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50 Item Pharmacology Exam
50 Item Pharmacology Exam
to increase muscle strength for this activity. The nurse instructs the
for the client with myasthenia gravis. For the client who has difficulty
constipation asks the nurse how this medication works. The nurse
Senna works by changing the transport of water and electrolytes in the large
intestine, which causes the accumulation of water in the mass of stool and
increased peristalsis.
infusion. The nurse monitors the client for which adverse effect of this
therapy?
c. ecchymoses
d. tinnitus
is at risk for bleeding. The nurse monitors for signs of bleeding, which
includes bleeding from the gums, ecchymoses on the skin, cloudy or pink-
tinged urine, tarry stools, and body fluids that test positive for occult blood.
4. A client is being treated for acute congestive heart failure (CHF) and the client’s vital signs are as
follows: BP 85/50 mm Hg; pulse, 96 bpm; respirations, 26 cpm. The physician prescribes digoxin
(Lanoxin). To evaluate a therapeutic effectiveness of this medication, the nurse would expect which of
the following changes in the client’s vital signs?
rise in the BP in a client with CHF. Digoxin also has a negative chronotropic
effect (decreases heart rate) and will therefore cause a slowing of the heart
rate. As cardiac output improves, there should be an improvement in
respirations as well.
a. incoordination
b. cough
c. tinnitus
d. hypertension
monitor:
a. urinary output
anoxia. The nurse monitors the fetal heart rate and notifies the physician of
in the clinic for the first time. When asking about the client’s
medication history, the client tells the nurse that he takes nateglinide
(Starlix). The nurse then questions the client about the presence of
a. hypothyroidism
b. insomnia
d. renal failure
with diet and exercise. It stimulates the release of insulin from beta cells of
regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis calls the clinic nurse and
reports that her urine is a red-orange color. The nurse tells the client
to:
physician
effect
tuberculosis. Urine, feces, sputum, sweat, and tears may become red-orange
in color. The client should also be told that soft contact lenses may become
useful reason for the client to provide a urine sample. The client is not told to
stop a medication. Antacids are not usually taken with a medication because
of interactive effects.
hours. Which of the following would indicate to the nurse that the
b. photophobia
c. hypotension
d. bradycardia
branch of the eight cranial nerve; and red-neck syndrome from too rapid
nausea, vomiting, itching, rash and redness on the face, neck, arms, and
twice daily. Which of the following would indicate to the nurse that the
a. hypetension
b. diarrhea
c. nose bleeds
d. vaginal bleeding
receptors such as the breasts, uterus, and vagina. Frequent side effects
and skin rash. Adverse or toxic effects include retinopathy, corneal opacity,
11. A client has just been given a prescription for diphenoxylate with
atropine (Lomotil). The nurse teaches the client which of the following
taken with a laxative. Side effects of the medication include dry mouth and
drowsiness.
12. A nurse is gathering data from client about the client’s medication
history and notes that the client is taking tolterodine tartrate (Detrol
LA). The nurse determines that the client is taking the medication to
a. glaucoma
b. renal insufficiency
c. pyloric stenosis
13. A client has an order to receive psyllium (Metamucil) daily. The nurse
b. a dose of an antacid
c. applesauce
water or juice, and followed by another glass of liquid. This will help prevent
impaction of the medication in the stomach or small intestine. The other
a. signs of infection
b. hypotension
c. weight loss
d. hair loss
rejection. The client should be especially alert for signs and symptoms of
infection while taking this medication, and report them to the physician if
experienced. The client is also taught about other side effects of the
a. crackers
b. shrimp
c. apricots
d. popcorn
apricots, orange juice, potatoes, and raisins. Option c provides the highest
16. Oral lactulose (Chronulac) is prescribed for the client with a hepatic
disorder and the nurse provides instructions to the client regarding this
instructions?
bowel evacuation, expelling ammonia from the colon. It should be taken with
water or juice to aid in softening the stool. An increased fluid intake and a
high-fiber diet will promote defecation. If nausea occurs, the client should be
therapeutic plasma levels (0.5 to 2.0 ng/mL). The client is instructed to take
the pulse, hold the medication if the pulse is below 60 beats per minute, and
or card.
18. A client with anxiety disorder is taking buspirone (BuSpar) and tells
the nurse that it is difficult to swallow the tablets. The nurse tells the
client to:
interventions. Mixing the tablet uncrushed in custard will not ensure ease in
swallowing. Dissolving the tablet in a cup of coffee is not the best instruction
to provide to the client because this measure may not ensure that the client
19. A nurse is caring for a child with CHF provides instructions to the
the dose”
The medication should not be mixed with food or formula because this
method would not ensure that the child receives the entire dose of
and is not identified until 4 or more hours later, that dose is not
needs to be notified.
further instructions?
a. “I will take one pill daily at the same time every day”
d. “If I miss two pills I will take them both as soon as I remember
The client needs to be instructed to use a second birth control method during
the first pill cycle. Options a, b, and c are correct. Additionally, the client
needs to be instructed that if she misses three pills, she will need to
discontinue use for that cycle and use another birth control method.
for management of an anxiety disorder. The nurse tells the client that:
continued therapy
occasional side effect and the medication can be given with food if this
occurs.
