大體解剖單字表(期中)

考試可縮寫名詞
Artery a. vein v.
Nerve n. Muscle m.
Anterior ant. Posterior post.
Medial med. Lateral lat.
Middle mid. Cranial nerve CN II
Left L. Right R.
Superior sup. Inferior inf.
External ext. Internal int.
Flexor flex. Extensor exten.
Adduction add. Abduction abd.

第一次 PPT 考範圍-骨學、背部、上肢

第一次解剖跑考範圍-骨學、背部、上肢、胸部、腹部

A. 背部
a.骨學--脊柱(vertebral column)

(1.)頸椎(cervical vertebra)
上/下關節突 sup./inf. articular process 頸動脈結節 carotid tubercle；C6
橫突 transverse process 脊椎隆凸 vertebra prominence；C7
橫突孔 transverse foramen 寰椎 atlas
椎孔 vertebral foramen 側塊 lateral mass
棘突 spinous process 前/後弓 ant./post. arch
椎板 lamina 椎動脈溝 groove of the vertebral a.
椎根 pedicle 前/後結節 ant./post. tubercle
椎弓 vertebral arch 齒狀突面 facet for dens
椎體 vertebral body 樞椎 axis
椎間盤 intervertebral disc 齒狀突 dens/odontoid process

(2.)胸椎(thoracic vertebra)
上/下關節突 sup./inf. articular process 椎根 pedicle
橫突 transverse process 椎弓 vertebral arch
椎孔 vertebral foramen 椎體 vertebral body
棘突 spinous process 肋(關節)面 costal facet
椎板 lamina 半關節面 demifacet
 (3.)腰椎(lumbar vertebra)
上/下關節突 sup./inf. articular process 椎根 pedicle
橫突 transverse process 椎弓 vertebral arch
椎孔 vertebral foramen 椎體 vertebral body
棘突 spinous process 副突 accessory process
椎板 lamina 乳突 mammillary process

(4.)薦椎
薦管 sacral canal 內側嵴 medial sacral crest
薦孔 sacral foramen 外側嵴 lateral sacral crest
薦胛 sacral promontory 薦管裂孔 sacral hiatus
薦骨尖 apex of the sacrum 薦骨角 sacral cornua
正中薦脊 median sacral crest 耳狀面 auricular surface

(5.)尾骨 (coccyx)
(6.)椎管暴露結構
蜘蛛膜 arachnoid mater 脊髓 spinal cord
蜘蛛膜下腔 subarachnoid space 腦脊髓液 cerebrospinal fluid；CSF
棘上(間)韌帶 supraspinous(interspinous) 腰池 lumbar cistern
ligaments
黃韌帶 ligament flava 脊髓圓錐 medullary cone
前/後縱韌帶 ant./post. longitudinal ligaments 終絲 terminal filum
硬脊膜 dura mater 馬尾 cauda equina
硬脊膜下腔 subdural space 軟脊膜 pia mater
齒狀韌帶 denticulate ligament

b.肌肉
外在肌群 extrinsic back m. 髂肋肌 iliocostalis m.
胸鎖乳突肌 sternocleidomastoid m. 最長肌 longissimus m.
斜方肌 trapezius m. 棘肌 spinalis m.
闊背肌 latissimus dorsi m. 大/小後頭直肌 rectus capitis posterior
major/minor m.
提肩胛肌 levator scapulae m. 頭上/下斜肌 obliquus capitis
superior/inferior m.
大/小菱形肌 rhomboid major/minor m. 頭夾肌 splenius capitis m.
後上/下鋸肌 serratus posterior superior/inferior 頭半棘肌 semispinalis capitis m.
m.
棘上/下肌 supraspinatus m. 棘下肌 infraspinatus m.
頸半棘肌 semispinalis cervicis m.
c.神經
枕下神經 suboccipital n.(C1) 副神經 accessory n.
大耳神經 great auricular n. 胸背神經 thoracodorsal n.
枕大神經 greater occipital n. (C2) 背肩胛神經 dorsal scapular n.
枕小神經 lesser occipital n.

