8 Mape Module 1 Final

Colegio de Santa Rita de San Carlos, Inc.
AUGUSTINIAN RECOLLECT SISTERS

Atienza Ave, Brgy. V, San Carlos City, Negros Occidental
Tel: (034) 312-6212 (Main) ; (034) 312-5185 (Annex)
Website: http//:csr-scc.edu.ph
Email: csrbasic@gmail.com
MUSIC, ARTS & PHYSICAL EDUCATION 8

Module 1
MODULE DURATION:
JANUARY 9-15, 2021
TITLE:
MUSIC: INDIAN CARNATIC MUSIC
ARTS: THE VIBRANT ART AND CULTURE OF INDIA
P.E.: THE BASIC OF BASTKETBALL
WRITE YOUR ANSWERS IN YOUR ACTIVITY

NOTEBOOK.
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KINDLY READ THIS!

How to Learn from this Module?
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are task to do the following:
1. Carefully read all the lessons.
2. Take your time on going thru each lesson.
3. If you have a hard time understanding the lessons and activities, please do
take a break. Having breaks between lessons and activities will give you some
space where you can absorb the lesson well.
4. You can use the internet if you need more information about the lesson.
5. Contact your subject teacher if you have some questions about the submission
of your output.
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MUSIC
OVERVIEW
In the previous units, you learned all about the music of Southeast Asia and the East Asia. You
have learned how countries like Thailand, Indonesia, Cambodia, Myanmar, China, Korea, and Japan
developed their music through the culture, nature, and history of each country.
There are certain events in history that either consolidates different cultures or divides one into
separate cultures. Factors that contribute to this include religion, politics, migration, war, and
nationalism. Whether there is assimilation or separation of cultures, there is only one national identity.
In this unit, you will discover how different events contributed to the creation of different music
cultures particularly in India and Israel. You will also learn various types of musical instruments
popular to their country as well as the different vocal forms used in their music.
PART 1: INDIAN CARNATIC MUSIC

