Research Methods in Human Resource Management: 2 Edition

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Research Methods in Human

Resource Management
2nd Edition

Valerie Anderson

Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development


LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES ix

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xiii

PART l INTRODUCTION l

Chapter 1 The nature of research in HR, and how to use this book 3
Using this book 3
What is research in HR? 6
The research process 9
What kind of researcher are you? 14
Requirements for student projects 20
The links between change and research in organisations 21
Summary 27
Review questions 28
Explore further 30
PART 2 PLANNING 31

Chapter 2 First stages in the HR project 33


How to use this chapter 33
Deciding what to research 35
Establishing the focus of the project 39
Research questions or research objectives? 43
Approaches to research 45
Research design issues 50
Case study research 53
Action research 56
Comparative research strategy 59
Access to data 62
Access as an insider 63
Final preparations: project planning 64
Summary 67
Review questions 68
Explore further 69
Chapter Ethics and HR research . 70
How to use this chapter , 70
What are ethics, and why are they an issue for HR research? 71
Ethics, professionalism and the HR researcher jy
Ethical issues 80
Ethical issues for Internet-based research 88
Research Methods in Human Resource Management

The positive features of ethical assessment processes 89


Summary 92
Review questions 92
Explore further 94
Chapter 4 Reviewing and evaluating existing knowledge 95
How to use this chapter 95
Why read, when to read, and what to read 97
Different types of literature 99
Searching for and finding appropriate literature sources 101
Evaluating your sources 111
Reading the literature and making notes 112
Evaluation and analysis 114
The structure of the literature review 121
Referencing your work 125
Summary 129
Review questions 130
Explore further 131
Chapter 5 Approaches to gathering data in HR research 132
How to use this chapter 132
Qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods research 134
Mixed-methods research 139
Research approach and the role of theory 141
Data quality issues 149
Planning to gather data 151
Writing up the methodology 153
Summary , 154
Review questions 155
Explore further 156
PART3 ACTING AND OBSERVING 157

Chapter 6 Finding and using documentary and organisational evidence 159


How to use this chapter 159
Different forms of documentary evidence 161
Using data from organisational management information
systems 164
Finding and selecting documents for analysis 166
Making sense of documentary evidence 171
Summary 175
Review questions 176
Explore further 177
Chapter 7 Collecting and recording qualitative data 178
How to use this chapter 178
Contents

The use and importance of qualitative data in HR research 180


Observation and participation 181
Data from individuals 186
Focus groups 198
Sample selection for qualitative research 201
Making sense of the data 204
Summary 204
Review questions 206
Explore further 207

Chapter 8 Analysing qualitative data 208


How to use this chapter 208
The process of qualitative analysis 210
Data display and analysis 224
Evaluating explanations and formulating conclusions 230
The use of software for qualitative data analysis 234
Data management features 235
Writing up the analysis 237
Summary 238
Review questions 239
Explore further 240

Chapter 9 Collecting and recording quantitative data 241


How to use this chapter 241
The uses of quantitative data in HR research 244
Where does quantitative data come from? 246
Undertaking your own survey 249
Administering surveys 266
Collecting, organising and presenting quantitative data 270
First-level data analysis 278
Summary 280
Review questions 281
Explore further 282

Chapter 10 Analysing quantitative data and formulating conclusions 283


How to use this chapter 283
Down to basics: quantitative data expressions in plain
English 286
An analysis routemap 289
Tests of association and tests of difference 291
Tests of correlation 298
Factor analysis 302
Analysing data to answer research questions 311
Summary 313
Review questions 314
Research Methods in Human Resource Management

Explore further 315


PART 4 REFLECTION 317

Chapter 11 Communicating your research 319


How to use this chapter 319
Why, what, when, and for whom to write 321
Structuring and organising your writing 328
Approaching the submission date 340
Communicating what you have learned 342
Summary 348
Review questions 349
Explore further 350
Chapter 12 Final reflections 351
How to use this chapter 351
HR research-why bother? 354
Bridging theory and practice in HR 358
The future of HR research 359
Developing practitioner-researchers in HR 359
Summary 360
Review questions 361

References 362
Index 379

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