of small houses in front of the Sanctuary2s
10-1, Fig.8.1.
T40.1 Great Aten Temple Sanctuary
 4. THE INDEX OF BUILDINGS

T-'.: G r=xtr.ur erpe dition began a policy ofseqr-rential nr.rrnbcring of houses according to the particular
-
-:r.-fr.- s.luare in rvhich they occurred, a policy rvhich r,vas followe d by the EES expeditions, r,vith
,,--. :rc:r,r.iou of r-najor royal buildings. The total of nntnbcrcd cxcavated br-rildings is 11.12 (thus not
--, --:-:i:rs 11 unexcavated buildings to which we have giverr numbers), but this is only an
.-:::trirlation of the total nunrber of houses and individual buildings cxcavated, since srnall houses
'. -'r: )omr'times grouped togethcr under a singlc number. The house nunrbers are the basic unit of
: ::::r.. r.iot onlr. for the buildings thcmselvcs but also for the artefacts rccove red by cxcavation, and
-:':-:rril. therefore, useful to compile an index of al1 ofthc nunrbcrs used so fir, including thosc froru
: : --: - .he d EES rvork, accompanied by the priniary bibliographic refercnces for plans, descriptions,
-: -r :.--'rr,:'he d photographs. No attcmpt has bccn madc to inch-rdc additional refcrcnccs to artefacts
. ,. ).-Lrnd:111'sources (such as the redrar,vn plans of Badawry 1968), beyond thosc r,vhich bear thc
. . r :. ,-.- rhe e rcavators. With the latter, however, we havc includcd refererlccs to preliminary rcports
,-.,--.r i:r:r-irr,uetlLnndonl,JewsandArchitecturalAssociationJoumal,thcformerbeingparticularlynoteworthy
. .----rLrnr of thc excellence of thc photographic illustrations.
> -::r: houses rvere numbered r,vith reference to thc $rrong square . This is noted rvhercvcr it occurs;
: : --: itt:ll,r she et thc correct square prefix is added. 'We havc also added a few ncrv nunrbers, mostly
.-- :--: Central City and referring to royal buildings or tl.rcir individual parts. Thcy are listcd in
r,:-:l:rlir 3. 'With regard to thc 'Clcrks' Houscs' in the Central Ciry, Pcndlebury nr-rmbcrcd them
-We
: ::.r 1 ro 7-{. rvithout adding
20O-nretre squarc prcfix.
a have treatcd the nr as Q43.1-74, tl'rough
,::,:i- rle in square Q43. Thc nanles ofbr-rildings or of their owlrcrs and certain othcr designrtions
-. i--,-r appe ar as labels
on the rrlap sheets are given in thc indcx in bold typc facc. Labels r.rscd b1,
:r.: ,: :Lrr.tn'and others but which we havc discardecl are given in uormal type face.
F-.: this se ction the systcm of references is slightlir diffcrent from that r"rsed for thc otl.rer scctions.
l,:. ollorl-ir-rg abbreviations have been used:

- -' 1 .. 1r;ltirecttual AssoctattottJoumal (London).

j il -rt. no 558 (August 1933) = Pendlebury 1933c.
.---l_i -iit. no -J71 (September 19341 = Lavcrs 193,1
r'- 3I Kcrnp,andothers, Antarn.aRcpot,ts I-V London198r+ 1989.
- - 1 l: T E Peer ancl C.L. Woolley, Tha City ttf Akhenatcn I London 1923
-- -'.1 II:Frankfort andJ.D.S. Pendlebr-rry, Thc City of Akhumten II Lordon 1933.
H
- S. Pendlcbtry, The Citlt of Akhutattn III. London 1951.
-'.1 III:_J D
: -'t): Eglpdarr Antiquities Organisation.
, -1 Il'. H Rrcke, Der Crun.driss dcs Amama-ll/ohnhartst's (Wissenscliaftliche VcrotTer-rtlichr-rngen
-::': L)eutschen Orient Clcscllscheft, 56). Berlin 1932
-' \' Illrr-,trarcd London Nlcr.,s. London.
lr\ 6 Aug 1921) = Peet 1921b
-- \- f, Vrr
l.)41\ = Woollcv l92lb
lI -\ 16 Dec. 1922) = Woolley 1922c
-'r \' 12Ju1r' 1924) = Newton 1924b
-'i \' 9 fLrh' 1927) = Frankfort 1927b
-'r \' 1() Ar-rg 1929) = Frankfort 1929c
.'i\ 27 Dec 1930) = Pendlebury 1930
l:\ 5 Sept. 1931) = Pendlebury 1931b
.tI \ i9 March 1932) = Pendlebury 1932b
iI -\ 6 May 1933) = Pendlcbury 1933b
,.i-\ 15 Sept. 1934) = Pendlebury 193'lb
5 Oct 1935) = Pendlebr-rry 1935c
"l\
 _--t- ,,.:,n::. :_: E,gitn.tn -1rrh:teolog1,. London
--t -
- D--.
= r..r, 1ot1-
r>:ra: Dar.ie: l9)1
_--_i=\ooller-1922a
_
-i _ = \euton I92Ja.. Giff:Lth 1924
_ -l
-j- = \Itrinemore 1926
_ _-. _- = franl<lon 1927a
Frankfon
- --1 '-; = 1929a
_-=I - =Pendlebury1931a
_;E_j -r = pendlebury 1932a
l, '-9 = Pendlebury 1933a; Lloyd 1933
_itr
-E-1 2') = Pendlebury 1934a
_iE-i 21 = Pendlebury 1935a
_iE7 22 = Pendlebury 1936
l.
I
_[E).59 = Kemp 19g3
fliueiliftgen des Deutschen oient-Geseilschaft zu Berlin, Berrin.
"iDoG:
),IDOC = Borchardr 1911
-16
I,IDOG 50 = Borchardt 1912
ITDOG 52 = Borchar dr 1913
lDaC 55 = Borchardt 1914
IIDOC 70 = Schartr 1932
-lfP: H. Frankfort, ed. The mural paintings of EI ,Amarna. London
1929.
PrI--1 J.D.S. Pendlebury, Tell el-Amarna. London 1.935.
P-I-{: V/.M.F. Petrie, TeII el Amarna. London 1g94.
S R : -ln n ual Report, Smithsonian Institution. -W-ashrngron.
SR 1915 = Borchardt 1915.
T'1'DA:P Timme, Teil er-Amarna uor der ireutschen Ausgrabung imJahre 1911
flffissenschaftliche veroffentlichungen der Deutschen
orient-Gesellschaft, 31). Berlin 1917 .
IITT: L' Borchardt and H. Ricke, Die wohnhiiuser
in Tell el-Amarna (wissenschaftliche
\/eroft-entlichungen der D eutschen orient-Geselschaft g0. , 9 1 ). B erlin 19
ZB : Zeitschrift Jiir Bauwesen. Berlin.
ZB 1916 = Borchardr 1916.

Building Sheet Year of Basic references and notes

no. no. excavation

J4e.1 8 1911 WIT:228-9, Hp. 68

J4e.2 8 1911 WIT: 229-30, Hp. 69, -Iaf. 19; in square K4g
J4e.3 8 7960s/70s Unpublished EAO excavarion
J53.1 8 1911 WIT : 335-8, Hp. I 12, T af . 25, 29F ; MD O C46 (Nov.
19 1 1) : 1 4 ff ., Btatr
3, 5, Abb. 6: CAW: 39-40, Abb. 39, Taf.22; ZB
1916:513_14, Abb.
3, 533-4, Abb. 32,536,556, Blart 50, Abb. 5; Mp:
51, n. 2
J53.2 1911 WIT:335-8,Hp.11,2; MDOC 46 (Nov. 1911):14ff,
Blatr 3; CAW:
Taf.22; ZB 1.91,6: 533-4, Abb. 32,536
K49.1 8 7960s/70s Unpublished EAO excavarion
K50.1 8 1922 COAI:5-9,41,Pls.III-V, yilI.r;JEA8 (1922):61_5, pis.
X, XI, XVII;
CAW:38-9, Abb. 38; 1LN(16 Dec.1922):994_5; Mp:56:Shaw
7992:
153, fig. 6;Yizier NAKHT
K5i.1 8 1922 COA I: 17, Pls. Lil, y.1; JEA 8 (1922): 65
Ks1.2 8 1922 COA I: 17 , Pl. ilI
K51.3 8 1922 COA I: 18, Pl. III
K51.4 8 1922 COAI:18, Pl. III
L48.1 7 1911 WIT:169-71, St. II, IV, Hp. 51
L48.2 7 1911 WIT:169-71, Sr. II, IV, Hp. 51
L50.1 7R 1924 Unpublished; EES archive plan R (Clark), cf.JEA 10 (1924): 302_3
L50.2 7,8 1924 Unpublished; EES archive plan R (Clark), cf.JEA 10 (1924):302_3
Sqilrting Sheet Year of Basic references and notes
llo, no, excavation

L_i _i 7.8 1924 Unpublished; EES archive plan R (Clark), cf . JEA 10 (1924): 302-3
].-. - ,f 7,8 1924 Unpublished; EES archive plan S (Clark), cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302-3
L5- 7,8 1924 Unpublished; EES archive plan S (Clark), cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302-3
L59 7,8 1.924 Unpublished; EES archive plan A (Emery), cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302-3,
Pl. XXXIV.2
Lt;i 9t 7,8 1.907 MDOG 34 (Sept. 1.907): 26-8, I\bb. 1,7-1,9; WIT: 346-7, but see
Seidlmayer 1.983:201.-3 for source ofinscription being 'River Temple';
MDOG70 (Mai1932):45-6, Abb. 1.5,1.6; CAW:25, Abb. 25, 30, Abb.
29; ZB 1.91.6:529-30, 531, Abb. 25,536, Abb. 37 ,538; cf. TADA:20,
Abb. 19; Aldred 1982: 97, Fig. 39 is view of central room; South
Expedition FIouse
i_i i. ir_) 7R 1924 Unpublished; EES archive plan A (Emery), cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302-3
7,8 1924 Unpublished; EES archive plan A (Emery), cf. JEA 1,0 (1,924): 302-3
;. -, 7,8 t924 Unpublished; EES archive plan A (Emery), cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302-3
L-i,. -l 7,8 1924 Unpublished; EES archive plan A (Emery), cf. JEA 1,A (924): 302-3
r:
L1 '1 7,8 1924 Unpublished; EES archive plan A (Emery), cf. JEA 1.0 (1.924): 302-3
L-i 15 7? r924 Unpublished; EES archive plan A (Emery), cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302-3
L_-,.,6 7,8 t924 Unpublished; EES archive plan A (Emery), cf. JEA 1.0 (1.924): 302-3
L--,.1, 7,8 t921 Unpublished; EES archive plan A (Emery), cf. JEA 1.0 (1924): 302-3
L_i -.1 8 1.922 COAI:18, Pl. III
\l+ 1 7 1911/12 WIT:53-5, St. II, IV, Hp. 15, Taf.4A; MDOC 50 (Okt. 1912):16-1,7 ,
Abb. 8, 9,22; ZB 1.9L6: 523-4, Abb. 14,524-5
\I+; 2 7 t9I1 WIT:55-6, St. II, Hp. 16
\1+; 3 7 1911 WIT:57-60, St. II, IV, Hp.17,Taf.4B,26; MDOG 46 (Nov. 1911):
19-20, Blatt 4, 30, Abb. 13; MDOC 50 (Okt. 191.2): 6-7, Abb.2;
TADA: 19, Abb. 18; ZB 7916 544, Abb. 50, 546; Chief builder
MAANAKFTTUEF
\1+; + 7 191r WT: 60-1, Abb. 8, St. II, IV, FIp. 77; ZB 7916:515, Abb. 4
\I+ O 7 1917 WIT:67-3, St. II, IV, Hp.1.7
\1-+9 1 7,8 1.924 Unpublished; EES archive plan S (Clark), cf. JEA 1.0 (1.924): 302-3
\ 15 r,r. 1 7,8 1.91.1. WIT:280-2, St. VI, VII, Hp. 93; MDOG 46 (Nov. 1911):1.4 fl, Blatt
3; CAW:38, Abb. 37; ZB 7976: 51.9-20, Abb. 11,, 522-3
-\t5r-r 2 7,8 1917 WIT:282, St. VI, VII, Hp.94,Taf.23C
-\l:)t' J 7,8 1.91.1. WIT:282-4, St. VI, VII, Hp.94
\lllr + 7,8 19r1 WIT:284, St. VI, VII, Hp.94
\ l5l-) 5 7,8 1971 WT: 284-5, St. VI, VII, Hp.94,Taf.24A
\150 6 7,8 1911 WIT: 285-6, St. VI, Hp. 95
\150.7 7,8 1.91.1 WIT: 286-7, St. VI, Hp. 95
\ 150.8 7,8 19r1 WIT: 287-8, St. VI, Hp. 95
\ 150.9 7,8 1924 Unpublished; EES archive plan Q (Clark), no copy survives, cf. WIT:
St. VI
\ 150.1 0 7 1911 WIT:288-9, St. VI, Hp. 96: CAW: Taf. 6; ZB 1'916:516, Abb. 5
\150.i1 7 1911 WT:289-90, St. VI, Hp.96 CAW:22,Taf.6
\150.i2 7 1.91.1 WT:291, St. VI, Hp. 96; GAW: Taf. 6
-\ 150.13 7 1.922 COAI:1.8-19, Pls. I, VIII.3;/84 8 (1.922):64-5, Plate XI; lLN(6 May
1922): 669, Fig. 4
\ r50.1 4 7 1.922 COAI:19, Pl. I
-\ 150.15 7 1.922 COA l: 1.9, Pl. l; JEA 8 (1,922): 65, there called N50. 15
\I50.16 7 1922 COA t: 19, Pl. r; JEA 8 (1922): 65
\ 150.1 7 7,8 7924 Unpublished; EES archive plan R (Clark), cf.JEA 10 (1924):302-3
\150.18 7,8 \892,1924 P tTA : 24-5,P1. XXXIX. 1 2 ; EE S archive plan R (Clark), cf J EA 0 (1924)
. 1. :

302-3; Petrie no. 12

.\150.21 7,8 7924 Unpublished; EES archive plan R (Clark), cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302-3
 Building Sheet Year of Basic references and notes
no. no. excavation

\15 22 7.8 1921 Unpublished; EES archive plan R (Clark), cf.

I
JEA I{t (1.924): 302_3
lJ
-\!,;r,r 7,8 1924 Unpublished; EES archive plan R (Clark), cf.
\15, ,2i
JEA 10 (1924): 302_3
7.8 7924 Unpublished; EES archive plan R (Clark), cf.
JEA I0 (1924): 302_3
-\15,, 15 7,8 1924 Unpublished; EES archive plan R (Clark), cf.
JEA 10 (1924): 302_3
-\15r_, 26 7 1924 Unpublished; no plan nrade , cf
JEA 10 (1924): 302_3
-\15r,r.27 7 1921 Unpublished; no plan made, cf. JEA I0 (1924): 302_3
\150.28 7 1921 Unpublished; no plan nade, cf JEA 10 (1924): 302_3
-\ 150.29 7 1924 Unpublished; no plan made, cf. JEA I0 (1924): 302_3
\ 150.30 7 1924 Unpublished; no plan made, cf . JEA I0 (1924): 302_3
\I50 31 7 1924 Unpublished; no plan rnade, cf . JEA I0 (1924): 302_3
\150.32 7 1924 Unpublished; EES archive pian R (Clark), cf.JEA I0 (1924):
302_3
\150.33 7 1924 Unpublished; no plan made, cf.
JEA I0 (1924): 302_3
rt51 1 7,8 1,911 WIT:280-2,325, St. VI, VII, Hp.93; MDOC 46 (Nov. 191I): 14
tr.,
Blart 3; ZB 1976: 519-20, Abb. 11. 522-3
,M51 2 7,8 1911 WIT:325-6, St. VI, VII, Hp. 108
M51.3 7,8 1911 WIT:326, Sr. VI, VII, Hp. 108
M51.5 7,8 7911 WIT: 326-7, St. VI, VII, Hp. 108, Taf.24B; MDOC 46 (Nov
1.e11):
29-30, Abb. 12
N45.1 6- [Jnexcavated
N47.1 7 1913 WIT:63, St. II, Hp. 18
N.17.2 7 1913 WIT:63-4, St. II, Hp. 18
N47.3 7 1913 WIT: 65-6, St. II, Hp. 19
N47.4 7 1913 WIT: 66-7, St. II, Hp. 20
N47.5 7 1913 WIT:67-8, St. II, Hp. 20
N47.6 7 1913 WIT:68-70, St. II, Hp. 21
N47.7 7 1913 WIT:70-1, St. II, Hp. 22
N47.8 7 1913 WIT:70-1, St. II, Hp. 22
N48.1 7 1911/12 WIT: 171-6, Abb.27, St. II, IV, Hp.52,Taf. I7B; MDOC 50
(Okt. 1912): 13-14, Abb. 6,22
N48.2 7 1911 WIT:176, Sr. II, IV, Hp. 53
N48.3 7 1911 WIT: 177, St. II, IV, Hp. 53
N48.4 7 1911 WIT:177-8, St. IV, Hp. 53
N48.5 7 1911 WIT:178-9, St. IV, Hp. 53
N48.6 7 7911 WIT:179, St. IV, Hp. 54
N48.7 7 1911 WIT:180, St. II, IV, Hp. 54
N48.8 7 1911 WIT:181, St. IV, Hp. 54
N48.9 7 1911 WIT:181-2, St. IV, Hp. 54
N48.10 7 1911 WIT:783-4, Sr. IV, Hp. 54
N48.11 7 1911 WIT:184-5, St. IV, Hp. 54
N48.12 7 1911 WIT:185-6, St. IV, Hp. 54
N48.13 7 1911 WIT:186, St. IV, Hp. 54
N48.14 7 1911 WIT:186-9, St. IV, Hp. 55
N48.15 7 1911 WIT:189-790, St. IV, Hp. 56
N48.16 7 1911 WIT:190-1, St. IV, Hp. 56
N48.17 7 1911 WIT:191-3, St. IV, Hp.55
N48.18 7 1911/12 WIT: 171-6, Sr. II, IV, Hp. 52
N49.1 7 1911 WIT:230-1, St. V, Hp. 70
N49.2 7 1911 WIT:231, St. V, Hp. 70
N49.3 7 1911 WIT:231-2, St. V, Hp. 70; MDOC 50 (Okt. 1912):22
N49.4 7 1911 WIT:232, St. V, Hp. 70; MDOG 50 (Okt. 1912):22
N49.5 7 1912 WIT:233, St. V, Hp. 71
N49.6 7 1912 WIT:234, St. V, Hp. 7I; MDOG 50 (Okt. 1912):22
N49.7 7 1912 WIT:235, St. V, Hp. 72
lpilrring Sheet Year of Basic references and notes
no. no. excavation

