Valerio, Steven C.

CE-3/2016141805
CE175-3W/A16
ME1

1) A community is expected to reach a population of 35,000 20 years from now. The present
population is 28,000 and present average Water consumption is 16,000 m3/day. The
existing Water treatment plant has design capacity of 19,000 m3/day. Assuming an
arithmetic growth rate of population growth, determine in what year the existing plant will
reach its design capacity.

Solution:
• P = 35,000
P0 = 28,000
n = 20 years = 2 decades
𝑃𝑃 = 𝑃𝑃0 + 𝑛𝑛𝑥𝑥̅
35,000 = 28,000 + 2𝑥𝑥̅
𝑥𝑥̅ = 3,500
• Average Daily per Capita Water Consumption
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴. 𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
= 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

1003 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐3 1 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 1 𝐿𝐿

16,000 𝑚𝑚3 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 1000 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
1 𝑚𝑚3 1 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐3
=
28,000
4000
= 7

= 571.43 LCPD
• Design Capacity Population
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
= 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶

1003 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐3 1 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 1 𝐿𝐿

19,000 𝑚𝑚3 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 1000 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
1 𝑚𝑚3 1 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐3
= 4000
7
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿

= 33250 people
 • After n years, population would be 33,250 people; use the first equation once again
to compute for n (note that n is in decades)
𝑃𝑃 = 𝑃𝑃0 + 𝑛𝑛𝑥𝑥̅ ; 𝑥𝑥̅ = 3,500
33,250 = 28,000 + 3500𝑛𝑛
𝑛𝑛 = 1.5
10 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦
• n = 1.5 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥 1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 15 years

2) Determine the fire flow required for a three-story building with a plan area of 700 m2 and
wood frame construction. If this building dictates the fire flow for the community of Prob.
2-3, what is the maximum daily demand plus fire flow? What percentage of the average
demand does the fire flow constitute?

Solution:
• Based on Prob 2-3, the average population in year 2010 would be 23,565 and the
average daily water demand would be 11,765 m3 per capita per day (or 11,765,000
LPCD); these values were obtained with the use of ARITHMETIC METHOD of
Population Estimation
Average domestic demand = 23,565 x 11,765,000 = 2.77 x 1011 L/day
Max. Daily Demand = 1.8 x Average = 4.99 x 1011 L/day
• F = 18C(A)0.5
Wherein:
F = required flow in gal/min [(L/min) ÷ 3.78]
C = coefficient related to the type of construction = 1.5 (since wood frame
construction)
A = total floor area (m2 x 10.76)
𝐹𝐹 = 18𝐶𝐶(𝐴𝐴)0.5
𝐹𝐹 = 18(1.5)(700 𝑥𝑥 10.76 𝑥𝑥 3)0.5
𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 3.785 𝐿𝐿 1440 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝐹𝐹 = 4058.63 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 1 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝐹𝐹 = 22.121 𝑥𝑥 106 𝐿𝐿/𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
• Maximum Rate = Max Daily + [(maintenance of 10h) x (F)]
 Maximum Rate = 4.99 x 1011 + [22.121 x 106 x (10/24)] = 4.99 x 1011 L
𝐹𝐹 22.121 𝑥𝑥 106
• % 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = Average domestic demand 𝑥𝑥 100% = 𝑥𝑥 100%
2.77 x 1011

% Fire Flow = 0.0079859%

3) Determine the fire flow required for an area which consists of single-family residences
from to 1.5 to 3 m. (5 to 10 ft.) apart. For how long must this flow be provided? What total
volume of water must be available for fire protection?

Solution:
• As per ISO (Insurance Service Office):
o When d ≤ 3 m. (10 ft.) apart,
 F = 5,670 L/min or F = 1,500 gal/min
 Duration = 1 hr.
𝐿𝐿 60 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚.
• Total Volume of Water = �5,670 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑥𝑥 1 ℎ𝑟𝑟.
� 𝑥𝑥 1 ℎ𝑟𝑟. = 340,200 L; or
𝐿𝐿 60 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚.
Total Volume of Water = �1,500 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑥𝑥 1 ℎ𝑟𝑟.
� 𝑥𝑥 1 ℎ𝑟𝑟. = 90,000 gal

4) A residential community has an estimated ultimate population density of 15,000 per km2
and an area of 120,000 m2. The average wastewater flow is presently 300 L per capita per
day. Estimate the maximum sewerage flow rate to be expected from this area.

Solution:
• 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
1 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘2
2
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 15,000 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 120,000 𝑚𝑚2
10002 𝑚𝑚2
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 1800 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝
• Average Sewerage Flow = 1800 x 300 LPCD = 540,000 L/day = 540 m3/day
14
• Peak Factor = M = 1 + 4+ √𝑃𝑃
; P is in thousands
14
Peak Factor = M = 1 + 4+ √1.8
 Peak Factor = M = 3.6209
• Max. Sewerage Flow = 3.6209 x 540,000 L/day = 1,415,296.47 L/day