Biocides in Paper 2017: Prepared By: Biocide Information Limited Email

REPORT
BIOCIDES IN PAPER
2017
Prepared by: Biocide Information Limited

Email: info@biocide-information.com
More about us on www.biocide-information.com
GLOBAL SUMMARY – BIOCIDES IN PAPER
Market Size 2017: Active Ingredient

$200 million ($ 380 million formulated sales)
BIOCIDE SALES BY REGION:

Table 1: Biocide Sales by Region for Paper
REGION SALES ($M)
AMERICAS 82
ASIA PACIFIC 60
EUROPE 58
BIOCIDE SALES BY LEADING ACTIVE INGREDIENT:

Table 2: Biocide Sales by Type
BIOCIDES SALES ($M)
Bromines 15.9
Glutaraldehyde 20
Sodium Pyrithione 17
BIOCIDE SALES BY LEADING ACTIVE INGREDIENT SUPPLIER:

Table 3: Biocide Sales by Manufacturer
COMPANY SALES ($M)
Buckman 16
Dow 26
Lonza 20
Solenis 22
Outlook for the future:

• The market for Biocides in paper is expected to show an increase
of 2% in 2017. The main growth is in the use of Biocides to provide Paper with
Biologically Active Surfaces e.g. Paper used in Antimicrobial Wallboard.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION & METHODOLGY .................................................................................5

1.1 OBJECTIVES............................................................................................................................................................5
1.2 METHODOLOGY....................................................................................................................................................5
1.3 ACCURACY OF THE INFORMATION ...............................................................................................................5
1.4 DEFINITIONS...........................................................................................................................................................5
2 END USER ANALYSIS .....................................................................................................7

2.1 TARGET MARKET .................................................................................................................................................7
2.2 BIOCIDE APPLICATION – AUTOMATED DOSING ........................................................................................8
2.3 PROFILE OF LEADING BIOCIDES USED IN PAPER MAKING ...................................................................9
2.4 GLOBAL ENDUSER ANALYSIS.........................................................................................................................10

2.4.1 Major Suppliers of Paper Chemicals ....................................................................................................................11
2.4.2 Biocides used by Major Paper Service Companies ..............................................................................................12
2.4.3 Smaller Paper Service Companies........................................................................................................................12
2.4.4 Paper Producers ....................................................................................................................................................12
2.4.5 Paper Producers – Microbiological Control within the Paper making Process ....................................................14
2.4.6 Producers of Preserved Paper ...............................................................................................................................14
2.4.7 Purchasing of Biocides .........................................................................................................................................15
2.4.8 Technical information required ............................................................................................................................15
3 BIOCIDE COMPARISON ................................................................................................20
3.1 OXIDIZING BIOCIDES ........................................................................................................................................20
3.2 PRICING..................................................................................................................................................................22
3.3 ANTI-MICROBIAL COSTS IN SYSTEM ...........................................................................................................23
4 BIOCIDE CONSUMPTION ..............................................................................................25
4.1 GLOBAL AND REGIONAL ANALYSIS.............................................................................................................25
4.2 BIOCIDE CONSUMPTION AT END-USER LEVEL ........................................................................................30
5 BIOCIDE MANUFACTURERS ........................................................................................31
5.1 GLOBAL AND REGIONAL ANALYSIS.............................................................................................................31

5.1.1 Service Companies ...............................................................................................................................................38
6 DISTRIBUTION ...............................................................................................................42
6.1 OVERVIEW OF DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS ................................................................................................42
7 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS .............................................................................................43

8 REGULATORY ANALYSIS ............................................................................................45
8.1 EUROPEAN BIOCIDES PRODUCTS REGULATION (BPR)..........................................................................45
9 TRENDS ..........................................................................................................................46
10 FUTURE ......................................................................................................................49
10.1 BIOCIDE GROWTH..............................................................................................................................................50
BIOCIDES IN PAPER – 2017
1 INTRODUCTION & METHODOLGY

1.1 OBJECTIVES
The key objectives of this study were:
1. To provide marketing data on Biocides, major paper applications using Biocides,

suppliers and customers.
2. To identify and analyse the trends taking place within the Biocides industry.
3. To define the distribution channels in the industry.
1.2 METHODOLOGY
The report is based on over 30 interviews conducted throughout the globe. In each industry
analysis, BI contacted end-users, biocide manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and trade
associations by telephone and conducted unstructured interviews typical of the type used in
industrial market research. In addition to interviews, the report also summarises suppliers'
product literature, data from trade associations, BI databases and our monthly information
report.
1.3 ACCURACY OF THE INFORMATION

BI believes our estimates to be within 20% of the actual value. The accuracy of the
information is dependent on many factors such as the number of interviews conducted per
application, industry concentration and industry usage patterns. In order to increase our
accuracy, BI increases the number of end-user interviews where an industry is fragmented
and continues to interview until there is similarity in responses. Also all conclusions and data
per industry were confirmed with the key manufacturers of biocides.
1.4 DEFINITIONS
Biocide manufacturers are defined as companies who manufacture biocide active ingredients
in-house. For example Akzo Nobel, Albemarle, BASF, Buckman, BWA, DowDupont, ICL,
Lanxess, Lonza, Peroxychem, Solvay, Stepan and Thor.
Biocide Blenders / Formulators are defined as companies whose majority of sales comes
from purchasing biocides which they blend into their own products. For example EcolabNalco,
Intace, Kemira, Microban, Sanosil and Solenis etc.
CHAPTER 11 5 www.biocide-information.com
Distributors act as agents for both active manufacturers and biocide blenders. They are the
most popular choice of supplier for small end-users. Distributors sell a range of additives and
so will be making deliveries to end users and therefore biocides tend to be combined with
other products which allow the distributor to be competitive.
Prices are in U.S. dollars and are at active manufacturer level unless stated. The exchange
rates used are as in Table 4
Table 4: Currency Conversion Rates

$ Currency
1 0.94 EUR
1 6.94 CNY
1 116.95 JPY
1 0.81 GBP
Source: www.xe.com
Volumes are reported in tonnes based on a 100% active biocide basis. In the case of
formulated products, the data is reported with a typical percentage of the formulated product.
2 END USER ANALYSIS
2.1 TARGET MARKET

To control the growth of deleterious biological slime, biocides are fed into the papermaking
system at various points in the process. This accounts for 70% of biocides used in the paper
industry. The remainder includes biocides added to paper raw materials and pulp to provide
preservation. In addition biocides are incorporated into paper to provide biodeterioration
resistance to finished goods such as wallboard, wine labels and soap wrappings.
Paper mills are extremely conducive to micro-organism growth, offering an environment with
a range of temperatures, pH, a large quantity of water and nutrients as many of the additives
used in papermaking include starch, sizing, fillers and coatings which are excellent carbon
sources for bacteria and fungi.
Deposit control is an important part of the papermaking program. They can be classified as
biological (slime) or chemical (scale and pitch). Most slime and deposit problems are a
combination of the two deposit types. Formation of deposits on a paper machine will result in
corrosion, breaks, increased downtime, reduced yield, odours and increased production
costs.
Biocides used in paper applications are classified into oxidizing and non-oxidizing. Oxidizing
biocides are the leading category of Biocide used. They are primarily used during the paper
making process and contain sodium hypochlorite. They may also be bleaching agents rather
than biocidal activity. Oxidizing agents depend on halogen release for performance.
Ammonium Bromide, Chlorite and hypochlorite ions oxidize organic molecules, thereby non-
specifically destroying microbes.
Non-oxidizing biocides are mainly used in the preservation of additives used in the paper
making process such as starch. They are also used in what is termed the tail end process.
The biocides are added to pulp which is produced for resale to specialist paper producers.
The pulp is vulnerable to bacteria and fungal contamination and so a lot of non oxidizing
biocides are used at this stage. Non-oxidizing biocides depend on mechanisms other than
chemical oxidation to destroy microbes. Due to their speciality nature, they also command a
significantly higher price per kg.
2.2 BIOCIDE APPLICATION – AUTOMATED DOSING
Most of the Biocides used in the Paper industry are supplied via specialist equipment. The
following is a profile of the Biocide application equipment employed by the leading Biocide
supplier Solenis.
The most popular Biocide formulation supplied by Solenis is Spectrum XD3899 microbiocide
which is produced onsite using patented dosing equipment called OnGuard™ XD monitoring
and control system. The dosing equipment blends an ammonium bromide solution with
sodium hypochlorite and water.
The Spectrum XD3899 microbiocide, which can be described as a mild oxidizer, has proven
to be more effective than strong oxidizing biocides and organic biocides. Recorded benefits
include:
• Increased production
• Improved pulp/sheet quality
• Reduced corrosion
• Reduced downtime
• Improved worker safety
• Reduced costs
2.3 PROFILE OF LEADING BIOCIDES USED IN PAPER MAKING

Sodium hypochlorite (bleach), Ammonium Bromide and Ammonium Sulphate are the leading
Biocides used in Paper making. In our analysis of Biocides in Paper, we exclude Bleach as
we consider it a commodity chemical whose sole function is not biocidal.
AMMONIUM BROMIDE: The leading manufacturer of ammonium bromide is ICL who
developed and patented a formulation containing ammonium bromide and bleach under the
brand name of Fuzzicide. ICL license this formulation to water treatment service companies of
which the largest is Solenis within the Paper industry.
Solenis supply the ammonium bromide & bleach formulation under the tradename of
Spectrum XD3899. It is used by over 900 paperboard machines which represents
approximately 30 % of the total market. This formulation significantly reduces microbial
activity throughout the entire papermaking process, providing a truly clean machine. From the
machine stock system to the headbox and throughout the white water system, the Spectrum
XD3899 microbiocide effectively controls all types of microorganisms. Additionally, the
microbiocide is registered with the EPA and approved by the FDA and BfR. The major
benefits of Ammonium Bromide are that they safely control microorganisms in the
papermaking process without the adverse side effects common to other oxidizers.
AMMONIUM SULPHATE: The leading manufacturer of ammonium slphate is Buckman who

claim it is growing at the expense of ammonium bromide due to similar efficacy but lower
costs (up to 30 % cheaper). Buckman supply ammonium sulphate under the tradename of
Busperse 2454. They say it is used in more than 150 paperboard machines worldwide.
2.4 GLOBAL ENDUSER ANALYSIS

