Medial Wall of Nasal Cavity (Nasal Septum)

See also Plate 15

Frontal crest Falx cerebri

Frontal sinus Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
Dura mater
Sphenoidal sinus
Sella turcica
Nasal septum

Choanae

Lateral process of nasal septal cartilage

Pharyngeal
Major tonsil
alar cartilage
Torus tubarius

Nasal vestibule
Anterior nasal spine Soft palate
Incisive canal

Oral cavity

Tongue

Genioglossus

Frontal bone
Squamous part
Frontal sinus Ethmoid bone
Nasal spine
Crista galli
Cribriform plate Sphenoid bone
Nasal bone
Perpendicular plate Crest
Vomer Body
Sphenoidal sinus
Groove for Medial,
nasopalatine Lateral plates of
nerve and vessels pterygoid process
Septal cartilage
Basilar part of
Major alar occipital bone
cartilage (medial crus)
Pharyngeal
tubercle
Maxillary bone Palatine bone

Anterior nasal spine Perpendicular plate

Nasal crest
Nasal crest Posterior nasal spine
Horizontal plate
Incisive canal Lesser palatine foramen
Palatine process Greater palatine foramen

Plate 45 Nasal Region

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 Nerves of Nasal Cavity 2
See also Plates 63, 73, 130

Distribution of olfactory
mucosa (shaded blue)
Nasal
septum
Lateral wall
of nasal cavity

External nasal branch of anterior ethmoidal nerve (CN V1)

Lateral internal nasal branch of anterior ethmoidal nerve (CN V1)
Olfactory bulb
Cribriform plate
Olfactory tract
Posterior superior lateral nasal branches
from pterygopalatine ganglion
Maxillary nerve (CN V2) (sphenopalatine
foramen dissected away)
Pterygopalatine ganglion
Greater petrosal nerve
Deep petrosal nerve
Nerve (vidian) of pterygoid canal
Pharyngeal branch of pterygopalatine ganglion
Nasopalatine nerve (CN V2) passing to nasal septum (cut)
Posterior inferior lateral nasal branch
from greater palatine nerve (CN V2)
Lateral
wall of
nasal Olfactory bulb
cavity Cribriform plate
Olfactory tract

Olfactory nerves (CN I)

Greater
Palatine nerves (CN V2)
Lesser

Medial internal nasal branch

of anterior ethmoidal nerve (CN V1)

Olfactory nerves (CN I)

Nasopalatine nerve (CN V2)
Incisive canal

Nasal septum

Nasal Region Plate 46

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 Arteries of Nasal Cavity: Bony Nasal Septum Turned Up
See also Plates 57, 63

Nasal septal branch of superior labial branch

(from facial artery)

Nasal septum (turned up)

Anastomosis between posterior
septal branch of sphenopalatine
artery and greater palatine artery
in incisive canal
Schematic hinge

Septal and lateral nasal

branches of posterior
ethmoidal artery
Anterior septal branch,
Anterior lateral nasal branch,
External nasal branch Posterior septal
of anterior branch of
ethmoidal sphenopalatine
artery artery

Sphenopalatine
artery

Sphenopalatine
foramen
Alar branches of
lateral nasal
branch
(of facial artery)

Posterior
lateral nasal
branches of
sphenopalatine
artery
Maxillary
artery
Inferior
Anastomosis between alveolar artery
posterior septal branch of External carotid
sphenopalatine artery artery
and greater palatine
artery in incisive canal
Lesser palatine foramen and artery
Greater palatine artery
Greater palatine foramen and artery

Lateral wall of nasal cavity

Plate 47 Nasal Region

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 Nerves of Nasal Cavity: Bony Nasal Septum Turned Up 2
See also Plate 62

Olfactory nerves (CN I)

Nasal septum (turned up)

Incisive canal
Schematic hinge

Medial internal nasal, Nasopalatine nerve (CN V2)

Lateral internal nasal,
External nasal
branches of
anterior
ethmoidal
nerve (CN V1)

