SMVP Training of Trainers Virtual Class

BASIC FIRE SAFETY

FIRE PROTECTION AND CONTROL RULE 1940

Jason C Haya, MIIRSM

HSE Manager – Angkan ni Rajah Humabon

House Rules
1. Please keep your mobile phone in silent mode
2. If you have anything to clarify, raise your hand.
3. There will be 15 minute break
4. Comfort Rooms access anytime for nature’s call
5. Emergency
Objectives:
At the end of the training, the participants will
be:

- To understand the basics of fire

- To know how to respond in case of fire

- To identify what type of fire extinguisher to

use in case of fire at incipient stage

- To use Fire Extinguisher properly

Rule 1941 - General Provision
1. All buildings for occupancy used shall be located in areas provided by applicable
zoning regulations of the locality
2. Specific standards in design and construction, occupancy and use of buildings and
facilities shall be those prescribed by the Building Code of the Philippines

3. Fire tests building materials and fire protection equipment used in any place of
employment shall be those provided for the Fire Code of the Philippines
4. Standards for the design and installation of indoor, outdoor general storage,
sprinkler system and fire protection system shall be those provided for by Chapter
9 of the Philippine Society of Mechanical Engineers (PSME) Code
Rule 1942 – Definitions
FIRE RATING
- The time duration that a material withstand a
standard fire exposure test
Rule 1942 – Definitions
FLASH POINT
- the minimum temperature in degrees at which
material will give off flammable vapor
Rule 1942 – Definitions
WOOD FRAME CONSTRUCTION
- a construction in which wooden frame-work forms
the structural support for enclosure walls, floors
and doors.
SLOW BURNING CONSTRUCTION
- a construction consisting of substantial masonry
walls and heavy timber interior

FIRE RESITANT CONSTRUCTION

- a construction in which all walls, partitions, floors,
stairs, roofs, window frames and sashes, doors and
other interior finishes, consist of fire resistant materials
designed to withstand, without collapsed during
burning of the contents of the building for a specified
time
Basic Understanding of FIRE

WHAT IS FIRE?
- Rapid oxidation of matter accompanied by heat or flame

- A rapid chemical reaction that gives off energy and

products of combustion that are very different in
composition from the fuel and oxygen that combine
to produce them
- A chemical reaction that occurs,
when fuel, air and a source of
ignition are brought together at the
same time in proper proportions
FIRE TRIANGLE

TETRAHEDRON
CLASSESS OF FIRE

CLASS A - Ordinary combustible materials

like wood, paper, rubber,
fabrics, and many plastics.

CLASS B - Flammable liquids and

gases like gasoline, oils,
paints, lacquer and tar
CLASSESS OF FIRE

CLASS C - Fires involving live electrical

equipment.
CLASS D - Combustible metals or
combustible metal alloys such
as magnesium, titanium,
zirconium

CLASS K - Fires involve combustible

cooking media like
vegetable or animal oils and
fats
Let’s Review: Classes of Fire:

CEILING

STALAGMITES STALACTITES

GROUND
Let’s Review: Classes of Fire:

A BO B ULA

C URYENTE
K USINA

D Di mo alam
Di mo kilala
Di ka sure
CLASSESS OF FIRE: UK
RULE 1943 Building Construction and
Facilities Requirement
1943.02 Segregation
- Processes involving serious explosions and flash-fire hazards shall be
located in segregated buildings and only a minimum number of workers
required in the process shall be allowed inside at any given time.

1943.03 Exits
- At least two exits shall be provided in every floor and basement
of every workplace and capable of clearing the work area in 5
minutes
- On every floor, except the ground floor, one of the exits shall lead
to an inside stairway or smoke proof tower, while the other exits
shall lead inside stairways, smoke-proof towers or horizontal
exits
- Safe, continuous and unobstructed passageways with a minimum
width of at least one meter
RULE 1943 Building Construction
and Facilities Requirement
1943.04 Stairways
- stairs, platforms, stairways and landings in buildings of any type of
construction over three stories in height used as fire exits shall be
constructed of incombustible materials
- All stairs used as fire exits shall lead directly to the street or through fire
resistant passages..
- All approaches to fire exits shall be cleared of any obstruction and
properly marked to make clear direction of egress clear.
1943.05 Fire Doors
- Stairway enclosures, fire exits and partitions shall be provided with
fire doors of the self closing type and easily open from either side
- Doors swinging on both sides, vertical sliding doors, rolling shutters
and revolving doors shall not be allowed as exits
- Doors leading into out of any building shall not be locked or
fastened during the period of occupancy
RULE 1944 Fire Fighting Facilities
1944.02 Water Supply
- Where connection from a public water supply system is not
available, an adequate private supply reservoir capable of
supplying all fire fighting systems for eight hours
- Supply system, including tanks or reservoir or pumps, shall be
located and protected their operations or sue will not be
impaired by fire in the workplace.