The global production of paper and board is estimated at 350 million tonnes as shown in the
following table:.
Table 5: World Paper & Board production in million tonnes

Region Production (Million Tonnes)
North America 100.0
Latin America 30.0
Oceania 5.0
Africa 5.0
Europe 100.0
Asia 110.0
WORLD 350
Asia is the largest geographical region followed by Europe and Asia. The raw materials used
in the production of paper and board include additives i.e. polymers emulsions and the core
raw material which is termed fibre furnish. The total fibre furnish used in paper and board
manufacture comprises recovered paper as well as wood pulp.
2.4.1 Major Suppliers of Paper Chemicals

The paper biocide market structure is two tiered. Active ingredients manufacturers sell
product to service companies that typically blend biocides into their own formulations. These
service companies then combine biocide sales with a service component for value added
sales to mill operators.
Solenis is the leading supplier of Paper Chemicals followed by EcolabNalco, Kemira and
Buckman with 67% of the $3 billion market as illustrated in the following table:.
Table 6: Leading Global Suppliers of Paper Chemicals
COMPANY % MARKET SHARE
Solenis 32%
EcolabNalco 13%
Kemira 12 %
Buckman 10%
BASF 7%
Other 26%
TOTAL $3 Bn
The major service companies rely on biocide manufacturers for registration support. Middle
and smaller service companies rely on regulatory and also on technical support from biocide
suppliers. Technical field service representatives play a key role in biocide selection for water
treatment within paper production. Field representatives evaluate systems, then recommend,
implement, and manage water treatment programs within paper production.
Recommendations are based on system engineering data, field analyses, and home–
laboratory support. Service company revenues depend on the quality of service that the field
representative provides to the paper manufacturer. One or more service representatives may
be assigned full – time to manage a single large account.
The major service companies have extensive training programs and provide field
representatives with considerable support from corporate laboratories. Independents that do
not have the in–house resources to provide adequate technical support to field staff are able
to rely on suppliers and a network of industry consultants.
The average price of biocides sold by service companies is more than twice the raw material
price. Typically service companies provide comprehensive process water quality control
support for their mill customers. Long-term service relationships are the norm with supplier
changes only occurring after the supplier fails to correct a significant problem. Since process
water quality is critical to paper product, mill operators are reluctant to switch service
companies.
2.4.2 Biocides used by Major Paper Service Companies

Most paper service companies supply a broad range of chemicals including biocides. They
purchase chemicals from a variety of suppliers and either blend, formulate, or modify them to
meet specific customer needs, or in the case of most smaller companies, simply repackage
the materials as they purchase formulated products for resale. The following table lists the
main Biocides supplied to the major paper companies.
Table 7: Biocides Used by major paper companies

Active Ingredient
Ammonium Bromide
Ammonium Sulphate
BCDMH
BNPD
Chlorine Dioxide
Chloroisocyanurates
CMIT / MIT
Dazomet
DBNPA
K–dimethyldithiocarbamate
Methylene bis ( thiocyanate )
Na–benzylchlorophenate
NaBr
NaCIO
Na–dithiocarbamate
Peracetic Acid
Quats
Sodium Hypochlorite
TBTO
TCMTB
WSCP
2.4.3 Smaller Paper Service Companies

Approximately 100 smaller, regional service companies comprise the remaining 26% of the
customer base. Small (less than $10 million annual sales) and mid–tier ($10 million to $20
million annual sales) service companies typically operate as supplemental registrants and re–
label and / or re–package formulated biocides. Some of the smaller, local service companies
simply re–sell product under the supplier’s label.
2.4.4 Paper Producers

In the Americas, there is an estimated 130 million tons of paper and paperboard produced.
The leading Paper producers are:
• Boise Cascade
• Georgia - Pacific
• International Paper
• MeadWestVaco
• Neenah Paper
• Smurfit Stone Container

• Weyerhaeuser
In Asia, the following are the leading producers of paper:
Oji Paper
Nippon Paper
Daishowa Paper
Rengo
Mitsubishi,
Lintec Paper
Moorim Paper Group

Kye Sung Paper
Daehan Pulp
Hankuk Paper
Sepoong Corporation
In Europe, the volume of paper and paperboard consumption amounted to almost 100 million
tonnes. The following are the leading producers:
DS Smith
Norske Skog
SCA
Stora Enso
UPM Kymmene
The use of Biocides by the above companies can be divided into two categories of which the
largest market for Biocides within the Paper industry is for microbiological control in the paper
producing process. Oxidizer programs are the typical choice of Biocides. The second
category is the preservation of paper.
2.4.5 Paper Producers – Microbiological Control within the Paper making Process
It is estimated that there are 3,000 paper machines worldwide producing 350 million tonnes of
Paper. Each one of those machines must use Biocides to reduce microbiological buildup
(slime) in the paper making process. Two paper producers, MeadWestvaco and Stora Enso
are using an oxidizer programme based on ammonium bromide / bleach formulation to
reduce microbiological buildup. The biocide technology is supplied by Solenis.
2.4.6 Producers of Preserved Paper

We identified Anti-Mould Treated Paper producers which supply paper packaging which are
ideal for products which might develop mould stain due to storage or temperature variation.
Success of such products demands that there is no mould stain at Point of Sale. We have
profiled two paper producers who offer antimould products.
One example is Cham Group, a Swiss based manufacturer of paper packaging. The company
supplies antimould wrapping under the tradename of Flexocar and antimould adhesive labels
under the tradename of Adicar as shown in the following table:
Flexocar AM Soap Wrapper Intace B-350 (41 %

Carbendazim) *
Flexocar AMB Soap Wapper Busan 1248
Flexocar AM OB2 Soap Wrapper Intace B-6773 (28.3 %

chlorothalonil, 12.1 %
diiodomethyl-p-tolysulfone) **
Flexocar AM OB 3 Soap Wrapper Intace B-9713 (zinc

pyrithione)
Adicar AM Self Adhesive Labels for Intace B-350

Champagne, Wine & Soft
Drinks
• *Cannot be sold in the EU due to the BPR
• ** Not being provided by Intace anymore
• *** Intaces most popular formulation
Cham Goup recently introduced Flexocar AM OB 3, a new generation of an anti-mould paper

for Soap Wrappers which uses Intace B-9713 (zinc pyrithione). The company says that Intace
B-9713 will be compliant with the new BPR regulations.
In India, Vimalachal Print & Packaging offer a range of antimould paper which are used in
wrapping and labeling. The range of Biocides used are Intace B-350, Intace B-6773, Busan
30WB (TCMTB) and Busan 1248C.
2.4.7 Purchasing of Biocides

Purchasing of biocides is generally made on a spot basis. However contracts frequently cover
higher volume purchases by the major service companies such as Buckman, EcolabNalco,
Kemira & Solenis etc.
Laboratory, R&D personnel of the main service companies are usually the first point of
contact when introducing a biocide to a potential customer. Those personnel tend to rely very
heavily on the individual biocide suppliers to provide technical advice, assistance with
problems and regulatory data. As a result, criteria for selection tend to concentrate on
technical as well as customer service factors. The following is a list of the main factors used
in the purchase decision making process:
• Effectiveness of the product
• Technical Service and Problem Resolution
• Commercial Terms (price)

• Supplier Relations & Reputation
• Regulatory Approvals
2.4.8 Technical information required

The following list of technical information is what service companies require before
purchasing biocides:
• Product features
• Directions for use
• Physical properties
• Solubility
• Compatibility
• Addition practises
• Corrosion data
• Efficacy and stability
• Microbiological properties
• Toxicology Summary
• Handling and storage information
• First aid procedures

• Spill neutralisation
• Analytical procedures
• Environmental Fate
• Pumping and metering information
Other Additives Used in Paper & Pulp