\r; ! t L9!2 WT:235-6, Abb' 32' St' V, Hp' 70

\1: ? 7 7972 WT: 236-8, Abb. 33, St. V, Hp. 73; MDOC 50 (Okt. 1912): 1'7
'
Abb. 10;
ZB7916:527-8, Abb' 18, 19

\-:.-,r 7 1921' COAI:20, Pls' I, VII'3

\:!.-- I 1921 COAI:21, Pls. I, VI'3, 5
\:e ^l i 1'921 COAI:27,P1' I;JEA7 (1921): Pl' XXV
\+t 13 7 7921 COAI:21'-2,PL I
\-:,' 1+ 7 1921 COA\:22,P1.1;JEA7 (1'921): Pl' XXV
\+J -5 I 1'921' COAL22-3,PL l
\ri. -6 7 1927 COAI:23,PL\
\ri.-- 1 1.927 COAI:23,P1.1
\rr i: I 1921 COAI:9-15,Pis. I, VIL1, 2, 5, VIIL5, 7,1X3;JEA7 (1921): 1'71-5,
Pk. XXV, XXVI; ILN (6 Aug. 7921):183, Fig' 4; MP: 48-9,51' n' 2'
Pl. XX; Chariotry oflicer RANEFER
\r: -i 7 1.921 COAI:23,P1.1;JEA7 (t921): PI' XXV
\-:: t 7 7921. COAI:23-4,P1'I;JEA7 (1921): Pl' XXV
\r r.l - 7 1.92I COA I: 24-5, Pl' I
\-r-: ll 7 1'921 COA I: 25, PI' I; JEA 7 (7927): Pl' XXV
\-; li 7 192L COAL Pl' 1
\:; 11 7 1'921' COAI:25,PL I
\lt l5 7 1'921 COAI:25,P1' I
\re.31 7 1921' COAI:25'PLI;JEA7 (1921): Pl' XXV
\+9.i2 7 1927 COAI:25,PL!JEA7 (921): Pl XXV
\r9 33 7 7921 COAI:25,P1.1;JEA7 (1921): PI' XXV
\j!.3+ 7 1921' CaAL 26'Pl.I;JEA7 (7921): Pl' XxV
\r9 i5 I 1'921 COA I: 26' Pl. I; JEA 7 (7927): Pl' XXV
\:i,16 7 1921. COAI:26,P1.1;JEA7 (1921): Pl' XXV
\-:!.,1- 7 1.927 COAI:26,P1.1;JEA7 Q921): Pl XXV
\::.,1t 7 1'922 COAI:26'PL I
\-: -19 7 1'922 COAI:26, PI'I
\ ' :. 'i ' 7 792I COA I: 26-7 , PI- |
\ji -i I 1921' COAI:27 ,Pl' I
\-! -+l 7 1921' COAL27 ,PI' I
\it -r.l 7 1.924/25 Unpublished;EES archive plan V (Clark), no copy' cf.JEAl'j (1924):
302-3
\r9 -++ I 1924/25 Unpublished; EES archive plan V (Clark), no copy, cf- JEA 1A (924):
302-3
\r9 +5 7 Ig24/25 Unpublished; EES archive pian V (Clark), no copy, cf. JEA t0 (1'924):
302-3
\r9 +6 7 1924/25 Unpublished;EES archive planV (Clark), no copy, cf.JEAl'0 (1'924):
302-3
\+9.+7 7 1.924/25 Unpublished;EES archive planV (c1ark), no copy' cf'JEA1'0 (1924):
302-3
\+9.+8 7 1.924/25 Unpublished;EES archive planv (clark), no copy' cf'JEA10 (1924):
302-3
\:9.+9 7 Ig24/25 Unpublished; EES archive pJ.an V (Clark), no copy, cf. JEA 1'0 (7924):
302-3
\+9.50 7 1.924/25 Unpublished; EES archive plan v (clark), no copy, cf' JEA I0 (1'924):
302 3
1'0 (1924):
\+9 51 I 1.924/25 Unpublished; EES archive plan V (ciark) , no copy, cf' JEA
302-3
 Building Sheet Year of Basic references and notes
no. no. excavation

\19.52 1924/25 UnpubLished; EES archive plan V (Clark), no copy, cf JEA I0 (1924):
.

302-3
\+9.53 1924/25 Unpublished; EES archive plan V (Clark), no copy, cf JEA I0 (1924):
.

302-3
\+9.5.+ 1924/25 Unpublished; EES archive plan V (Clark), no copy, cf. JEA I0 (1924):
302-3
N+9 55 1924/25 Unpublished; EES archive plan V (Ciark), no copy, cf. JEA I0 (1924):
302-3
N+9.56 1924/25 Unpublishe d; EES archive plan V (Clark), no copy, cf. JEA I0 (1924):
302-3
N+9.57 1924/25 Unpublished; EES archive plan V (Clark), no copy, cf. JEA 10 (1924):
302-3
N50.1 1.91.1 WIT:291.-3, St. VI, VII, Hp. 110; MDOC46 (Nov. 1911): 14tr.,BIatt
3; GAW:Taf.14; ZB 7916 533-4, Abb.29
N50.2 7 1911 WIT:293, St. VI, VII, Hp.97
N50.3 7 191.1 WIT: 294, St. VI, VII, Hp. 97; ZB 1916: 533-4, Abb.29
N50.4 7 1911 WIT:294-6, Abb.42, St. VI, VII, Hp.97; ZB 1916:533-4, Abb.29
N50.5 7 1911 WIT: 296-7, St. VI, VII, Hp. 97
N50.6 7 1911 WIT: 297, St. VI, VII, Hp. 97
N50.7 7 1.91.1. WIT:297-8, St. VI, Hp. 98
N50.8 7 1911 WIT: 298-9, St. VI, Hp. 98
N50.9 7 1911 WIT:299-300, Sr. VI, Hp. 98
N50.10 7 1911 WIT:300-7, St. VI, Hp. 98
N50.11 7 1911 WIT:301, St. VI, VII, Hp. 98
N50.12 7 191 1 WIT: 301-2, St. VI, Hp. 98
NsO.13 7 1911 WIT:303-4, St. VI, Hp. 99
N50.14a 7 1911 WIT:304-5, St. VI, Hp. 100
N50.14b 7 1.911 WIT:304-5, St. VI, Hp. 100
N50.15 7 19r1 WIT:305-6, St. VI, Hp. 100
N50.16 7 1.911 WIT: 305-6, St. VI, Hp. 701.; CAW:Taf. 4
N50.17 7 1911 WIT: 306-7, St. VI, Hp. 101 CAW: Tzf. 4
N50.18 7 1911 WIT: 307-8, St. VI, Hp. 101; GAW:Taf. 4
N50.19 7 1911. WIT:308, St. VI, Hp. 1,01; CAW:Taf.4
N50.20 7 1911 WIT:308, St. VI, Hp. 107; GAW:Taf.4
N50.21 7 1.911 WIT:308-9. St. VI. Hp. 10i: G.4W:Taf.4
N50.22 7 1.911 WIT:309-10, St. V, VI, Hp. 102
N50.23 7 1912 WIT:31.1.-2, St. V, VI, Hp. 103
N50.24 7 1.912 WIT:312-4, St. V, VI, Hp. 103
N50.25 7 1911 WIT: 314-5, St. VI, Hp. 104
N50.26 7 1911 WIT: 31.5, St. VI, Hp. 104
N50.27 7 191I/12 WIT:376-9, St. VI, Hp. 104
N50.28 7 1912 WIT:319-320, St. VI, Hp. 105
N50.29 7 1912 WIT: 320-1, St. V, VI, Hp.73; ZB 191.6: 527,528, Abb. 18
N50.30 7 1911 WIT:321-2, St. VI, Hp. 105
N50.3Obis 7 1921 COAI: 27,PL I;JEA7 (1921): Pl. XXV
N50.35 7 1924 Unpublished; no plan rnade, cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302-3
N51.1 7 1.911 WIT:327-8, St. VII, Hp. 109
N51.2 7 1911 WIT:328-9, St. VII, Hp. 109
N51.3 7 1.911. WIT:329-31, St. VI, VII, Hp. 110; MDOG 46 (Nov. I91I): 14ff.,BIxt
3; CAW: Taf. 1,4
N51.4 1911 WIT:331-2, St. VI, VII, Hp. 110; MDOC46 (Nov. 1911): 74ff.,Btatt
3; GAW:24,Taf.14
 gqilrring Sheet year of Basic references and notes
no. no. excavation

\i'a 1 7911 WIT:332-4, VI, VII, Hp. 110, Taf.24C; CAW:Tll.^. 14

St.
\-i .- 7 1911 WIT:332-4, VI, VII, Hp. 110; CAW:T:f.. 14
Sr.
\i'r j 191 1 WIT: 332-4, St. VI, VII, Hp. 110, Taf . 29E; GAW: Taf. 14:
ZB 1916:55.+-5, Blatt 50. Abb. 2
\-i .9 7 1911 WIT:332-4, Sr. VI, VII, Hp. 110; CAW:Taf.11
(..lr 1
a 1892, COA III: 50 60, 75-80, pts. XIIIB, XIV, XV.2, XXXV.3_XLIII;
1934, JEA21(193s): I33-4, pls. IX.3, 4, X;JEA22 (1936):194_6,pls. XVil,
193s/36 XVIII, XIX.1-3;ILN(5 Oct. 1935):565, Fig. 7;ptTA:8, pl. XXXVI;
Aldred 1982: 101, Fig. 43; State Apartrnenrs
5,6 1934 COAIII:81-2, Pls. XIIIC, XIV, XLIV.3,4;JEA21 (1935): I3O
1-\ 5,6 1934 COA III 81-2, Pts. XIIIC, XIV, XLIV.3 , 1; JEA 2I (1935): 130
r.-) 5.6 18e2 COAIII:60-1, 80, Pts. XIIIC, XIV, XLIV.1, 2;JEA2I (1935): 130_1, pt.
1934/35 IX.l; JEA 22 (1936): 197; pnTA: 84_6; ptTA: 7, p1. XXXVI;
Srnenkhkare Hall; Coronation Hall, Great pillared Hall
l r-r. 5,6 (Jnexcavated
L-) _r-1 l 6- (Jnexcavated
-tl.- 6- (Jnexcavated
6- [Jrexcavated
6- [Jnexcava ted
o+-i 1 6- LJnexcavated
L)15 l 6- ljucxcavatcd
tl-r- 1 7 1913 WIT:71 2, Sr. II, III, IV, lHp.23; GAW:Tat 19
o+- l 7 1913 WIT:72-3, St. II, III, Hp.21
\-f- --) 7 1913 WIT:72-4. Sr. II, III, Hp.21
c--.+ 7 1913 WIT: 72,7,{ 5, St II, III, Hp. 21, Taf. 278
L-)-:- 5 7 1913 WIT:77 8, St. II, Hp.25
L-)J-,6 7 1913 WI'I: 72,75 6, Sr II, Hp. 24
,-l-:- - 7 1913 WIT: 72, 7 6-7, Sr II, Hp. 21
!r_ _: 7 1913 WIT: 79-80, St. II, Hp. 25
)'- r 7 1913 WIT:80-1, Sr. II, Hp. 25
._-r_:-, - ,
7 1913 WIT:81-2, St. II, Hp. 25
l 7 1913 WIT: x2. St. II. Hp. 25
.')-- ') I 1913 IllT: x3. Sr. II. Hp. 25
'-li.-. : -l 7 1913/14 WIT:83-1, St. II, Hp. 26
tr- - r+ 7 1914 WIT:84-6, St. II, Hp. 26
! - r-) 7 1914 WIT: 86, St. II, Hp. 26
r-l--.16 7 1922 COA I: 27-8.PL ilI
tr-- i 6a 7 1932/33 Urrpublished; EES archive ptan (Waddiugton), cf.
JEA 19 (1933):
1 17 -1 8; sculptor's workshop

t)r- 1l 7 1922 COAI:28, Pl. III

r)-i-.18 I 1922 COA I:28. Pi. IIr
t)-- i9 7 1892 PII'A: 20-2, P1. XXXIX.g; JEA 19 (1933): I 17; prob:rbly thc house
referred to in MDOG 52 (Okt. 1913): 16; perrie no. 9
t)-1- lr) 7 1932/33 Unpublished; EES archive plan (Waddingron), cl
JEA 19 (1933):
1 17
-18 ; sculptor's workshop
'-)--
l'
1 1892 P:TA: 20-2, Pl. XXXIX.8; petrie no. g
it->- L I 1917 WIT : 793-5, Abb. 28, St. IV, V, Hp. 57, T f . 21 ; MDOG 50(Okt. 1 91
2) :

19-20, Abb. 12, 13,22; CAW:34-5, Abb. 32; ZB 1916: 5,10, Abb.
43,
s41, Abb. 46,542-3, Abb. ,17
7 1911 WIT: 195-6, St. IV, V, Hp. 57; in square O49
7 1971 WIT: 196-7, St. IV, V, Hp. 57; in square O49
7 I9T1 WIT: 197-8, St. IV, V, Hp. 58; MDOC 50 (Okt. I9I2): 19, 21,
Abb. 15;
S,silrling Sheet Year of Basic references and notes
no. no. excavation

ZB 1.976: 541 , Abb. 45, 543

o+8 5 7 1911 WIT:1.99, St. IV, V, HP. 58
o+8.6 7 7911. WIT:1,99-201, St. IV, V, HP' 59

o+8.7 7 19n WIT:201, St. IV, V, HP. 59

o+8.8 7 19T1. WIT:201-4, St. IV, Hp' 60; CAW:40,T'af' t6
o+8.9 7 1,91.2 WIT:204-6, St. IV, V, HP' 60; CAW: Taf' t6
o-+8.10 7 191.2 WIT:206-7, Abb. 29, St. IV, V, Hp' 57,Taf' 20
o+8.11 7 1,91.2 WIT:207_9, St. IV, V, HP' 60; CAW: Taf' 16
o48.12 7 1972 WIT: 207-10, St- IV, V, HP' 60; GAW: Taf' 16
CAW:
o48.13 7 1,91.2 WIT:2!0, St. IV, V, Hp. 60; MDOC 50 (Okt' 191'2):13-1'4;
Taf. t6
o48.14 1973 WIT:21.0-15,St.II,III,IV,Hp'61,Taf'158'76 MDOG55(Dez'
ZB 1916:
7914): 13,Abb. 3; SR 1915: 448, Pl' 3'1'; CAW:39'-taf'2I;
523-4, Abb. 13
o48.15 7 1913 WIT:210-15, St. II, III, IV, Hp' 61; CAW:T{' 21

o48.16 7 1,913 WIT: 21.0-15, St. II, IV, Hp' 67; CAW: Taf' 21
O,+8.16bis 7 7921 COAI:28,P1' I
o48.1.7 7 1921 COAI: 2B-9,Pl.1
o49.1 7 1911 wIT:238-42,Abb.34-5,St.V'Hp-74,75,Taf'18A;MDOG46(Nov'
191.1): 14tr.,Blatt 3, Abb. 3, 4'5; CAW:29'
Lbb' 27 '38' Abb' 36' 49'
545' Abb' 51' 546'
Abb. 46, Taf.20; ZB 7976: 5Ig_20, Lbb' 12' 522'
553-4,Abb. 61; Chief of seers of the Aten PAWAH
(Okt' 7972): 19 ;
o49.6 1971 WT : 242-5,St. V, Hp' 7 6, T af ' 22A, 228; MD O G 50
CAW: 40-1',Ttf' 24
o49.7 7 1971. WIT:245-6, Abb. 36, St. V, HP' 77
o49.8 7 191.1 WIT:245-6, St. V, HP' 77
Abb' 11;
o49.9 7 1911 WT:246-8, St' V, Hp. 78; MDOC 50 (Okt' 1'912):1'7-78'
Abb' 24' 530
CAW: 40,T;f..23, 46, Abb' 43; ZB 1'916:529'
o49.10 7 19I1. WIT:246-8,Abb.37' St' V, Hp' 78'Taf'23A; CAW:Ttf'23
o49.17 7 1911 WIT:249-50, St. V, IHP.79
o49.r2 7 1911 WIT:250-1', St. V, HP' 80
o49.73 7 191t WT:257-2, St. V, HP' 81
o49.74 7 7911. WIT:252-3, St. V, HP. 80
o49.15 7 1,91.7 WIT:254, St. V, HP' 82
o49.16 7 1911. WIT:254-5,Abb. 38, St' V, Hp' 82, Taf' 18B
o49.1.7 7 191.1. WIT:255-6, St V, HP' 83
o49.18 7 19fl WT:256, St. V, HP. 83
o49.1.9 7 1917 WIT:256-7, St. V, HP' 83
o49.20 7 1,917 WIT:257-8, St' V, HP. 84,-taf' 171';
MDOC5O (Okt. 7912): 12-1| Abb' 4' 5; CAW:24'Taf'
1'2'

