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Chapter 52 - Spread Sheet of Calculations Structural Design of Flexible Conduits Part 636 STR Eng - NEH June 2005
Chapter 52 - Spread Sheet of Calculations Structural Design of Flexible Conduits Part 636 STR Eng - NEH June 2005
Chapter 52 - Spread Sheet of Calculations Structural Design of Flexible Conduits Part 636 STR Eng - NEH June 2005
Design of Flexible Conduits, Chapter 52, is broken into 8 sections as listed below:
Each tab in this spread sheet corresponds to one of the sections above. The Handbook is a reference
to the spread sheet. There are examples in the handbook for review and checks.
The primary worksheets are located on the input and print tabs. The input sheet is used to load all of
the other worksheets. You can go to any of the other worksheets to see how the calculations are made,
but be sure to load the appropriate data in the input sheet prior to checking the other tabs. The input
worksheet is the only place where data can be entered. There are comments for each cell to help in data
entry.
The cell color has be used to show the locked and input cells-
Yellow is where input data is required. On the other worksheets the yellow cells are linked to the input sheet
Blue is where equations are located and calculated These are locked to prevent accidently changing them.
Each worksheet is protected to keep from entering data over an equation. The password is a carriage return
if you want to unlock a sheet. If you make changes send a copy to me for an update to other users.
The Hazen Williams Friction Loss has been added to give a quick look at what the friction loss for the
section of pipe would be. This is based on a C value of 150. If a different value is required, it can be changed
on the 'friction' tab.
After the input tab is filled out the print tab is a summary of the data loaded. It can be used for the file
and is a summary of the entered information. There are '#N/A' on the print worksheet until the input sheet is
completed.
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
The planned internal pressure is psi on this ft long pipeline.
The soil weight for the backfill material is lbs/ft3, and the pipe cover depth is ft. The bedding
material is planned to be . The backfill material is planned to
be , with compaction to be .
#N/A
Thrust blocks size table below is calculated based on ft of cover over the block, with the planned pressure and backfill:
Whenever there is flow in a pipe, there is a potential for surge when the flow stops or changes direction. With the pipe
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
Even if there is not a need for a pressure relief valve, adding one at the highest pressure of the pipe
is generally a good practice. Set valve to open at 5 psi below the pressure rating of the pipe (maximum).
Temperature changes in the pipe material can cause expansion and contractions. For the temperature change
#N/A
This change in length, can be overcome by snaking the pipe in the trench when it is installed. The expansion length
would be the additional amount needed to ensure that the line does not pull apart.
There are times where the pipe must be suspended above ground. The spacing of the supports is critical to ensure
the pipe does not bend beyond allowable and over stress the material. The planned 0 ft support spacing
#N/A
As the pipe is being laid it is allowable to bend it within the pipe section. The amount of bending allowed is based on
#VALUE!
This does not include any bending in the joint. The amount of joint deflection may be
obtained from the pipe manufacturer. Solvent cemented or welded joints do not allow for joint deflection.
Loading on the pipe depends on a number of items, including bury depth, class of pipe, bedding and backfill to name a few.
This line has for bedding, soil for backfill, and is compacted
the equilivent of . External loading on the pipe trench is from .
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Pipe strain in PVC and HDPE is ok as long as the deflection is ok.