d.血管
胸背動脈 thoracodorsal a. 椎動脈 vertebral a.
橫頸動脈的深/ deep/superficial branch of the
淺分支 transverse cervical a.

e.其他
胸腰筋膜 thoracolumbar fascia 枕下三角 suboccipital triangle
肱骨 humerus 肩胛棘 spine of scapula
結節間溝 intertubercular groove 肋骨角 costal angle

B. 上肢
a.骨學
(1.)肩帶(shoulder girdle)
(a.)鎖骨(clavicle)
肩峰端 acromial end 錐狀結節 conoid tubercle
胸骨端 sternal end 斜方線 trapezoid line
(b.)肩胛骨(scapula)
喙狀突 coracoids process 棘上窩 supraspinous fossa
關節盂 glenoid cavity 棘下窩 infraspinous fossa
肩胛上切跡 suprascapular notch 肩峯 acromion
肩胛下窩 subscapular fossa 肩胛棘 spine of scapula

(2.)肱骨(humerus)
肱骨頭 head of humerus 內/外上髁 med./lat. epicondyle
解剖頸 anatomical neck 橈骨窩 radial fossa
大/小結節 greater/lesser tubercle 冠狀窩 coronoid fossa
結節間溝 intertubercular groove 小頭 capitulum
外科頸 surgical neck 滑車 trochlea
三角肌粗隆 deltoid tuberosity 鷹嘴窩 olecranon fossa
螺旋溝 spiral groove

(3.)橈骨(radius)
橈骨頭 head of radius 莖突 styloid process
橈骨粗隆 radial tuberosity
 (4.)尺骨(ulna)
鷹嘴突 olecranon 橈骨切跡 radial notch
冠狀突 coronoid process 尺骨粗隆 ulnar tuberosity
滑車切跡 trochlear notch 莖突 styloid process

(5.)腕骨(carpus)
舟狀骨 scaphoid 大菱形骨 trapezium
月狀骨 lunate 小菱形骨 trapezoid
三角骨 triquetral；triquetrum 頭狀骨 capitate
豆狀骨 pisiform 鉤狀骨 hamate

(6.)掌骨(metacarpus)
(7.)指骨(phalanges)
近端指節 proximal phalanges 遠端指節 distal phalanges
中端指節 middle phalanges

b.腋部(axilla)
(1.)神經
長胸神經 long thoracic n. 胸背神經 thoracodorsal n.
內胸神經 med. pectoral n. 側胸神經 lat. pectoral n.
上肩胛下神經 sup.(upper) subscapular n. 上臂內側皮神經 med. cutaneous n. of arm
下肩胛下神經 inf.(lower) subscapular n. 前臂內側皮神經 med. cutaneous n. of forearm
尺神經 ulnar n. 肌皮神經 musculocutaneous n.
腋神經 axillary n. 橈神經 radial n.
正中神經 median n.

(2.)血管
腋動脈 axillary a. 旋肩胛動脈 circumflex scapular a.
上胸動脈 sup. thoracic a. 肩胛下動脈 subscapularis a.
胸肩峰動脈 thoracoacromial a. 前/後旋肱動脈 ant./post.circumflex humeral
a.
外胸動脈 lat. thoracic a. 頭靜脈 cephalic v.

c.肩胛區(scapular region)
(1.)肌肉
斜方肌 trapezius m. 棘上肌 supraspinatus m.
闊背肌 latissimus dorsi m. 棘下肌 infraspinatus m.
提肩胛肌 levator scapulae m. 小圓肌 teres minor m.
小菱形肌 rhomboid minor m. 大圓肌 teres major m.
大菱形肌 rhomboid major m. 三角肌 deltoid m.
 (2.)神經
肩胛上神經 suprascapular n. 腋神經 axillary n.