The following is a brief description of the other global paper additives market. Pulping
chemicals are high volume commodities such as caustic soda and soda ash. The total
consumption of pulping additives is approximately 14.5 million tonnes with a value in the
region of US $2.5 billion.
Deinking chemicals are performed at alkaline pHs. In the wash deinking process, a
dispersant or surfactant is used to separate the ink particles from the fibre. These are usually
alkyl phenol ethoxylates but polyphosphates are also used although to a lesser extent. In
flotation deinking, saponified fatty acids in the presence of calcium ions are the major
chemical components. In addition, deinking may involve the use of bleaches such as
hydrogen peroxide or sodium hypochlorite. The total consumption of deinking chemicals is
approximately 197,000 tonnes with a value in the region of US $33 million.
Demand for bleaching chemicals used in pulp and paper production is projected to
increase, particularly as tightening legislation regarding the release of noxious chemicals into
the environment has prompted the switch from conventional chlorine bleaching toward the
use of more expensive alternative bleaching agents. Chlorine dioxide, produced via sodium
chlorate, has been the primary replacement chemical for chlorine, due to its ability to
significantly reduce the amount of harmful compounds emitted into mill process water and
effluent. However within the last decade, chlorine dioxide itself has seen increased
competition, not only from other chlorine replacements e.g. hydrogen peroxide but also from
new technologies such as ozone. Nonetheless sodium chlorate accounts for the major share
of bleaching chemicals. The total consumption of bleaching chemicals is approximately 7.2
million tonnes with a value in the region of US $2.5 billion.
Dyes and Pigments that are blended into the stock before it goes onto the papermaking
machine, act as colouring agents. Dyes are chemical substances that can penetrate or fix
themselves to the cellulose fibres. Dyes used to be extracted from plants but modern dyes
are all made artificially, often from coal tar by products. Many are related to the complex
organic compound aniline and are known as aniline dyes. A wide range of dyes are available
and they can be mixed to produce numerous shades. Pigments are inorganic mineral
substances that colour the paper by filling the spaces between the fibres in the same way as
loading. Unlike dyes, they do not penetrate the fibres themselves. The total consumption of
dyes and pigments is approximately 100,000 tonnes with a value in the region of US $580
million.
Retention and drainage aids have shown the highest growth of all additives due to
increased speed of the machine, increased use of fillers in akaline systems, the increased
use of recycled paper and the growing tendency to use fillers in newsprint. Cationic, neutral
and anionic polymers are used either singularly or in combination but the trend has been to
the use of cationic polyelectrolytes. The polyacrylamides and polyethyleneimines are the
market leaders in this group but colloidal silica is becoming increasingly important. Cationic
starch is an important component of colloidal silica dispersions and it also contributes to dry
strength. The polyacrylamides are also able to behave as dry strength additives. This pattern
is part of an increasing trend towards multicomponent chemical addition. The total
consumption of retention and drainage aids is approximately 120,000 tonnes with a value in
the region of US $360 million.
Sizing Agents are a very important process. Sizing prevents any water based inks from
spreading out, or feathering, as they do on blotting paper which is not sized. Sizing also adds
to the surface strength and stiffness of the paper. These factors are critical for printing and
writing papers. In some packaging papers, size is also applied to help limit the amount of
water absorbed during the manufacturing process or in the product’s final use. Some grades
of paper are virtually waterproof. Sizing could be described as putting a transparent, moisture
resistant glaze on paper. The total consumption of sizing agents is approximately 500,000
tonnes with a value in the region of US $480 million.
Wet Strength Additives are of major importance in many paper and board product grades,
such as packaging papers, sacking, poster paper, and so on. The main products used are
urea formaldehyde (UF) and melamine formaldehyde (MF), which tend to be used in acid
systems, and polyamine-polyamide-epichlorohydrin resins which are more suited to neutral
and alkaline systems. Opportunities exist for the development of more environmentally
acceptable products. The UF and MF resins always contain traces of free formaldehyde, and
the organo-chlorine content of epichlorohydrin resins give rise to measurable absorbable
organic halogen (AOX) in products and water systems. The total consumption of wet strength
additives is approximately 570,000 tonnes with a value in the region of US $670 million.
Defoamers are used by most paper mills to prevent excessive foaming during the approach
flow system and during sheet formation. They may also be used in coating operations. They
are surface active agents such as polyethylene glycols, and esters or amides of fatty acids.
The total consumption of defoamers is approximately 322,000 tonnes with a value in the
region of US $440 million.
Extenders and Fillers are used to fill the spaces between the mesh of interlinked cellulose
fibres so that a solid, smooth and level surface is achieved, particularly important in printing
and writing papers. As well as changing the latticework of fibres into a compact sheet, fillers
improve the opacity (the non-transparent quality) of the paper by packing the gaps between
the fibres. Fillers are sometimes used as a substitute for fibres because they are cheaper
than fibre but too much filler makes the paper weak. The total consumption of extender and
fillers is approximately 16.2 million tonnes with a value in the region of US $4.1 billion.
Coating Chemicals are applied at the end to provide a completely smooth and flat surface. It
is critical that paper in printing or writing has a flat surface. This allows the printer to
reproduce text in sharp detail with little variation in colour. The coating can be a matt or gloss
finish. The most common coating applied to paper is made from fine china clay, often mixed
with some titanium doxide. The clay gives the paper smoothness and gloss and the titanium
dioxide improves the whiteness. The coating makes the paper feel thin as well as shiny.
Coated papers are used for high quality magazines and china clay can account for up to one
third of the weight of those magazines. Adhesive substances called binders are also part of
the surface coating mixture. These stick the coating to the exposed surface fibres of the
paper. Casein, latex and starch are natural binders. Synthetic binders are also used. The total
consumption of coating chemicals is approximately 9.8 million tonnes with a value in the
region of US $600 million.
3 BIOCIDE COMPARISON
3.1 OXIDIZING BIOCIDES
Oxidizing biocides comprise such commodity products as ammonium bromide, NaCIO, Ca
(CIO)2, peroxyacetic acid, and NaBr. Oxidizing biocides are popular due to their cost-
efficiency.
The leading oxidizing biocides used within the paper industry is supplied by Solenis. This is
produced by blending an ammonium bromide solution with sodium hypochlorite and mill fresh
water under specific reaction conditions. The resulting biocide can be described as a mild
oxidizer. The biocide must be produced onsite and immediately dosed to the paper system
because the biocide begins degrading upon production. The production process is completely
automated by dedicated blending and dosing equipment. The technology is owned by ICL but
licensed by Solenis and marketed as Spectrum ammonium bromide technology (Spectrum
XD3899 technology).
Other common programs are based on generating haloamines, such as monochloramine

(MCA). The haloamines are made on-site by mixing a precursor, such as ammonium sulfate,
with diluted sodium hypochlorite. This stabilization of active chlorine into the form of
haloamine extends the cell-permeable pH range and persistence of chlorine, improving the
biocidal performance in white water. Compared to strong oxidizers, like hypochlorous or
hypobromous acid, the haloamines will react less with paper making additives such as dyes,
retention aids, sizes, etc. This provides a significant economic benefit.
Monochloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (MCDMH) is also a popular oxidizing Biocide as it is
effective against primary-biofilm forming bacterial but is less effective against free-swimming
(planktonic) bacteria. MCDMH is applied where corrosion risks are significant and biofilm
control is of the utmost importance. Kemira has applied for a patent on the dual use of MCA
and MCDMH for corrosion safe microbe control on paper machines.
Kemira Kemi AB’s Fennocide 145 biocide has received an approval to be used for controlling
slime producing micro-organisms in process waters of the pulp and paper mills. Fennocide
145 is an effective disinfectant that contains sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide.
Sodium hypochlorite forms hypochlorous acid that quickly controls microbes, and any
remaining active chlorine is fully degraded in the high organic content of the mixed waste
water. In order to stabilize the hypochlorous acid, Fennocide 145 can be used together with
Kemira’s Fennosurf 300 that contains dimethylhydantoin.
NaCIO (sodium hypochlorite) is also a popular commodity oxidizing biocide used within the
global Paper industry. NaCIO like all other oxidizing biocides, is also used as a bleaching
agent. Ca (CIO)2 is also used within the global Paper industry for process contamination
control.
Table 8: Comparison of Oxidizing Biocides used in Paper

Biocide Company % Active $/kg
Ammonium Bromide Solenis 97 2
Ammonium Sulphate Buckman 97 1.5
Sodium Hypochlorite( NaCIO ) BASF 67 2
Sodium bromide (NaBr) Aquapharm 40 1
Albemarle 40 1
BWA 97 1.4
Peracetic acid Peroxychem, Solvay 5 1
Evonik
3.2 PRICING
The prices of biocides are governed by;
(1) Quantities purchased (2) Regulatory approval (3) Formulation of Biocides (4) Technical
and Laboratory Support (5) Geographical Region.
The following table compares prices observed in the field for the paper industry by each of the
main geographical regions.
Table 9: Comparison of Prices by Geographical Regions in $/kg (99% AI unless otherwise stated)
Chemistry Americas Asia Pacific Europe
Bronopol (BNPD) 5 (China) and
8 7
10 (in Japan)
Dithiocarbamates 2.8 (30% ai) 2.2 (30%) 1.30 (50%)
Quaternary Ammonium
3 (50% ai) 3 (50%)
Compounds
PolyQuats 1.8 (15%), APCA (60
%) at 3
5-chloro-2-methyl-4-
5 (14%)
isothiazolin-3-one & 2- 4 (14%)
8 (14% Japan)
methyl-4-isothiazolin
Methylene
13 10.5 12.5
bisthiocyanurate (MBT)
2,2 Dibromo-3-nitrilo
propionamide 20 4-5 4 (20%)
(DBNPA)
Glutaraldehyde 3 (50%) 6.5 (50%)
1-Bromo-3-chloro
dimethyl hydantoin 4.5
(BCDMH)
Peracetic acid 1 (5%)
TCMTB 12
THPS 3 4.75 (75%)
Triazines 2 (78%)
6(78% Japan)
WSCP 8 (60%)
Ammonium Bromide 1.6, 2.5
Sodium Bromide 2 (40%) 1.4
3.3 ANTI-MICROBIAL COSTS IN SYSTEM

Biocides used at the mill level are rarely used in 100% active form. They are usually
formulated into products containing combinations of biocides in order to widen the spectrum
of activity. The recommended concentration levels of biocides in paper process systems is
shown in the following table in parts per million.
Table 10: Comparison of Biocides used in Paper Mills