Indian music has come a long way since its first records at around 200-400 BC. Bharatha Muni, a
musicologist, wrote down a basic music theory of that time called Natya Shastra. During this time, India was a
prosperous nation and welcomed different travelers from around the world. Music evolved as cultures are
integrated.
Upon the arrival of the Mughals, several Hindu kings escaped to the south. Music was changing
because of this external influence. In Mughal territories, Persian culture was assimilated. In the south, Hindu
kings standardized music to preserve tradition and keep it from changing too much.
Territories of the Mughals were called Hindustan and territories by Hindu kings were called Carnatic.
This is why the two branches of Indian music are called Hindustani and Carnatic.
Carnatic Music
Pundara Dasa is credited as the founder of Carnatic music. He devised teaching methods and composed
music as well. His most important contribution is the codifying of teaching elements of music into graded
steps.
In Thanjavur, Raghunatha Nayak observed that identifying ragas was impossible because musicians
strayed too much from the original material even though they are performing well-known ragas. To solve this
problem, he wrote the Sangita Sudha, a definitive guide to Carnatic music. Sangita Sudha was passed on to
many, creating a Hindu identity in the midst of Mughal advances.
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Around the 17th century, Venkatamakhi composed the 72 melakartha ragas in two treatises,
Chaturdandi Prakasika and Raga Lakshana. He was greatly influenced by Nayak in believing that music would
be popular only when it is clear, simple, and enjoyable.
Carnatic music is based primarily on ragas (melodic scales) and talas (rhythmic cycles). There are
seven talas and 72 basic ragas. All other ragas are based from these three main composers that spread Carnatic
music— Tyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar, and Shyama Shastri—created a lot of Krithis (compositions) that
have influenced many musicians up to this day.
Carnatic music is highly devotional and spiritual. Its aim is always to find Brahman or God. In Hindu
teachings, one of the easiest ways to reach God is through music. Even the Hindu Gods each have their own
musical instrument.
Musical Analysis
With regards to tuning, all Indian music are tuned in a Just temperament as opposed to an Equal
temperament in western music. There are 22 notes in one octave in the Indian scale.
The presence of gamaka or microtones is also related to the first characteristic ofhaving more than 12
notes per octave. Indian music occurs at different frequencies because ofthe sliding aesthetic. flowing aesthetic
of the melody is unique to Indian music.
Notes are called Swara, and there are seven of it: sa, ri, ga, ma, pa, dha, and ni, which are based on the
real names of Swaras which are Shadjam, Rishabham, Gändhäram, Madhyamam, Panchamam, Dhaivatham,
and Nishadham. All notes will have up to three tones each, except sa and pa, which are constants, and Swara
which has two. Ibe reason for this is the sliding aesthetic mentioned above.
To reconcile the presence of 22 notes while using only five to seven notes, one must also understand
Raga. Raga is the subset of notes chosen from the 22 notes, plus all the sliding and microtones associated with
the seven notes. The selection of notes is based on a formula.
With regards to texture, Carnatic music or Indian music in general, is mostly monophonic with a drone
layer. Harmony is absent in their music.
All Indian music is also played by ear and has no absolute pitch. The unique pitch where one's voice
usually starts is called Sruti.
The speed of music is constant throughout the piece, though if the musician wants to change the mood,
he or she will speed up double or quadruple is called First Kaalam, Second Kaalam, and Third Kaalam,
respectively.
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Tala is the rhythmic cycle of Carnatic music. These rhythmic cycles are based on the phrasing of
words on the melody. For example, the phrase happy birthday can fit a Tala with four beats or eight beats, but
not one with three beats or five beats. New melodies appear when new cycles occur.
Improvisation is also expected from performers, but guidelines for the improvisations ought to be
followed.
Instruments
 Veena - has seven strings strung over 24 fixed frets. It has a large resonator (kudam), a tapering
hollow neck (dandi), and a tuning box that curves downwards (yali).
 Udukkai - an hourglass shaped, membranous drum.
 Thavil - a barrel shaped drum carved out of jackfruit wood, with animal membrane stretched out
on either side. Shanka - a conch shell
 Nadaswaram - a wind instrument made of wood and metal. Has a long tube with seven finger
holes.
 Mridangam - made from a large piece of hollowed out jackfruit wood. The two mouths or
openings are covered with goatskin, and attached to each other with tightly bound leather straps.
The two sides of the drum are different sizes.
 Morsing - a Carnatic percussion instrument shaped like prongs with an additional metal stick
running through the length of the instrument.
 Kanjira - a small handheld drum that resembles a tambourine.
 Ghatam - a clay pot reinforced with brass, copper, and iron fillings.
MODULE ACTIVITY
Explanation
(20 points)
DIRECTION: In your own words, explain and discuss the following topics briefly. Use example or make a judgment
about its strengths and weaknesses. Your answers must consist of a minimum of 300 words. Write your answers in your
activity notebook.
1. Write a reflection on the things you learned in this lesson and their relevance to you. Tell how you can
apply what you learned in your daily life and cite specific instances in which you feel these learnings
will come handy.
Score Criteria
Focus on the theme from Language is mostly artistic
beginning to end; purpose and imaginative; use of No spelling, grammar and
20
for writing is evident with figures of speech and imagery usage errors detected
the goal in mind is evident.
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Focus on the theme is lost at Some language is artistic and
One or two spelling,
some point; purpose for imaginative; there are some
19-11 grammar and usage errors
writing is evident with the figures of speech and imagery
detected
goal in mind used
Focus on the theme is lost at
some point ; purpose for One or two artistic or Several spelling grammar
10-1
writing is evident with imaginative language used and usage errors detected
unclear target goal
ART
OVERVIEW
Lessons in this unit will be focused with the nature, function, and appreciation of the visual arts
in the south, west, and central part of Asia. In particular, this unit will highlight the arts and culture of
India, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia. Each lesson is designed to develop student understanding and
appreciation of the rich cultural heritage and the fascinating art forms that can be found in these
countries.
In addition, the unit will also highlight the emerging trends in art and how the conventional way
of doing art, aesthetics, and the elements and principles of art can be applied to create a new breed of
functional art. By acquainting the student with the important heritage that Asian cultures have
established, he or she will be able to recognize the diversity and commonness of the beliefs, traditions,
and art of these proud people.
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PART 1: THE VIBRANT CULTURE OF