(3.)血管
肩胛上動脈 suprascapular a. 後旋肱動脈 post. circumflex humeral a.

d.上臂與前臂的屈肌側(含肘窩) flexor side of arm and forearm (including cubital fossa)

(1.)肌肉
肱二頭肌 biceps brachii m. 肱肌 brachialis m.
肱橈肌 brachioradialis m. 旋前圓肌 pronator teres m.
旋後肌 supinator m. 旋前方肌 pronator quadratus m.
掌長肌 palmaris longus m. 尺側屈腕肌 flexor carpi ulnaris m.
橈側屈腕肌 flex. carpi radialis m. 屈大拇指長肌 flex. pollicis longus m.
屈指淺肌 flex. digitorum superficialis m. 屈指深肌 flex. digitorum profundus m.

(2.)神經
上臂內側皮神經 med. cutaneous n. of arm 前臂內側皮神經 med. cutaneous n. of forearm
肌皮神經 musculocutaneous n. 正中神經 median n.
尺神經 ulnar n. 前骨間神經 ant. interosseous n.

(3.)血管
頭靜脈 cephalic v. 貴要靜脈 basilic v.
深肱動脈 deep brachial a. 正中肘靜脈 median cubital v.
橈側迴旋動脈 radial recurrent a. 總骨間動脈 common interosseous a.
前骨間動脈 ant. interosseous a. 後骨間動脈 post. interosseous a.

e.上臂與前臂的伸肌側(extensor side of arm and forearm)

(1.)肌肉
肱三頭肌 triceps brachii m. 肱橈肌 brachioradialis m.
橈側伸腕長肌 exten. carpi radialis longus m. 橈側伸腕短肌 exten. carpi radialis brevis m.
伸指肌 exten. digitorum m. 伸小指肌 exten. digiti minimi m.
尺側伸腕肌 exten. carpi ulnaris m. 旋後肌 supinator m.
外展大拇指長肌 abductor pollicis longus m. 伸食指肌 exten. indicis m.
伸大拇指短肌 exten. pollicis brevis m. 伸大拇指長肌 exten. pollicis longus m.

(2.)神經
橈神經 radial n. 後骨間神經 post. interosseous n.

(3.)血管
深肱動脈 deep brachial a. 後骨間動脈 post. interosseous a.
f.手部背面(dorsal side of hand)
(1.)肌肉
背側骨間肌 dorsal interosseous m.

(2.)血管
橈動脈 radial a. 背靜脈弓 dorsal venous arch

g.手部掌面(palmar side of hand)

(1.)肌肉
掌短肌 palmaris brevis m. 蚓狀肌 lumbrical m.
外展拇指短肌 abductor pollicis brevis m 屈拇指短肌 flex. pollicis brevis m
對掌拇指肌 opponens pollicis m. 內收拇指肌 adductor pollicis m.
外展小指肌 abductor digiti minimi m. 對掌小指肌 opponens digiti minimi m.
掌側骨間肌 palmar interosseous m. 屈小指短肌 flex. digiti minimi brevis m.

(2.)神經
正中神經迴返支 recurrent branch of median n. 尺神經深分支 deep branch of ulnar n.

C. 胸部
a.骨學
鎖骨 clavicle 胸骨端 sternal ending
胸鎖關節 sternoclavicular joint 肩峰端 acromial ending
肩鎖關節 acromioclavicular joint 胸骨 sternal
胸骨上切跡 suprasternal notch 胸骨角 sternal angle
劍突 xiphoid process 肋骨緣 costal margin
肋下角 subcostal angle 喙突 coracoid process
肋溝 costal groove 真/假/浮肋 true/false/floating rib
肋軟骨 costal cartilage 頸靜脈切跡 jugular notch

b.前縱膈
(1.)肌肉
胸大/小肌 pectoralis major/minor m. 三角肌 deltoid m.
前鋸肌 serratus ant. m. 外/內肋間肌 ext./int. intercostal m.
鎖骨下肌 subclavius m. 胸橫肌 transversus throacis m.