45. Abb. 42; 281976:525, Abb' 16

o49.21 7 Dfi WIT:258-9, St. V, HP' 85
Figs' 3' 4' 9
o49.22 7 1921. COAI:29,Pls.I, VI.6, VIII'6; ILN (6 Aug' 1927):183-5'
o49.23 7 1921. COAI: 15-17, Pls. I, VIII'2
COAI:29-30,Pls. I, VI'1; rLN (6 Attg' L921):185' Fig'
10
o49.24 7 1921
o50.1 7 1911. WIT:322-3, St' V, VI, HP 106
WIT:323-5,Abb. 43, St' VI, Hp' IA7;MDOC5O (Okt'
1912):\9'21"
o50.2 7 1971.
Abb. 14, 22; ZB 191'6 541, Abb' 44,543
051.1 1892, 1911 WIT:334-5, Abb. 44, St' VI, VII, Hp' 1'11"Taf' 22C;
PITA:24, Pl. XLI.15; Petrie no' 15 = gt^nary
r'rvice on
P40.1
Number not used, according to COA III: 107' but marked
COAIII: Pl. I, in piace of P40'2 mdP41"2
also P40'1
P40.2 1,933 COAIII:106, Pl' XVIII; in square P41;see
lpilrling Sheet Year of Basic references and notes
no. no. excavation

:-: -. +.5 1931/36 COAIII:35-7, Pls. XIIIA.1, XIV, XXXIII.I,2;JEA21 (1935):132,

PI. X; JEA 22 (1,936): 197; Servants' Quarters
P'' .', 5 1931 COAIII:106, Pl. XVIII
P:-.: a 1932 COAIII:106, Pl. XVIII; see also Q41.7 and P40.1
?r- r a 1931 lll 106, Pl. XVIII
COA
?:-' : a 1935 COAIII:44-5, Pls. XIIIA.2, XIV, XXXIV.2-4;JEA22 (1936):197,
Pls. XVII, XVIII, XIX.4; South Harern
Pr:.-i a 1934 COAIII:43-4, Pls. XIIIA.2, XIV, XXXIV.I
P:'- a 5 1892,1934 COAIII:38-43, Pls. XIIIA.2, XIV, XV.1, XXX\L3-6;JEA21 (1,935):
132-3,
XI; lLN (5 Oct. 1935): 565, Fig. 5;PnTA: 86-8;PtTA:
Pls. IX.2, X,
8-9, Pl. XXXVI; Weatherhead 1992; North Harem
lr: - 5 1892, 1931 COAI|T:86-8, Pls. XVI, XLVI.1-4;JEA 18 (1932): 147-8, PI. XVI;\
AAJ 49, 558 (Aug. 1.933): 91.-3, plan on p. 93; PITA: 23, PL. XL.13;
PITA:89-92, plan facing p.83;JEA 7 (1927):1-7;Wilkinson 1983:
133; Petrie no. 13 = King's House
-'-: : 5 1892,1931 COAIII:89-91,Pl.XYI;JEA 18 (1932):148, Pl. XYI;PnTA: 92-3,
plan facing p. 83;PITA: 23,PL.XLU.17; Petrie r^o. 17 = King's FIouse
magazlnes
?-:l -i 5 1935 COAIII:46-8,Pls.XIIIA.3,XXXIV.5-XXXY.2;JEA22(1936):197,
XVII, XVIII; PITA: 7-8, Pl. XXXVI; Magazines
Pls.
Prl.+ 5 1931, 1987- COAIll: 92-7, Figs. L7, 1.8, Pls. XVI, XVII, XLVI.5, 6, XLVILl-4;
JEA 18 (1.932): 145-7, Pls. XVI, XVII; Pn77: 93-5, plan facing p. 83;
AAJ 49,558 (Aug. 1933):91-3, plan on p.93; AR V: Chap. 6; Srnall
Aten Ternple
Prl 5 5 1931, 1988/9 COA III 94, Pl. XYI; JEA 1.8 (1.932): 146, PI. XVI; Pn77r 94, pIm
facing p. 83; Priests' Flouse
? j-: 5,6 1931, COAIII:100, Pls. XVI, XLVII.5;JEA 18 (1932):147 ,PI.XYI; AAJ 49,
558 (Aug. 1,933):91,-3, plan on p.93;PITA;95, plan facing p. 83;
bakery
j:-: I 5,6 1931, COAIII:101, Pls. XVI, XLVIL6;
JEA 1.8 (1932): 147 , Pls. XIII.2, XVr; AAJ 49 ,558 (Aug. 1933): 91-3, plan
on p. 93; PnTA: 95, plan facing p. 83
:--. -: 5,6 1892 PITA:23, Pl. XLI.16; Petrie no. 16
:-!i, '- 6,7 1913/4 WIT:17-19, St. I, III, Hp. 1
P-r.l 6,7 1914 WIT:20, St. I, III, Hp. 1
Pra.-l 6,7 1914 WIT:20-7, St. I, III, Hp. 33
P:, + 6,7 1914 WIT:27, St. I, III, Hp. 1
?ra.5 6 1914 WIT: 22, St. I, Hp. 1
?:a.6 6 1912 WIT:22-3, Sr. I, Hp. 1
?:t - 6,7 1922 COAI:30, Pl. II
P-a 5 6,7 1922 COA I: 31 , Pl. II
P:a 9 6,7 1,922 COAI:31, Pl. II
P-5 i,) 1 6,7 1922 COA l: 3I-2, PL. II; in square P47
?:;:1.', 6,7 1922 COAI:32,Pls.LI,YL.4;JEA8(1922):62,PL.\X
?:4 '-2 6,7 1,922 COAI:32,P1. il; in square P47
?-i: '-3 6,7 1922 COA l: 32, Pl. lI
Prrl-i 6,7 \922 COAI:32-3,P1.il
Pr6 15 6,7 1922 COAI:33, Pl. II
P+5.16 6,7 1.922 COAI:33, Pl. II
P!6 '.7 6,7 1922 COA I: 33, Pl. II; in square P47
P-6 18 6,7 1922 COA I: 33-4, Pl. II
?:5."9 6,7 1922 COAL34, Pl. II; in square P47
Sqilrling Sheet Year of Basic references and notes
no. no. excavation

P+6.2(,1 6.7 1922 COA I:34, Pl. II

P+6.21 6,7 1922 COAI:34, Pl. II
P16.22 6,7 1.922 COAI:34, P1. II
P+6.23 6,7 1922 COAI:34, Pt. II
P16.2+ 6,7 1.923 Unpublished; EES archive plan C2 (Emery), cf. JEA 1,0 (1924): 289
P+6.25 6,7 1923 Unpublished;EES archive plan C2 (Emery), cf.JEA 10 (1924):289
P+6 26 6,7 7923 Unpublished; EES archive p\an C2 (Emery), cf. JEA 10 (1924): 289
P+6.27 6,7 1.923 Unpublished; EES archive plan C2 (Emery), cf. JEA 10 (1924): 289
P+6.28 6,7 1.923 Unpublished; EES archive plan C2 (Emery), cf. JEA 10 $924): 289
P16.29 6,7 1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan C2 (Emery), cf. JEA 1,0 (1924): 289
P+6.30 6 1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan C2 (Emery), cf. JEA 1,0 (1924): 289
P+6 31 6,7 7923 Unpublished; EES archi.ve plan C2 (Emery), ct. JEA 10 (1924): 289
P+6 32 6 1.923 Unpublished; EES archive plan C2 (Emery), cf . JEA 1,0 (1924) : 289
P+6.33 6,7 1987 ,4R VI: Chapter 1.
P+7.1. 7 1912 WIT : 87 -9 7,St. III, IV, Hp. 27 ; MD O G 52 (Okt. 1 9 1 3) : 28 ff , Abb. 1 0;
CAW:Taf. 5,25;ILN (16 Dec. 7922):995; ZB 1916: 533-4, Abb. 28;
(sculptor) THUTMOSE
P+7 2 7 1912 WIT : 9 1-8, Abb. 9, St. III, IV, Hp. 27, T f . 5-6; MD OG 52 (Okt. 1 9 1 3) :

21, 28 ff ., Abb. 1 0, 17 ; GAW : 47, T af . 25 ; ZB 791 6: 529, 530, Abb. 23,

533-4, Abb.28,539, Abb. 42,542; (sculptor) THUTMOSE
P47.3 7 1.972 WIT:98-100, St. III, Hp.27 ,Taf .29D; MDOC 52 (Okt. 1913):28 ff.,
Abb. 10; CAW: -laf. 25; ZB 1916: 533-4, Abb. 28, 555, Blan 50,
Abb. 7; (sculptor) THUTMOSE
P47.4 7 1.91.3 WIT:1,00-2, St.III,IV, Hp.28; CAW:Taf 5
P47 5 6,7 7912 WIT:102-5, St. III, Hp. 29; MDOC 52 (Okt. 1913):17-18, Abb. 4;
ZB 1916: 553-4, Abb. 60; CAW: Taf 10
P47.6 6,7 191.2 WIT: 1,05-6, St. III, Hp. 29; CAW:23,Taf.70
P17.7 6,7 7972 WIT: 706-8, Abb. 10, St. I, III, Hp. 30; GAW: 23,Taf.9
P47.8 7 191.2 WT: 1,08-10, St. UI, IV, Hp. 28; GAW:Taf. 5
P47.9 7 1913 WIT: 110-77, St. III, IV, Hp. 28; CAW: Taf. 5
P47.10 7 191.3 WIT: 1,11,-12, St. III, IV, Hp. 28; CAW: T{. 5
P47.11 7 1.91.3 WIT: 112-13, St. III, IV, Hp. 28; CAW:Taf. 5
P47.12 7 1913 WIT: 174, St. III, IV, Hp. 2t3; GAW: T{. 5
P47.1.3 7 1913 WIT: 1.1.4-75, St. III, IV, Hp. 28; CAW:Taf. 5
P47.14 7 1.91.3 WT: L75-16, St. III, IV, Hp. 28; GAW:Taf.5
P47.15 7 1913 WIT:1.1.6-17, St. III, IV, Hp. 28; CAW:Taf.5
P47.16 7 1913 WIT':1.L7-18, St. III, IV, Hp. 28; GAW:Taf.5
P47.1.7 7 1913 WIT: 118-22, St. III, IV, Hp. 31.,'taf.7-8;
MDOC 55 (Dez. \914): 14; SR 1915: 448; CAW: 11-2,T{. 26
P47.r8 7 1913 WIT:722-3, St. III, Hp. 37; CAW:Taf.26; 281.976:533-4,Abb. 31,
s3s-6, Abb. 35
P47.19 7 1913 WIT:723-30, Abb.12-1,6, St. II, III, Hp. 23, Frontis., Taf. 9-12; SR
7915: 449-53, Plates 4,5,13; MDOC 55 (Dez. 1914): 16-25, Abb. 5,
6, Blatt 2; CAW:30, Abb. 28,Taf.19; 281916:532, Abb.27 ,533,535,
Abb. 33, 537-8,539-40,,\bb. 40, 545-6,Abb. 52, 547-8, Abb. 54,556,
Blatt 50, Abb. 1; MP:48,55; General RAMOSE
P47.20 7 7913 WIT: 1.23-30, Abb. 1,7, St. II, III, IV, Hp. 23,Taf. 738; CAW: Taf. 1,9
P47.21. 7 1973 WIT: 130-7, St. II, III, IV, Hp. 23; CAW: Taf. 79
P47.22 6,7 1.91.4 WIT:13I-3, Abb. 18, St. III, Hp. 32,'laf .13A; MDOC 55 (Dez. 1914):
14-1.6, Abb. 4; GAW:31, Abb. 30; SR 1915: Pl. 3.2; ZB 1.91.6: 537,
Abb. 38, 538
P47.23 6,7 1914 WIT: 134-5,St. I, III, Hp. 33
P47.24 6,7 19t4 WIT:1.35-7, Abb. 19, St. I, III, Hp. 33, -|af.1.4
gqilrling Sheet Year of Basic references and notes
no. no. excavation

6.7 1914 WIT:138, St. I, III, Hp- 12

6.7 t914 WIT:138, St. I, III, Hp. 33
6.7 1911 WIT:138-9, St. l, III, Hp. 33
7 1914 WIT: 139-42, Abb.2O-2, St. II, III, Hp. 34, Tal I3C
6.7 1914 WIT:142-4, St. III, HP. 35
7 1922 COAI:34-5, Pl. II
7 1922 COAI:35. Pl. II
1922 COAI:35. Pl II
6,7 7922 COAI:36. Pl. II
1 1912 WIT:275-17, St. IV, Y,HP. 6)
1 1912 WIT:217-21., Abb. 30, 31, Sc IIl, IV, Hp' 63
l 1913 WIT:221-2, St. III, IV, HP. 28
1 1913 WIT:222, St. II,III, IV, HP. 61,T:f.28
7 1913 WIT:222-3, St. IV, HP. 65
7 191 ',l
WIT:259-60, St. V, HP. 85
7 191 1 WIT:260-2, St V, HP. 86; CAW:24'Ttf' 11
7 191.r WIT:262-4, St. V, HP. 87
7 19TT WIT:262-5, Abb. 39, St' V, HP 87
l 19r1 WIT:262-3,265-6, Abb. 40, St' V, HP 87
1 19r1 WIT:262-3,2(>6-8, St. V, Hp. 87, Taf' 238; MDOC 50 (Okt' 1912):
29-35. Abb. 20, 21; sculptor's workshop
I) 1rl - 7 19r1 WIT:2(t8_9, St. V, Hp. ilS, Taf. 23B (foreground)
Pr9.8 7 1971 WIT:269-70, St. V, HP. 88
D iu L)
7 1912 WIT:270-1', St. V, HP. 89; CAW:Tl:f' 8
P-9.1r-) 1 1912 WIT: 272-3, Sr. V, HP. 89; GAW:T:f. 8
P+9 11 7 7972 WIT:272-3, Abb' 41, St. V, Hp. 89 CAW:23,T{' B
Pr9 il 7 1912 WIT:274-6, St. V, HP. ')(\; GAW:Taf' 13
f-1-t) l 1912 WIT:271-6, St. V, Ftrp. 90, GAW:24,T{' 13
-J 1a 1 I
7 1912 WIT: 276-7, St. V, HP. 90; CAIA:Taf, 13
D',-:. 7 1912 WIT:277-9, St V, HP. 91
?-:'r 16 1892, 1912 WIT:279-80, St V, Hp.92;PITA:23' Pl XLI 14;
Petrie no. 14 = police Post ?
r):q i rt,5 1892,1932 Pt77: 18-l9. Pl. XXXVIl: COA III: -5-17, Pls' III, lV, VI, XXV'1-5'
XXVII, XXVIII.l-4; JEA 1'() (1933): 1'11 17, PIs XIII, XIY AAJ 19'
558 (Aug. 1933): 90; AAJ 50,571 (Sept 1934): 96' Fig'; 1LN (6 Mav
1933): 630, Fig.3,632,Fig 7;PnTA:7O 81; PITA:78-20, Pl' XXXVII;
Great Aten Ternple (including Gern-pa-Aten)
Ql(r.1 Nunrbe r not used, according to COAIII:107, but marked on CO'4 III:
PI. I
rl-lt t 1 Nurnber not use d, according to COAIII:107, but marked on COA III:
P1 I, see Q41.6
Q+o 3 f 1933 COAIII:106, P]. XVIII
Q+|.+ 5 1933 COAIII:106, Pl XVIII
()-ir ) i ,l 5 1932,1936 COAIII:29-30. Pls. XII, XXVIIL5, 6; bakery
Q+l 1 5 1932 COAIII:107, P1 XVIII
Qr1.2 5 7932 COA III 107-ll, Pl XVIII
Q+1 3 5 1932 COAIII:10U. Pl. XVIII
Qri l 5 1932 COA IIt 10U-9. P1. XVIII
Q+l 5 5 1932 COAIII:108, Pl. XVIII; sce R41.'l
1933 COA III: 107. I']l. XVIII; iabelled Q40'2 on COA III Pl' I, see also
Q+l 6 5
R41.5
COAIII:106. Pl. XVIII; labelled P41'2 on COA III: Pl' I, se e also R41 6
Q+1.7 1931
gsilrling Sheet Year of Basic references and notes
no. no. excavation

Q41.8 5 1932 COAIII:108, XVIII

Pl.
Q41.e 5 1.932 COAIII:106, Pl. XVIII
Q41.10 5 1932 COAIII:108, Pl. XVIII
Q41.11 5 1932 COAlll:106, Pl. XVIII
Q41.12 5 1.933 COAIII:108, Pl. XVIII
Q41.13 5 1.933 COAIII:107, Pl. XVIII
Q41.14 5 7932 COA Ill 107-8, Pl. XVIII
Q42.1. 5 1.933 COAIII:113, Pl. XIX
Q42.2 5 1933 COA rll: 715-1.6, Pi. XIX
Q42.3 5 1933 COAIII:115, Pl. XX
Q42.4 5 1933 COAIII:116, Pl. XIX
Q42.s 5 1933 COAIII: i14, P]. XIX
Q42.6 5 1933 COAIII:116, Pl. XIX
Q42.7 5 1892, 1.933 C OA lll 713-1' 4, Pls. XIX, XLVIII' 6, XLIX'I JEA 20 (193 4) : 13 4-5;
;