1944.03 Hydrants
- Hydrants shall be of the same types and sizes as those used by the
local public fire department and located or protected that they will
not be exposed to mechanical damage from vehicles

1944.04 Hoses
- Hose couplings, outside hydrants or standing nipples shall be of
the same types and sizes as those used by the local public fire
department
- Hose shall be thoroughly drained and dried after each sue and
tested frequent intervals or at least once every 4 months
1944.05 Portable Extinguisher

What is the suitable fire extinguisher for

certain type of fire?
What is the suitable distance
of each fire extinguisher?
How to properly inspect fire
extinguisher and frequency of
inspection?
Do fire extinguishers expire?
Types Portable Extinguisher
Fire Extinguisher Types (3/6)
MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL

A
A
Trash Wood Paper
Trash Wood Paper
• Class “A”, “B”, or “C” fires.
• 2.5-20 lb. dry chemical (ammonium
phosphate) pressurized to 50-200 psi
by nitrogen gas (8-25 seconds
B
B Liquids Grease
Liquids Grease discharge time).
• Has pressure gauge to allow visual
capacity check.
C
C Electrical Equipment
Electrical Equipment
• 5-20 ft. maximum effective range.
• Extinguishes by smothering burning
materials.
Types Portable Extinguisher

PRESSURIZED WATER
• Class “A” fires only.
A
Trash Wood
Paper Paper

• 2.5 gal. water at 150-175 psi (up to 1

A Trash Wood

minute discharge time).

• Has pressure gauge to allow visual
B
B Liquids Grease
Liquids Grease
capacity check.
• 30-40 ft. maximum effective range.
• Can be started and stopped as
necessary.
C

• Extinguishes by cooling, burning

C Electrical Equipment
Electrical Equipment

material below the ignition point.

Types Portable Extinguisher
Fire Extinguisher Types (2/6)
CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)
• Class “B” or “C” fires.
• 2.5-100 lb. of CO2 gas at 150-200 psi
A
A Trash
Trash WoodWood
Paper Paper

(8-30 seconds discharge time).

• Has NO pressure gauge--capacity
B
B
Liquids Grease verified by weight.
Liquids Grease
• 3-8 ft. maximum effective range.
• Extinguishes by smothering burning
materials.
C Electrical Equipment
• Effectiveness decrease as temperature
C Electrical Equipment

of burning material increases.

Types Portable Extinguisher
Fire Extinguisher Types (4/6)
HALON • Class “A”, “B”, or “C” fires (smaller sizes ineffective
against Class “A”).
• 9-17 lb. Halon 1211 (pressurized liquid) released as
A
Trash Wood Paper
vapor (8-18 seconds discharge time).
A Trash Wood Paper

• Has pressure gauge to allow visual capacity check.

• 9-16 ft. maximum effective range.
• Works best in confined area--ideal for electronics fire
B
B Liquids
Liquids GreaseGrease
due to lack of residue.
• Extinguishes by smothering burning materials.
• Fumes toxic if inhaled.
Electrical Equipment
• Halon is ozone depleting chemical--production halted
C
C Electrical Equipment
in Jan ‘94.
Types Portable Extinguisher
Fire Extinguisher Types (5/6)
COMBUSTIBLE METAL
• Class “D” combustible metal fires only.
• 30 lb. pressurized dry powder optimized for
specific combustible metal (also available in
bulk containers for hand scooping onto fire to
extinguish).
• 6-8 ft. maximum effective range.
• To activate, must first open nitrogen cylinder
on back to pressurize body.
COMBUSTIBLE • Extinguishes by smothering, burning
materials.
D
METALS
Types Portable Extinguisher
Fire Extinguisher Types (6/6)
WET CHEMICAL
AA Trash
Trash Wood
Wood Paper
Paper
• Class “A”, “C”, and “K” fires.
• 1.5 gal. of stored pressure PRX
wet chemical extinguishing agent
C
C
Electrical Equipment
Electrical Equipment
(40 sec. discharge time).
• 10-12 ft. maximum effective range.
• On Class “K” fires, don’t use until
fixed extinguishing system has
K Cooking Media activated.
• Extinguishes by cooling and
forming foam blanket to prevent
re-ignition.
FIRE EXTINGUISHER INSPECTION
Locking Mechanism
Trigger
Pressure Indicator
Handle