(2.)神經
肋間神經前側皮 ant. cutaneous branch of 內/外胸神經 medial/lateral pectoral n.
分支 intercostal n.
長胸神經 long thoracic n. 肋間神經 intercostal n.
鎖骨上神經 supraclavicular n. 膈神經 phrenic n.

(3.)血管
內胸動/靜脈 internal thoracic a./v. 外胸動脈 lateral thoracic a.
腋靜脈 axillary v. 頭靜脈 cephalic v.
(前)肋間動/靜脈 (ant.)intercostal a./v. 胸肩峰動/靜脈 throacoacromial a./v.
肌膈動脈 musculophrenic a. 鎖骨下動/靜脈 subclavian a./v.
腹壁上動/靜脈 sup. epigastric a./v.

(4.)其他
乳腺 mammary gland 乳腺腋尾 axillary tail
輸乳管/竇 lactiferous duct/sinus 乳房懸韌帶 suspensory ligament of the
breast
乳房後隙 retromammary space 腋窩筋膜 axillary fascia
三角肌胸大肌三 deltopectoral triangle 肋喙膜 costocoracoid membrane
角區
外肋間膜 ext. intercostal membrane 壁層胸膜 parietal pleura
胸內筋膜 endothroacic fascia 胸骨心包膜韌帶 sternopericardiac ligament
心包膜 pericardium 胸腺 thymus
氣管 trachea 食道 esophagus
胸管 thoracic duct 動脈韌帶 ligamentum arteriosum

c.心臟
(1.)血管
上/下腔靜脈 sup./inf. vena cava 肺動/靜脈 pulmonary a./v.
右冠狀動脈 R. coronary a.
邊緣支 marginal branch 後室間動脈 post. interventricular a.
心小/前靜脈 small/ant. cardiac v. 心中靜脈 mid. cardiac v.
左冠狀動脈 L. coronary a
前室間動脈 ant. interventricular a. 迴旋分支 circumflex branch
心大靜脈 great cardiac v. 對角支 diagonal branch of ant.
interventricular a.

(2.)其他
胸骨心包膜韌帶 sternopericardial ligament 橫膈心包膜韌帶 diaphragmpericardium ligament
臟層漿液性心包 visceral layer of serous 壁層漿液性心包 parietal layer of serous
膜 pericardium 膜 pericardium
纖維性心包膜 fibrous pericardium 中央腱 central tendon
心外膜 epicardium 包膜腔 pericardial cavity
心包橫/斜竇 transverse/oblique pericardial 心臟基底 base of the heart
sinus
心耳 auricle 冠狀溝 coronary sulcus
室間溝 interventricular grooves 冠狀竇 coronary sinus
界嵴 crista terminalis 腔靜脈竇 sinus venarum
梳狀肌 pectinate m. 房間膈 interatrial septum
卵圓窩 fossa ovalis 房室口 atrioventricular orifice
三/二尖瓣 tricuspid/bicuspid 室間膈 interventricular septum
(mitral) valve
心肉柱 trabeculae carneae (cordis) 房室束 atrioventricular bundle
前/中/後乳突肌 ant./med.(septal)/post. 腱索 tendinous cord
papillary m.
調節帶 moderator band 室上嵴 supraventricular crest
動脈圓錐 conus arteriosus 主/肺動脈瓣 aortic/pulmonary valve
動脈竇 aortic sinus

d.肺臟
(1.)血管
肺動/靜脈 pulmonary a./v. 上/下肺靜脈 sup./inf. pulmonary v.

