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Probability - REVIEW
Probability - REVIEW
probability
IB Studies
How to write a probability
6
Favourable outcomes and expressing probabilities
favourable outcomes
Probability=
total outcomes
Favourable outcomes are the 2. 4 red counters, 3 blue
ones that are required, usually counters and 1 white counter
from the question. are in a bag. One counter is
chosen at random.
Examples Find the probability of getting a
1. A fair normal die is rolled, blue counter.
find the probability that a 5
occurs.
1 3
6 8
Question set 1
1. A fair normal die is rolled. 2. A class of 20 students has 5
Find the probability that, Americans, 10 Egyptians, 3
1 Canadians, and 2 French
a) a 4 occurs,
students. A student is chosen at
6
random.
b) an even Find the probability of the
3 student being,
numbers occurs,
6
5
a) American,
c) an square 2 20
number occurs, 6 2
b) French,
20
d) a prime 3
number occurs, 3
6 c) Canadian,
20
e) a 7 occurs. 0 0
0 d) British. 0
6 20
Probabilities from observations
Probabilities are not always theoretical, as the previous slides.
They may be based on some surveys.
For example:
A student does a survey to find the colour of 50 cars parked in a
staff car park. The results are shown below.
IB Studies
AND and OR 1
A bag contains 3 red counters b) Find the probability that 2
and 2 blue counters. A counter blue counters are picked.
is picked at random, then
replaced in the bag. A counter P(blue) P(blue) 4
2 2
is then chosen again. 25
=
5 5
a) Find the probability that 2 c) Find the probability that the
red counters are picked. 2 counters are picked are the
same colour.
You want: red AND red
You want:
Relace the AND with . Red AND red OR blue AND blue
Re place the OR with +.
P(red) P(red)
P(red) P(red) + P(blue) P(blue)
3 3 9
= 3 3 2 2 13
5 5 25 =
5 5 5 5 25
AND and OR 2
A tired maths teacher reaches b) two red socks,
into her sock draw in the 3 2
morning. She has 5 black and 3 P(red) P(red)=
red socks in the draw. She 8 7
picks two socks at random. 6
Find the probability that she
picks,
56
3 5
red
5 2 6
blue r AND b
5 25
3
red 6
5 b AND r
2 25
blue
5
2 4
blue b AND b
5 25
Tree diagrams - reading a table
9 Always fill in the
25 probabilities on at the end
of the branches, keep the
6 denominators the same and
25 ensure the total is 1.
6
25 This makes answering
questions much easier.
4
25
Find the probability that
c) the 2 counters picked 13
9 are of the same colour,
a) 2 red counters are 25
picked,
25
d) the 2 counters are
picked are of different
12
b) blue counters are 4
picked, colours. 25
25
Question
An IB group has 10 males and 10 females. 4 males do SL maths and 6
do HL maths. 7 females do SL and 3 do HL maths. One male and one
female are chosen at random and their level of maths is noted.
a) Construct a tree diagram for this data.
Hence, calculate the probability
Male Female 28
7
SL that when a male and female are
100 chosen at random,
10
4 SL 18
12
b) both do HL,
10 3
HL 100 100
10
42 c) both do SL, 28
6 7 SL
10 HL 10 100 100