PITA:23, PL XLII.18; Petrie no. 18; see also Q42.1'7

Q42.8 5 1933 COAIII:116, Pl. XIX
Q42.e 5 1933 COAIII:116, Pl. XIX
Q42.10 5 1933 COAlll:116, P1. XX
Q42.11 5 1933 COAIII:116, Pl. XIX
Q42.1.2 5 1.933 COATII:117, Pl. XIX
Q42.13 5 1933 COAlll:116-1'7, Pl. Xx
Q42.1.4 5 1.933 COAIII:116, Pl. XIX
Q42.1.5 5 1.933 COAIII: 116,177, Pl. XX
Q42.16 5 1933 COAlll:116, P]. XIX
Q42.17 5 1933 COAIII:116, Pl. XIX; labelled Q42.7 on CO,4 III: Pl. I
Q42.78a 5 1.933 COAIII:116, Pl. XIX
Q42.1.8a 5 1,933 COAIIl:116, Pl. XIX
Q42.Ie 5 1933 COA III: 1 15, Pl. XIX; JEA 20 (1'934): 134; 'House of Life'
Q42.20 5 1.933 COAlll:115, Pl. XIX;JEA20 (1'934):134; 'House ofLife'
Q42.21 5 1,892,1933 PITA: 23, Pl. XLIL19; COAlll: 114-15, Pls. XIX, XLIX.2;JEA 20
(1934):134; lLN (15 Sept. 1934): 387, Fig. 9; Petrie no. 19 = 'Bureau
for the Correspondence of Pharaoh'; Records OIIice
Q42.22 1933 COAIII:115, Pls. XIX, XLIX.3;JEA20 (1934):134,n. \; evident\not
Petrie no. 21
Q42.23 5 1933 COAIII:117, Pl.XIX
Q42.24 5 1.933 COAIII:116, Pl.XIX
Q42.25 5 1.933 COAIII:117, Pl.XIX
Q42.26 5 \933 COAIII:117. Pl. XIX
Q42.27 5 7933 COAIII:116, Pl. XIX
Q42.28 5 1933 COA lll: 117 , Pl. XX; plan does not agree with description
Q42.2e 5 1.933 COAIII:116, Pls. XIX, XLVIII.S
Q42.30 5 1,933 COAIII:115, Pl. XIX
Q42.31 5 1.933 COAIII:115, Pl. XIX
Q42.32 5 1933 COAIII:116, Pl. XIX
Q42.33 5 7933 COAIII:116, Pl. XIX
Q43.1 5 1.933 COAIII:1,22-3, Pls. XX, XLIX.4;in square Q42
Q43.2 5 1.933 COAIII:1.22-3, Pls. XX, XLIX.4;in square Q42
Q43.3 5 1933 COAIII: t22-3, Pls. XX, XLIX.4;in square Q42
Q43.4 5 1,933 COAlll:1.22-3, Pls. XX, XLIX.4
Q43.s 5 1.933 COAIII:1.22-3, Pls. XX, XLIX.4
Q43.6 5 1933 COAIII:1.22-3, Pls. XX, XLIX.4
Q43.7 5 1933 COAIII:122-3, Pls. XX, XLIX.4
Q43.8 5 1933 COAIII:122-3, Pls. XX, XLIX.4
Sqilrling Sheet Year of Basic references and notes
DO. no. excavation

j 1933 COA III: 1'22-3, Pls' XX, XLIX'4

5 1933 COA III: 122-3, P1s' XX, XLIX'4
) 1933 COA lll: 122-3, Pls' XX, XLIX'4
) 1933 COAIII:122-3, Pls' XX, XLIX'4
) 7933 COA III: 722-3, Pis' XX, XLIX'4
5 1933 COAIII:122-3, Pls' XX, XLIX'4
a 1933 COAIII:1'22-3, Pls' XX, XLIX'4
) 1933 COAIII:1'22-3, Pls' XX, XLIX'4
) IYJJ COA III: 1'22-3, Pls' XX, XLIX'4
5 1.933 COA lll: 1'22-3, Pls' XX, XLIX'4
5 1933 COAIII:1'22-3' Pls' XX, XIIX'4; in square Q42
a 1933 COAIII: 122-3,Pls' XX, XLIX'4
) 1933 COAIII:722-3, Pls' XX' XLIX'4
5 1933 COA lll: 1'22-3, Pls' XX, XLIX'4
) 1933 COAIII:722-3, Pls' XX, XLIX'4
) 1933 COAIII: f22-3' Pls' XX' XLIX'4
a 1933 COAIII: 122-3'Pls' XX, XLIX'4
r 1933 COAIII:122-3, Pls' XX, XLIX'4
a 1933 COAIII:1'22-3, P1s' XX, XLIX'4
5 7933 COAIII: 122-3, Pis' XX, XLIX'4
) 1933 COAIII:1'22-3, Pls' XX, XLIX'4
a 1933 COA III: 122-3, P1s XX, XLIX'4
5 1933 COAIII:122-3, Pls' XX, XLIX'4
) 1933 COAIII:122-3, Pls' XX, XLIX'4
a 1.933 COAIII: 122-3,Pis' XX, XLIX'4
5 1933 COAIII:122-3, Pls' XX, XLIX'4
5 1,933 COA\II: 122-3, Pls' XX, XLIX'4
^ lqll COAIII:1'22-3, Pls' XX, XLIX'4
5 1933 COAIII:122-3, Pls' XX, XLIX'4
5 1933 COAIII: L22-3, Pls' XX, XLIX'4
a L933 COAIIl:122-3, Pls' XX, XLIX'4
5 7933 COAIII:122-3, PIs XX, XLIX 4
) \933 COAIII:722-3, P1s' XX, XLIX 4
r 1933 COAIII:122-3, PIs' XX, XLIX 4
5 7933 COAIII: \22-3, Pls' XX, XLIX 4
a 7933 COA III: 122-3,P1s' XX, XLIX'4
a 1933 COAIII:122-3, Pls' XX, XLIX'4
5 1933 COAIII:1'22-3' Pls' XX' XLIX'4
) 1933 COAIII: 122-3,Pls' XX, XLIX'4
a 1,933 COAIII:1'22-3, Pls' XX, XLIX'4
5 1933 COA III: 122-3' P1s' XX' XLIX'4
r 1933 COAIII: 122-3, Pls' XX, XLIX'4
5 1933 COAIII: 122-3, Pls' XX, XLIX'4
a \933 COAIII: 122-3' Pls' XX, XLIX'4
5 1,933 COAIII:1'22-3, Pls' XX' XLIX'4
5 1933 COAIII:122-3, Pls' XX, XLIX'4
3 7933 COA III: 722-3, PIs' XX, XLIX'4
5 1'933 COAIII:1'22-3, Pls' XX' XLIX'4
) 1933 COAIII:122-3, Pls XX, XLIX'4
5 1933 COAIII: 122-3' Pls' XX, XLIX'4
a 1933 COAIII:1'22-3, Pls' XX' XLIX 4
) 1933 COA III: 1.22-3, P1s' XX, XLIX'4
5 1933 COAIII:722-3, Pls' XX' XLIX'4
Building Sheet Year of Basic references and notes
no. no. excavation

Q-r3 62 5 1933 COAIII:722-3, Pls. XX, XIIX.+

Q+3 63 5 1933 COAIII:122-3, Pls. XX, XLIX.+
Q13.64 5 t933 COAIII:1.22-3, Pls. XX, XLIX.4
Q43.65 5 1933 COAIII:122-3, Pls. XX, XLIX 4
Q43.66 5 1933 COAIII:722-3, Pls. XX, XllX.4
Q43.67 5 1933 COAIII:1.22-3, Pls. XX, XLIX.4
Q43.68 5 1933 COAIII:1.22-3, Pis. XX, XLIX'4
Q43.6e 5 1933 COAlll:122-3, Pls. XX, XLIX.4
Q43.70 5 1933 COAIII:122-3, Pls. XX, XLIX.4
Q43.71. 5 1933 COAIII: 122-3, Pk. XX, XLIX.4
Q43.72 5 1933 COAIII:122-3, Pls. XX, XLIX.4
Q43.73 5 1933 COAIII: 122-3, PIs. XX, XLIX'4
Q43.74 5 1933 COAIII:1.22-3, Pls. XX, XLIX.4
Q43.7s 5,6 1892 PITA:22, Pl. XXXIX.1O; Petrie no. 10
Q43.76 5,6 1892 PITA:22, Pl. XXXVIII.5; Petrie no. 5
Q44.1 6 1923 JEAl0 (1,924):290-3,Pls. XXV, XXVI, XXVII.2; /L-\(12-Iuir -!i-
67 , Fig.7; GLanville 1'926; CAW: 37-8, Abb. 35; EES archivr
p'e- K
(Emery)

Q44.2 6 1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan D (Emery); cf-JEA 10 (192-1 : lS:
Unpublished; EES archive plan D (Emery); ci. JEA 10 (192- : i:
l
Q44.3 6 1923
Q44.4 6 1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan D (Emery); cf.JEA 10 ii9l-+ l>::

Q44.s 6 1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan D (Emery); cf.JEA 10 i19l+ : l:-
Q44.6 6 1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan D (Emery); cf. JEA i 0 i 191+ . :: -
Q44.7 6 1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan D (Emery); cf.JEA 10 i19l- l::
Q44.8 6 1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan D (Emery); c{. JEA 10 r 1 9l-r : l: -
Q44.e 6 1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan D (Emery); cf. JEA 10 i19l- l: -
Unpublished; EES archive plan D (Emery); cf. -IF'A 10 ' i9l- : l>
l
Q44.10 6 1923
Q44.11 6 1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan D (Emery); c{. JEA 10 , r9l- : l: '
Q44.12 6 1.923 Unpublished; EES archive pian D (Emery); cf' JEA 10 , 191- : l::
Q44.13 6 1923 JEA 1O (1924): 293, Pl. XXV; EES archive plan K (Emen
Q44.14 6 1924-5 Unpublished; EES archive plan U, no coPy (Clark): cf.JL) 1l -":-

Q44.1s 6 1924-5 Unpublished; EES archive plan U, no coPy (Clark)r cl JEl iI -:l- -:

Q44.16 6 1924-5 Unpublished; EES archive pldn U, no coPy (Clark); cf JEl 12 19lf : -:
'-9ll ''
Q44.17 6 1924-5 Unpublished; EES arcirive p).an U, no copy (Clark); cf' JE 11l '
Q44.18 5,6 1892 PITA: 22, Pl. XXXVIII.6; Petrie no. 6
Q4s.1 6 1923 Unpubiished;EES archive plan C1 (Ernery);JEA 10 (192-1): 289
l
Q4s.2 6 1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan E, no copy (Emery) ; cf-JE-l 1l t - 9l- I :

Q4s.3 6 1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan E, no copy (Emery) ; cf. JE l 1t-) 1 vl- : I : -
Q4s.4 6 1923 Unpublished; EES archive pian E, no copy (Emery); cf' JEA 1 r ) - !l- l' -

Q4s.s 6 1923 Unpublished; EESarchive planE,nocopy(Emery); cf.JEA 1I-r '--:+ :I>l

Q4s.6 6 1923 Unpublished; EES archive planE, no copy (Emery); cf.JEA 1[t 9]- l'l
-: -
Q4s.7 6 1923 Unpubhshed; EES archive planE, no copy (Emery); cf.JEAlt-r -vl-:
l
Q45.8 6 1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan E, no copy (Emery); cf- JEA 10 r 9l- : lr
Unpublished; EES archive planE, no copy (Emery); cf-JEA 1L) I 191- : l:
l
Q4s.e 6 1923

Q4s.10 6 1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan E, no copy (Emery) ; cf JEA 10 1 9l- : I :'
'
(

6 1923 Unpublished; EES archive planE, no copy (Emery); cl'JEA 10 (192-1 : l::
Q4s.11
Q4s.12 6 1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan E, no copy (Emery) ; cf JEA 1 0 (1 92- : i > -
6 1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan E, no copy (Emery) ; cf' JEA 1 0 (1 92-{ : l:'
Q4s.13
6 1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan E, no copy (Emery) ; cf' JEA 1 0 (1 92- : I :'
Q4s.14
-
Q4s.15 6 1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan E, no copy (Emery) ; cf. JEA 1 0 ( 1 92- : i >

Q45.16 6 1.923 Unpublished; EEsarchiveplanE,nocopy(Emery); cf.JEA 10 (193- : l:-

:
6 1923 UnpubLished; EES archive plan E, no copy (Emery) ; cf' JEA 1 0'' 1 9l- : I :
Q4s.17
6 1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan F, no copy (Emery); cf'JEA 10 (191- : i::
Q4s.18
Building Sheet Year of Basic references and notes
no. no. excavation

1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan F, no copy (Emery) ; cf JEA 70 (1924): 289
.

1923 Unpublished;EES archive plan F, no copy (Emery); cf.JEA 10 (1921):289

1923 UnpubJished;EES archive plan F, no copy (Emery); cf.JEA 1,0 (1924):289
1923 Unpublished;EES archive plan F, no copy (Emery); cf.JEA I0 (1924):289
7923 Unpublished; EES archive plan F, no copy (Emery) ; cf JEA 10 (1924): 289
.

r923 Unpublished; EES archive plan F, no copy (Emery) ; cf JEA 10 (1924): 289
.

1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan F, no copy (Emery) ; cf J EA 10 (7924) : 289

.

1.923 Unpublished; EES archive plan F, no copy (Emery) ; cf JEA . 1,0 (1924) : 289
1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan F, no copy (Eme ry) ; cf JEA 10 (1924): 289
.

1.923 Unpubiished; EES archive plan F, no copy (Emery); cf.JEA 1,0 (i924):289
1.923 Unpublished;EES archive plan F, no copy (Emery); cf.JEA 10 (1924):289
1923 Unpublished;EES archive plan F, no copy (Emery); cf.JEA f0 $924):289
1923 Unpublished;EES archive plan F, no copy (Emery); cf.JEA 10 (1924):289
1923 Unpubiished; EES archive plan F, no copy (Emery) ; cf JEA 10 (1924) : 289
.

1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan F, no copy (Emery) ; cf. JEA 10 (1924) : 289
1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan F, no copy (Emery) ; cf. JEA 10 (1924) : 289
1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan F, no copy (Emery) ; cf. JEA 1,0 (1,924): 289
1.923 Unpublished; EES archive plan F, no copy (Emery); cf .JEA 10 (1924): 289
1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan F, no copy (Emery) ; cf JEA 10 (1924) : 289
.

1923 UnpubJished; EES archive plan F, no copy (Emery) ; cf JEA 10 (1924): 289
.

1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan F, no copy (Emery); cf.JEA 70 (1924):289

1,923 Unpublished;EES archive plan F, no copy (Emery); cf.JEA 10 (1924):289
1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan F, no copy (Emery) ; cf JEA 10 (1924): 289
.

1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan F, no copy (Emery); cf. JEA 1,0 (1924): 289
1.923 Unpublished; EES archive plan F, no copy (Emery) ; cf JEA 10 (1924): 289
.

1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan F, no copy (Emery) ; cf. JEA 10 (1924): 289
1.923 Unpublished; EES archive plan F, no copy (Emery); cf.JEAl0 (1924):289
1924 Unpublished; probably no plan rnade; cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302
1.924 Unpublished; probably no plan rnade; cf. JEA 1,0 (1,924): 302
1924 Unpublished; probably no plan rnade; cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302
1924 Unpublished; probably no plan made; cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302
1924 Unpublished; probably no pian rnade; cf JEA
. 10 (1924): 302
1924 Unpubli.shed; probably no plan rnade; cf JEA
. 10 (1924): 302
1924 Unpublishe d; probably no plan nade; cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302
1924 Unpublished; probably no plan rnade; cf. JEA 1,0 (1924): 302
1924 Unpublished; probably no plan rnade; cf. JEA !0 (1924): 302
1924 Unpublished; probably no plan 10 (1924): 302
rnade; cf. JEA
1.924 Unpublished; EES archive planJ, no copy (Emery); cf.JEA 10 (1924):302
1.924 Unpublished; EES archive planJ, no copy (Emery); cf.JEA fi (1924):302
1924 Unpublished; EES archive planJ, no copy (Emery); cf.JEA 10 (1924):302
1924 Unpublished; EES archive planJ, no copy (Emery); cf.JEA 10 (1924):302
1924 Unpublished; EES archive planJ, no copy (Emery); cf.JEA 10 (1924):302
1924 Unpublished; EES archive planJ, no copy (Emery); cf.JEA 1,0 (7924):302
1924 Unpublished; EES archive planJ, no copy (Emery); cf.JEA 10 (7924):302
1924 Unpublished; EES archive planJ, no copy (Emery); cf.JEA 10 (7924):302
7924 Unpublished; EES archive planJ, no copy (Emery); cf.JEA 10 (1924):302
1924 UnpubJished; EES archive planJ, no copy (Emery); cf.JEA 1,0 (1924):302
1924 Unpublished;EES archive planJ, no copy (Emery); cf.JEAl0 (1924):302
1924 Unpublished; EES archive planJ, no copy (Emery) ; cf JEA 70 (1924) : 302
.

r924 Unpubtshed; EES archive planJ, no copy (Emery); cf.JEA 70 (1924):302

1924 Unpublished; EES archive plarxJ,'W, no copies F-.ry); d.p,ll,O (1924):302
1924 Unpublished; EES archive plan W, no copy (Emery) ; cf .JEA 10 (1924): 302
r924 Unpublished; EES archive plan W, no copy (Emery); cf.JEA 10 (1,924):302
 Building Sheet Year of Basic references and notes
no. no. excavation

Q45.72 6 1924 Unpublished; EES archive plan'W, no cop y @rnery) ; cf JE A I0 (1924) : 302
.

