Q1. a)Define Ekistics.

b)what is the target to build the city according to Ekistics.

ANS:-
(a) Ekistics involves the
descriptive study of all kinds of human
settlements and the formulation of
general conclusions aimed at achieving
harmony between the inhabitants of a
settlement and their physical and
sociocultural environments.
In order to create the cities of the
future, we need to systematically
develop a science of human
settlement
This science termed as Estistics
will take into the consideration the
principles man takes into account
when building his settlements as
well as the evolution of human
settlement through history in terms
of size and quality.

(b) Target to build the city according to Ekistics.

The target is to build the city
of optimum size which respect human
dimensions. Since there is no point in
resisting development, we should try to
accommodate technological evolution and the needs of man within the
settlement.

Q2. Write 5 principles given by C.A Doxiadis.

ANS:- In shaping his settlements, man has
always acted in obedience to five
principles.
First principle:
The first principle is maximization of
man's potential contacts with the
elements of nature (such as water and
trees), with other people, and with the
works of man (such as buildings and
roads). This, after all, amounts to an
operational definition of personal
human freedom. It is in accordance with
this principle that man abandoned the
Garden of Eden and is today attempting
to conquer the cosmos. It is because of
this principle that man considers
himself imprisoned, even if given the
best type of environment, if he is
surrounded by a wall without doors. In
this, man differs from animals; we do
not know of any species of animals that
try to increase their potential contacts
with the environment once they have
reached the optimum number of
contacts. Man alone always seeks to
increase his contacts.The second principle:
It is minimization of the effort required
for the achievement of man's actual and
potential contacts. He always gives his
structures the shape, or selects the
route, that requires the minimum effort,
no matter whether he is dealing with the
floor of a room, which he tends to make
horizontal, or with the creation of a
highway.
The third principle:
It is optimization of man's protective
space, which means the selection of
such a distance from other persons,
animals, or objects that he can keep his
contacts with them (first principle)
without any kind of sensory or
psychological discomfort. This has to
be true at every moment and in every
locality, whether it is temporary or
permanent and whether man is alone or
part of a group. This has been
demonstrated very well, lately, for the
single individual, by anthropologists
such as E. T. Hall
The fourth principle:
It is optimization of the quality of man's
relationship with his environment, which
consists of nature, society, shells (buildings and houses of all sorts), and
networks (ranging from roads to
telecommunications) (Fig. 2). This is the
principle that leads to order,
physiological and aesthetic, and that
influences architecture and, in many
respects, art.
Fifth principle:
This is the fifth principle, man organizes
his settlements in an attempt to achieve
an optimum synthesis of the other four
principles, and this optimization is
dependent on time and space, on actual
conditions, and on man's ability to
create a synthesis. When he has
achieved this by creating a system of
floors, walls, roofs, doors, and windows
which allows him to maximize his
potential contacts (first principle) while
minimizing the energy expended
(second principle) and at the same time
makes possible his separation from
others (third principle) and the
desirable relationship with his
environment (fourth principle), we
speak of "successful human
settlements". What we mean is
settlements that have achieved a
balance between man and his manmade environment, by complying with
all five principles.

Q3. What are the 3 disciplines given by Le Corbusier for planning a

city Chandi Garh.

ANS:-
Following are the three
disciplines given by Le Corbusier for
planning a city “Chandi Garh”:
The discipline of Money
The discipline of technology
The discipline of Climate

Q4. What is the sector in the planning a city “Chandi Garh”.

ANS:-
TAKING CHANDIGARH AS AN
EXAMPLE WE MUST SEE AT ONCE THE
DEMOCRATIC IDEA WHICH ALLOWS US
TO DEVOTE AN EQUAL CARE TO
HOUSING ALL CLASSES OF SOCIETY
TO SEK NEW SOCIAL GROUPINGS,
NEW PATTERNS OF EDUCATION
EACH SECTOR IS
DESIGNATED BY
NUMBER,THE CAPITAL
COMPLEX BEING NUMBER
1,WITH THE REMAINING
SECTORS NUMBERED
CONSECUTIVELY BEGINNING
AT THE NORTH CORNER OF
THE CITY.
AT PRESENT THERE ARE 30
SECTORS IN
CHANDIGARH,OF WHICH 24 #.
\.
ARE RESIDENTIAL.
THE SECTORS AT THE UPPER
EDGE OF THE CITY ARE OF
ABBREVIATED SIZE.
4. IN ALL TYPE OF
HOUSING ,PARTLY BECAUSE OF
THE GLAZING EXPENSE,PARTLY TO
KEEP OUT SUN.
5. AS THE MOST ECONOMICAL
AND READILY AVAILABLE
MATERIAL FOR BUILDING AT
CHANDIGARH WAS LOCALLY
MADE BRICK.
6. THIS BECAME THE MATERIAL
OF CONSTRUCTION.
7. THE FLAT ROOF WAS
EMPLOYED THROUGH OUT IN
CHANDIGARH HOUSING BECAUSE
OF ITS USEFULNESS AS A
SLEEPING AREA
8. 70% OF THE BUILDING
WOULD BE PRIVATE IN ALL THE
SECTORS.
9. RESIDENTIAL PLOTS RANGING
IN DIMENSIONS FROM 75 SQ. YARDS
TO 5000 SQ YARDS.
Q5. What is the hierarchical concept in communities , land users and
transportation systems in the planning of Islamabad city.

ANS:-
Islamabad is planned according to a hierarchical system of comunities
of various classes each class
compromising the function according to
its size
These communities are properly served
by a major transportation system
developed within wide corridors of a
grid iron configuration surrounding and
defining the higher class communities
Local and collector low speed roads
within the lower class "human
communities" provide access to the
major transportation system
The figure gives a schematic
representation of four class V
communities
Each V class community have a
population of 20,000 to 40,000
inhabitants.
Class V communities are spatially
defined and accessed by major arteries
at 2 km intervals
Short length minor arteries are spaced
at above 1km distance
By the extensive use of cul-de-sacs and
loops cars can be move inside these
human communities without interfering
with pedestrians.