Tail Compartment Temp High and Engine Condition Monitoring (ECM).

Meridiana currently use the P&W ECM II tool as a complementary method to detect incipient Tail
Compartment Temp High problem due to hot air leaks. ECM is performed by all airlines on regular basis if
the engine are maintained by Condition Monitoring (I wonder if still exist Hard Time engines.....). Therefore
every airline have, more ore less, ECM experts.

The principle is:

Tail Compartment Temp High problems are due to hot air leaks. An hot air leak means more bleed air from
the engines. Through the ECM it is possible to monitor the quantity of air bled from the engines. If the bleed
air increases compared to normal condition there is the possibility of a Tail Compartment Temp High problem
and troubleshooting is required. Without going too deep in the ECM analysis, the concept is: leak = more air
bled = more load on the engine = for a given EPR setting throttle more advanced = all parameters (EGT,
Fuel Flow, N2, N1) increase more or less, according the typical signature.

Just to summarize the procedure:

-Service air is supplied for all needs by the engines to the aircraft. On the MD80s service air comes from 8th
th
stage HPC (see Fig 1, points 1) and 13 stages HPC (see Fig 1, points 2) manifolds of the JT8D-200
series. I know that other aircraft type (737-200 I guess) use 6th stage LPC air too. I don't know the DC-9 with
the baby JT8D.

-Once you know where the service air of your aircraft comes from, P&W gives the signature of the engine
parameters shift in case of increase of bleed air from the applicable stage. Attached are both baby JT8D
(see Fig 2) and JT8D-200 (see Fig 3) series P&W fingerprints (obtained during the P&W ECM II course).
The signature to be considered are those due to OVERBOARD FLOW. Let's make an example: if your
th
aircraft use service air coming from 6 stage LPC on baby JT8D, the signature to be considered is indicated
th
by arrow B on fig 2 sheet 2 "+2% flow , 6 STG BLEED OVERBOARD". On the MD80s both signature
indicated by arrow D and F of Fig 3 sheet 2 have to be monitored, signature indicated by arrow E is not
applicable for MD80s.

-The ECM expert can recognize the typical signature on the LH or RH engine and advise the troubleshooter.
Troubleshooting is needed because the leak is for sure downstream the engine but could be:
th th
in the 8 or 13 manifolds itself, i.e., between points 1 and 4 or 2 and 3 (Fig 1) or in the engine anti-
ice manifolds, downstream points 5. It is important to remind that ECM analysis uses cruise data.
During cruise 8th stage air is always used while 13th stage air use depends on the air needs
through the augmentation valve. You have also to consider if you have one pack inoperative or not.
Of course a pack inoperative means no air required and the affected engine is less loaded.

th
Fig 4 shows a typical ECM trend with the signature of an 8 stage anti-ice IGV manifold broken on
LH engine.

in the Tail Compartment. Once you are sure the you don't have leaks in the engine manifolds until
the 8th stage check valve or 13th stage augmentation valve (i.e. upstream of points 3 and 4, Fig 1)
the leak is for sure inside the fuselage, more probably in the tail compartment.

Fig 5 shows a typical ECM trend with the signature of a Tail compartment leak that have been
detected.
Fig 6 shows a typical ECM trend with the signature of the RH engine PACK INOPERATIVE. In this
case all the engine parameters are lower because the bleed air is lower. The aircraft was released
with one pack inoperative. After troubleshooting a leak was found in the RH pack. This case is
mentioned only as an example, the ECM was not useful because the problem was already known.
 5
2