Sphenopalatine foramen
(dissected away)

Internal nasal Pterygopalatine

branches of ganglion
infraorbital
nerve (CN V2) Nerve (vidian)
of pterygoid canal

Posterior superior lateral

nasal branch of maxillary
nerve (CN V2)

Nasal branch of Greater and lesser

anterior superior palatine nerves (CN V2)
alveolar branch of
maxillary nerve (CN V2) Posterior inferior lateral nasal
branch of greater palatine
nerve (CN V2)
Lesser palatine nerves (CN V2)

Communication between
greater palatine and nasopalatine Greater palatine nerve (CN V2)
nerves at incisive canal

Lateral wall of nasal cavity

Nasal Region Plate 48

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 Nose and Maxillary Sinus: Transverse Section

Major alar
cartilage
Nasal vestibule
Vomer
Nasal septal cartilage Inferior nasal concha
Facial artery
Facial vein
Maxillary bone
Maxillary sinus
Sphenoid bone
Masseter muscle
Coronoid
process of Medial pterygoid
mandible muscle

Lateral Lateral pterygoid

pterygoid plate
muscle
Levator veli
Cartilage of palatini muscle
auditory tube
(eustachian) Pharyngeal recess

Neck of Longus capitis

mandible muscle

Parotid
gland Rectus capitis
anterior
muscle
Retroman-
dibular
vein Superficial
temporal
artery
Glosso-
pharyngeal
nerve Sympathetic
(CN IX) trunk

Styloid
process Styloglossus
muscle
Stylohyoid
muscle

Auricular
cartilage
Medulla oblongata
Internal carotid
Mastoid cells artery

Internal Vagus nerve (CN X)

jugular vein
Facial nerve (CN VII)
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Accessory
nerve (CN XI)

Plate 49 Nasal Region

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 Paranasal Sinuses: Coronal and Transverse Sections 2
Coronal section

Falx cerebri
Olfactory bulbs
Brain
Frontal sinus

Nasal septum

Middle nasal Ethmoidal cells

concha
Lacrimal gland
Middle nasal
meatus
Opening of
maxillary sinus
Maxillary sinus
Infraorbital
Inferior nasal Recesses of
concha Zygomatic maxillary
Alveolar and sinus
Inferior nasal membrane
meatus
Alveolar process of maxillary bone
Palatine process of Buccinator muscle
maxillary bone
Body of tongue
Oral cavity Sublingual gland
Mandible (body)
Genioglossus muscle
Anterior belly of digastric muscle
Mylohyoid muscle

Geniohyoid muscle
Nasal bone
Nasal septum
Lacrimal bone
Ethmoidal cells
Transverse section Eyeball
Medial wall of orbit

Zygomatic Medial rectus

bone muscle
Lateral
Retrobulbar fat
rectus
muscle
Sphenoidal sinuses
Optic nerve
Optic chiasm (CN II)
Temporal lobe Temporalis
muscle
Infundibular recess of
3rd ventricle
Optic tract
Mammillary bodies

Cerebral peduncle

Cerebral aqueduct Interpeduncular fossa

Vermis

Nasal Region Plate 50

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 Paranasal Sinuses: Parasagittal Views
See also Plate 43

Ethmoidal cells
(sinuses)

Frontal sinus
Opening of
sphenoidal sinus
Opening of frontonasal duct

Sphenoidal sinus

Semilunar hiatus

Uncinate process Middle nasal

concha (cut away)

Opening of
maxillary sinus

Inferior nasal
concha

Frontal sinus

Opening into middle nasal meatus

Orbit Pterygopalatine fossa

Maxillary sinus

Roots of teeth

Plate 51 Nasal Region

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 Paranasal Sinuses: Changes with Age 2

Bones of nasal cavity Sinus represents one or more anterior ethmoidal cells
and paranasal sinuses opening into semilunar hiatus of middle nasal meatus
at birth