INDIA
India has one of the earliest civilizations in world history, alongside Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt.
As early as 2400 BC, a culture known as the Indus Valley civilization, also called as the Harappan
civilization, began to emerge on the fertile plains around the Indus River, in what is now modern-day Pakistan
and India.
The Harappans or the settlers of the Indus Valley, progressively established systems, which were as
advanced as that of Egypt. built multi-storied buildings using fired bricks, which were efficient yet obviously
is lacking in architectural ornamentation. Try used bronze and copper in crafting their tools for survival. The
Harappans even built drainage systems and developed a language based on pictograms or picture symbols.
Most of the Harappans raised grain and other crops in fields, while others made and traded cotton cloth, small
clay potteries, bronze and stone figures thus, making the Indus Valley an important trading center. In modern
times, two important sites have been found: Harappa in 1856, and Mohenjo-Daro in 1922. It is believed that
this civilization existed 4,500 years ago. Many Harappan pottery figures were excavated and most of which
were intended for trading purposes. Today, only a few bronze and small stone sculptures from Mohenjo-Daro
have survived. It show well-developed artistic styles that provide a clearer notion about the Harappan's
religious beliefs and their way of life. It can also be observed that Harappans paid attention to anatomical
details when crafting animals. It is probably because they regarded animals just as important as humans. The
sculptures are also indicators that the Harappans worshipped a great many spirits whom they believed were
found in water, trees, and the surroundings.
Around 1800 BC, the Harappan civilization began to weaken, and completely vanished by 1500 BC.
Most historians agree that invaders from the northwest, known as Aryans, were largely responsible for
bringing an end to the Indus valley civilization.
The Rise of the Hinduism And Buddhism

Aryans took over and controlled India in the next thousand-year period.
They were warrior shepherds who relied heavily on their cattle or sheep for livelihood. Unlike the
Harappans, it is believed that they had no central form of government and were loosely organized into tribes.
Each tribe was ruled by a rajan, or chief, who was assisted by a council of warriors. over time, the Aryans—
who recognized many gods and goddesses—blended with the beliefs of the Harappans and formed what
eventually became the national religion of India: Hinduism. This religion was developed over a long period of
time from a blend of several different beliefs and practices. It is also considered as the world's oldest
organized religion. The Hindus believe there are three primary processes in life and in the universe; creation,
preservation, and destruction. These can be reflected by the three main Hindu gods. They are Brahma, the
Creator; Vishnu, the Preserver; and Shiva, the Destroyer.
Buddhism was also introduced to India. It was founded by Siddhartha Gautama whose holiness and
love for all creatures earned him widespread fame throughout India. In time he came to be called the Buddha,
which means "The Enlightened One." Buddha is the primary figure in Buddhism. He did not claim to be of
different origin, nor did he claim to receive inspiration from gods. He practiced meditation, the act of
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contemplating or focusing thoughts on a single object or idea, but did not pray to a higher being. After his
death in 483 BC, temples were built in his honor, and his beliefs eventually spread throughout Asia. Hindus
and Buddhists believe in reincarnation—a purification process in which the soul lives in many bodies in many
lifetimes. In order to move to a higher and purer state, a person must follow a set of rules governing moral
conduct. They believe that, after death, a soul returns to life in another form. These two religions differ in the
rules one must follow to complete the cycle of reincarnation successfully. For the Hindus, they must aim to be
one with Brahma while for the Buddhists, when completion is achieved, the spirit experiences Nirvana, and a
blissful state free of all desires.
Buddhist Architecture
Meditation is very essential to the lives of Buddhists. This moved many Of Buddha's followers to
withdraw from society and live-in monasteries called viharas. At first, these monasteries were simple wooden
structures or natural caves and were used as temporary shelters by wandering monks during rainy seasons.
Around the third century BC, more elaborate chambers and meeting halls were carved out of the rock in
hillsides and cliffs. By the end of the second century BC, another important architectural form came into
existence: the Stupa. It is a small round burial shrine built over a grave site to hold relics of the Buddha.
These shrines offered opportunities for the faithful to engage in private meditation, an important element in
the Buddhist religion. The most impressive of these stupas was erected and completed in the first century AD
at Sanchi Town, Madhya Pradesh, India. It is called the Great Stupa, and is considered as the oldest stone
structure in India. Buddhists express their devotion by walking clockwise along a railed path at the base of the
dome. This walkway symbolizes the path of life that circled the world. It is believed that the faithful are
transported from the real world and its distractions to the comfort of the spiritual world as they stroll slowly
while contemplating on the holy relic within the shrine. In this way they can achieve the enlightened state,
also as a way to move even closer to nirvana.
Symbolism in Buddhist Art