Q4s.73 6 1924 Unpublished; EES archive plan'W, no copy (Emery); cf.JEA I0 (1924): 302
Q45.74 6 1924 UnpubJished;EES archiveplanW, no copy (E'mery); cf.JEAI\ (1924):302
Q4s.7s 6 1924 Unpubtshed; EES archive plan'W, no copy (Emery); cf.JEA 10 (1924): 302
Q4s.76 6 1924 Unpublished; EES archive plan W, no copy (Emery); cf.JEA I0 (1924):302
Q4s.77 6 1924 Unpublished; EES archive plan'W, no cop y @mery) ; cf JEA I0 (1924) : 302
.

Q4s.78 6 1924-25 Unpublished; EES archive plaff T, lJ, no copies (Clark); d. p,l
12 (1926): 3
Q4s.7e 6 1924-25 Unpublished; EES archive plr"s T, [J, no copies (Clark); cf.JEA 12 (1926):3
Q4s.80 6 1924-25 Unpublished; EES archive plnrs T, IJ, no copies (Clark); d pA n(926): 3
Q4s.81 6 1924--25 Unpublished; EES archive pla* T, (J, no copies (Clark); ct.1U 12 (1926): 3
Q4s.82 6 1924-25 Unpublished; FES archive plrt" T, IJ, no copies (Clark); dp1 12 (1926):3
Q4s.83 6 7924-25 Unpublished; EES archive platrs T, U, no copies (Clark); d.1U 12 (1926): 3
Q4s.84 6 1924-25 Unpublished; EES archive plans T, IJ, no copies (Clark); dlAl n (926): 3
Q4s.8s 6 1924-25 Unpublished; EES archive plaff T, lJ, no copies (Clark); d.lEA 12 (1926): 3
Q4s.86 6 1924-25 Unpublished; EES archive plros T, u, no copies (Clark); dpA n $926):3
Q1s.87 6 1924-25 Unpublished; EES archive plar" T, lJ, no copies (Clark); d. pA
12 (1926): 3
Q45.88 6 1924-25 Unpublished; EES archive plrts T, [J, no copies (Clark); d 1dA n
(926): 3
Q4s.8e 6 1924-25 Unpublished; FFS archive plat" T, IJ, no copies (Clark); d.lEA 12 (7926):3
Q45.e0 6 1924-25 Unpublished; EES archive plaos T, U, no copies (Clark); dlAl n
(926):3
Q4s.e1 6 1924-25 Unpublished; EES archive plals T, lJ, no copies (Clark); d.lEA 12 (1926):3
Q45.e2 6 192425 Unpublished; EES archive platrN T, u, no copies (Clark); d
JE412 (1926): 3
Q45.e3 6 1924-25 Unpublished; EFS archive pla^ T, lJ, no copies (Clark); d.1U 12 (1926): 3
Q45.e4 6 1924-25 n
Unpublished; EES archive plans T, tJ, no copies (Clark); d 1e,+ (926): 3
Q45.es 6 1924-25 pA
Unpublished; FFS archive plr"s T, lJ, no copies (Clark); d. 12 (926): 3
Q15.e6 6 1924-25 Unpublished; EES archive plats T, (J, no copies (Clark); dl&l n e926): 3
Q45.e7 6 1924-25 Unpublished; EES archive plans T, lJ, no copies (Clark); d1U 12 (1926): 3
Q15.e8 6 1924-25 Unpublrshed; EES archive plms T, (J, no copies (Clark); {JEA 1.2 (1926):3
Q45.ee 6 1924-25 Unpublished; EES archive plans T, IJ, no copies (Clark); d.pA n e926):3
Q15.100 6 1924-25 Unpublished; FFS archive plrt" T, [J, no copies (C]ark); d. DpA (926): 3
Q45.101 6 1924-25 Unpublished; EES archive plrt" T, (J, no copies (Clark); d 1AA n (926): 3
Q45.102 6 1924-25 Unpublished; F.FS archive plrttr T, lJ, no copies (Clark); dp,l12 (1926): 3
Q45.103 6 1924-25 Unpublished; EES archive plats T, (J, no copies (Clark); d.pt12(1926):3
Q+5,104 6 1924-25 Unpublished; EES archive plans T, U, no copies (Clark); C pzt 12 (1926): 3
Q+5.10s 6 1924-25 Unpublished; EES archive pl"trs T, U, no copies (Clark); {JEA 12 (1926): 3
Q+5.106 6 1924-25 Unpublished; EES archive plans T, [J, no copies (Clark); d. pA n
e926): 3
Q+5.107 6 1924-25 Unpublished; FFS archive plrt" T, IJ, no copies (Clark); d. pA n
(926): 3
Q+5 108 6 1924-25 Unpublished; EES archive plars T, (J, no copies (Clark); d.1nl 12 (1926):3
Q+5.109 6 1924-25 Unpublished; EES archive pln r T, lJ, no copies (Clark); d p,l
12 (1926): 3
Q15.110 6 1924-25 Unpublished; FFS archive plans T, IJ, no copies (Clark); d pa
D (926): 3
Q+5 111 6 1924-25 Unpublished; EES archive plats T, [J, no copies (Clark); d.pA O (926):3
Q+5.112 6 1,924-25 Unpublished; EES archive plans T, U, no copies (Clark); dlel n (926):3
Q+5 113 6 1924-25 Unpublished; FFS archive plans T, (J, no copies (Clark); d.JEA 12 (1926):3
Q+5.114 6 1924-25 Unpublished; FFS archive plr T, IJ, no copies (Clark); 6.1dA n(926): 3
Q+5 i 15 6 1.92415 Unpublished; EES archive plaos T, u, no copies (Clark); d.lnl n(926):3
Q+5 116 6 1924-25 Unpublished; EES archive plrns T, IJ, no copies (Clark); d 1dl 12 (1926): 3
Q+5 117 6 1924-25 Unpublished; EES archive plans T, [J, no copies (Clark); d.1na e
(926): 3
Q+6.1 6 191.2 wT 23-7,S r. r, Hp. 2, T af. 1-3, 29 A-C; MD OG 52 (Okt. 19 13) : 10_77,
Abb. 1, 2,3,20,224, Abb. 6; MDOG 70 (Mai 1932): 47, Abb. 17;
CAW:29, Abb.26, 44, l'bb. 41,47, Abb. 44,Taf. 17 ZB 7916:579-20,
Abb. 10, s22,524,527-8, Abb. 21,543-4,Abb. 48, 54s, Abb. s3,547_9,
555, Abb. 62,81au 50, Abb. 3,4,6; 'Weihnachtshaus'
Q+6 2 1.912 WIT:28-9, Abb. 1, St. I, III, Hp.3; CAW: Taf 15
( )+h i 1.912 WIT:29-31, Abb. 2, 3, St. I, III, Hp. 4
Building Sheet Year of Basic references and notes
no. no. excavation

Q+5+ 6 t9t3 WIT:31.-2, St. I, HP. 4

Q+5.5 6 1913 WIT:32-4, Abb. 4, St I, HP. 5
Q:,6 6 6 191.3 WIT:34-5, Abb. 5, St. I, III' HP. 6
Q+6.; 6 1913 WIT: 35-6, St. I, UI, HP.7; GAW: T:rf' 3

WIT:36, Sr. I, III, Hp.7; GAW:22,'taf' 3; in square R46

Q+68 6 19!3
Qro.s 6 1913 WT: 36-7, St. I, III, HP.7; CAW: Taf' 3
Q+6 10 6 1913 WIT:37-8, St. I, III, HP. 8
Q+6.11 6 1914 WIT:38, St. I, Hp. 5
Q+6 12 6 191.4 WIT:39, St. I, HP' 9
Q+6 13 6 1914 WIT:39-40, St. I, HP. 11
Q+6.1+ 6 1914 WIT:40-7, St. I, Hp. 9
Q+6 15 6 791.4 WIT:47, St.I, Hp. 9
Q-+6 16 6 7914 WIT:41-2, St. I, Hp. 9
Q+6 17 6 t9I4 WIT:42, St. I, HP. 9
Q.O tg 6 1914 WIT:42-3, St. l, HP' 10
Q'o.tg 6 191.4 WIT:43-4, St. I, HP. 10
Qr6 20 6 \914 WIT:44, St. I, HP. 10
Qr6 21 6 1974 WIT:45, St. I, HP. 10
aJ6 )) 6 191.4 WIT'.45-6, St. I, HP. 10
Q+6 23 6 19\4 WIT:16, St. I, HP. 10
Q+6 2.+ 6 1914 WIT:46-7, St. I, HP. 12
Q+6.25 6 1,91.4 WIT: 47, St. I, Hp. 9
Q+6 26 6 1914 WIT:47-8, St. I, HP. 12
Q+6 27 6 1914 WIT:48, St. I, HP. 11
Q+6.28 6 1914 WIT:48-9, St. I, HP. 11
Q+6.2e 6 1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan C1 (Emery); cf' JEA 10 (1924): 289
Q+6 30 6 1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan C1 (Emery); cf' JEA 10 (1924): 289
Q+6.31 6 1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan C1 (Emery); cf' JEA 70 (1924): 289
Q+6 32 6 1.923 Unpublished; EES archive plan C1 (Emery); cf' JEA 10 (1924): 289
Q+6 33 6 7923 Unpublished; EES archive plan C1 (Emery); cf' JEA 10 (1924): 289
Q+6.3+ 6 1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan C1 (Emery); cf' JEA 10 (1924):289
Q+6.35 6 1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan C1 (Emery); cf' JEA 70 (1924): 289
Q16.36 6 1923 Unpublished; EES archi.ve plan C1 (Emery); cf' JEA 10 (1924): 289
Q+6.37 6 1923 Unpublished; EES archive pian C1 (Emery); cf' JEA t0 (1924): 289
Q+6.38 6 1923 Unpublished; EES archive plan C1 (Emery); cf' JEA 1'0 (1924): 289
Q+6 39 6 1924 Unpublished; EES archive plan H (Emery); cf' JEA fi (924): 302
(1924):302
Q+6.10 6 1924 Unpublished; EES archive plan G (Emery), no copy; cf'JEA10

Q+6.41 6 1924 Unpublnhed;EES archive plan G (Emery), no copy; cf'JEAt} (1924):302

Q+6 42 6 1924 Unpublished;EES archiveplan G (Emery), no copy; cf'JEA10 (1924):302

Q+6.43 6 1,924 Unpublished; EES archive plan G (Emery) , no copy; cf JEA 70 (1924): 302
'

Unpublishe d; EES archive ptan G @mery), no copy; cf J EA 10 (192 4) : 302

Q+6.44 6 7924 '

Q+6.45 6 1924 Unpublished; EES archive plan G (Emery) , no copy; cf'JEA 10 (1924): 302
Unpubiishe d; EES archive plan G (Emery) , no copy; cf'JEA 10
(1924): 302
Q+6 16 6 1924
cf'JEA10 (1921):302
Q+6 47 6 1924 Unpubtshed;EES archive plan G (Emery)' no coPy;
EES archi.ve plan G (Emery) no copy; cf'JEA 10 (7924): 302
Q+6.48 6 1.924 Unpublished; ,

Unpublished; EE archive plan G (Emery) ! no c opy; cf JEA 1 0 (1924) : 302

Q+6.4e 6 1924 S '

(1924) : 302
Q+6.50 6 1924 Unpublished; EES archive plan G (Emery), no copy; cf' JEA 10
Unpublished; EES archive plan G (Emery), no copy ; cf J EA 1'0 (1924) : 302
Q46.51 6 1,924
(Emery), no copy;
'

cf]EAfi (924):302
Q46.52 6 1924 Unpublished; EES archive plan G
(1924): 302
Unpublishe d; EES archive plan G (Emery) , no copy; cf'JEA 10
Q46.s3 6 1924
(1924):302
Q46.s4 6 r924 Unpublished;EES archive plan G (Emery), no copy; cf'JEA10
WIT:144-7, St. I, III, IV, Hp' 36,Taf' 15A; MDOC 52 (Okt' 1913):
Q47.1 6,7 191.3
21. Abb.5; GAW: Taf. 18
Sfilding Sheet Year of Basic references and notes
no. no. excavation

(JJ- 1
6.1 1912 WT:747-8, St. III, Hp. 37
Q+- 3 6,7 1912 WIT:148-9, St.III, Hp. 38
Q+; + 6.7 1912 WIT:149-50, St. III, Hp. 39
Q-+; 5 6,7 1912 WIT:1.50-7, St. III, Hp. 40
Q+: 6 6,7 t912 WIT:751, St. III, Hp. 36; MDOC s2 (Okt. 1913):18
Q+7 7 6 1912 WIT:1.51.-2, St. I, III, Hp. 41
Q+7.8 6,7 t912 WIT: 152, St. III, Hp. 39
Q+7 e 6,7 t972 WIT:753, St. I, III, Hp.42
Q+7.10 6 1913 WIT: 153-4,St. I, III, Ftp. 43
Q+7.11 6 1.913 WIT:1.54_5, St. I, III, HP. 43
Q+t.12 6,7 t913 WIT: 1.55-6, St. III, Hp. 38
Q+7.13 6,7 1913 WIT:1.56, St.III, Hp. 44; CAW:24,Taf.7
Q+7.14 6,7 191.3 WIT: 1 56-9, Abb. 23-5,St. III, Hp. 4 4; CAW: 22, T af . 7 ; NEBEMHEB
Q17.15 6 t913 WIT:1.59, St. III, Hp. 45
Q17.16 6 1913 WIT:760, St. III, Hp. 45; MDOG 52 (Okt. 1913):26-8, Abb. 9
Q47 1l 6 1913 WIT:760-1., St. I, III, Hp.46
Q47.18 6 1973 WIT:767, St.III, Hp. 46
Q47.19a 6 1913 WIT:161.-2, St. III, Hp. 47
Q47.1eb 6 t913 WIT: 161-2, St. III, Hp. 47
Q47.20 6 1913 WIT:1.62-3, St. III, Hp. 48
Q17.21. 6 191.3 WIT:163-4, St. I, III, Hp. 48
Q47.22 6 1913 WIT: 161, St. I, III, Hp. 49
Q47.23 6 1913 WIT:1.64-5, St. I,III, Hp. 49
Q47.24 6 1913 WIT: 766-7, 1'bb. 26, St. I, III, Hp. 49
Q47.25 6 1913 WIT: 1.67-8, St. I, III, HP. 50
Q47.26 6 1913 WIT:168 9, St. I, III, HP. 50
Q47.27 6 1913 III, Hp. 50
tr4tlT:1.69, St. I,
Q48.1 7 1913 WIT: 223-5, St. IV, Hp. 66
Q48.2 7 1913 WIT: 225-6, St. IV, Hp. 66
Q48.3 7 191.3 WIT:226-8, St. IV, Hp. 67
Q48.4 6 1987 ,4R V: Chaps. 1-4
R41.1 5 1932 COA lll 110, PI. Xvlll
R41.2 5 1932 COA lll 110, Pl. XVIII
R41.3 5 1932 COAIII:108, Pls. XVIII, XLVIIL4
R41.4 5 1932 COAIII:109, Pls. XVIII, XLVIII.3;labelled Q41.5 on COAIII:Pl.I
R41.5 5 1932 COAIII:109, P1s. XVIII, XLVIII.1, 2; labelled Q41.6 on CO,4 III: Pl. I
R41.6 5 L932 COAIIl:109, Pl. XVIII;labelled Q41.7 on CO,4III: Pl. I
P.42.7 5 t933 COAIII:131, Pls. XXI, L.2
k42.2 5 1933 COAIII:131, Pl. XXI
R42.3 5 t933 COAIII:131, Pl. XXI
P.42.4 5 1933 COAlll:131. Pl. XXI
R42.5 5 1933 COAIII:131. Pl. XXI
R42.6 5 1.933 COAIII:117, P1s. XIX, L.1
F.42.7 5 t933 COAIII:117, Pl. XIX
R42.8 5 1933 COAIII:131.-2, Pl. XXI
F.42.9 5 1933,1936 COAlll: 131.-2, Pls. XXI, L.3-LI.5; by mistake R42.3 on COAIII:
PI. XXI
R42.10 5 1933 COAIII: 132-5, P1s. XXI, Lil-LIY;JEA20 (1934):135-6, Pl. XVII.1;
ILN (15 Sept. 1934): 387, Fig. 7; barracks
P.42.n 5 1933 COAIII:131, Pl. XXI
k42.12 5 1933 COAIII:117. Pl. XIX
k42.1.3 5 1933 COAIII:117, Pi. XIX
P.42.14 5 1933 COAIII:116. Pl. XIX
Buildi.g Sheet Year of Basic references and notes
no. no. excavation

1933 COA III: 1!6; not marked on plans, but said to be close to F.l42.I4
) 1936 COAIII:139, Pls. XXII, LV.1
1936 COAIII:139-40, Pls. XXII, XXIII, LV.2-4
1936 COAIII:1,40-1, Pls. XXII, LVI; .House of the King's Statue,
J 1936 COA III: 142, PI. XXil
J lJnexcavated
6 1924 Unpublished; EES archive pian L, (Emery) , no copy;JEA 10 (1924): 302;
MP: 44, n. 2,56; Steward of Akhetaten
6 1924 Unpublished; EES archive plan M (Emery); JEA l0 (1924): 302,
Pl. XXXIII; MP: 45, Pl. XVIII.C; First Servitor of rhe Aten
PANEHSY
6 1912 WIT:17, St.I, Hp. 1
6 1924 Unpublished; EES archive plan H (Emery); cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302
6 1924 Unpublished; EES archive plan H (Emery); cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302
6 7924 Unpublished; EES archive plan I (Emery); cf JEA 10 (1924): 302
.