% AI in
Trade name Formulated
Chemistry formulation PPM
(Supplier) Price $/kg
(Form)
5-chloro-2-methyl-4- Kathon WT
1.6
isothiazolin-3-one & 2- (DOW) 1.5% 3-5
methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
Disodium Aquatreat DNM 1.5
30% 15
ethylenebisdithiocarbamate (AkzoNobel (Alco))
Dimethyldithiocarbamate AMA 209 1.0
4.5% 100
(DIBAM) (Kemira Vinings)
Methylene bisthiocyanurate Tolcide MC 99% 12
6
(MBT) (Solvay) (powder)
MBT Busan 110 10% 3
(Buckman) (solution)
2-(Thiocyanomethylthio) Busan 1030 30% 6
10
benzothiazole (Buckman) (liquid)
2,2 Dibromo-3-nitriloprop- Biobrom
20% 4
ionamide (DBNPA) (Dead Sea Bromine) 15
(liquid)
(Dow)
DMTT(Dazomet) Protectol TOE 99% 4
10
(BASF) (powder)
DMTT Busan 1058 20% 2
50
(Buckman) (liquid)
Glutaraldehyde Protectol GDA
(BASF) 3.5
50% 30
Piror 850
(Dow)
PolyQuats WSCP
60% 15 5
(Buckman)
APCA (Buckman) 60 % 15 3
Quats Bardac 2
50% 15
(Lonza)
1-Bromo-3-chloro dimethyl Bromocide Sold as 10%,
4
hydantoin (BCDMH) (BWA) 24% or 60% 10
tablet
BCDMH Dantobrom 4
98% tablet 10
(Lonza)
Peracetic acid Peroxychem, Evonik, 1.2
5% ai 200
Solvay
All the service companies purchase from a variety of suppliers and either blend, formulate, or
modify them to meet specific customer needs, or in the case of most smaller companies,
simply repackage the materials or purchase formulated products for resale.
CMIT/MIT is the most effective biocide used in the paper industry. The above application
rates in PPM (parts per million) may need to be increased if contamination occurs but a
balance must be maintained, as excessive biocide usage will result in higher residue levels
and potential environmental problems.
Most biocides used at the mill level are ready to use solutions. This promotes ease of
handling and addition. Paper machines are generally equipped with automated metering
devices to ensure safe and proper feeding of biocides.
Typically biocides are added to the wet end of the mill system where pulp slurry is introduced
for formation into paper. Biocides are introduced via slug, interval or continuous applications.
Interval applications is the most popular method of applying biocides and it normally means
biocides are added at specific periods throughout the day. Slug application involves adding
large amounts of biocides at one time and it is used to rapidly reduce the microorganism level
to low amounts. Continuous applications is putting a constant amount of biocides into a
system in order to suppress microbial growth. It is quite common for dispersants to be
combined with the biocides in order to disperse the biocide more efficiently in the paper
making process. This is widely used in Europe.
4 BIOCIDE CONSUMPTION
4.1 GLOBAL AND REGIONAL ANALYSIS

The consumption of Biocides in Paper is $ 200 million at active manufacture level. The
Americas is the leading region for biocides used in Paper with sales of $ 82 million. The
leading biocides consumed within the global paper and pulp industry are the Glutaraldehyde
with sales of $ 20 million as shown in the following table:.
Table 11: Biocide Sales by Type within Paper
AMERICAS ASIA PACIFIC EUROPE GLOBAL
BIOCIDE
($M) ($M) ($M) ($M)
Bromines 9 2.9 4 15.9
Bronopol 3 3.0 2 8.0
Carbendazim 2 2.0 1.2 5.2
CMIT/MIT 5.8 5.0 4.2 15.0
Dazomet 4.6 2.3 2.9 9.8
Dithiocarbamates 2.7 2.0 2.6 7.3
Formaldehyde Releasers 2.0 2.0 0 4.0
Glutaraldehyde 5.0 6.0 9.0 20.0
Halogenated Hydantoins 1.4 1.7 2.2 5.3
IPBC 2.0 0 0.4 2.4
MBT 4.2 3 2.6 9.8
Peracetic Acid 5 2 4.0 11
Quats 4.4 4.0 4.9 13.3
Silver 0 2.0 0 2.0
Sodium Pyrithione 8.0 6.0 3.0 17.0
TCMTB 3.9 6 3.0 12.9
Thiabendazole 2.0 0 0 2.0
THPS 0 2.0 0 2.0
Triclosan 0.8 0 0 0.8
Zinc Pyrithione 2.0 3.0 4.0 9.0
Other (includes BIT,
DMDM Hydantoin, 9.2 2.1 6 17.3
Tolysulfone)
TOTAL 82 60 58 200
The following is a summary of the main biocides used.
Bromines have sales of $ 15.9 of which the leading bromine is DBNPA which is considered
to be one of the most rapid non oxidising biocides. DBNPA is highly effective against algae,
bacteria and fungi and functions best in the pH range from 7 to 8.5. In pH ranges greater than
8.5, it rapidly decomposes to non toxic components. Dow is the leading manufacturer of
DBNPA followed by Chemicrea and Dead Sea Bromine who sell DBNPA under the
tradename of Biobrom. Dow manufactures DBNPA in the United States. DBNPA is followed
by Ammonium bromide which was developed by Dead Sea Bromine (ICL) and they patented
a formulation containing ammonium bromide and bleach under the brand name of Fuzzicide.
Dead Sea Bromine license this formulation to service companies of which the largest is
Solenis. Ammonium Bromide is followed by sodium bromide which is used in either liquid or
solid form and is typically added to water systems as part of a dual feed program, coupled
with sodium or calcium hypochlorite. The hypochlorite ion reacts with the bromine to product
hypobromous acid which is biologically active. Buckman, BWA and Dead Sea Bromine are
leading suppliers. Some regional suppliers also exist and include Aquapharm in India.
Bronopol
Bronopol has sales of $8 million and is extremely effective in combination with numerous
other biocides, for example certain isothiazolones, and quarternary ammonium salts. Using
these agents together with bronopol is more efficient than applying the components
individually. This gives the customer greater flexibility in choosing products, is less expensive,
and reduces application rates. The leading manufacturer of Bronopol is BASF followed by a
number of generic manufacturers.
CMIT/MIT
CMIT/MIT is the most popular biocide used with sales of $ 15 million. The biocide is available
as a 1.5% active solution and is often used in combinations with a wide range of other active
ingredients. CMIT/MIT is very effective as a slimicide in papermaking up to pH 7. CMIT/MIT is
manufactured by a large number of companies with Dow being the largest manufacturer.
Dazomet
Dazomet (3,5-dimethyl-tetrahydro-1,3,5-2H-thiadiazine-3-thione) has sales of $ 9.8 million
and is an effective slimicide in alkaline systems up to pH 8 as they decompose at higher pHs.
Dazomet is fast acting and is suitable for usage in systems where retention time is short.
Dazomet is also particularly popular as a biocide in paper additives such as starches and
slurries. Dazomet is manufactured by BASF, Buckman, Kemira (Vinings) and EcolabNalco.
Dithiocarbamates
Dithiocarbamates have sales of $7.3 million within the paper industry. They are most effective
in alkaline paper systems above pH 7 and the most frequently used Dithiocarbamates include
disodium ethylenebisdithiocarbamate (NABAM) and sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate
(DIBAM) which are mixed in equal proportions to give a 20% to 30% solution. Other
dithiocarbamates used are potassium n-methyl dithiocarbamate. Alco (Akzo Nobel), Buckman
and Kemira (Vinings) are the leading suppliers of Dithiocarbamates. Buckman and Kemira
have service organizations that channel product to the customer as part of a complete
program of chemicals and service. Dithiocarbamates are generally sold as ready - to - use
formulations except UCB who supplies technical grade products to service companies.
Formaldehyde Releasers (O-formals, Triazines)
Formaldehyde releasers have sales of $4 million to the paper industry and include o-formals
and Triazines. O-formals provide a broad spectrum of antibacterial and antifungal activity with
a relatively rapid speed of kill. They are manufactured by many companies. Another type of
formaldehyde releasers which are used are the Triazines. They are used in the paper industry
in Asia and South America as they are very effective and cheap. However their usage is low
in the more developed countries due to their classification and resulting labelling as skin
sensitizers. Some of the leading manufacturers are Japan based San-Ai-Oil and Chinese
based Yinhu Chemical.
Glutaraldehyde
Glutaraldehyde has sales of $20 million to the paper industry. It has broad spectrum of activity
and rapid speed of kill. Glutaraldehyde’s usage in paper mills is growing due to its rapid
action, its effectiveness in controlling slime-forming bacteria, sulfate reducers and algae. It is
also used over a broad pH range and is very popular in combination with other biocides. The
major suppliers of Glutaraldehyde for paper mills are BASF with its Protectol GDA and Piror
850 from Dow.
Halogenated Hydantoins
Halogenated Hydantoins has sales to the Paper industry of $5.3 million. Halogenated
Hydantoins are oxidizing biocide and includes BCDMH which releases hypobromous acid
(HOBr) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl). The leading manufacturers of halogenated hydantoins
are Albemarle, BWA Water Additives, Lonza and Dead Sea Bromine.
3-Iodo-2-propynylbutyl carbamate (IPBC) has sales of $2.4 million and is growing in usage
within the Paper industry. The product sells for $60 per kg (100 % ai) at active manufacture
level for unformulated product. IPBC can be supplied in a VOC free formulation and is very
effective against mould fungi. IPBC has experienced most success in labelling and antomuld
paper. The main manufacturers of IPBC are Dalian Bio-Chem, Lonza, Troy.
Methylene Bisthiocyanate (MBT)
MBT is a popular biocide used in the paper industry with sales of $9.8 million. It is a non
metallic organosulfur and is effective against slime control which is a problem in the
manufacture of paper and cartons. MBT is used extensively in systems up to pH 8 but
hydrolyses rapidly in more elevated systems, reducing its persistence and activity. MBT is
only partially soluble and may need to be formulated with dispersants in order to enhance its
activity. The leading manufacturers of MBT are Buckman Laboratories, Dead Sea Bromine
and Solvay (Rhodia). MBT is normally supplied as a 10% solution direct to paper mills and to
the service companies as technical grade MBT. It is also quite common for combinations of
MBT & TCMTB to be supplied. Buckman supply a 2.5% MBT & 2.5% TCMTB formulation
which is popular throughout the globe.
Peracetic Acid
Peracetic acid has sales of $11 million to the paper industry and is a growing biocide used in
the Paper industry. Peracetic acid is an oxidizing agent and is very effective with a broad
spectrum of activity; it covers Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, fungi and
spores. In addition, peracetic acid can also be used as a bleaching agent. A major advantage
of peracetic acid is that they are non foaming water soluble liquids which are fast acting and
break down to environmentally acceptable decomposition products. Solvay, Peroxychem,
Evonik, Mitsubishi Chemical and Nippon Peroxide are the leading manufacturers of peracetic
acid for the Paper industry.
Quats
Quaternary ammonium compounds (Quats) has sales of $13.3 million and are effective in
alkaline pH ranges. The activity of quats is reduced in systems containing organic matter and
the excessive use of quaternaries can lead to foaming. Quats are cationic surface - active
products that are generally most effective against algae and bacteria at alkaline pH’s. Water
management service companies such as EcolabNalco, Kemira and Solenis use quats
blended with other biocides for optimum performance characteristics.
Sodium Pyrithione is applied to paper which is used on wallboard with estimated sales of $
17 million. The biocide is applied to Wallboard via the incorporation into the paper used in the
Wallboard. One of the leading suppliers of gypsum panels, USG uses sodium pyrithione as a
mold inhibitor due to its efficacy. USG gypsum panels containing sodium pyrithione is used in
the Sheetrock® brand of Mold Tough™ gypsum panels.
TCMTB
Thiocyanomethylthio-benzothiazole (TCMTB) has sales of $12.9 million. It is used as a