Cylinder

Nozzle
FIRE EXTINGUISHER PLACEMENT AND DISTRIBUTION
Rule 1944.05 Item 3:
Class A - person will not travel 30m (light hazards)
- person will not travel 15m (moderate hazards)
Class B - 2.7 kg dry chemicals every 60 sq. meters
Class C - size and location depends on the presence of
Class A or B hazards.

over 40 lbs. should 40 lbs. under

at least 4 inches should not be
not be more than
from the floor
3.5 ft. NFPA 10 6.1.3.8 more than 5 ft.
FIRE EXTINGUISHER EXPIRATION?
Manufacturers would always say that a
Fire Extinguisher should work for 5 to 15
years.

Most Fire Fighting Authorities would

recommend to check pressure gauges
regularly or on monthly basis

RULE 1944.05 last paragraph clearly states

that:

“Extinguishers shall be HYDROSTATICALLY

tested before use and periodically tested
at least 5 YEARS or as may be required by
the enforcing authority when inspection
indicate the need for such examination…
HOW DO FIRE SPREAD?

CONVECTION CONDUCTION RADIATION

DIRECT BURNING
Convection is defined as the transmission of heat within a liquid or gas and is due to their
difference in density. Heated liquid or gas expands and becomes lighter, thereby becoming
displaced by their heavier counterpart. When this happens, oxygen is drawn in, further
inciting the chemical chain reactions.
Conduction is the transmission of heat through materials. When there is
sufficient heat present, it may be enough to ignite fuel through other objects.
Combustible materials, for example, are most susceptible to heat
transmissions.

Radiation is the transmission of heat by waves travelling until heat is

absorbed by other objects. An example of this would be a bar heater or
open fireplace radiating onto a drying rack or curtain.

Direct Burning is the simplest way to spread fire:

direct application.
CONTAINING FIRE

STARVING:
removing SMOTHERING:
fuel source removing
oxygen
INHIBITING:
Breaking the chemical
reaction by applying
fire retardant chemical

HEAT

COOLING:
removing the
heat
STAGES OF FIRES:
STAGES OF FIRES: incipient
• It is the stage where anyone in the workforce can
utilize the fire
• It is the Stage that a Fire can be deplete using
conventional fire Extinguishers or Waters.
• It is the stage that the need for PPE for fire fighting
is not required (such as SCBA and Fire Suits)
• Fire is not on a large quantity
STAGES OF FIRES: growth
•The growth stage is where the structures fire load and
oxygen are used as fuel for the fire. Self-sustaining
•There are numerous factors affecting the growth stage
including where the fire started, what combustibles are
near it, ceiling height and the potential for “thermal
layering”.
•It is during this shortest of the 4 stages when a deadly
“flashover” can occur; potentially trapping, injuring or killing
firefighters.
STAGES OF FIRES: fully developed

•When the growth stage has reached its maximum

•all combustible materials have been ignited.

•This is the hottest phase of a fire and the most

dangerous for anybody trapped within.
STAGES OF FIRES: decay
During the final stages of fire, a flame will enter the
decay phase.
• This stage occurs after the fully developed flame
starts to run out of fuel or oxygen.
• The decay stage is reducing the oxygen supply with
firefighting equipment.
• during this phase that it has to limit the fire’s access
to combustible material and oxygen.
• Even if a fire appears to be out, there is a chance
of reigniting when the right materials are available.
REMEMBER:

Respond and try to put off fire only Make sure you know how to
at the incipient stage use the fire extinguisher
RULE 1948: Alarm Systems and Fire Drills
RULE 1948: Alarm Systems and Fire Drills
RULE 1948: Alarm Systems and Fire Drills
PAALALA:
Any Questions
mga Amigos?
Amiga?

daghang salamat!!