Sinus represents one or more middle ethmoidal cells

opening into middle nasal meatus

Part of nasolacrimal duct Sinuses represent two or more posterior ethmoidal cells
that formed in depths of opening into superior nasal meatus
nasooptic furrow
Sphenoidal sinus within bony shell (sphenoidal concha)
located anterior and lateral to body of sphenoid bone
Nasal bone (broken line indicates sinus lateral to sphenoid body)
Body of sphenoid bone
Lacrimal bone
Hypophyseal fossa

Vestigial remnant
of Rathke’s pouch

Medial plate of
Part of nasolacrimal pterygoid process
duct within nasal
cavity with slit-like Lower border of highest nasal concha
opening in inferior
nasal meatus Lower border of superior nasal concha

Palatine Superior nasal meatus

Maxillary bone
bone
Middle nasal concha (cut edge) (inferior
Uncinate process of ethmoid bone nasal concha completely removed)
Pterygoid hamulus

Semilunar hiatus Maxillary sinus with opening into semilunar hiatus (striped
area represents membrane forming most of medial wall of sinus)

Growth of frontal and maxillary

sinuses throughout life

Frontal sinus
within frontal bone
Birth Left orbit
Middle nasal concha
1 year

4 years Nasal septum

Maxillary sinus
7 years within maxillary
Nasal cavity
bone
12 years

Adult Inferior nasal concha

Molar tooth
Old age
Palate

Nasal Region Plate 52

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 Salivary Glands
See also Plates 54, 144, 145

Superficial temporal artery and vein

and auriculotemporal nerve
Temporalis tendon
Branches of facial nerve (CN VII)
Transverse facial artery

Accessory parotid gland

Parotid duct

Buccinator muscle (cut)

Masseter muscle

Lingual nerve

Submandibular ganglion

Tongue

Frenulum of tongue
Sublingual fold with openings
of sublingual ducts (of Rivinus)
Parotid gland
Sublingual caruncle with opening Retromandibular
of submandibular duct vein (anterior and
posterior divisions)
Sublingual gland
Digastric muscle
Submandibular duct (posterior belly)
Stylohyoid muscle
Sublingual artery and vein External jugular vein
Mylohyoid muscle (cut) Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Common facial vein
Digastric muscle (anterior belly)
Submandibular gland Hyoid bone
(deep and superficial lobes)
Internal jugular vein
Facial artery and vein
External carotid artery

Plate 53 Nasal Region

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 Facial Nerve Branches and Parotid Gland 2
See also Plates 53, 134

Temporal
branches

Parotid
gland
Zygomatic
branches

Posterior
auricular
nerve

Facial nerve
emerging from Parotid
stylomastoid duct (of
foramen Stensen)

Buccal
branches

Digastric and
stylohyoid Marginal
branches mandibular
branch

Cervical branch

Temporofacial division Temporal branch

Posterior auricular nerve

Zygomatic branches
Facial nerve proper

Digastric and stylohyoid Buccal branches

branches

Cervicofacial division
Marginal mandibular branch

Cervical branch

Nasal Region Plate 54

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 Muscles Involved in Mastication
For facial muscles see Plate 31

Temporalis muscle

Temporal fascia
Superficial layer
Deep layer
Levator labii
superioris
alaeque nasi Zygomatic arch
muscle

Levator labii Articular disc of

superioris temporomandibular joint
muscle

Zygomaticus Deep part Masseter

minor muscle Superficial part muscle

Zygomaticus Parotid duct (of Stensen)

major muscle

Levator Buccinator muscle

anguli
oris
muscle

Orbicularis
oris muscle

Mentalis
muscle

Depressor labii
inferioris muscle Depressor anguli
oris muscle

Temporalis muscle
Insertion of temporalis muscle
to coronoid process and
ramus of mandible

Parotid duct (of Stensen)

Buccinator muscle

Orbicularis oris muscle Lateral pterygoid

muscle
Masseteric nerve
and artery
Maxillary artery
Insertion of
masseter muscle

Plate 55 Nasal Region

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