6 1924 UnpubJished; EES archive plan I (Emery); cf.

6 1924
6 1924
6 1924
6 1924
6 1924
6 1924
6 1924
6 1924
6 1924
6 1924
6 1924
6 1924
6 1924
6 1924
6 1924
6 1924
6 1924
6 1924
6 1924
6 1924
6 1924
6 1924
6 1924
6 1924
6 1924
6 1924
6 1924
6 1924
6 1.924
6 1924
6 1924
6 1924
6 1924
6 1924
6 1924
6 1924
6 t924
JEA 10 (1924): 302
Unpublished; EES archive plan I (Emery); cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302
Unpublished; EES archive plan I (Emery); cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302
Unpublished; EES archive plan I (Emery) ; cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302
Unpublished; EES archive plan I (Emery); cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302
Unpublished; EES archive plan H (Emery); c{. JEA 10 (1924): 302
Unpublished; EES archive plan I (Ernery); cf. JEA I0 (1924): 302
Unpublished; EES archive plan I (Emery) ; cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302
Unpublished; EES archive plan I (Emery); cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302
Unpublished; EES archive plan I (Emery); cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302
Unpublished; EES archive plan I (Emery); cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302
Unpublished; EES archive plan I (Emery) ; cf. JEA I0 (1924): 302
Unpublished; EES archive plan I (Emery); cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302
UnpubJished; EES archive plan I (Emery); cf.
JEA 10 (1924): 302
Unpublished; EES archive plan I (Emery); cf. JEA I0 (1924): 302
Unpublished; EES archive plan I (Emery) ; cf. JEA I0 (1924): 302
Unpublished; EES archive plan I (Emery) ; cf. JEA IO (1924): 302
Unpublished; EES archive plan H (Emery); cf.
JEA I0 (1924): 302
Unpublished; EES archive plan H (Emery); cf. JEA I0 (1924): 302
Unpublished; EES archive plan I (Emery); cf. JEA I0 (1924): 302
Unpublished; EES archive plan I (Emery); cf. JEA I0 (1924): 302
Unpublished; EES archive plan I (Emery) ; cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302
Unpublished; EES archive plan I (Emery); cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302
Unpublished; EES archive plan FI (Emery); cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302
Unpublished; EES archive plan I (Emery); cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302
Unpublished; EES archive plan I (Emery); cf. JEA I0 (1924): 302
Unpublished; EES archive plan I (Emery); cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302
Unpublished; EES archive plan I (Emery): cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302
Unpublished; EES archive plan H (Emery); cf.
JEA IO (1924): 302
Unpublished;EES archive plan H (Emery); cf.JEA I0 (1924):302
Unpublished;EES archive plan H (Emery); cf.JEA IO (1924):302
Unpublished; EES archive plan H (Emery); cf.JEA 10 (1924):302
Unpublished; EES archive plan I (Emery); cf. JEA I0 (1924): 302
Unpublished; EES archive plan I (Emery); cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302
Unpublished; EES archive plan H/I (Emery); cf . JEA 70 (1924): 302
Unpublished; EES archive plan H/I (Emery); cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302
Unpublished; EES archive plan I (Emery); cf. JEA I0 (1924): 302
Unpublished; EES archive plan I (Emery); cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302
!filding Sheet Year of Basic references and notes
no. no. excavation

R+5.12 6 1924 Unpublished; EES archive plan I (Emery); cf. JEA 10 (7924): 302
R+5.+3 6 1924 Unpublished; EES archive plan I (Emery); cf. JEA 10 (1.924): 302
R+5 ++ 6 1924 unpublished; EES archive plan I (Emery); cf. JEA 10 (1924): 302
R+5 +5 6 1.924 Unpublished; EES archive plan I (Emery); cf. JEA I0 (7924): 302
R+5.+6 6 1924 Unpublished; EES archive plan H (Emery); cf. JEA 10 (1.924): 302;
numbered k45.47 on Plan H
R+5.47 6 1924 unpublished; EES archive plan H (Emery); cf JEA 1,0 (7924): 302
.

R-+5..+8 6 1,924 Unpublished; EES archive plan H (Ernery); cf. JEA 1,0 (1924): 302
R45.49 6 1924 Unpublished; EES archive plan H (Emery); cf. JEA 1,0 (924): 302
R45.50 6 7924 unpublished; EES archive plan H (Emery); cf. JEA 10 (1.924): 302
R,+5.51 6 1924 lJnpublished; EES archive plan H (Emery); cf. JEA t0 (1924): 302
R15.52 6 1924 Unpublished; EES archive plan H (Emery); cf. JEA 1.0 (1.924): 302;
numbered R45.54 on plan H
R45.53 6 1.924 Unpublished; EES archive plan H (Emery); cf. JEA 10 (7924): 302;
numbered R45.54 on plan H
R45.54 6 1924 Unpublished; EES archive plan H (Emery); cf. JEA 10 (1.924): 302
R45.55 6 1.924 Unpublished; EES archive plan H (Emery); c(.JEA 10 (1.924):302
R46.1 6 191.4 WIT:49, St. I, HP. 13
k46.2 6 1914 WIT:49-50, St. I, HP. 13
R46.3 6 1974 WIT:50-2, Abb' 6, 7, St. I, Hp.12
R46.4 6 1,914 WIT:52-3, St. I, HP. 14
R46.5 6 191.4 WIT:52-3, St' I, HP. 14
R46.7 6 1924 unpubiished; EES archive plan H (Emery); cf. JEA 70 (1924): 302-3
R46.8 6 7924 Unpublished; EES archive pLan H (Emery); cf. JEA 10 (1'924): 302-3
R46.9 6 1.924 UnpubJ.ished; EES archive plan H (Emery); cf JEA I0 (7924): 302-3
.

R46.10 6 1.924 Unpublished; EES archive plan H (Emery); cf. JEA 1,0 (1924): 302-3
533.1 3 1931/32 COAII:67-8,78, Pls. X, XXIV.1, 2;JEA 17 (1931):239-40
s35.1 3 1.928/29 COArI:43,78,PL.Y11;JEA77 (1,931): Pl. LXVIII;in square T35
535.2 3 1.928129 COA ll 43-4,78, PI. YII; JEA 77 (1'931): Pl. LXVIII
535.3 3 1928/29 COA Il:78, PI. Yrr; JEA 17 (1'931): Pl' LXVIII
535.4 3 1.928/29 COA II: 44,78, Pl. YII; JEA 17 (1'931): Pl. LXVIII
S3s.5 3 7928/29 COAII:78,PLYII;JEA17 (1931): Pl. LXVIII
539.1 4 1933,7962 COA III: 2I-2, Fig. 3; JEA 20 (1.934): 133; also unpublished EAO
excavatlon; rn square S38
s39.2 4 1926 COA lll: 22-5, PIs. X, XXIX; JEA 13 (1927): 213-76, Pls. XLIV,
XLVIII, XLIX; Hall of Foreign Tribute
540.1 4/5 1936 COAIIL28-9,Fig.7, Pl. XXXII'1-4
540.2 4 1933 COAIII:7, Pl. VII;,4R IV: 103-5' Fig' 8'1
540.3 4 1.933 COAIII:7, Pl. VII; ,4R IV: 103-5, Fig. 8'1
540.4 4 7926, 1933 COAIIT:11,P1.1;JEA 1.3 (1.927):pLXLIY;JEA20 (1934): 1'32; AAJ
50, 571 (Sept. 1934): 96,Fig.; Benben stone
S40.5 4 7926,1933 COArtr:10,PL.r;JEA 13 (7927):PI.XLIY;JEA20 (1'934):1'33; AAJ
50,571' (Sept. 1934): 96, Fig.; Butchers' yard
s40.6 4 1,933 COA III 1,1 , Pl. I; JEA 20 (1934): 1.33; AAJ 5A, 571 (Sept. 1934): 96,
Fig.;Arab tomb
s40.7 4 1933 coAIIL7, Pl. VII; ,4R IV: 103-5, Fig. 8.1; there, in error, 540.1
542.1 5 (Jnexcavated large well and enclosure
7 -
1930/31.
T26"7 JEA 17 (1.931):241.-2; there called U25.I: in square T25
T33.1, 3 1931/32 COAIL68,78, Pls. X, XXIV'3
T33.2 3 1.93L/32 COAIL69, 78, Pl' X
T33.3 3 1931./32 COAII:68-9, 79, Pi. X
T33.4 3 1931/32 COAII:75-6,79,P1.X1
T33.5 3 1931/32 COAII:79; number orignally given to U33'15
Building Sheet Year of Basic references and notes
no. no. excavation

r -i-r 6 3 19313 /2 COA II PI. X

69 , 79
'
, -.1 -;r 3 1931/32 COAI|69-70.79, Pl. X
I-i-l-b 3 1931/32 COAII:69-70,79, Pl' X
- -i-1.,i1 3 1931/32 COAII:70,19,P\.X
,-..1 Sb 3 ]93f /32 COAII:7O,79, Pl. X
T-r-r.Sc 3 193L3/2 COAII:70,79,Pl.X
T-r-r Sd 3 1931/32 COA II 70,79,PI. X
--r-i Se 3 7931/32 COAII:70,79'PI.X
- -r-r 9 3 7931/32 COAII:7O, 79, Pl. X
T-r-i 1rr 3 1931/32 COAII:70,79,P1.X
I -r-i 1 1 3 1931 /32 COA II:70 1 , 79, Pl. X
T-r-r12 3 1931/32 COAII:10 1,79'PIX
- 1-1.1i 3 1931/32 COA II:71, Pl. X; see our note on p' 28
T-l-L 1 3 1930/31 COAIL 63-6,7.)-80, Pls. X, XV, XXII.6, XXIil.I-4;JEA 17 (1931):
237-9. P1s. LXXIV, LXXV; /LN (5 Sept. 1931): 366, 367, Fig' 10;
PITA:109, Pl. III; Overseer of works HATIAY
, -:r I 3 1930/31 COAII:66, 80, Pl. X
1-:-: -1 3 I93O/31 COA II: (16-7, 80, Pl' X
Ti- + 3 1930/31 COAII:63-6,81, P1s' X, XV
- _.r i 3 1928/29 COA II:35, 81, Pl YL; JEA 15 (192c)): Pl. XXII; in square lJ3-5
,:r I 3 1,928/29 COA II:38, 81, P1. VII; JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII; JEA 17 (1931):
PI. LXVIII
-_ra i 3 1928/2t) COAII:37,40-7, Fig.5,81, P1s. VII, XYII;JEA 15 (1929): 145,146,
Pls. XXII, XXIII;JE4 17 (1931): Pl LXVIII
- -:-i ' 3 1928/29 COA II:43, 81, P\- VII; JEA 17 (]931): Pl LXVIII
- -r_; -i 3 1 928/29 COA 1I: 81; JEA L7 (1931): Pl. LXVIII; not n'ralked on plans
: -: ., 3 1928/29 COAIy 37 ,42,3,81, P1s. VII, XXI.5, 6;JEA 15 (1929): 1'l5, P1. XXII;
JEA 17 (1931): Pl. LXVIII
-.a - 3 Ig28/29 COA II:38, 81, P]. VII; JEA 15 (192c)): Pl. XXII; JEA 17 (1931):
Pl. LXVIII
' j 1928/29 CoAII:40,81, P] VII; JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII; JEA I7 (1931):
PI. LXVIII
, ] 1928/29 CoA II:37,41 2' 81, PIS' VII, XVII; JEA 15 (1929):145' 146,
Pls. XXII, XXIII;JE4 17 (1931): Pl LXVIII
i 1928/2() COA II: 3u, 81 Pl. YII; JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII; JEA 17 (1931):
Pl. LXVIII
-_-a . 3 1928/2() COAII:37,38-9,82, Pls VIt, XXl.l;JEA 15 (1929): 145, Pl. XXII;
JEA 1'7 (1931): Pi. LXVIII
--:-. -l 3 1928/29 COAII:38-'+0, ll2, P1s. VII, XX'5, XXI'3, 4;JEA 15 (1929): 145,
Pl. XXII;JE4 17 (1931): Pl. LXVIII
- -.-i -: 3 1928/29 COA II: 82; JEA 17 (1931): I']]. LXVIII; not marke d oil plaus
- -:r -r 3 1928/29 COAII:82,P1.Y11;JEA15 (1929): P1 XXII;JE4 17 (1931): I']l T-XVIII
-
r: a 3 rt)28/29 COAII:38,82, PI.YII;JEA 15 (1929): Pl XXII;JL-,4 17 (1931): P1.
LXVIII
lg28/2c) COAII:37,38-'+0,82,I']ls VII, XX.4;JEA 15 (1929): 1'15, PI' XXII;
JEA 17 (1931): Pl. LXVIII
---: - -r 1930/31 COAII:46,82,PI.YIII;JEA17 (1931):237,P\' LXVIII
--:: > -r 1930/31 COAII:4(r7,82,PIs.VIII,XXII.4;JEA 17(1931): 233,P1 LXVIII
--r ' -r 1930/31 COAII:46-7,82,PI.Yl.irI;JEAL7 (1931): Pl LXVIll
-:a I i 1930/31 COAII: 11,82,P\ VilI JEA 17 (1931): 236,P1 LXVIII
l- -r 1930/31 CC)AIL11,82, Pl' VIII;JE'4 17 (1931): PI' LXVIII
l-:a tt -l 1930/31 COAII:47,82-3, Pl. VIII;JE4 17 (1931):I']]. LXVIII;in sqr-rare T36
t-:: t-r 3 1930/31 COAII:47,83,PI.YilL;JEA17 (1.931): Pl. LXVIIIrir.r squere T36
t-:: t-+l i 1930,/31 COAII:48,83, I']1. VIII;JE,4 17 (193I): Pl. LXVIII; in square T3(t
Building Sheet Year of Basic references and notes
no. no. excavation

T35.24b 3 1s3O/31 COAII:48, 83, Pl.Y\I;JEA 17 (1'931): Pl' LXVIII; in square T36
T35.25 3 1930/31 COAIr:48, 83, P]s. VIII, XXII.S;JEA 17 (7931): Pl. LXVIII
T35.26 3 1.930/31 COAII:48, 83, PI.YII;JEA 17 (1931): Pl. LXVIII;i.n square T36
T36.1 3 lg26/2j COAII:24,83,P1.1Y;cf.JEAI3 (1927):276,PI.XLLY;JEA75 (1929):
Pl. XXII; in square IJ36
T36.2 3 1926/27 coAII:23-4,83,P1.1Y;cf.JEA1'3 (1'927):216, Pl. XUV;JEAI'S (1929):
Pl. XXII; in square U36
T36.3 3 1.926/27 CoArr:23,83,P1.rY;cf.JEAI3 (1927):2|6,PLXLLY JEA15 (1929):
Pl. XXII; in square U36
T36.4 3 1.926/27 COAII: U3, Pl. IV; cf.JEA13 (1927):21'6,PL-XLLY JEA15 (929):
PI. XXII
T36.5 3 1.926/27 coAII:50, Pls.IX, XX.6; cf.JEA13 (1'927):216,Pl.XL[Y;JEA
83,
1,5 (1'929):Pl.XXII;JEA77 (7931): Pl' LXVIII

T36.6 3 1928/29 COA II: s0, 83, P1. IX; JEA 1'5 (1'929): Pl. XXII; JEA 17 (1'931):
PI. LXVIII
T36.7 3 1,928/29 COA II:50, 83, Pt' IX; JEA 15 (1'929): Pl' XXII; JEA 1'7 (1931):
PI. LXVIII
T36.831928/29COAII:5O,83,Pi.IX;JEA1'5(929):P1-XXII;JEA17(1931):
PI. LXVIII
T36.9 3 L928/29 coA rI:50, 83, PL IX; JEA 1'5 (1929): Pl' XXII; JEA 17 (1931):
Pi. LXVIII
T36.10 3 1926/27 COAII:50,83, Pl. lX;cf.JEAB (7927):216,PL.XLLY;JEA1'5 (1929):
Pl. XXII; JEA 17 (1931): Pl- LXVIII
T3611 3 1928/29 COA lI: 24-5, 84, Pls. IV, XII, XIX,3, XX.3; JEA 15 (1929): 146'
Pls. XXII, XXY;JEA 17 (1937): Pl. LXVIII;JE'4 t9 (\933): 1'-7; AAJ
49, 558 (Aug' 1933): 96-8, with figs.; lLN (10 Aug' 1'929):243;PnTA:
101-8, plan facing p.1'02, Pl. IV; in square IJ36
T36.12 3 1928/29 COA II:51, 84, Pl. IX; JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII; JEA t7 (1'931):
PI. LXVIII
T36.L3 3 1928/29 COAII:54, 34, Pls. IX,XXI2;JEA|5 (1929):PI.XXII;JEA17 (1937):
PI. LXVIII
T36.1.4 3 1928/29 COAIr: 53-4,84, PI. IX; JEA t5 (1929): Pl. XXII; JEA 1'7 (1931):
PI. LXVIII
T36.15 3 r928/2g coA II: 51, 84, Pl. IX; JEA 15 (1929): Pl' XXII; JEA 17 (937):
PI. LXVIII
T36.16 3 1928/29 COA II:51, 84, Pl. IX; JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII; JEA 1'7 (1931):
PI. LXVIII
T36.17 3 1.928/29 coA II:51, 84, Pl. IX; JEA Is (1929): Pl' XXII; JEA 17 (1931):
Pl. LXVIII
T36.18 3 1928/29 COA II:51, 84, PI. IX; JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII; JEA t7 (193i):
PI. LXVIII
T36:s 3 1928/29 coA II:51, 84, Pl. IX; JEA 1'5 (1929): Pl. XXII; JEA 17 (1931):
PI. LXVIII
T36.2() 3 1928/29 CoA|l:54,84,PI'IK;JEA|S(7929):143'n'1,Pl'XXI|;JEA1'7 (193\):
PI. LXVIII
T36.213:1928/29CoAII:49-50,84,P|'IX;JEA1'5(1'929):PI.XXII;JEA1'7(1'931):
PI. LXVIII
-136.22 3 1g28/2g CoAII:49-50,84'Pl.IX;JEA15 (1929):P|.XX]rI;JEA17 (793I):
Pl. LXVIII
T36.23 3 1928/29 CoA|l:49-50,84,P\ lX;JEA15 (1'929):PI.XXII;JEA1,7 (1'931):