(2.)壓跡(左肺)
心壓跡 cardiac impression 胸主動脈壓跡 thoracic aorta impression
主動脈弓壓跡 aortic impression 左鎖骨下動脈壓 L. subclavian impression
跡
左總頸動脈壓跡 L. common carotid impression

(3.)壓跡(右肺)
心壓跡 cardiac impression 奇靜脈壓跡 azygos impression
上/下腔靜脈壓 sup./inf. vena cava impression 食道壓跡 esophagus impression
跡

(4.)其他
臟/壁層胸膜 visceral/parietal pleurae 胸膜腔 pleura cavity
肺韌帶 pulmonary ligament 肋縱膈隱窩 costomediastinal recess
心切跡 cardiac notch 肋橫膈隱窩 costodiaphragmatic recess
肺根 root of the lung 支氣管 bronchus
水平/斜裂 horizontal/oblique fissure 小舌 lingula
肋肺面 costal surface 縱膈肺面 mediastinal surface
膈肺面 diaphragmatic surface 前/下/後緣 ant./inf./post. borders
肺門 hilum
e.後縱膈
(1.)肌肉
肋下肌 subcostal m.

(2.)神經
迷走神經 vagus n. 迷走神經幹 vagus trunk
食道神經叢 esophageal plexus 喉返神經 recurrent laryngeal n.
胸神經節 thoracic ganglia 灰/白交通支 gray/white rami communicates
大內臟神經 greater splanchnic n. 小內臟神經 lesser splanchnic n.
交感神經幹 sympathetic trunk 交感神經鏈 sympathetic chain
最小內臟神經 least splanchnic n.

(3.)血管
胸主動脈 thoracic aorta 奇靜脈 azygos v.
(副)半奇靜脈 (accessory)hemiazygos v. 食道動脈 esophageal a.
左/右肋下動/靜 L./R. subcostal a./v. 左/右後肋間靜脈 L./R. post. intercostal v.
脈
上膈動脈 sup. phrenic a. 心包膜隔動脈 pericardicophrenic a.
縱膈動脈 mediastinal a. 支氣管動脈 bronchial a.
左上肋間靜脈 L. sup.intercostal v. 主動脈弓 arch of aorta

(4.)其他
食道 esophagus 胸管 thoracic duct
乳糜池 cisterna chyli

D. 腹部
a.前腹壁
(1.)肌肉
腹直肌 rectus abdominis m. 腹橫肌 transversus abdominis m.
腹外/內斜肌 ext./int. abdominal oblique m. 錐狀肌 pyramidalis m.
提睪肌 cremaster m.

(2.)神經
肋間神經 intercostal n. 髂腹股溝神經 ilioinguinal n.
生殖股神經的生 genital branch of genitofemoral
殖支 n.

(3.)血管
腹壁上動(靜)脈 sup. epigastric a./v. 腹壁下動(靜)脈 inf. epigastric a./v.
睪丸動脈 testicular a. 蔓狀靜脈叢 pampiniform venous plexus
 (4.)其他
淺筋膜 superficial 淺腹股溝淋巴節 superficial inguinal lymph
nodes
深膜層 deep membranous layer； 淺脂層 superficial fatty layer；
scarpa’s fascia camper’s fascia
腹直肌鞘 rectus sheath 腱劃 tendinous intersection
腹直肌鞘前壁 ant. wall of rectus sheath 腹直肌鞘後壁 post. wall of rectus sheath
腹白線 linea alba 半月線 semilunar line
弓狀線 arcuate line 腹股溝管 inguinal canal
淺腹股溝環 superficial inguinal ring 深腹股溝環 deep inguinal ring
腹股溝韌帶 inguinal ligament 腹橫筋膜 transversalis fascia
精索 spermatic cord 子宮圓韌帶 round ligament of uterus
輸精管 ductus deferens 副睪 epididymis
鞘膜 tunica vaginalis