fungicide in the manufacture of paper. It is quite common for service companies to blend
TCMTB with MBT. This synergistic mixture has been a real success and allows for greater
persistence in alkaline systems that would be achieved with MBT alone. The major
disadvantage of TCMTB is that it is slow to biodegrade. TCMTB is manufactured by
Buckman, Lanxess and Solvay (Rhodia) under the tradenames of Busan 1009, Preventol CR
and Tolcide C80.
THPS
Tetrakishydroxymethylphosphonium sulphate (THPS) has sales of $2.0 million. THPS is
effective against a broad spectrum of microbial contamination in both acid and alkaline
conditions. It remains active even at high temperatures and pressures while retaining
excellent mobility. THPS has a lower overall toxicity than most biocides in common use and
has been shown to be biodegradable. The product is manufactured by Solvay (Rhodia) and
sold under the tradename of Tolcide PS71A which is a low viscosity liquid biocide containing
70 % w/w of THPS.
Smaller specialist Biocides includes Methyl-N-benzimidazol-2-carbamate (Carbendazim)

which had sales of $ 2.2 million within the global Paper industry but now declining and being
replaced by more efficient technology such as azoles, IPBC, Sodium Pyrithione, Tolysulfone
and zinc pyrithione. Carbendazim is widely used in the Labels industry. Carbendazim is
manufactured by Dupont, BASF and many Asian suppliers.
Silver has estimated sales at $ 2 million at manufacture level. Silver is used in Paper where
hygiene is important such as Doctors notepaper and has seen most success in Japan. Silver
is normally supplied as a 1% - 3% a.i. formulation and added by a number of methods to give
0.1% in the final product. Silver is supplied with carriers such as glass, zeolite, zirconium
phosphate, titanium dioxide, ceramics and silica gel. The silver ion is gradually released from
the carriers and becomes an active biocide. The cost of silver formulations is $150 per kg for
medical applications. Ishizuka, Kanebo, Sinanen and Toagosei are the leading manufacturers
of silver.
Triclosan consumption in Paper is valued at $ 0.8 million. The leading manufacturer of
triclosan is BASF followed by Generic producers. Triclosan is used in Paper where hygiene
standards are critical. Triclosan is supplied as 96% active substance in powder form and in
formulations with varying active substance concentration. Triclosan (100% ai) is used at 0.2%
of the final product.
Other had sales of $ 17.3 million of which the most popular is ammonium sulphate. Other also
includes BIT, DMDM Hydantoins. DMDM Hydantoins are very similar in activity to Bronopol
and is extremely effective in combination with numerous other biocides, for example IPBC,
isothiazolones and quarternary ammonium salts. The leading manufacturer of DMDM
Hydantoins is Lonza.
4.2 BIOCIDE CONSUMPTION AT END-USER LEVEL

The global market for speciality biocides in Paper at the end user level is estimated at $ 436
million or 118% than the value of the sales at the active level.
Table 12: Consumption of Biocides within Paper at Manufacture and End User level
Sales at Distribution
Average % Sales at end-
manufacture route to end-
Mark-Up user level ($M)
level ($M) user in %
Active
200 10 60 32
Manufacturer
Biocide Formulator 10 60 32
Service Company * 70 140 336
Distributor * 10 80 36
TOTAL 200 100 422.92
* Mark-up for Distributor and Service Company includes mark-ups for Active Manufacturer
and Biocide Formulator.
Biocide Service Companies have the highest percentage of sales at end-user level with 70%
of formulated biocide sales to the Paper industry being supplied via specialist service
companies such as Solenis, EcolabNalco and Kemira.
Biocide manufacturers supply service companies with biocides, which are incorporated into
their biocide formulations. The service companies then supply paper and paperboard
manufacturers with their formulations. Service companies also provide comprehensive
technical service.
5 BIOCIDE MANUFACTURERS
5.1 GLOBAL AND REGIONAL ANALYSIS
DowDupont is the leading supplier with sales of $ 26 Million. DowDupont supply CMIT/MIT,
DBNPA and Glutaraldehyde as shown in the following table:.
Table 13: Biocide Sales by Manufacturer in $ Million - Global and Regional
ASIA
AMERICAS EUROPE GLOBAL
MANUFACTURER PACIFIC
SALES ($M) SALES ($M) SALES ($M)
SALES ($M)
Akzo Nobel 1.0 0 0 1.0
Albemarle 2.0 0 0 2.0
Amazon Papyrus 0 1.0 0 1.0
API Corp 0 2.0 0 2.0
Aquapharm 0 1.0 0 1.0
BASF 3 4.0 2 9
Buckman 9 4.0 3.0 16
Chemicrea 0 2.0 0 2.0
Dalian Biochem 0 1.0 0 1.0
Dead Sea Bromine 2.0 4.0 2.0 8.0
DowDupont 10 6.0 10.0 26
EastmanTaminco 0 0 2.0 2.0
EcolabNalco 2.0 3.0 5.0 10.0
Evonik 0 0 5.0 5.0
Kemira Vinings 4.0 0 5 9
KI Chemical 0 1.0 0 1.0
Koye 0 2 0 2.0
Lanxess 1.5 1.0 0.5 3.0
Lonza 11.0 4.0 5.0 20.0
Mitsui 0 1.0 0 1.0
NOF 0 1.0 0 1.0
Ouchi Shinko 0 3.0 0 3.0
Peroxychem 3 0 3.0 6.0
San-Ai-Oil 0 1.0 0 1.0
Sanshin 0 1.0 0 1.0
Solenis 10 8 4.0 22
Solvay 2.0 0 5.0 7.0
Stepan 0 0 1.0 1.0
Thomas Swan 0 0 0 0
Thor 1.0 2.0 1.0 4.0
Wuhan Organic Industry 0 1.0 0 1.0
Other 20.5 6.0 .3 29.5
TOTAL 82 60 58.0 200
The following is a brief profile of the leading biocide suppliers in $ million:
Albemarle has sales of $ 2.0 million to the paper industry. Albemarle manufactures bromides
which are sold under the tradename of StaBrom, StaBrom Plus, XtraBrom.
Akzo Nobel includes the former National Starch buiness of ICI (Alco), has biocide sales of $1
million to the Paper industry. The company’s main businesses are Rheology modifiers,
Dispersants & Metal chelants and biocides. Biocides form a very small percentage of overall
sales. The main biocides manufactured are a range of dithiocarbamate biocides with the most
popular product being DNM – 30. The range of formulations offered by Akzo Nobel are shown
in the following table:.
Table 14: Biocides Provided by Akzo Nobel

Tradename Active Ingredients
Arquad dimethylcocco benzylammonium chloride
DNM- 30 Disodium ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) 15 % (NABAN) and sodium
dimethyldithiocarbamate 15 % (DIBAM)
DNM-360 NABAM and DIBAM (18 % each)
DNM-9 NABAM and DIBAM (4.5 % each)
Querton Didecyl dimethylammonium chloride
SDM DIBAM (40 %)
KM Potassium dimethyldithiocarbamate (50%)
DNM-80 NABAM (50 %) and DIBAM (50 %)
Amazon Papyrus is a privately held manufacturer of biocides with headquarters in India. The
company had estimated active biocide sales of $1 million to the paper industry. The biocides
produced are TCMTB.
API Corp was formerly named as Yoshitomi Fine Chemicals which was merged with the
formulator APIC to form API Corporation in Japan. The company is the manufacturer of active
ingredient DCDO. The company has estimated active biocide sales of $2 million to the paper
industry. The biocides also produces Triazines.
Aquapharm is a privately held manufacturer of biocides with headquarters in India. The

company has estimated active biocide sales of $1 million to the paper industry. The biocides
produced are MBT and Sodium Bromide.
BASF is a major international chemical company with headquarters at Ludwigshafen, Germany.