#N/A
Characteristics of PVC Pipe (1120, 1220, 2120); Characteristics of HDPE Pipe (3408)
3 1/2 IPS -- 100 3 1/2 IPS 100 41 315 4.000 0.098 3.805
3 1/2 IPS -- 125 3 1/2 IPS 125 32.5 400 4.000 0.123 3.754
3 1/2 IPS -- 160 3 1/2 IPS 160 26 500 4.000 0.154 3.692
3 1/2 IPS -- 200 3 1/2 IPS 200 21 630 4.000 0.190 3.619
3 1/2 IPS -- 250 3 1/2 IPS 250 17 800 4.000 0.235 3.529
3 1/2 IPS -- 315 3 1/2 IPS 315 13.5 1000 4.000 0.296 3.407
3/8 S40
3/8 Sch 40 620 6.7 0.675 0.101 0.473
3/8 S80
3/8 Sch 80 920 5.0 0.675 0.136 0.403
3/8 IPS 315 3/8 IPS 315 13.5 1000 0.675 0.050 0.575
E E Elong
ABS 300000 65000
HDPE 110000 22000
PVC 400000 140000
Bedding
Coarse grained no fines GW,GP,SW,SP
Crushed rock
Fine grained LL<50 (CL,ML,ML-CL)
Fine grained LL>50 (CH,MH,CH-MH)
Fine grained w/ <25%coarse grained
backfill
Dumped
High, >95% Standard Proctor
Moderate, 85-95% Standard Proctor
Slight-<85%Standard Proctor
Load Class
field equipment 10000
H15 15000
H20 20000
Temperature
ABS 5.5E-05
HDPE 0.00012
PVC 3E-05
"angle"
Pipe angle
Tee
Reducer
End of line
Wye
Closed valve
90 bend
45 bend
22 bend
"deflection"
Safe deflection
SDR Deflection as % of diameter
9 2.5
11 3
13.5 4
17 5
21 6
26 7
32.5 8.5
41 7.5
"ecomp"
Soils E' for degree of compaction
Dumped slight-<85 moderate, high, >95% SP
Coarse grained no fines GW,GP,SW,SP 200 1000 2000 3000
Crushed rock 1000 3000 3000 3000
Fine grained LL<50 (CL,ML,ML-CL) 100 400 1000 2000
Fine grained LL>50 (CH,MH,CH-MH) 0 0 0 0
Fine grained w/ <25%coarse grained 50 200 400 1000
column used 4
high, >95% SP
636.5202 Water hammer/surge pressure
NEH Ch 52 Structural Design of Flexible Conduits
Page 52 - 5 & 6
Psurge = (a*rV)/g*2.31
where:
Psurge = surge of pressure, ft of water
a= velocity of the pressure wave, ft/sec
rV = change in velocity, ft/sec
g= acceleration due to gravity, 32.2 ft/sec2
where:
Tcr = critical time, seconds
L= distance within the pipe that the pressure wave moves before it is reflected back by a boundary condition, ft
a= velocity of the pressure wave, ft/sec
L= 0 ft
a= #N/A ft/sec
a = 4720/(1+Kl/E*Di/t)1/2
where:
a= velocity of the pressure wave, ft/sec
Kl = bulk modulus of liquid, lb/in2 (water 300,000)
E= modulus of elasticity of pipe material, lb/in2
Di = pipe inside diameter, in
t= pipe wall thickness, in
a= #N/A ft/sec
pipe material =
Kl = 300000 psi
E= #N/A psi
Di = #N/A inches
t= #N/A inches
PR Size = #N/A inches
636.5203 Loads on pipe
NEH Ch 52 Structural Design of Flexible Conduits
Page 52 - 7 & 9
Soil pressure
Ps = gs*h
where:
Ps = pressure due to weight of soil at depth of h, lb/ft2
gs = unit weight of soil, lb/ft3
h= height of ground surface from top of pipe, ft
Ps = #VALUE! lb/ft2
gs = lb/ft3
h= 0 ft
Wheel loading
Do = inches
t= #N/A inches
where:
WL = wheel load per linear foot of pipe, lb/ft
PL = wheel load at the surface, lb
If = impact factor
h= height of ground surface above top of pipe, ft
Do = outside diameter of pipe, in
t= pipe wall thickness, in
WL = #VALUE! lb/ft
where:
load class 0
PL = #N/A lb
If = 1.3 factor
h= 0 ft
Do = inches
t= #N/A inches
Pw = WL/(Do/12)
where:
Pw = pressure on pipe from wheel load, lb/ft
WL = wheel load per linear foot of pipe, lb/ft
Do = outside diameter of pipe, in
Pw = #VALUE! lb/ft
WL = #VALUE! lb/ft2
Do = inches
Vacuum Pressure
Wv = Pv * Di/12
where:
Wv = vacuum load per linear foot of pipe, lb/ft
Pv = internal vacuum pressure, lb/ft2
Di = inside pipe diameter, in
Wv = #N/A lb/ft
Pv = 0 lb/ft2
Di = #N/A inches
Hydrostatic Pressure
Pg = gw * hw
where:
Pg = external hydrostatic pressure, lb/ft2
gw = unit wieght of water, lb/ft3
hw = height of water above top of pipe, ft
Pg = 0 lb/ft2
gw = 62.4 lb/ft3
hw = 0 ft
636.5204 Buried pipe design
NEH Ch 52 Structural Design of Flexible Conduits
Page 52 - 9 -18
Plastic pipe
P = Ps + Pw + Pv
P= #VALUE! lb/ft2
Ps = #VALUE! lb/ft2
Pw = #VALUE! lb/ft2
Pv = 0 lb/ft2
Tpw = (P * Do / 12)/2
where:
Tpw = thrust in pipe wall, lb/ft
P= pressure on pipe, lb/ft2
Do = outside pipe diameter, inches
P= #VALUE! lb/ft2
Do = inches
where:
Apw = required wall area in2/in
Tpw = thrust in pipe wall, lb/ft
s= allowable long-term compressive stress, lb/in2
t= #N/A in2/in
#N/A
Deflection
%rX/D = (Dl*Ps+Pw+Pv)/144*K(100)/((2E/3(SDR-1)3)+0.61*E')
%rX/D = #VALUE! %
5 %
Condition #VALUE!