b.腹膜腔
(1.)血管
※腹腔動脈幹 celiac trunk (以下為其分支) -------
左胃動/靜脈 L. gastric a./v.
脾動/靜脈 splenic a./v. 後胃動/靜脈 post. gastric a./v.
左胃網膜動/靜脈 L. gastro-omental a./v.or
L. gastroepiploic a./v.
短胃動/靜脈 short gastric a./v.
肝總動脈 common hepatic a. 胃十二指腸動/靜脈 gastroduodenal a./v.
-前/後上胰十二指 -ant./post. sup.
腸動脈/靜脈 pancreaticoduodenal a./v.
-右胃網膜動/靜脈 -R.gastro-omental a./v.
肝固有動脈 hepatic a. proper
-右胃動/靜脈 -R. gastric a./v.
-右肝→膽囊動脈 -R. hepatic a.→cystic a.
-左肝動脈 -L. hepatic a.
※上腸繫膜動 sup. mesenteric a./v. (以下為其分支) -------
/靜脈
前/後下胰十二指 ant./post. inf. 空腸動/靜脈 jejunal a./v.
腸動/靜脈 pancreaticoduodenal a./v.
迴腸動/靜脈 ileal a./v. 迴結腸動/靜脈 ileocolic a./v.
-闌尾動/靜脈 -appendicular a.
右結腸動/靜脈 R. colic a./v. 中結腸動/靜脈 mid. colic a./v.
※下腸繫膜動/靜 inf. mesenteric a./v. (以下為其分支) -------
脈
左結腸動/靜脈 L. colic a./v. 乙狀結腸動/靜脈 sigmoid a./v.
上直腸動/靜脈 sup. rectal a./v.
(肝)門靜脈 (hepatic) portal v. 肝動脈 hepatic a.

(2.)韌帶
鐮狀韌帶 falciform ligament 肝圓韌帶 round ligament of liver
靜脈韌帶 ligamentum venosum 三角韌帶 triangular ligament
冠狀韌帶 coronary ligament
(3.)其他
體壁腹膜 parietal peritoneum 正中臍褶 median umbilical fold
內側臍褶 med. umbilical fold 外側臍褶 lat. umbilical fold
闌尾 vermiform appendix 肝門三合體 portal triad
(總)膽管 (common) bile duct 總肝管 (common) hepatic duct
肝裸區 bare area 腸繫膜 mesentery
十二指腸 duodenum 胃大小/彎 greater/lesser curvature
肝胰壺腹 hepatopancreatic ampulla 大十二指腸乳頭 major duodenal papilla
胰臟 pancreas 脾臟 spleen
鉤狀突 uncinate process 胰管 pancreatic duct
腸脂垂 omental appendix 結腸帶 taenia coli
膽囊管 cystic duct 肝靜脈 hepatic v.
子宮圓韌帶 round lig. of uterus

c.後腹壁
(1.)肌肉
腰大/小肌 psoas major/minor m. 腰方肌 quadratus lumborum m.
髂肌 iliacus m.

(2.)神經
肋下神經 subcostal n. 髂腹下神經 iliohypogastric n.
髂腹股溝神經 ilioinguinal n. 大腿外側皮神經 lat. cutaneous n. of thigh
股神經 femoral n. 生殖股神經 genitofemoral n.
閉孔神經 obturator n. 交感神經幹 sympatheic trunk
腹腔神經節 celiac ganglion 大內臟神經 greater splanchnic n.
小內臟神經 lesser splanchnic n. 最小內臟神經 least splanchnic n.

(3.)血管
上/中/下腎上腺 sup./mid./inf. suprarenal a. 左/右腎上腺靜脈 L./R. suprarenal v.
動脈
腎動/靜脈 renal a./v. 下膈動/靜脈 inf. phrenic a./v.
腰動/靜脈 lumbar a./v. 正中薦動脈 median sacral a.
生殖腺動/靜脈 gonadal a./v. 睪丸動脈 testicular a.
卵巢動脈 ovarian a. 腹腔動脈幹 celiac trunk
肝靜脈 hepatic v.
d.腎臟
間質 renal cortex 腎乳頭 renal papilla
髓質 renal medulla 腎小盞 minor calyx
腎柱 renal column 腎大盞 major calyx
腎盂 renal pelvis 輸尿管 ureter
腎錐 renal pyramid

e.肝臟
方葉 quadrate lobe 尾葉 caudate lobe
鐮狀韌帶 falciform ligament 肝圓韌帶 round ligament of liver
冠狀韌帶 coronary ligament 三角韌帶 triangular ligament

f.其他
腎上腺 suprarenal gland 輸尿管 ureter
橫膈左/右腳 L./R. crus (of diaphragm) 內/外弓狀韌帶 med./lat. arcuate ligament
乳糜池 cisterna chyli 胸管 thoracic duct