3
13th stage Manifold

5
1

1
5

8th stage Manifold

Fig 1
Fig 2 sheet 1
A B C

Fig 2 sheet 2
Fig 3 sheet 1
 E F
D

Fig 3 sheet 2
Date format: DDMM Engine position Engine S/N

ISS 90615 820 EICIW -1 MD-82 726046 JT8D-217C RUN DATE 13/10/05 PAGE: 1
EGT FUEL FLOW SMOOTHED DATA N2 N1 INSTALLED DATE 01/03/05
15/03/05 .-4...-2....0....2....4....6 15/03/05 .-2...-1....0....1....2....3 T/O **** ****
DATE ..0...10...20...30...40...50 15/03/05 ..1....2....3....4....5....6 15/03/05 OBT OIL EGT MAINT
INITIAL .I I I .I MGN CSP MGN ACTION
1508 .G F . H .L ************
1708 . g . f . h .L ************
1908Q . g F . . h .L ************
2008 . g F . H .L ************
2108 . G F . .H .L ************
2108 . G F . .H .L ************
2208 . G F. .H .L ************
2308 . G F. . H .L ************
2308 . G F . H .L ************
On date 31/08/2005
2608 . G F . H .L ************
found 8th stage IGV
2908Q . G .F . H .L ************
anti-ice manifold
2908Q . +g .F . H .L broken on LH engine
************
3008 . G .F . H .L ************
0209 . G f . . H .L ************
0209Q . G .F h. .L ************
0309 . g F . H .L ************
0409Q . G F . H .L ************
0709 . G F. .H .L ************
0709Q . G F. .H .L ************
0809 . G F. .H .L ************
0909 . G F . H. .L ************
1009 . G F . H. .L ************
1209 . G F . H. .L ************
1509 . G F . H. .L ************
1509Q . G F . H. .L ************
1809Q . G F . H. .L ************
2009Q . G F . H. .L ************
2009 . G F . H. .L ************
2109Q . G f- . h . .L ************
2209 . G F . H. .L ************
3009 . G F . H. .L ************
0110 . G . f H. L ************
0210Q . G . f H. .L ************
0310 . G F. H. .L ************
0410 . G F. H .L ************
0510Q . G F. H .L ************
0510 . G F. H. .L ************
0710Q=* . G F H .L ************
RAW DELTAS
LIMIT V . V V . V V . V V . V OIL OIL AVM AVM THT
-20....0...20...40...60..-10...-5....0....5...10...-4...-2....0....2....4...-4...-2....0....2....4.. PRS TMP L H POS
2109Q . G F . . H .L 44. 93.***************
2209 . G F. . H L. 47. 89.***************
3009 . G F. . H .L 46. 94.***************
0110 . G .F . H L 46. 91.***************
0210Q . G .F . H L 46. 81.***************
0310 . G F. . H .L 46. 88.***************
0410 . G F . H .L 46. 97.***************
0510Q . G F. . H L 47. 93.***************
0510 . G .F . H L. 47. 83.***************
0710Q=* . G F. . H .L 46. 95.***************
*** FLAGGED FOR: TRENDS: +FF , LEVELS: N2 , TRND-CHG

Fig 4 - 8th stage anti-ice manifold detected and fixed

 ISS 90615 820 ISMEL -1 MD-82 718243 JT8D-217C RUN DATE 26/06/05 PAGE: 16
EGT FUEL FLOW SMOOTHED DATA N2 N1 INSTALLED DATE 25/05/01
02/07/01 .-8...-6...-4...-2....0....2 02/07/01 .-2...-1....0....1....2....3 T/O 40. ****
DATE -10....0...10...20...30...40 02/07/01 ..0....1....2....3....4....5 02/07/01 OBT OIL EGT MAINT
INITIAL .I .I I. .I MGN CSP MGN ACTION
0205 . G . F . H L ************
0205 . G . F .H L ************ On date 08/06/2005
the problem start to
0505Q . G . F . H L ************ be evident
0605 . G . F .H L ************
0705 . G . F .H L ************ date 08/06/2003
0805 . G . F .H L ************
0106 . G . F . H L ************
0106Q . G . +f . h . l ************
0206 . G . f .H L. ************
0306 . G . f .H L ************
0506Q . G . F . H .L ************
0506 . G . F . H .L ************
0506 . G . F . H .L ************
0606 . G . F . H . L ************
0706 . G . F . H .L ************ On date 13/06/2005
0706Q . G . F . H .L ************ a Tail compartment
0806 . G . F . H .L ************ leak have been
fixed
1006Q . G . F . H .L ************
1106 . G / . H .L ************
1106Q=* . G . F . H .L ************ date 13/06/2003
1506 . G . F . H .L ************
1506Q . G . F . H .L ************
1606 . g . F . H .L ************
1606 . G . F . H .L ************
1706 . G . F . H .L ************On date 22/06/2005
the ECM trend, after
1806 . G . F . H .L ************
10 points, come back
1906 . G . F . H .L ************to the original engine
1906 . G . F . H .L ************baseline
2106Q . G . F . H .L ************
2206 . G . F . H .L ************
2206 . G . F . H .L ************
2306 . G . F . H .L ************
2306Q . G . F . H .L ************
2406 . G . F . H .L ************
2406 . G . F . H .L ************
2506 . G . F . H .L ************
2506 . G . F .H .L ************
2606 * . G . F . H .L ************
RAW DELTAS
LIMIT V . V V . V V . V V . V OIL OIL AVM AVM THT
-20....0...20...40...60..-10...-5....0....5...10...-4...-2....0....2....4...-4...-2....0....2....4.. PRS TMP L H POS
2106Q . G F. . H .L 49. 98.***************
2206 . G F. . H L 49. 97.***************
2206 . G F. . H L. 49. 95.***************
2306 . G F. . H L 49. 96.***************
2306Q . G F. . H .L 49. 98.***************
2406 . G F. . H .L 47. 99.***************
2406 . G F. . H .L 46. 90.***************
2506 . G F. . H L 49. 94.***************
2506 . G F. . H L 49. 98.***************
2606 * . G F. . H L 49. 99.***************
*** FLAGGED FOR: LEVELS: N2

