Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dedication: Table of Contents
Dedication: Table of Contents
This report is dedicated to God and The sweet Holy spirit For continues guidance and
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to express my sincere gratitude to God Almighty for his grace and favour all
through my life.
I am so grateful to Engineer Barida Ngidi and the entire staff of pHED workshop Trans
My regards to my amazing parents Mr and Mrs Martins Deybo for their support, may
Table of contents
1.About transformer
Parts.
Classification.
Principle of operation.
Types of transformer.
Losses in transformer.
Transformer.
Definition of transformer.
A transformer is a static machine Used for transforming power From one circuit to
Generation of electrical voltage is very much cost effective. Hence, electrical power is
generated in low voltage. Theoretically, this low voltage can be transmitted to the
receiving end. But if the voltage level of the transformer is increased, The current of the
power is reduced which causes reduction in the ohmic or l 2R losses in mythe system,
reduction in the cross sectional area of the conductor Because of these, tolow-level power
must be step up for the electrical power transmission. this is done by step up transformer
at the sending side of the power system network. As this high-voltage power may not be
distributed to the consumers directly, this must be stepped down to the desired level at the
receiving end with the help of step down transformer. These are the uses of electrical
parts of transformer
The following are the basic component of transformer
1. Laminated core
2. Windings
3. Insulating materials
4. Transformer oil
5. Tap changer
6. Breather
7. Cooling tubes
8. Buchholz Relay
9. Explosion vent
Of the above-mentioned first four can be seen in almost all the transformers whereas the
CORE
Core is used to support the windings in the transformer. it also provides a low reluctance
path to the flow of magnetic flux. it is made up of laminated soft iron core in order to
reduce Eddy current loss and hysteresis loss. The composition of a transformer core
depends on such factors as voltage, current and frequency. diameter of the transformer
core is directly proportional to copper loss and inversely proportional to the iron loss if
diameter of the core is decrease, the height of the steel in the core is reduced which leads
to less core loss of transformer and the copper loss increase. The vice versa happen when
There are two windings wound over the transformer core which are insulated from each
other. windings consist of several turns of copper coils bundled together and each bundles are
the multiple of the number of turns in the low voltage windings it has copper Coils
Low voltage windings has lesser number of turns than that of the high voltage
the low of voltage windings is higher than that of high voltage windings.
requirement.
Transformer oil.
Transformer oil performs two important functions of insulation has where has cooling for the
core and coil assemblycoil and windings of the transformer must be completely immersed in
the oil normally hydrocarbon mineral oil are used as transformer oil oil contamination is a
serious problem because it rubs its dielectric properties and renders it useless as an insulating
medium.
Insulating oil
normally have obtained by fractional distillation and subsequent treatment of crude petroleum
that is why this oil is also known as mineral insulating transformer oil serves mainly two
purposes one in one it is liquid insulation in electrical power transformer and 28 dissipate