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Integration Techniques 2: Simple Substitution: Ib SL/HL Adrian Sparrow
Integration Techniques 2: Simple Substitution: Ib SL/HL Adrian Sparrow
Integration Techniques 2: Simple Substitution: Ib SL/HL Adrian Sparrow
substitution
IB SL/HL
Adrian Sparrow
www.ibmaths.com
Note
At the IB SL level substitution is used in very simple forms to allow to
integrate certain functions. More in depth substitutions are not
needed.
At IB HL it is more usual to find substitutions questions and these will
be dealt with with further slides.
Substitution 1 - example
sin 2
x cos x dx
Let u sin x Choose your substitution.
du du
cos x Calculate and then arrange
dx dx
to have dx .
du
dx Substitute in youru and replace
cos x
du
your dx.
sin x cos xdx u cos x cos x
2 2
Note at this stage your ingration
will look easier.
sin 2
x cos x dx u du
2
Cancel out.
u sin x u cos x
du du
cos x sin x
dx dx
du dx
du
dx
cos x sin x
du
3 3 du
sin x cos xdx u cos xcos x cos x sin xdx u sin xsin x
2 2
x cos xdx
sin 3
du
u 3
cos x sin x dx u du
2 2
3
u4 u
c c
4 3
sin 4 x cos 3 x
c c
4 3
Substitution 3 - another example
2xx 1 dx
2 4
u x 1 2
Choose your substitution.
du du du
2x dx Calculate and then arrange
dx 2x dx
du to have dx .
2xx 1 dx 2xu 2x
2 4 4
3x 4 x dx xx 3 dx
3 3 5
1. 2
2. 2
u4x 3
u x 3 2
du du du du
3x 2
dx 2 2x dx
dx 3x dx 2x
1 du
x x 3 dx
5
2 3 du
3x 4 x dx 3x u 3x 2
3 3 2 5
2 xu
2 x
5 1
3x 4 x dx u du
2 3 3 3
xx 3 dx 2
2
u du5
6
u 4 u
c c
4 12
4x 3
6
3 4 2
x
c c
4 12
Questions and answers
Questions Hints Answers
1. cos 5
x sin x dx u=cos x
cos 6 x
c
6
3x 1
2 5
x 3x 1 dx
4
2. 2
u= 3x 1 2
c
30
3. sin 4
x cos x dx u=sin x sin x
c
5
5
ln x ln x
2
4. dx u=ln x c
x 2
x x 3
2 4
2x 1x u x x 3
3
c
2
5. 2
x
3 dx
4