◎E. 頭部(骨學部分；其餘為期末範圍)
a.顱骨
蝶骨 sphenoid bone 篩骨 ethmoid bone
淚骨 lacrimal bone

b.顱骨的前面觀(ant. aspect of cranium)

額骨 frontal bone 眉弓 superciliary arch
眶上孔 supraorbital foramen 眶上切跡 supraorbital notch
眶上/下裂 sup./inf. orbital fissure 視神經孔 optical canal
淚骨 lacrimal bone 鼻骨 nasal bone
梨狀口 piriform aperture 下鼻甲骨 inf. nasal concha
顴骨 zygomatic bone 顴面孔 zygomaticofacial foramen
上頷骨 maxilla 眶下孔 infraorbital foramen
下頷骨 mandible bone 頦孔 mental foramen
頦隆凸 mental protuberance

c.顱骨的外側面觀(lat. aspect of cranium)

頂骨 parietal bone 上/下顳線 sup./inf. temporal line
顴弓 zygomatic arch 翼點 pterion
顴骨的顳突 temporal process of the 顳骨的顴突 zygomatic process of the
zygomatic bone temporal bone
鱗狀縫 squamous suture 外耳(聽)道 external acoustic meatus
乳突 mastoid process 莖突 styloid process
下頷骨支 ramus 下頷切跡 mandibular notch
髁突 condylar process 冠狀突 coronoid process
斜線 oblique line 星點 asterion
下頷孔 mandibular foramen 下頷舌骨溝 mylohyoid groove
下頷骨角 mandible angle

d.顱骨的枕面觀(occipital aspect of cranium)

枕骨 occipital bone 上/下項線 sup./inf. nuchal line
人字縫 lambdoid suture 外枕嵴 ext. occipital crest
人字點 lambda 外枕隆凸 ext. occipital protuberance

e.顱骨的外上面觀(superior aspect of cranium)

矢狀縫 sagittal suture 冠狀縫 coronal suture

f.顱底的外表面(external surface of cranial base)

上頷骨的腭突 palatal process of the maxilla 二腹肌後腹溝 groove for post. belly of
digastric m.
腭骨的水平板 horizontal plate of the palatine 大/小腭孔 greater/lesser palatine foramina
bone
後鼻棘 post. nasal spine 門齒窩 incisive fossa
犁(鋤)骨 vomer bone 圓孔 foramen rotundum
卵圓孔 foramen ovale 棘孔 foramen spinosum
蝶骨棘 spine of sphenoid bone 下頷窩 mandibular fossa
莖突 styloid process 乳突 mastoid process
莖乳突孔 stylomastoid foramen 外/內翼板 lat./med. pterygoid plates
枕動脈溝 groove for occipital a. 破裂孔 foramen lacerum
翼管 pterygoid canal 頸動脈管 carotid canal
頸靜脈孔 jugular foramen 枕髁 occipital condyle
舌下神經孔 hypoglossal canal 乳突孔 mastoid foramen
乳突切跡 Mastoid notch 枕溝 occipital groove
咽結節 pharyngeal tubercle

g.顱底的內表面(internal surface of cranial base)