Fig 5 - TAIL COMPARTMET LEAK DETECTED AND FIXED

 ISS 90615 820 EICRJ -2 MD-82 718590 JT8D-217C RUN DATE 09/07/03 PAGE: 26
EGT FUEL FLOW SMOOTHED DATA N2 N1 INSTALLED DATE 27/05/02
13/06/02 .-4...-2....0....2....4....6 13/06/02 .-1....0....1....2....3....4 T/O **** ****
DATE ..0...10...20...30...40...50 13/06/02 .-1....0....1....2....3....4 13/06/02 OBT OIL EGT MAINT
INITIAL I. I. .I I MGN CSP MGN ACTION
2105Q . G .F . H .L ************
2405 .G F . H .L ************
2505 .G F . H .L ************
2505 .G . f . H .L ************
2605Q g . f . . H .L ************
2805 . G F . H .L ************
2905 . G .F . H .L ************
2905 . G .F . H .L ************
3005 . G .F . H . +l ************
3105 . G .F . +h . L ************
0406 . G .F . H . L ************
0506 . +g . +f . +h .L ************
0606 . g . f . H .L ************
0706Q . G .F . H .L ************
0706Q . G .F . H .L ************
0806 . G .F . H .L ************
0906 . G f . . H .L ************
1006 . G .F . H .L ************
1206 .G F . H .L ************
1206 g . F . H .L ************
1506 g. F. . H .L ************
1606 .G F. . H .L ************
2006 G F. . H .L ************
One pack inoperative
2206 G F. . H .L On date 24/06/2003 a Tail
************
2206 G. F. . H .L compartment
************ leak have been
fixed
2206 G. F. . H .L ************
2306 G. . f . H .L ************
2306 g- . F . . H .L ************
2706 G. F . . H .L ************
2706 G. F . . H .L ************
2706 . g .f . H .L ************
3006Q G. F. . H .L ************
0107 . g F. . H .L ************
0407 G. F . . H .L ************
0407Q .G f . . H L ************
0607 . G . f . H L ************
0707Q . G F. . H L ************
0807 =* . G F. . H .L ************
RAW DELTAS
LIMIT V . V V . V V . V V . V OIL OIL AVM AVM THT
-20....0...20...40...60..-10...-5....0....5...10...-4...-2....0....2....4...-4...-2....0....2....4.. PRS TMP L H POS
2706 . G F . H . L 45. 107.***************
2706 . G F. . H . L 45. 105.***************
2706 . G .F . H . L 45. 97.***************
3006Q . G F. . H .L 45. 107.***************
0107 . G F . H . L 45. 97.***************
0407 . G F. . H . L 45. 106.***************
0407Q . G F . . H .L 45. 92.***************
0607 . G .F . H . L 46. 90.***************
0707Q . G F. . H . L 45. 106.***************
0807 =* . G F . H . L 45. 90.***************
*** FLAGGED FOR: LEVELS: N1 N2

Fig 6 - ONE PACK INOPERATIVE

TAIL COMPARTMET LEAK DETECTED AND FIXED