BASF produces Bronopol, Glutaraldehyde and Dazomet for the paper industry and has
estimated sales of $9 million. BASF mainly sell biocides to end users via service companies
and distributors.
Buckman Laboratories is a privately held manufacturer of biocides with headquarters in
Memphis, USA. The company has estimated biocide sales of $16 million to the paper industry
at manufacture level. Buckman supplies a complete line of paper process chemicals and the
company is unique in that it is a biocide manufacturer and also a service company with the
result that it sells directly to paper mills. The biocides produced by Buckman include several
slime control products including Methylene Bisthiocyanate (MBT), (MECT in Japan)
Potassium Dimethyldithiocarbamate, 2-thiocyanimethylthiobenzothiazole (TCMTB), WSCP
and Sodium Bromide. All Buckman products are sold under the BUSAN tradename including
Methylene Bisthiocyanate (BUSAN 110), Potassium dimethyldithiocarbamate (BUSAN 85),
BUSAN 1009, a combination of 10% MBT and 10% TCMTB. Buckman also sell MECT which
is 2.5% MBT and 2.5% TCMTB which is popular in Japan. AMMONIUM SULPHATE is
supplied as Busperse 2454. It is their leading biocide for the paper industry and combines
smart chemistry and proprietary feeding and monitoring equipment. According to Buckman, it
is currently being used in more than 150 applications worldwide, Buckman's Busperse 2454 is
superior to conventional deposit control programs, No free chlorine,No strong oxidant.
Changzhou Koye Chemical (Koye) has estimated sales of $ 2 million and produce many
Biocides for water treatment within the Paper producing process. The biocides produced are
DBNPA (98 % Powder), BCDMH (97 % powder), Benzalkonium Chloride (80 %), Bronopol
(99 % in Powder), CMIT/MIT (14 % a.i.) and Sodium Dimethyl Dithiocarbamate (SDD/SDMC).
Chemicrea is a leading supplier of biocides to the Asian Paper industry with sales of $2
million. Chemicrea has production facilities in Japan and China. The target markets are:
Paper mill slimicide, Paper & pulp preservatives, Water treatment agents, Latex and emulsion
preservatives and Cosmetics preservatives. The main formulations supplied are listed in the
following table:.
Table 15: Biocides provided by Chemicrea

ZONEN-C
5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one / 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-
one(Mixing ratio 3:1, Content approx.14%)
ZONEN-FP
5-Chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one / 2-methly-4-isothiazolin-3-
one
(Mixing ratio 10:1, Content approx.12%)

ZONEN-MT 2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (Content approx. 50%)
ZONEN-O/100 2-Octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (Content 100%)
DBNPA 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide
BBAE 1,2-Bis(bromoacetoxy)ethane
B-1,4 or BBAB Bis(1,4-bromoacetoxy)-2-butene
BRONOPOL 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol
DBNE 2,2-Dibromo-2-nitroethanol
Chemicrea’s main biocide product to the paper industry is BNPD, CMIT/MIT, DBNE (2,2-
Dibromo-2-nitroethanol), DBNPA and BBAB (Bis(1,4-bromoacetoxy)-2-butene) which are
very cost effective biocides and their low application rate gives it an advantage over other
biocides.
Dalian Biochem is a privately held manufacturer of biocides with headquarters in China. The
company has estimated biocide sales of $1 million to the water treatment industry. The biocides
produced are CMIT/MIT.
Dead Sea Bromine has sales of Biocides of $ 8 million to the Paper industry. Dead Sea
Bromine developed the leading Biocides used in the paper industry under the name of
Fuzzicide which is a blend of ammonium bromide and bleach. The company is part of Israel
Chemicals with formulation and distribution facilities throughout the world. The range of
biocide products supplied by DSBG are given in the following table:.
Table 16: Biocides Provided by Dead Sea Bromine

Fuzzicide Ammonium Bromide
MBT Methylen bis thiocyanate
BioBrom 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide
BBAB 1,4-bis-bromoacetoxy-2-butene
DBNPA 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide
Dow is a large US multinational with a global biocide business. The company is a leading
manufacturer of cmit/mit, DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) and Glutaraldehyde for
the Paper industry with estimated sales of $26 million. Dow’s main biocide product to the
paper industry is CMIT/MIT which is sold under the tradename of Kathon WT. Kathon WT is
a very cost effective biocide and it’s low application rate gives it an advantage over other
biocides. Dow mainly supplies its biocide range via service companies and the company has
a good reputation for providing technical and market support to the paper industry.
EcolabNalco is the second largest supplier of biocides and services to the global Paper
industry with headquarters in the USA. EcolabNalco has estimated biocide sales of $ 10
million to the paper industry at active manufacture level and $ 50 million of formulated
biocides. The biocides produced are thiones. EcolabNalco produce, formulate and sell their
biocides along with purchased in biocides, directly to paper mills.
Evonik (formerly Degussa) is a manufacturer of biocides with headquarters in Germany.

The company has estimated active biocide sales of $5 million to the paper industry. The
biocides produced are peracetic acid and PHMB.
Kemira Vinings has sales of $ million to the paper industry. Biocides are part of the paper
chemicals business and are sold under the tradenames of Fennosan and Fennotox. Kemira’s
products are sold directly and through distributors. Kemira was not an active ingredient
manufacturer but a formulator of biocides until it acquired Vinings in the US. This acquisition
provided Kemira with manufacturing of two widely used biocides namely Dithiocarbamates
and Dazomet.
KI Chemical is a privately held manufacturer of biocides with headquarters in Japan. The

produced are BBAB, BNPD, DBNE, DBNPA.
Lanxess biocide business is located at Leverkusen, Germany with sales of $ 3 million to the
Paper industry. Lanxess product line centres around its Preventol, Vericide and Veriguard
tradenames which covers many actives such as Bronopol, CMIT/MIT, Dazomet, DBNPA,
Dodecylguanidine Hydrochloride (DGH), Glutaraldehyde, OPP and Quats. There has been a
movement to combining actives for synergistic affects and Lanxess offers combinations of
Bronopol & CMIT/MIT (Preventol P91), OPP and Dazomet (Veriguard OD) and Veriguard
Plus which is 30 % DGH and 10 % OPP.
Lonza has sales of $ 20 million to the paper industry. Lonza is the leading manufacturer of
quaternary ammonium compounds, DMDM Hydantoins, sodium and zinc pyrithione. The
company supplies zinc pyrithione which is widely used in Paper Wappers and sodium
pyrithione which is used in Paper for Wallboard. The company’s quats are supplied under the
Bardac tradename and are summarised in the following table:.
Table 17: Biocides Supplied by Lonza to the Paper Industry

Chemistry Active Ingredient Trade Name
Quats DIDMAC Bardac-22
DODMAC Bardac-LF
ABDM Barquat MB
Halogenated Hydantoin Halogenated Hydantoin Dantogard
Sodium Pyrithione Sodium Pyrithione Omadine
Zinc Pyrithione Zinc Pyrithione Omadine
Peroxychem is a leading manufacturer of peracetic acid with sales of $6 million to the global
Paper industry. The company manufactures peracetic acid which is widely used as a
bleaching agent in addition to its biocidal properties. Peroxychem (formerly FMC) is the
leading manufacturer of peracetic acid within the Americas.
Solenis is the leading supplier of biocides and services to the global Paper industry with
headquarters in the USA. Solenis operate 30 manufacturing facilities strategically located
near customers with two leading research and development facilities located in Wilmington,
Delaware, and Krefeld, Germany. Solenis have regional Customer Applications Laboratories
located in Wilmington, Delaware; Barendrecht, the Netherlands; Krefeld, Germany; Shanghai,
China; and Leme, Brazil. These facilities house extensive analytical capabilities,
comprehensive paper-testing and water analysis resources, and innovative process testing
instrumentation. Solenis has estimated biocide sales of $ 22 million to the paper industry at
active manufacture level and $ 80 million of formulated biocides. The biocides produced are
ammonium bromide and bleach. This formulation was developed by Dead Sea Bromine but
licensed by Solenis.
Solvay has sales of $7 million to the paper industry. Biocides are sold under the Proxitane
and Tolcide brand names with Methylene-bisthiocyanate (MBT) being its leading product.
Solvay is also the leading manufacturer of peracetic acid in Europe which is primarily used for
bleaching and controlling microbes during the processing of Paper. Solvay mainly supplies via
distributors, formulators and service companies. Other biocides supplied by Solvay for the
paper industry are 2-thiocyano-methylthiobenzothiazole (TCMTB) and Tetrakishydroxymethyl
phosphonium chloride sulphate (THPS).
San-Ai-Oil is a privately held manufacturer of biocides with headquarters in Japan. The

produced are Triazines.
Thor is the second largest manufacturer of isothiazolinones and has sales of $4 million to the
Global Paper industry. The company manufactures CMIT/MIT sold under the tradename of
Acticide which is primarily used for controlling microbes during the processing of Paper. Thor
supplies via service companies.
Wuhan Organic Industry is a privately held manufacturer of biocides with headquarters in

China. The company has estimated active biocide sales of $1 million to the paper industry.
The biocides produced are glutaraldehyde.
Other includes a range of Biocide manufacturers who tend to specialise in one geographical
region such as Sanshin who are a privately held manufacturer of biocides with headquarters
in Japan. The company has estimated active biocide sales of $1 million to the paper industry.
Another supplier is AH Sung Fine Chemical who are a leading manufacturer specialized in
industrial fungicides & biocides in Korea. Their main product lines comprise the inorganic Ag
biocide using silver ions, industrial antimicrobial, industrial antiseptic, and the concrete biocide
products which protect the sewer ducts from corrosion by microorganism. They supply PAN
200P (3-Iodopropargyl-N-butylcarbamate) which is sold as a fungicide to paper manufacturers

for coating onto paper facing sheets used in Wallboard. Another company is Danil who supply
Bronopol to the Asia Pacific Paper industry with estimated sales of $1 million. Danil supplies
Bronopol via service companies and the company has a reputation for competing on price.
5.1.1 Service Companies

Paper mills purchase biocides from a small group of service companies who provide thorough
and comprehensive process maintenance. Sales of specialty biocides to paper mills are
estimated at $ 380 million. Solenis is the leading supplier of formulated biocides followed by
EcolabNalco and Kemira as outlined in the following table which illustrates the main service
companies to the global Paper industry.
Table 18: Service Companies to the Paper Industry