(1.)前顱窩(anterior cranial fossa)
額嵴 frontal crest 雞冠 crista galli
額竇 frontal sinus 篩骨的篩(水 cribriform (horizontal) plate of
平)板 the ethmoid bone
(2.)中顱窩(middle cranial fossa)
蝶骨的小翼 lesser wing of the sphenoid bone 前/後床突 ant./post. clinoid processes
視神經管 optic canal 鞍結節 tuberculum sellae
腦下腺窩 hypophysial fossa 鞍背 dorsum sellae
中腦膜動脈溝 groove for the middle meningeal 大岩神經溝 groove for the great petrosal n.
vessel
(3.)後顱窩(posterior cranial fossa)
顳骨岩部 petrosal part of temporal bone 內枕隆凸 int. occipital protuberance
鼓室蓋 tegmen tympani 內聽道 int. acoustic meatus
斜坡 clivus 枕骨大孔 foramen magnum
內枕嵴 int. occipital crest 弓狀隆起 arcuate eminence
舌下神經管 hypoglossal canal 頸靜脈孔 jugular foramen

h.顱頂的內表面(roof of cranial base)

額嵴 frontal crest 顆粒小凸 granular foveolae
上矢狀竇溝 groove for sup. sagittal sinus

◎F. 下肢、骨盆會陰(骨學部分；其餘為期末範圍)
a.髖骨(hip bone)
(1.)恥骨(pubis)
恥骨梳 (梳狀線) pecten pubis (pectineal line) 閉孔嵴 obturator crest
恥骨聯合 pubic symphysis 恥骨聯合面 symphysis surface
恥骨結節 pubic tubercle
(2.)髂骨(ilium)
髂骨嵴 iliac crest 坐骨大切跡 greater sciatic notch
髂骨前上/下棘 ant. sup./inf. iliac spine 髂骨後上/下棘 post. sup./inf. iliac spine
前/後/下臀線 ant./post./inf. gluteal line 耳廓面 auricular surface
髂窩 iliac fossa 弓狀線 arcuate line
-髂肌附著
髂骨粗隆 iliac tuberosity
(3.)坐骨(ischium)
坐骨棘 ischial spine 坐骨小切跡 lesser sciatic notch
閉孔 obturator foramen 坐骨粗隆 ischial tuberosity
(4.)髖臼(acetabulum)
髖臼切跡 acetabular notch 月狀面 lunate surface
(5.)韌帶
薦粗隆韌帶 sacrotuberous ligament 薦棘韌帶 sacrospinous ligament
前/後薦髂韌帶 ant./post. sacroiliac ligament
b.股骨(femur)
(1.)近端
股骨頭窩 fovea 梳狀線 pectineal line
股骨頸 neck of the femur 股骨頭 head of the femur
大轉子 greater trochanter 小轉子 lesser trochanter
轉子間線 intertrochanteric line 轉子間嵴 intertrochanteric crest
轉子窩 trochanteric fossa 股方肌結節 quadrate tubercle
(2.)骨體
粗線 linea aspera 營養孔 nutrient foramen
臀肌粗隆 gluteal tuberosity
(3.)遠端
內收肌結節 adductor tubercle 髁間窩 intercondylar fossa
內/外髁 med./lat. condyle 內/外上髁 med./lat. epicondyle
髕骨關節面 patellar surface

c.脛骨(tibia)
(1.)近端
髁間結節 Lat./med. intercondylar 斜線 oblique line
tubercle
髁間區 intercondylar area 脛骨粗隆 tibia tuberosity
(2.)骨體
比目魚線 soleal line 營養孔 nutrient foramen
(3.)遠端
內/外髁 med./lat. condyle 內踝 med. malleolus

d.腓骨(fibula)
近端： articular surface for tibia 遠端： lat. malleolus
脛骨關節面 外踝

e.跗骨(tarsus)
距骨 talus bone 跟骨 calcaneus bone
-滑車 -trochlea -載距突 -sustentaculum tali
-跟骨粗隆 -calcaneal tuberosity
舟狀骨 navicular bone 骰骨 cuboid bone
內側/外側/中間 med./lat./intermediate
楔型骨 cuneiform bone

f.蹠骨(metatarsus)
g.趾骨(phalanges)