The intricate carvings and sculptures that can be found in the shrines were intended to remind
worshippers of Buddha's teachings and aid them in meditation. No figure of Buddha, homes can be found in
the shrine. His presence is only implied by symbols such as an empty throne, the Bodhi tree (the tree under
which he sat when meditating), and his footprints. use of symbols to represent the Buddha reflects the belief
in the teacher who had attained nirvana. There was, for the Buddhist, nothing to which such a person could be
compared. These symbols were used to teach and emphasize the doctrines of Buddhism.
Stupa at Sanchi is identified as the greatest of the early constructed Buddhist shrines, while the cave at
Karli is thought to be the finest of cave temples. By the second and first centuries BC, these cave structures
had advanced far beyond the earlier efforts at the Lomas Rishi Cave. At Karli, an elaborate exterior was
carefully carved out of a stone cliff. This hall is divided into three aisles by rows of closely spaced columns
topped with male and female riders astride elephants. These columns lead up to a round a stupa, forming the
pathway Buddhists follow when meditating. A large window above the main entrance allows light to enter in,
dramatically illuminating the interior of the stupa. Walking along the main central aisle toward the sunlit
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stupa, worshippers believe that they are moving away from the harsh actualities of the world and, with each
step, closer and closer to spiritual enlightenment.
Buddhist Sculpture
Early Buddhist relief sculptures depicted scenes in the life of the Buddha. An example from a Stupa
erected in the second century BC, shows the •Buddha being visited by a king. As in all early Buddhist art, the
Buddha is represented only by a symbol—here by a wheel placed on an otherwise empty throne. To the
faithful, the wheel had several meanings. These include the circle of life, maturity, and death associated with
each reincarnation—all leading to Nirvana. By the end of the first century AD, modifications had taken place
in the Buddhist religion. As a result, artists began to represent Buddha in human form.
Hindu Sculpture and Architecture

The Gupta period is considered as the Golden Age of India. During this period, India glowed with
magnificent cultural achievements and this can also be evident with their art. Sculptures were crafted
suggesting great power with a great feeling of inner peace. Images of Buddha seated cross-legged in
meditation were perfected at this time. These became the copies that sculptors used to depict the Buddha
throughout Asia. Nothing remains of monumental Hindu architecture before the fourth century AD. Some
Hindu architects began to follow the example of Buddhist builders, carving their temples in caves.
Meanwhile, others began erecting their temples of stone. One of the earliest examples is a 16t century temple
in north central India constructed during the Gupta era. Like all Hindu temples, this building was never
intended to accommodate large numbers of worshippers. It is only intended to serve as a residence for the god
Vishnu. Inside the temple, you can find a sanctuary lined with thick, solid walls and a heavy ceiling. Ihe
Hindu temple was meant to be seen from the outside and appreciated. Some exterior walls contain relief
panels, but these only hint at the ornate carvings that characterized later Hindu temples.
Symbolism in Indian Art