Company Country of origin
Acquaflex Italian
Bim Kemi Nordic
Buckman USA
EcolabNalco USA
Finor India
GE USA
Giulini (Dead Sea Bromine) Germany
Intace France
Joud France
Katayama Chemical Japan
Kemira Finland
Kurita Japan
Oekophil Switzerland
Solenis USA
Woellner Germany
Acquaflex is an Italian company offering Biocides to the Paper and Water Treatment
industries. Acquaflex offers a broad range of products for microbiological control such as
Oxidising biocides, Stabilised oxidising biocides, Oxidising/non-oxidising biocides, Non-
oxidising biocide treatments for paper-mill water, Preservatives for fillers and raw materials,
Anti-mould agents for paper and cardboard, Anti-mould agents for pulp. The company can
provide complete biocide treatments conforming to BFR and FDA standards for the
manufacture of paper which can come into contact with food. Acquaflex recently introduced a
new paper-mill water biocide-line based on different biocide molecules present in high
concentrations and a novel, ecological, organic dispersant.
Solenis is the leading supplier of biocides to Paper mills with estimated sales of $120 million.
The company was formed in 1998 when Hercules acquired Betz Dearborn. The acquisition
resulted in Hercules becoming the leading service company specialising in paper process
maintenance. The company supplies slimicides, deposit control agents, felt cleaners and
other maintenance products. Hercules was subsequently acquired by Ashland.
The company’s microbiological Control Technology is sold under the trademark Spectrum®.
Solenis provides on-site management that creates a range of mill-wide solutions such as: (1)
Control of bacterial and fungal slime deposition (2) Control of anaerobic, SRB and VFA-
producing bacteria (3) Reduction of microbiologically related corrosion (4) Control of spores in
food-grade paper (5) Control of odours in paper or paperboard products (6) Prevention of
additive spoilage (7) Finished product preservation programs (e.g., mold-proofing) (8) Control
of microbiological contamination from recycled fiber use. Solenis provides both oxidising and
non oxidising biocides to achieve effective control of microbiological organisms.
Solenis sells directly to end users offering a significant service to paper mill operators via the
control of microbiological activity throughout the entire papermaking process. Solenis licenses
ammonium bromide from Dead Sea Bromine where it is combined with bleach onsite to
dramatically reduce microbiological counts without negatively impacting the papermaking
process. Solenis also supplies sodium bromide to generate hypobromous acid and BCDMH
(bromochlorodimethylhydantoin). Non oxidising biocides supplied to the paper industry
include CMIT/MIT, DBNPA, Dithiocarbamates and MBT.
Aurora Specialty Chemicals is a specialty chemical manufacturer providing chemicals to a

variety of industries, including the pulp and paper sector. ASC is a single source supplier of
specialty chemicals and is a primary polymer manufacturer. The company is an EPA
registered manufacturer of microbiocides encompassing preservation and sterilization
products for all types of industries. ASC has a full service lab and has expanded
internationally with Integral Chemical in Argentina, Soluciones Quimicas Globales (SQG) in
Mexico, Wadema in Venezuela and Paperkem in South Africa. The company has its own toll
manufacturing company in South Korea.
EcolabNalco is the second largest supplier of biocides to mills with estimated sales of $ 50
million. EcolabNalco offers round the clock cover and can provide custom made treatment
systems by blending a variety of biocides that will eradicate and prevent further growth of
bacteria and fungi.
The company places a lot of emphasis on providing a very high level of in-depth customer
service in order to prevent and solve customer problems. This customised technical service is
provided at the customers site by a highly trained sales force which is supported by market
focused applied research. The biocides offered by EcolabNalco are displayed in the following
table:.
Table 19: Biocides Supplied by EcolabNalco to the Paper Industry

Tradename Active Ingredient
NALCON 7620-WB 10 % MBT
NALCON 7647 1.5 % CMIT/MIT
NALCON 7649 20 % DBNPA
NALCON 248 24 % Dazomet (DMTT)
NALCON 7648 27 % ABDM
5 % DADM
ABDM - Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride
DADM - Dialkyl methyl benzyl ammonium chloride
Finor Piplaj Chemical was established in 1984 with the production of slimicides for the
Indian paper industry. The company operates across India and have personnel stationed in
close proximity of customer locations. Finor Slimicides compliment the deposit control
program and play a crucial role in mitigating biofilm formation. Finor biocides are proven to be
effective against algae, yeast, fungi and bacteria across a wide pH range of 3.5 - 11. Finor
also have fungicides to protect paper products against mold attack. Finor is also the
Acquaflex partner for India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam and Middle-South
Africa.
Intace is headquartered in France and is a leading producer of biocides against mould growth
on consumer packaging. Intace supplied biocides to protect packaging from mould growth.
Intace developed the fungicide B-350 (41% carbendazim) which was the industry standard in
mold resistant paper for soap wrappers and bottle labels. The formulation sells for $ 15 per
kg. This product can no longer be sold in Europe and was replace by B-6773 (28.3 %
chlorothalonil, 12.1 % diiodomethyl-p-tolysulfone) which is effective against all moulds
commonly found on paper and paperboard substrates. B-6773 has proven to be very effective
in preventing mould growth on soap packaging and mineral water bottle labels, and has been
approved by most of the major soap companies: Procter and Gamble, Unilever, Colgate-
Palmolive, Evian and other multinational companies.
Intace has now introduced third generation products such as B-9713 which is based on zinc
pyrithione. Cham Paper is a customer of Intace and will provided treated beverage labels.
The formulation sells for $ 30 per kg and is added as a coating (varnish solution) to labels
with a treatment cost of $ 60 per tonne of paper. Intace believe that 50 % of all wine labels
are treated with a fungicide.
Kemira is a broadly based chemical company which is located in Finland. The company had
paper chemical sales of $1300 million. Kemira is the third largest supplier of speciality
biocides to the paper industry with sales of $6 million at manufacture level and $ 40 million at
formulated product level. Kemira is well respected in the Paper industry as a provider of
process support to the paper industry and has expanded into North America via the
acquisition of Callaway Chemicals and Vinings. The company sells its biocides under the
Fennosan tradename as outlined in the following table:.
Table 20: Biocides Supplied by Kemira to the Paper Industry

FENNOSAN R20 V 20 % DBNPA
FENNOSAN IT21 2.1 % CMIT/MIT
FENNOSAN M9 9 % MBT
FENNOSAN B25 20 % DAZOMET
FENNOSAN GL10 50 % GLUTARALDEHYDE
6 DISTRIBUTION
6.1 OVERVIEW OF DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS
Figure 1 illustrates the distribution of biocides in Paper.
Figure 1: Distribution of Biocides in Paper
The distribution route in percentage reflects the sales of biocides to the Paper manufacturer.
Service companies are the most important route in the distribution chain with an estimated
70% of all biocide sales to Paper manufacturers going via this route. The leading service
companies are Buckman, Kemira, EcolabNalco and Solenis.
Distributors account for 10% of all biocide sales to Paper manufacturers. Biocide and
formulators supply 20% of all formulated biocides to end users.
Formulators account for 10 % of all biocides sales to Paper manufacturers and include Intace
and Microban.
7 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS

The value chain in Figure 2 illustrates the value added achieved for biocides used within
Paper.
VALUE ADDED ANALYSIS – BIOCIDES

Active Manufacturer
Value Added 40 %
Service Company Formulator

Value Added 80 % Value Added 20 %
Distributor
Value Added 10 %
END USER
Value Added is selling price less cost price as a %
Figure 2: Value Added Analysis for Biocides in Paper
The pulp and paper market is essentially three-tiered. Active ingredient manufacturers sell
biocides to specialist formulators and / or paper management service companies. These
companies formulate to produce proprietary biocide formulations. The formulators supply
proprietary biocide formulations to smaller paper management service companies and
distributors whereas the paper management service companies bundle biocide sales with a
service component for value added sales to mill operators.
Each stage of the distribution chain adds value to the Paper biocide. As can be seen in the
above chart, this can achieve 130% value added which is shared between manufacturers,
biocide formulators, paper management service companies and distributors. The percentage
value added is highest at the paper management service company level for biocides supplied
to the paper industry.
Biocide manufacturers can achieve up to 40% value added when they formulate technical
grade biocides and supply to paper management service companies or direct to distributors.
In the last few years, biocide manufacturers have started to offer their own formulations so as
to maximise earnings along the supply chain.
Formulators who purchase active ingredients from biocide manufacturers, can expect to
receive up to 20% value added when they supply formulated biocides to paper management
service companies or direct to distributors for resupply to paper producers.
Paper management service companies can receive up to 80% value added when they
purchase biocide active ingredients and supply proprietary biocide formulations to paper
manufacturers. In addition to supplying ready to use biocide formulations, the paper
management service company provide a wide range of support services and additives,
including comprehensive water quality control support for their mill customers. The quality of
technical service differentiates the market leaders. On-site technical representatives cultivate
customer loyalty through effective process management. Long-term service relationships are
the norm with supplier changes only occurring after they fail to correct a significant problem.
Since process water quality is critical to paper production, mill operators are reluctant to
switch service companies.
Distributors can expect to receive up to 10% value added when they supply biocides to paper
manufacturers.
8 REGULATORY ANALYSIS
The use of Biocides in Paper are regulated by governments in all the developed Countries of
the World. If the country does not have specific regulations covering the use of Biocide, they
will follow American, EU or Japanese regulations in terms of which Biocides they will allow
and also the usage rates allowed. The following are the authorities in the major consuming
regions of the World:
Australia – Biocides are classed as industrial chemicals in Australia and are regulated by the
National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme (NICNAS) to ensure they
are safe for the workers handling them, the environment and for use.
Brazil – Brazilian Preservative Approvals
Europe – The European Union regulates Biocides via the BPR.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA - Biocides used in Paper are regulated by the Environmental
Protection Agency.
8.1 EUROPEAN BIOCIDES PRODUCTS REGULATION (BPR)