22. A client with Parkinson’s disease has begun therapy with levodopa (L-
dopa). The nurse determines that the client understands the action of
the medication if the client verbalizes that results may not be apparent
for:
a. 24 hours
c. One week
that the client has a therapeutic drug level if the client’s result was:
a. 3 mcg/ml
b. 8 mcg/ml
c. 15 mcg/ml
d. 24mcg/ml
clients with normal serum albumin levels and renal function. A level below
this range indicates that the client is not receiving sufficient medication, and
is at risk for seizure activity. In this case, the medication dose should be
adjusted upward. A level above this range indicates that the client is entering
the toxic range and is at risk for toxic side effects of the medication. In this
a. hypertension
b. nausea
c. headache
d. watery diarrhea
25. A nurse is caring for a client with glaucoma who receives a daily dose
medication?
a. constipation
b. difficulty swallowing
d. irritability
stools, pain in the lower back, jaundice, dysuria, crystalluria, and renal colic
c. muscle weakness
d. confusion
needs to monitor fluid balance and renal function tests for potential signs of
ventricular fibrillation, can occur but is rare. Anaphylactic reactions are also
rare. Vision and hearing alterations, seizures, hepatic failure and coagulation
a. edema
b. weight gain
c. excitability
d. decreased libido
be alert to the fact that the client taking spironolactone may experience body
image changes due to threatened sexual identity. These body image changes
females. Since the medication is a diuretic, edema and weight gain should
not occur. Excitability is not associated with the use of this medication;
rather, drowsiness may occur.
28. A nurse is caring for the client with a history of mild heart failure who
a. bradycardia
b. wheezing
nurse would assess for signs and symptoms that indicate worsening of these
underlying disorders. In this question, the nurse assesses for signs and
29. The wound of a client with an extensive burn injury is being treated
would indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing a side effect
c. a localized rash
d. photosensitivity
Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) is a cream used for extensive burn wounds.
effects of the medication include pain, burning, itching and a localized rash.
a. diarrhea
b. photophobia
c. fever
31. The nurse notes that the client is receiving filgrastim (Neupogen). The
effectiveness?
a. neutrophil count
b. platelet count
d. creatinine level
Filgrastim is a biologic modifier that stimulates production, maturation, and
decreased level places the client at risk for bleeding. The blood urea nitrogen
blood dyscrasia?
a. blurred vision
b. constipation
c. sore throat
d. dry mouth
Leukopenia is indicative of a low white blood cell count and places the client
at risk for infection. The nurse would monitor the client for signs of infection
such as a sore mouth, gums, or throat. Blurred vision, dry mouth, and
constipation are occasional side effects of the medication but are not
indicative of leukopenia.
a. sodium
b. potassium
c. calcium
d. chloride
34. A clinic nurse asks a client with diabetes mellitus being seen in the
clinic for the first time to list the medications that she is taking. Which
to the physician?
sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
occur.
withheld, and the physician is notified. The nurse would not discontinue the
36. A client has been taking fosinopril (Monopril) for 2 months. The nurse
a. lowered BP
c. increased WBC
option b incorrect. Other side effects of the medication are neutropenia and
37. A client is taking labetalol (Normodyne). The nurse monitors the client
a. tachycardia
b. impotence
d. night blindness
client. Other side effects of this medication are bradycardia, weakness, and
38. An older client has been using cascara sagrada on a long-term basis.
which is a laxative. The medication stimulates peristalsis and alters fluid and
normal range for potassium is 3.5 to 5.1 mEq/L. The normal range for
40. Quinidine gluconate (Dura Quin) is prescribed for a client. The nurse
reviews the client’s medical record, knowing that which of the following
b. muscle weakness
c. asthma
d. infection
clients with preexisting asthma, muscle weakness, infection with fever, and
nurse tells the client that this medication should do which of the
following?
a. take away nausea and vomiting
arthritis, and the nurse monitors the client for signs of an adverse
adverse effect?
a. nausea
b. diarrhea
c. anorexia
d. proteinuria
a lying to sitting position and to permit the legs to dangle from the bed
medication does not need to be taken with meals. It may be given without
44. A female client tells the clinic nurse that her skin is very dry and
irritated. Which product would the nurse suggest that the client apply
a. glycerin emollient
b. aspercreame
c. myoflex
Glycerin is an emollient that is used for dry, cracked, and irritated skin.
Aspercreame and Myoflex are used to treat muscular aches. Acetic acid
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
45. A client with advanced cirrhosis of the liver is not tolerating protein
a. lactulose (Chronulac)
The client with cirrhosis has impaired ability to metabolize protein because of
ammonia via the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Ethacrynic acid is a diuretic. Folic
acid and thiamine are vitamins, which may be used in clients with liver
46. A nurse is planning dietary counseling for the client taking triamterene
a. baked potato
b. bananas
c. oranges
potassium is very water-soluble, foods that are prepared in water are often
lower in potassium.
47. A client is taking famotidine (Pepcid) asks the home care nurse what
would be the best medication to take for a headache. The nurse tells
b. ibuprofen (Motrin)
c. acetaminophen (Tylenol)
d. naproxen (Naprosyn)
The only medication of the ones listed in the options that is not irritating to
a. chocolate milk
b. cranberry juice
c. coffee
d. cola
Cola, coffee, and chocolate contain xanthine and should be avoided by the
incidence of cardiovascular and central nervous system side effects that can
The nurse teaches the client to do which of the following while taking
this medication?
should be taken with food or milk. Antacids should be avoided for 2 hours
The client should avoid concurrent use of alcohol, because the medication is
hepatotoxic. The client should also avoid exposure to sunlight, because the
50. A nurse is preparing the client’s morning NPH insulin dose and notices
The nurse should always inspect the vial of insulin before use for solution
changes that may signify loss of potency. NPH insulin is normally uniformly