This work echoes the Hindu belief that the human spirit is born again after death, taking on a new form
that reflects the state of perfection achieved in previous lives.
1. multiple arms serve a dual purpose. They not only emphasize the god's graceful movements but also
permit him to hold several symbolic objects.
2. His hand grasps a drum symbolizing creation.
3. In this hand, he holds the flame of destruction.
4. He raises this hand to protect the faithful.
5. This hand points gracefully to his upraised left foot, which symbolizes escape from ignorance
represented by the small figure he crushes beneath his right foot.
Rangoli
Rangoli is a centuries-old traditional Indian art in which patterns are created to decorate floors and
walls of homes and temples using colored rice, dry flour, colored sand, or flower petals. This art is usually
made during Diwali and other Indian festivals related to Hinduism. More than its decorative function, the
Rangoli is believed to bring good luck. It is both a tradition and an art form that has survived through
centuries, with treasured designs being passed down from generation to generation. Designs were unique to
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each area and were usually based on local beliefs and practices. Geometric and floral shapes are usually the
most dominant features of every design.
Architecture
Of the many glorious achievements of India in the field of art, few can com. pare to the magnificence
and splendor of two of its architectural feats—the 11th century Kandariya Mahadeva Hindu Temple (1017-
29) and the 17th century Taj Mahal (1632-54). Located in Madhya Pradesh in central India, Kandariya is part
of the medieval Khajuraho Group of Monuments—a UNESCO World Heritage Site made up of some 20
Hindu and Jain Shrines. It is the largest of these temples and the most ornate, standing 31 meters tall, a super
structure built in the shape of a mountain. It has richly decorated roofs and 84 miniature spires. The entire
structure is embellished with elaborate relief sculptures.
The famous Taj Mahal in the city of Agra, is one of the major structures constructed with Islamic
influences. It was commissioned by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in 1632 to house the remains of his
cherished wife, Mumtaz Mahal. It took more than 20 years to complete in its entirety—a 17-hectare
mausoleum complex, which includes a mosque, a guesthouse, and formal gardens. shimmering white marble
structure was inlaid with semi-precious stones including jade, amethyst, and turquoise creating intricate
patterns in the Pietra dura or parchinkari technique. This is a mode of ornamentation in which precisely cut
and fitted stones are laid in sockets prepared on the marble surface. The Taj Mahal became a UNESCO World
Heritage Site in 1983. Today, it is one of the most celebrated structures in the world and is one of the most
popular cultural icons of India's rich and vibrant history.
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MODULE 01 ACTIVITY
Explanation
(20 points each item)
DIRECTION: In your own words, explain and discuss the following topics briefly. Use example or make a judgment
about its strengths and weaknesses. Your answers on EACH ITEM must consist of a minimum of 300 words. Write
your answers in your activity notebook.
1. How has religion influence Indian Art?
2. Which of the following facts above fascinated you the most? Why?
Score Criteria
Focus on the theme from
Language is mostly artistic
beginning to end;
and imaginative; use of No spelling, grammar
20 purpose for writing is
figures of speech and and usage errors detected
evident with the goal in
imagery is evident.
mind
Focus on the theme is lost Some language is artistic
One or two spelling,
at some point; purpose and imaginative; there are
19-11 grammar and usage
for writing is evident some figures of speech and
errors detected
with the goal in mind imagery used
Focus on the theme is lost
Several spelling
at some point ; purpose One or two artistic or
10-1 grammar and usage
for writing is evident imaginative language used
errors detected
with unclear target goal
11
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MODULE 01 PERFORMANCE TASK

GENERAL INSTRUCTION: Read and understand the direction carefully. Place your work in 1/8 size
illustration board covered with plastic cover.
MANDALA
(100 points)
RUBRICS
Over all presentation (Neatness and order) 30
Content and Work Ethics TASK: 30
Artistic
A mandala is often a circular symbol Hindu and Buddhist symbol which represents the universe. It20
Perspective and Judgement
Creativity
literally and "circle"
means Skill in Sanskrit language. Mandala is also defined as a circle of life that maps all 20
the
TOTAL universal energies in their interplay of forces. 100
Create your own designed mandala. Use a compass to make perfect circles. Remember that you must
feature the significance and relationship of objects in the universe in a symbolic manner.
Tips: Do it using a watercolor resist technique, wherein the patterns and outline of your mandala is
made using crayon and the rest of the colors will be applied using watercolor.
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8 Mape Module 1 Final

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Colegio de Santa Rita de San Carlos, Inc.

AUGUSTINIAN RECOLLECT SISTERS

MUSIC, ARTS & PHYSICAL EDUCATION 8

WRITE YOUR ANSWERS IN YOUR ACTIVITY

KINDLY READ THIS!

PART 1: INDIAN CARNATIC MUSIC

PART 1: THE VIBRANT CULTURE OF

The Rise of the Hinduism And Buddhism

Symbolism in Buddhist Art

Hindu Sculpture and Architecture

Symbolism in Indian Art

MODULE 01 PERFORMANCE TASK

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