PI. LXVIII
T36.24 3 1.928/29 COA II:55, 84, Pl. IX; JEA \5 (7929): Pl. XXII; JEA 17 (1931):
Pl. LXVIII
Builrting Sheet Year of Basic references and notes
no. no. excavation

J 1928/29 COA lI 44, 84, Pl. VIII; JEA Is (1929): pt. XXrr; JEA 17 (1931):
LXVIII
Pl.
J 1928/29 COA Ir: 51, 84, Pl. IX; JEA 15 (1929): pt. XXrr; JEA 17 (1931):
PI. LXUII
J 1928/29 COA II s4, 8s, Pl. IX; JEA 15 (1929): pl. XXrr; JEA 17 (1931):
Pl. LXVIII
J 1928/29 COA II 51, 85, Pl. IX; JEA 15 (1929): pl. XXrr; JEA 17 (1931):
P]. LXVIII
3 1928/29 COA Il: 55, 8s, Pl. IX; JEA 15 (1929): pt. XXrr; JEA 17 (1931):
Pl. LXVIII
J 1928/29 COA II 54, 85, I,l. IX; JEA 15 (1929): pt. XXrr;
JEA 17 (1931):
PI. LXUII
J 1928/29 COA II ss, 8s, Pl. IX; JEA 15 (929): pt. XXrr; JEA 17 (1931):
Pl. LXVIII; see our note on p. 28
3 1928/29 COA II: 55, 85, Pl. IX; JEA 1s (1929): pt. XXrr; JEA 1j (1931):
Pl. LXVIII; see our nore on p. 28
J 1928/29 COA II: 55, 8s, Pi. IX; JEA 15 (1929): pt. XXrr; JEA 17 (1931):
PI. LXVIII
3 1928/29 COA II: 51, 85, Pl. IX; JEA 15 (1929): pl. XXrr; JEA 17 (1931):
Pl. LXVIII
3 1930/31 COAII:85, Pl. VIII;JE4 17 (1931): pl. LXVIII; see our nore on p. 28
',) 1930/31 COAII:44-5, 85, Pls. VIII, XIV, XXII.1, 2; JEA17 (1931):234_6,237,
Pls. LXVIII, LXIX, LXX; AAJ 49,558 (Aug. 1933): 99-100;pnTA:
120-2, Pl. rr.2
3 1930/31 COAII:44-5, 85, Pls. VIII, XIV;JEA t7 (1931): 234-6, pts. LXVIII,
LXIX; PnTA 120-2
3 1930/31 COA rl: s5, 8s, PL IX; JEA 17 (1931): 233, pl. LXUrI
.) 1930/31 COA II 44-6, 85, Pls. VIII, XIV, XXII.3; JEA 17 (1931): 234_6,
Pls. LXVIII, LXIX, LXX; PnTA: 1.20-2
J 1930/31 COAII: s6, 8s, Pl.IX;JEA 17 (1931): pt. LXVTIT
-l 1930/31 COA II 56, 86, Pl. IX; JEA 17 (1931): pt. LXVIII
-l 1930/31 COAII:44-6,86, Pls. VIII, XIY;JEA 17 (1931):234-6, pls. LXVIII.
LXIX, LXX:PnTA:120-2
,l 1930/31 COA II 56, 86, PI. lX; JEA 17 (1931): pt. LXVrrl
1930/31 COA It 56-7 , 86, Pl. IX JEA 17 (1931): pl. LXVrrl
J 1930/31 C OA I1: 44, 86, Pls. Y lil, XIY ;J EA 17 (193 I) : 23 4-6,pls.LXVIII,
LXIX,
LXX;PnTA:120-2
J 1930/31 CoA II: 56-7, 86, PI. IX; JEA 17 (1931): pl LXVrrr
3 1930/31 COA II s5, 86, Pl" IX JEA 17 (1931): pl. LXVrrr
J 1930/31 COA II s5, 86, PI. IX; JEA 17 (1931): pt. LXVrrr
J 1930/31 COAIT:5s,86, Pl.IX;JEA17 (1931): pt. LXUIr
J 1930/31 COA II 56-7, 86, PI. IX JEA It (1931) : pl. LXVrrr
J 1930/31 COA II: 55-6, 86, PI. IX; JEA 17 (j931): pl. LXVrrr
J 1930/31 COA II s3, 86, Pl. IX JEA 17 (1931): pt. LXVrrr
J 1930/31 COA II 53-4, 86-7 , PI. IX JEA 17 (931): pt. LXVrrr
J 1930/31 COA tl: 56-7 , 87 , PI. IX JEA 17 (1931): pt. LXVrrr
J 1930/31 COA II: s1-2, 87 , PI. tX JEA 17 (1931): pt. LXVTIT
J 1930/31 COAII:14-6,87, Pls. VIII, XIY;JEA 17 (1931):231-6, pls. LXVIII.
LXIX, LXX;PnTA:120-2
-) 1930/31 COA II: 59, 87, PI.IX; JEA 17 (1931): pl. LXVrrl
J 1930/31 C OA II 51-5, 87, PI. IX; JEA 17 (1931) : pt. LXVrrr
3 1930/31 COAII:52-3, Fig 6,87, Pl. IX;JEA17 (1931):243-4,Fig. 1, pt. LXVrrr
3 1930/31 COAII:51,87, PI.IX;JEA17 (1931): pt. LXVrrr
Building Sheet Year of Basic references and notes
no. no. excavation

T36 61 3 1930/31 COA II: 48, 87 , Pl. YIII; JEA 17 (1931): Pl. LXVIII
T36.62 3 1930/31 CaAI:57-8, 87-8, Pl. rX JEA 17 (1931): Pl. LXVIII
T36.63 3 1930/31 COAII:59-61,88, Pl. IX;JE 4 17 (1931):236, Pl. LXVITI;JEAI7 (1931):
236; ILN (27 Dec. 1930): 1171; Bell 1986; gold and silver hoard
T36.64 3 1930/31 COA II: 52-3, 88, Pl. rX; JEA 17 (1931): Pl. LXVIII
T36.65 J 1930/31. COA ll: 59, 88, Pl. IX; JEA 17 (1931): Pl. LXUII
T36.66 -) 1930/3r COA II: 51.-2, 88, PL. IX; JEA 17 (1931): Pl. LXUII
T36.67 J 1930/31 C OA II: 61-2, 88, Pl. IX; JEA 17 (1931) : PI. LXVIII
T36.68 3 1.930/31. COA ll: 61-2, 88, PL. IX; JEA 17 (1931): Pl. LXVIII
T36.69 -) 1930/31 C OA II 52-3, 88, PI. lX; JEA 17 (193 I) : Pl. LXVIII
T36.70 3 1.930/31. COAII: 61.-2,88,PL IX;JEA 17 (1931): Pl. LXVIII
'136.71 2
1.930/31 COA II 61-2, 88, PL IX; JEA 17 (1931): Pl. LXVIII
T36.72 J 7930/31 COA II: 51-2, 88, Pl. rX; JEA 17 (1931): Pl. LXVIII
T36.73 J 1930/31 COA rr: 59, 89, PL IX; JEA 17 (7931): Pl. LXVIII
T36.74 J 1930/31 COA II: 59, 61 , 89 , PL. IX JEA 17 (1931): Pl. LXVIII
T36.75a J 1.930/31. COA II: 61-2, 89, Pl. lX; JEA 17 (1931): Pl. LXVIII
T36.75b 3 B3A/31 COAII: 61-2,89,PL.lX;JEA 17 (1931): Pl. LXVIII
-136.76 3 1.930/31. COAII:58, 89, PI.IX;JEA 17 (1931): Pl. LXUII
T36.77 J 1.930/31 COA II: 51-2, 89, PL IX; JEA 17 (1931): Pl. LXUII
T36.78 3 1930/31 COAIr: 52-3,89,Pl.lX;JEA 17 (1931): Pl. LXVIII
T36.79 3 1930/31 COA Il: 58, 89, PI. Ix; JEA 17 (1937): Pl. LXVIII
T36.80 -) 1.930/31 COA II: 57-8, 89, PI. tX; JEA 17 (7931): Pl. LXVIII
T36.81 3 1930/31 COAII:58,89, PLIX;JEA17 (1931): Pl. LXVIII
T36.82 J 1930/37 COA II: 58, 89, PI. lX; JEA 17 (1931): Pl. LXVIII
T36.83 J 1930/31 COA II: 58, 90. Pl. IX; JEA 17 (1931): Pl. LXVIII
T36.84 3 1930/31 COAtt:56,90, P\.IX;JEA17 (1931): Pl. LXVIII
T36.85 J 1930/31 COA tI: 56-7 , 90, Pl. IX; JEA 17 (1931): Pl. LXVIII
T36.86 J 1930/31 COA II: 56-7 , 90, Pl. lX; JEA 17 (1931): Pl. LXVIII
T36.87 3 1930/31 COAII: 56-7,90,P1.LX;JEA 17 (1931): Pl. LXVIII
T37.1 3 1.928/29 COA rt 62-3, Fig. 7 , 90, Pl. IX; JEA 15 (1929): 1.49; JEA 17 (193I):
LXVIII
PI-
T39.1 4 1926 COAIII:25,Frg.5
T44.1 4 1892, CaAilI:7-10, PIs. VII, VIII, XXV.6, XXVI;
1926, 19 33 JEA 13 (1927) : 209-1 1,P1. XLIY ;JEA 20 (19 3 4) : 729-33,P\s. XIV-XVI,
XYI[.2;IrN (15 Sept. 1934): 386, Fig. 2; AAJ 50, 571 (Sept. 1934):
93-7. fi gs. on pp. 94, 95 ; Pn 714 I plan on p . 7 7,7 9-8I ; Great Aten Temple
Sanctuary
-t 41.1 III26-7, Fig.6,
4/5 1926 COA Pls. XI, XXX.1-5, XXXI; JEA 13 (1927):
211-13, Figs. 1, 2, Pls. XLIV, XLVII; lLN (9July 1927):16;
MP:51., Pl. XVIIIB; First Servitor of the Aten PANEHSy
T47.2 4/5 (Jnexcavated structure
u24.1 1. 1931/32, JEA 18 (1932):745,PL.XIII.6;JEA 69 (1983): 17-18,PI.IV .2; in square
198 r -r24
u24.2 1 1.931/32 JEA 18 (1932): 145; in square T24
u24.3 1. 1931/32 JEA 18 (1932): 145; tn square T24
u24.4 1 1930/31 JEA 17 (1931): 240; JEA 18 (1932): Pl. XV; cf.1J25.3
u24.5 1 1.930/31,1981JEA 69 (1983): 17-18
u25.1 1 1930/31 See T26.1
U25.2a 1. 1930/31 JEA 17 (1931):240;JEA 18 (1932): Pl. XV
u25.2b 1 1930/31 JEA 17 (1931): 24a; JEA 1,8 (1932): Pl. XV
U25.2c I 1930/31 JEA 17 (1931.): 240; JEA 18 (1932): Pl. XV; in square IJ24
u25.3 Renumbered asU24.4
u25.4 1 1930/31 JEA 17 (1931):240
 Building Sheet Year of Basic references and notes
no. no. excavation

1 1930/31 JEA 17 (1931):240

1 1930/31 JEA 17 (1931):240
1 1'930/31 JEA 17 (1931):240-1, pts. LXXVT, LXXVTI; ZN (5 Sept. 1931): 366
1 1.930/31 JEA 17 (1931):241
1 1930/31 JEA 17 (1931): 241; tn square T25
1 1.930/31 cf. JEA 1,8 (1932): 145; in square T25
1 1923, JEA 18 (1,932):145, pl. Xy; TADA: 22, Abb. 21,22;pnTA: 114_19,
1931/32 planp. IIS JEA10 (1924):294,pt.XXVrI.1; AAJ 49,558 (Aug. 1933):
99; in square T25; North Expedition Ffouse
- _-f - 1 1907, JEA18(1932):145,pl.XV; CAW:20,Abb.24;MDOC34(Sept.1907):
1931/32 19-20, /\bb. 12; ZB 191,6: 533_4. Abb. 30
-:5 t3 1 1931/32 JEA 18 (1,932): pl. XV
1. 1931/32 JEA 18 (1932): pt. XV
it_i _5 1 1931/32 JEA 18 (1932): pt. XV
u:,i.15 1 1931/32 JEA 18 (1932): pl. XV
- -,4- t 1 1936 Unfinished excavation; same as lJ25.2Oa-e
_ l_i lt,ra 1 1936,1981 JEA 69 (1983):20
Ul5,lrrb 1 1936,1981 JEA 69 (1983):20
- 15.2ttc 1 I936. 1981 JEA 69 (1983): 20
u:5.2r)d I 1e36,1981 JEA 69 (1983): 20
- l5 20e 1 1936,1981 JEA 69 (1983):20
r -:f 1
3 1931/32 COA II: 7i, 90, pt. XI
U-:,1. i 3 1931/32 COAII:71-2,90, pts. XI, XXV.I,2
- ,;,j.2 3 1931/32 COAII:72,90, pts. XI, XXIV.4
e _1_- J 3 1931/32 COAII: 72-3,Fig.8, 90, pt. XI
r -:i I
3 1931/32 COA II:72-4,90, pI. Xr
- _:-1 5 3 1931/32 COA II:72-1, gj, pl. XI
-:: A
3 1931./32 COA II 74, 9i , pt. Xr
---: -l
- 3 1931/32 COA II:74-5,91, H. XI
U_:,: I 3 1931/32 COA II 75,91, pls. XI, XXV.6
-_:-1./ 3 1931/32 COAII:74,91, pls. XI, XXV.3,4
L--i-:. r,r
3 1931 / 32 COA I1: 7 4-5 , 91 , H. Xr
3 1931/32 COA tI:75-6,91, pts. XI, XXIV.S. 6
- -:: ')
1931/32
3 COAII:75-6,91,pL.X1
- _'-i. _J 3 1931/32 COAII:75-6,91, pts. XI, XXV.5
;-r,i. -+ 3 1931/32 COA II: 76, 91 , H. XI
--l-1 i5 3 f931/32 COAII:76-7,79,91, pi. XI;cf T33.5
-,._i i 3 1928/29 COAIT:33, 91, pis. VI, XX.1, 2;JEA15 (1929):1.47 ,pts.XKI, XXVI.1
u-r_i.2 3 1928/29 COA It: 32,91, pl. yI;JEA 15 (1929): pt. XXII; in square V35
- ,1_i.3 3 1928/29 COA II: 34,91, H. Vr;JEA 15 (1929): pl. XXIr
. -::
3 1928/29 CaA II: 33,91, pl. yt;JEA 15 (1929): pl. XXII
: 1928/29
3 COAII: 33,91,pI.yr;JEA 15 (1929):pl. XXIr
u_i--; 5 3 1928/29 COA II: 32, 91, pt. yI; JEA 15 (1929): pl. XXII; in square V35
- _'-t . 3 1928/29 COA II: 33, 92, pI. VI; JEA 15 (1929): pl. XXII
u_:.-i ! 3 1928/29 COA II: 32, 92, pI. yr; JEA 15 (1929): pl. XXIr
_ _1-i g 3 1928/29 COA II: 32, 92, pt. yr; JEA 15 (1929): pl. XXIr
! -il I )
3 1928/29 COA II: 92,p\. yI;JEA 15 (1929): pl. XXIr
;-t_i - 1 3 1928/29 COA II: 32, 92, p\. yI; JEA Is (1929): pl. XXIr
- -:,: -
! , -, t- f 3 1928/29 COAII:32,92,p\.yL;JEA 15 (1929): pl. XXrI
-l.-; 13 3 1928/29 COA II: 33, 92, pt. yI; JEA 15 (1929): pt. XXrI
--,i5 i+ 3 1928/29 COAII:32,92,PL.V1;JEA 15 (1929): pl. XXIr
u-r5 15 3 1928/29 COAII:92,pl.yl;JEA Is (1929): pt. XXIr
- -:5. 16 3 1928/29 COA II: 36, 92, pt. yr; JEA 15 (1929): pl. XXrr
 Building Sheet Year of Basic references and notes
no. no. excavation

u35.17 1928/29 COA II 36, 92, PI. YI; JEA XXII

15 (1929): Pl.
u35.18 1928/29 COA II: 36, 92, P\. Yl; JEA XXII
1,5 (1929): Pl.
u35.19 1928/29 COA tI: 32,92, Pl. Yt; JEA 15 (1929): P1. XXII
u35.20 1928/29 COA tt 34,92, Pl. Yt; JEA 15 (1929): P1. XXII
u35.21. 1928/29 COA rr 32, 92, PI. Yl; JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII
u35.22 1928/29 COA II: 35, 92, PI. YI; JEA Is Q929): Pl. XXII
u35.23 \928/29 COAII:92,Pl.VI;JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII
u35.24 1928/29 COA Il: 36, 92, PI. YI JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII
u35.25 1928/29 COAII:35,92, Pls. VI, XXI.I;JEA15 (1929): Pl. XXII
u35.26 1928/29 COA tt: 34-5, 92, Pl. YI; JEA 15 Q929): Pl. XXII
u35.27 1928/29 CaAil:35,92,PL.Yl;JEA 15 (1929): PI. XXII
u35.28 1928/29 COA II 35 , 92, Pl. YI; JEA \s (1929): Pl. XXII
u35.29 1928/29 COA II: 35 , 93, PI. YI; JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII
u35.30 1928/29 COA II: 35, 93, Pl. Yr; JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII
u3s.31 t928/29 COA lr 3s, 93, PL Yr JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII
u36.1 1926/27 C OA II: 1 4, 93, Pl. ilI ; cf JEA 13 (1927 ) : 21 6,
. PI. XLIY JEA 1 s (1929) :
;