In Europe, the regulations governing the use of Biocides are via the Biocides Products
Regulation (BPR) which is managed by ECHA. A Biocidal Products Committee, consisting of
representatives from each of the EU Member States will give its opinion on Biocidal products,
supported by technical and scientific support from ECHA. A Biocidal product cannot be
supplied on the EU market after 1st September 2015 unless the Biocide is included in the
Article 95 list of the approved Biocides. See the list on http://echa.europa.eu/information-on-
chemicals/active-substance-suppliers
Biocides used in Paper are examined in Product Type 12 of the BPR which governs the use
of biocides in products used for the prevention or control of slime growth on materials,
equipment and structures.
9 TRENDS
Overall trends in pulp and paper chemical market exhibit little volatility as demand closely
tracks the relatively stable paper and board industry. Some change has occurred due to
environmental changes and cost. For example bleaching chemicals has shown the greatest
change with a shift away from chlorine towards more environmentally attractive chemicals
e.g. bromine, hydrogen peroxide and oxygen.
1. There has been a switch to producing paper by the alkaline process. The use of calcium
carbonate fillers and alkaline sizings have increased system pH levels to between 7.2 and
8.5. This higher pH provides an ideal environment for microorganisms to grow. This is
likely to reduce the usage of chlorinated products and increase the usage of bromine
based biocides such as liquid bromine and sodium bromide, MBT and DBNPA.
2. There is an increase in the use of dispersants with biocides especially in Europe. This
results in improved penetration of biocides into the slime mass. Buckman have been
promoting an enzymatic biodispersant formulation which is used as a supplement to
biocides but may ultimately be used to substitute for biocides.
3. There is a trend towards closed up water systems. This is resulting in white water being
used in place of fresh water and means that up to 70% of waters furnished to the paper
machine are recycled. Closed systems have higher nutrient levels and raises the
temperature e.g. improves microbiological growth conditions. As the temperature of the
recycled water increased, there is a decrease in the oxygen level and hence a microbial
population shift from aerobic organisms to anaerobic organisms which may require
different formulations of biocides.
4. Excellent technical service is the key to success in the paper industry. The structure of
pulp and paper biocide market is strongly influenced by technical service. Typically the
structure has moved to a two-tiered system. Active ingredient manufacturers sell biocides
to service companies that blend proprietary biocide formulations. These service
companies then combine biocide sales with a service component for value-added sales to
mill operators.
5. The opportunities for organic growth for paper manufacturers are very limited with the
result that an increase in market share can only be achieved by acquisition.
6. The typical problems that are facing mills include the increasing stringent regulations for
the effluent load which is coming from the paper plant, particularly those for chlorinated
organic compounds. The major impact of this trend is resulting in the use of biocide blends
such as mixes of oxidising and non-oxidising biocides i.e. Na Bromide and CMIT mixes.
7. Ammonium bromide is the most successful formulation used in the paper industry but its
future is uncertain with the growing usage of ammonium sulphate.
8. There is a growing market for biocides as preservatives in paper which is vulnerable to

microbial attack. The largest sector is paper wipes (baby wipes) followed by soap
wrappers, wine wrappers etc. The leading biocides used for paper wipes are bronopol,
DMDM Hydantoin, CMIT/MIT, IPBC and parabens. For soap wrappers, carbendazim,
IPBC, TCMTB, thiabendazole, tolysulfone and zinc pyrithione are used. For wipes making
antimicrobial claim, the leading biocides used as germicides are quaternary ammonium
compounds. For medical paper, the leading biocide is silver.
9. All the suppliers of paper chemicals have made acquisitions especially in China and
expanded into the other emerging markets in the last few years. The paper market in
China is developing the most rapidly, growing at close to 10% per year.
10. There is a new delivery mechanism for biocides where paper coated with biocides is
being used to provide biologically active surfaces. This has been successfully used in the
Wallboard industry where the biocide treated paper provides antimould ability to the
Wallboard.
11. The properties of an ideal biocide for paper mills must have the following features:
• Good cost effect, $1 to $ 1.50 per tonne of paper treated is the expenditure that
paper companies expect to pay for microbial control.
• Prevent build up of microbial slime by killing slime forming organisms and
sulphate reducing bacteria, which are embedded within the slime.
• Stable at up to 500°C.
• Low affinity to fibre or not inactivated by fibre. This will allow it to remain
available in the water for a longer time period.
Stability at alkaline pH on account of the trend towards higher pH in the papermaking
process.
14. Alternatives to Biocides are growing and include physical methods such as maintaining
the temperature of the production process within a range which is not conducive to
microbial growth.
15. The following issues need to be addressed by biocide manufacturers:

• Lower environmental impact: no VOCs, no solvent, no halogen
• Lower toxicological effects: Daphia magna test for ‘EcoLabel’
• Low skin sensitisation: local lymph node assay
• Biodegradable below use concentrations: waste effluent treatment
• Ease of handling and safe to factory workers
• Regulatory approvals: EPA, EU, FDA, BGA

To meet the above criteria, biocide supplies must complete tests which are expensive and
this will restrict the number of companies which are willing to invest to develop new biocidal
products.
10 FUTURE
Sales of biocides to the paper industry are likely to reach $227 million by 2023 as shown in
the following table:.
Table 21: Projected Sales of Biocides in Paper from 2018 to 2023

YEARS CONSUMPTION ($M)
2018 204
2018 208
2020 213
2021 217
2022 222
2023 227
Biocides used in the Paper industry will grow to $ 227 million at manufacture level in 2023.
The following factors will affect future consumption of biocides used in the Paper industry.
• Movement to producing paper by the alkaline process and an increase in the use of
recycled paper / water in manufacturing, will fuel growth.
• Increasingly stringent regulations governing effluent loads will lead to the use of more
high value biocides.
• Supply of biocides at paper mills is increasingly being dominated by four companies
i.e. Buckman, Kemira, EcolabNalco and Solenis.
• Demand for biocides is linked to pulp and paper production which is linked to economic
activity. This will see a growth in biocides as economies come out of recession.
• There are a growing proportion of paper mills using service companies to manage
microbiological contamination. Service companies view biocides as a key weapon in
the control of microbes.
10.1 BIOCIDE GROWTH
The growth rate for biocides will depend on the following factors:
(1) Market Growth

(2) Efficacy
(3) Price
(4) Economic Circumstances

(5) Regulatory Status
(6) Adoption by major Suppliers
(7) External Approvals
The following are the growth rates predicted for the main biocides used in Paper. As China is
a major growth area, it will see growth for all biocides whereas the US is a mature market and
will only see growth for biocides substitution. The following table is a prediction overall.
Table 22: Global Forecast for Biocides Used in Paper

BIOCIDES GROWTH RATE BY VOLUME
Ammonium Bromide -1.0 %
Ammonium Sulphate 5.0 %
BBAB -3.4 %
BIT 0%
BNPD 3%
CMIT 2%
DBNE -5.4 %
DBNPA 5%
Dithiocarbamates -3.0%
Glutaraldehyde 2%
Halogenated Hydantion 3%
MBT -2.0 %
MECT 0%
Peracetic Acid 3%
Quats 3%
Sodium Bromide 3%
TCMTB -5.0%
THPS 2%
Triazines -1 %
WSCP 0%

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Prepared by: Biocide Information Limited

Market Size 2017: Active Ingredient

BIOCIDE SALES BY REGION:

BIOCIDE SALES BY LEADING ACTIVE INGREDIENT:

BIOCIDE SALES BY LEADING ACTIVE INGREDIENT SUPPLIER:

Outlook for the future:

1 INTRODUCTION & METHODOLGY .................................................................................5

1.3 ACCURACY OF THE INFORMATION ...............................................................................................................5

2 END USER ANALYSIS .....................................................................................................7

2.2 BIOCIDE APPLICATION – AUTOMATED DOSING ........................................................................................8

2.3 PROFILE OF LEADING BIOCIDES USED IN PAPER MAKING ...................................................................9

2.4 GLOBAL ENDUSER ANALYSIS.........................................................................................................................10

3 BIOCIDE COMPARISON ................................................................................................20

3.1 OXIDIZING BIOCIDES ........................................................................................................................................20

3.3 ANTI-MICROBIAL COSTS IN SYSTEM ...........................................................................................................23

4 BIOCIDE CONSUMPTION ..............................................................................................25

4.1 GLOBAL AND REGIONAL ANALYSIS.............................................................................................................25

4.2 BIOCIDE CONSUMPTION AT END-USER LEVEL ........................................................................................30

5 BIOCIDE MANUFACTURERS ........................................................................................31

5.1 GLOBAL AND REGIONAL ANALYSIS.............................................................................................................31

6.1 OVERVIEW OF DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS ................................................................................................42

7 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS .............................................................................................43

8.1 EUROPEAN BIOCIDES PRODUCTS REGULATION (BPR)..........................................................................45

1 INTRODUCTION & METHODOLGY

The key objectives of this study were:

1. To provide marketing data on Biocides, major paper applications using Biocides,

3. To define the distribution channels in the industry.

1.3 ACCURACY OF THE INFORMATION

Table 4: Currency Conversion Rates

2 END USER ANALYSIS

2.1 TARGET MARKET

2.2 BIOCIDE APPLICATION – AUTOMATED DOSING

• Improved pulp/sheet quality

• Improved worker safety

2.3 PROFILE OF LEADING BIOCIDES USED IN PAPER MAKING

AMMONIUM SULPHATE: The leading manufacturer of ammonium slphate is Buckman who

2.4 GLOBAL ENDUSER ANALYSIS

Table 5: World Paper & Board production in million tonnes

2.4.1 Major Suppliers of Paper Chemicals

2.4.2 Biocides used by Major Paper Service Companies

Table 7: Biocides Used by major paper companies

2.4.3 Smaller Paper Service Companies

2.4.4 Paper Producers

• Smurfit Stone Container

In Asia, the following are the leading producers of paper:

Moorim Paper Group

2.4.6 Producers of Preserved Paper

Flexocar AM Soap Wrapper Intace B-350 (41 %

Flexocar AMB Soap Wapper Busan 1248

Flexocar AM OB2 Soap Wrapper Intace B-6773 (28.3 %

Flexocar AM OB 3 Soap Wrapper Intace B-9713 (zinc

Adicar AM Self Adhesive Labels for Intace B-350

• *Cannot be sold in the EU due to the BPR

• ** Not being provided by Intace anymore

• *** Intaces most popular formulation

Cham Goup recently introduced Flexocar AM OB 3, a new generation of an anti-mould paper

2.4.7 Purchasing of Biocides

• Technical Service and Problem Resolution

• Commercial Terms (price)

2.4.8 Technical information required

• Directions for use

• Efficacy and stability