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Fracturing Basics: - Damage Bypass - Stimulation
Fracturing Basics: - Damage Bypass - Stimulation
Fracturing Basics: - Damage Bypass - Stimulation
• Damage Bypass
• Stimulation
4 re/rw=2500
3 re/rw=5,000
2 re/rw=10,000
1
0
1 10 100 1000 10000
Increased well radius/init well radius
Usually a
high
viscosity frac
fluid.
What is happening? - moderate frac width sufficient to admit proppant, sufficient length
and height to create width – AND – fluid loss from frac to formation with some fluid loss
control.
What is happening?
1 The small amount of pad remaining is at the
edges of the growing frac, but is being lost to fluid
leakoff;
2. The 2 lb/gal pad is losing liquid volume,
concentrating the proppant;
3. The 4 lb/gal pad has entered the fracture,
driving the other fluids in front of it and slowing
losing some of its volume to leakoff.
What is happening?
1. Pumping sequential stages of 2, 4, 6,
8, and 12 lb/gal.
2. The fluid leakoff is steadily increasing
the proppant concentration.
3. When the proppant concentration at
the tip of the fracture approaches 16
lb/gal, the slurry is no longer
pumpable.