Pl. XXII; in square V37

u36.2 1926/27 COAtt:15, 93, Pl. IY; cf.JEA13 (1927):216,PI.XLIYjEAls (1929):
Pl. XXII
u36.3 1926/27 COA II 93, Pl. IV; cf. JEA 13 (1,927): 216, P\. XLIY JEA Is (1929):
Pl. XXII
I.
u36.4 1926/27 COA|I:15, 93, Pl. IY; cf.JEA13 (1,927):216,PI.XLIYjEAIS (1929):
l
Pl. XXII
u36.s 1926/27 C O A It: 1 5, 93, Pl. IY ; cf JEA 13 (1927 ) : 21 6, PI. XLIY J EA 1 5 (1929)
. ;
:

PI. XXII
u36.6 1926/27 C OA II I 6, 93, PI. rY ; cf J EA I 3 (1927 ) : 21 6, PI. XLIY J EA 15 (1929) :
. ;

Pl. XXII
u36.7 1926/27 C O A lI: 1 6, 93, Pl. \Y ; cf J EA 1 3 (1927 ) : 21 6, PI. XLIY J EA 5 (19 29) :
. ; 1'

P1. XXII
u36.8 1926/27 C OA It 1 6, 93, Pl. IY ; cf J EA 1 3 (1927
.
): 21 6, Pl. XLIY J EA I 5 (1929) :
;

PI. XXII
u36.9 1926/27 C OA II I 6, 9 3, PI. IY ; cf J E A
. 1 3 (1 927 ) : 21 6, PI. XLIY J E A 1 s (1 9 29) :
;

PI. XXII
u36.10 1926/27 COAII:93, Pl. IV; cf.JEA 13 (1927):216,Pl.XLIY;JEA 15 (1929):
PI. XXII
u36.11 1926/21 COA II 93, Pl. IV; cf. JEA 13 (1927): 216, PI. XLIY; JEA 15 (1929):
PI. XXII
u36.r2 1926/27 C OA II I 6, 93, PI. lY ; cf J EA . 1 3 (1927 ) : 21 6, PI. XLIY J EA 1 5 (1929)
; :

Pl. XXII
u36.13 1926/27 COA Lt 1 6, 93, Pl. IY ; cf J EA 1 3 (1,927) : 21 6, Pl.
. XLIY J EA 1 5 (1929) :
;

Pi. XXII
u36.14 1926/27 C OA II I 6, 93, Pl. IY ; cf J EA 1 3 (1927)
. : 21 6, PI. XLIY J EA 1 s (1929) :
;

PI.XXII
u36.15 1926/27 COAII: 16,20-1 ,93, Pl. IV; cf .JEA 13 (1927):216,PI.XLIY;JEA 1'5
(1929): Pl. XXII
u36.16 1926/27 COA ll: 1.6,27,93, PI. IV; cf. JEA 13 (1927): 216, Pl. XLIY; JEA 1'5

(1929): Pl. XXII

u36.1.7 1926/27 C O A lr : 21, 9 3, Pl. IY ; cf J E A 3
. 1. (1.9 27 ) : 21 6, Pl. XLIY J EA I 5 (1 9 29) :
;

XXII
P1.

U36.1.7a 1928/29 COAII:28,93,P1.Y;JEA15 (1929): Pl. XXII;in square V36

u36.18 1928/29 COArt: 17,93, Pl.IY;JEA 1's (1929): Pl. XXII
u36.19 1928/29 COA II 93; not marked on COA plans, see our note p. 28
u36.20 1928/29 COA II 17, 93, P\. rY ; JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII
 Ssjlrling Sheet Year of Basic references and notes
no. no. excavation

-36 21 3 1928/29 COA ll:

18, 93, PL IV; JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII
-35 22 3 1928/29 COAII:21,94,Pl.lY;JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII
u35 23 3 1928/29 COA II 94, Pl. Y; JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII; in square V36
u36 2+ J 1928/29 COA II: 27 , 94, Pl. Y; JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII; in square V36
U35,25a 3 1928/29 COA II: 18, 94, Pl. IY ; JEA 75 (7929): Pl. XXII
u36.25b 3 1928/29 COAII: 18,94,PL.lY;JEA 15 (1929): Pi. XXII
L36.26 3 1928/29 COAII: 17,94,PI.IY;JEA1,5 (1929): Pl. XXII
v36 27 3 1928/29 COA ll: 18, 94, pl. IV ; JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII
u36 28 J 1928/29 COA II: 19 , 94 , PI. IY; JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII
c35.29 3 1928/29 COA Ir 1.8, 94, PL. IY ; JEA 15 (7929): Pl. XXII
u36 30 3 1928/29 COA II 94, PI. IY ; JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII
u_r6 31 3 1928/29 COA II: 18, 94, Pl. IY ; JEA 75 (1929): Pl. XXII
u35.32 J 1928/29 COA lt: 18-19, 94, Pl. IY; JEA 75 (1929): Pl. XXII
--,15.33
J 1.928/29 COAII: 1.8,94,PL. rY;JEA 1,5 (1929): Pl. XXII
-353+ 3 7928/29 COA rr 22, 94, Pl. IY; JEA 15 (7929): Pl. XXII
u36 35 J 1928/29 COA II: 19, 94, pI. lY ; JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII
ui6 36 J 1928/29 COA II: 94, Pl. rY; JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII
:36 37 3 1928/29 COAII: 18,94,PL IY;JEA 15 (7929): Pl. XXII
u36 38 3 1928/29 COA tI: 19 , 94, PL. IY; JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII
u36 39 J 1928/29 COA ll: 22-3 , 94, PI. lY ; JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII
u36 +0 J 1.928/29 COA II: 94, PI. IY;JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII
u36 +1 3 1928/29 COA rr 19 , 94, PL. IV; JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII
v36 +2 3 1928/29 COA II: 23, 94, Pl. IY ; JEA (1929): Pl. XXII
ui6.+3 3 7928/29 COA II: 94, PI. IY; JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII
L -rb.++ -) 1928/29 COAII: 19,94,pl.lY;JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII
ui6.+5 3 1928/29 COA rr: 94 , Pl. Iv; JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII
u_r6 +6 3 1928/29 COA II 26, 94, Pl. rY ; JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII
-i4
T .17 3 1928/29 COA ll: 20, 95, Pl. IY JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII
;

u,16 +8 J 1928/29 COA II: 22, 95, PI. IY; JEA 15 (1929): Pi. XXII
- ,15 -19a J 1928/29 COAII:20,95,PL |Y;JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII
u_15-+9b 3 1928/29 COA rr: 20, 95, P\. IY; JEA t5 (1929): Pl. XXII
U-15 -19c J 1928/29 COA II 20, 95 , Pl. IY; JEA Is (1929): Pl. XXII
u_r5.50 J 1928/29 COA II: 95, PL IY; JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII
u,r6.51 -) 1928/29 COA rr 20, 95, PL. IY; JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII
u_r6 52 3 1928/29 COAII:25,9s,Pl.IY;JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII
u,l6 53 3 1928/29 COA II: 19 , 25 , 95 , PI. IY: JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII
ui6.5+ 3 1907 COAIL25,95,P1.IV;JEA15 (1929): Pl. )O(II; MDOC34 (1907): 21-5,
1.928/29 Abb. 1 3-1 6; CAW: 3 7, Abb. 3 1, 41-42, Abb. 40; ZB 79 76: 532, Abb. 26,
533,535-6, Abb. 34,36, 538, 539,540, Abb. 41, 542,543, Abb. 49,544
u3-.1 3 1926/27 COAII: 12-14,95, Pls. III, XVIIL4, 5, XIX.1, 2;JEA 13 (1927):216,
217, Pl. XLIY ; JEA 15 (1929): Pl. XXII
ui- 2 3 1926/27 C OA II 1 3, 95, Pl. UI; cf J EA 1 3 (1927) : 21 6, PI. XLLY
.
;JEA 15 (1929) :
PI. XXII
u-1- 3 J 1.926/27 COAII:13, 95, PI. ilI; cf .JEA13 (1927):216,Pl.XLLY;JEA15 (1929):
XXII; in square V37
Pl.
3 1926/27 COA ll: 1,5, 9s , Pl. IV; cf . JEA 13 (1927): 216, Pl. KLIV
3 1926/27 COAII:15,95, Pl. IV; cf.JEA13 (1927):216, Pl. XLIV
J 1926/27 COA II: 15, 95, Pl. IV; cf. JEA 13 (1927):216, Pl. XLIV
3 1926/27 COA rt 15, 95, PI. IY; cf. JEA 13 (1927): 216, PI. XLIV
-) 1926/27 COAII:15, 95, Pl. IV; cf.JEA 13 (1927):216,PI.XLLV
J 1926/27 COA rt: 15, 95, Pl. IV; cf. JEA 13 (1927):216, Pl. XIIV
3 1926/27 COA II 15, 95, PI. IV; cf. JEA 13 (1927): 216, Pl. xLlV
-) 1926/27 COA II: 7s , 95 , Pl. IV; cf . JEA 13 (1927): 216, Pl. XLIV
Building Sheet Year of Basic references and notes
no. no. excavation

ui;. 1 2 3 1926/27 COAII:15,9s, Pl. IV; cl JEA13 (1927):216, Pl XLIV

u37 13 3 1926/27 COAII:95, Pl. IV; cf.JEA13 (1927):216, Pl' XLIV
u37.1+ 3 1926/27 COAII: 16,95, Pl. IV; cf. JEA 1'3 (1927):216, Pl' XLIV
u37.15 .-) \926/27 COAII:95, Pl. IV; cf.JEA13 (1927):216, Pl' XLIV
u31.16 3 1926/27 COAIT:95, Pl. IV; cf.JEA13 (1927):216, Pl' XLIV
u37.\7 3 1926/27 COAIr:95, Pl. IV; cf.JEA 13 (1927):216, Pl' XLIV
u37 18 3 1926/27 COAII:96, Pl. IV; cf.JEA13 (1927):216, Pl' XLIV
u31.19 3 1926/27 COA II:96, Pi. IV; cf. JEA 13 (1927):216, Pl' Xr'rV
u37.20 3 1926/27 COAII:96, Pl. IV; cf.JEA13 (1927):216, Pl' XLIV
u37.21 3 1926/27 COAIT:96, Pl. IV; cf. JEA B (927):216, PI XLIV
u37 22 3 1926/27 COA Ir: 2r,96, Pl. IV; cf. JEA 13 (1'927):216, Pl' XLIV
v35.1 3 1928/29 COA II: 31, 96, PI. Yr JEA 15 (1929): Pl' XXII
v35.2 3 1928/29 COA II: 32,96, PI. YI JEA 15 (1929): Pl' XXII
v35.3 3 1928/29 COA II: 32, 96, PI. YI; JEA 15 (1929): Pi' XXII
v35.4 3 1928/29 COA II: 32, 96, Pl. YI; JEA 15 (1929): Pl' XXII
v3s.5 3 1928/29 COA Ir: 32, 96, Pl. VI; JEA 15 (1929): Pl XXII
v35.6 3 1928/29 COA II: 32-3,96, Pls. VI, XVIII.6; JEA t5 (1929): 147, note 1'
Pls. XXII, XXVI.2
v36.1. 1926/27 COA II: 11-12,96, Pl. III; cf . JEA 13 (1921): 21'6, Pl' XLIY; JEA 15
(1929): PI.XXII
v36.2 1926/27 COArI:96, Pl. III; cf.JEA13 (1927):216,PL'xLIY;JEA 15 (1929):
PI. XXII
v36.3 3 1928/29 COA II: 26, 96, Pl. Y; JEA 15 (1929): Pl' XXII
v36.4 3 1928/29 COA 1I: 26-7, 96, PI. Y ; JEA 15 (929): Pl' XXII
v36.s -) 1928/29 COA II: 27, 96, pt. Y ; JEA 1'5 (1'929): PI XXIT
v36.6 3 1928/29 COAII:28-30, Fig. 4,96,P|.V;JEA 15 (1929): Pl' XXII; '11P 56' n' I
v36.1 -) 1928/29 CC)AII:30, 96, Pls. V, XIII, XIX.4; JEA 15 (1929):1'19' Pls )C\ll'
XXVI.3, XXIX
v36.8 3 1928/29 COA II: 96, PI. Y; -'[EA 15 (1929): Pl' XXII
v36.9 3 1928/29 COAII:28,96,PL'Y;JEA 15 (1929): Pl' XXII
v36.10 3 1928/29 COA II: gO, Pl. Y ; JEA 15 (1929): Pl' XXII
v36.11 3 1928/29 COA II: 26, 96, Pl. Y ; JEA 15 (1929): Pl' XXII
v36.1.2 3 L928/29 COAII: 30,96, Pis. V, XIII;JE4 15 (1929): 149, Pls' XXII' XXIX
v36.13 3 1928/29 CaAil:30, 96, PIs. V, XIII;JE4 15 (1929):149, PIs XXII' XXIX
v37.1 3 1926/27 COAII:5-8,96, Pls. III, XVI, XVIII'1,2; cf'JEA 13 (1927): )16
Pl. XLIV; JEA 15 (1929):146, Pl. XXIV; lLN (9 Julv 1927': 1-:
MP: 35-8, Fig. 20, 19-51', Pls. XVII' XVIII'A, XIX, XXI
v37.2 1926/27 COAII:96, Pl. lll; cf' JEA L3 (]'927):216,Pi'XLIY;JEA 15 I L9l:r :

Pl. XXII
1926/27 C OA tI: 12, 97, Pl. rII; cf J EA 1 3 (1927) : 21 6, PI' xUY ; JEA 1 5 L' 1 9 l' :

v37.3 -

Pl.XKI
v37.4 1926/27 C OAII: 12, 91, Pl. ilr; cf J EA 13 (1927) : 21 6' PI' XLIV J E A 1 5 ( 9 29
- ;
1 :

PI.XXII
v37.5 -) 1926/27 COA lI: 12, 97 , Pls. III, XVIII.3; cf. JEA 13 (1927):216, Pl' XU\-
v37.6 3 1926/27 COA II: 9-1 1, Figs- 1-3, 97, Pl. ilrl; cf' JEA 13 (1927) : 21 6' Pl XLI\-:
JEA 15 (1929):Pl. XXII
v37.7 1926/27 C OA It: 8, 97, Pl. ilI; cf J EA L3 (1927) : 216, PI' XLIY J EA 1 5 (1 929
- ;
I :

Pl. XXII
1926/27 C OA II: 8, 97, Pl. ifil; cf JEA 13 (1'927) : 216, PI' XLIY JEA 1 5 (1 929) :
;
v37.8 .

Pl. XXII
OA rl: 8, 97, Pl. ifil; cf JEA 13 (1927) : 21 6' PI' XLIY ; JEA 1 5 (1 929)
:

v37.9 1926/21 C .

Pl. XXII
Building Sheet Year of Basic references and notes
no- no. excavation

Y37.10 3 1926/27 COAII:8,97 ,PI.ItrI; cf.JEA 1,3 (7927):276,Pl.XLIY;JEA 75 (1929):

P]. XXII
v37 .71 3 1.926/27 COAII:8, 97, Pl. ill; cf.JEA 73 (1,927):21.6,P1.XL1Y;JEA 15 (7929):
PI. XXII
v37.72 3 1926/27 COAII:8,97,PLI-II;cf.JEA13 (1.927):216,PL.XLIY;JEA15 (1,929):
Pl. XXII

Great Ramp
2 7925 JEA 72 (1'926): 9-10, Pr- v.2

North Administrative Building

7 1.925,798I JEA 12 (1'926): 10-12, Pts. VI-VIII;JE4 69 (1983):20

Notth Palace
2 1.923-27 JEA 1'0 (7924): 294-8, Pls. XXVIII-XXXIT; JEA 12 (1'926): 4-9'
pls.II-Y.L;JEA 13 (1927):209,218, Pls. LI.3, LIY; MP: Chap. III, Pls.
II-XII, XIV; P nTA : 9 8-9, Pl. VI I I. 1 ; Glanville 792 6 ; ILN (12 JuJy 1'9 24) :
66:Wilkinson 7983:24-6, Fig. 19, 1'32,1'33

North Riverside Palace

1, 1930 2. JEA 17 (1931):242-3, Pl' LXXVIII; JEA 18 (1932):743-5, Pls' XII,
1981 XIII.I, 3-5; AAJ 49, 558 (Aug. 1933): 100; /LN (5 Sept' 1'931): 367 '
Figs. 6, 9;PnTA:44-5;JEA 69 (1983): 18-20, Pl- IV'1
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