Wall Buckling
qa = 1/FS(32RwB'E'(ElongIpw/Do3)1/2
where
qa = allowable buckling pressure, lb/in2
FS = design factor of safety
2.5 for h/(Do/12) > 2
3 for h/(Do/12) < 2
Rw = water buoyance factor
1-0.33(hw/h), 0<hw,h
B' = empirical coefficient of elastic support
4(h2+(Do/12)h)/1.5(2h+(Do/12))2
Elong = long term modulus of elasticity, lb/in2
E' = modulus of soil reaction, lb/in2
Ipw = pipe wall moment of inertia, in4
Do = outside pipe diameter, in
qa = #VALUE! psi
qa = #VALUE! lb/ft2
FS = #VALUE!
Rw = #DIV/0!
B' = #VALUE!
Elong = #N/A psi
E' = #N/A psi
Ipw = #VALUE! in4/in
Do = in4/in
where
C= reduction factor for buckline pressure
%AX/D = percent deflection
C= #VALUE!
%aX/D = #VALUE!
Strain
Eh = ((P/144)/Dm)/2tE
Where:
Eh = maximum strain in pipe wall because of ring bending in/in
P= pressure on/in pipe - lb/ft2
Dm = mean pipe diameter, in
Apw = area of pipe wall, in2/in
E= modulus of elasticity of the pipe material, lb/in2
t= pipe wall thickness, in
Eh = #VALUE! in/in
P= #VALUE! lb/ft2
Dm = #N/A in
E= #N/A psi
t= #N/A in
Ef = 1/SDR(3aX/D/1-2(aX/D))
where:
Ef = maximum strain in pipe wall because of ring deflection, in/in
SDR = standard dimension ratio of the pipe
aX/D = percent deflection expressed as a decimal
Ef = #VALUE! in/in
SDR =
AX/D = #VALUE!
E = Ef +/- Eh
E= #VALUE! in/in
condition #VALUE!
636.5205 Expansion and contraction
NEH Ch 52 Structural Design of Flexible Conduits
Page 52-19
Equation (52-58)
rL = Lur*a*rT
Where
rL = change in length, in
Lur = length of unrestrained pipe, in
a= coefficient of thermal expansion, in/in/oF
rT = change in temperature, oF
rL = #N/A inches
#N/A ft
Pipe Material =
a= #N/A in/in/oF
rT = 0 oF
Lur = 0 ft
636.5206 Aboveground pipe design
NEH Ch 52 Structural Design of Flexible Conduits
Page 52-20 to 23
Pipe material =
Do = inches
Di = #N/A inches
Lspan = 0 ft
Deflection
y = 0.0130*w*Lspan4/Elong*I
where:
y= maximum deflection at center of span, in
w= load of pipe filled with liquid, lb/in
Lspan = span length, in
Elong = long-term modulus of elasticity, lb/in2
I= moment of inertia, in4
y= #N/A inches
St = vSp+ Sb + Sl +Sec
where:
St = total stress at the saddle, lb/in2
v= Poisson's ratio
Sp = hoop stress from internal pressure, lb/in2
Sb = bending stress, lb/in2
Sl = local stress at saddle, lb/in2
Sec = stress from expansion and contraction (if restrained), lb/in2
Hoop Stress
Sp = P*D/(2*t)
Where:
P= pressure inside the pipe, lb/in2
D= inside diameter of the pipe, in
t= pipe wall thickness, in
Sp = #N/A lb/in2
Inputs
P= 0 lb/in2
Di = #N/A inch
t= #VALUE! inch
Sl = Ksupport(Rsupport/t2*ln(Ro/t))
Where:
Sl = local stress at the saddle, lb/in2
Ksupport = coefficent
Rsupport = total saddle reaciton, lb
t= pipe wall thickness, inch
Ro = outside radius of pipe, in
Sl = #N/A lb/in2
Inputs
Ksupport = 0.0308
Rsupport = #N/A lb
t= #VALUE! inches
Ro = #VALUE! inches
b= 0 saddle angle, degrees
Bending Stress
Sb = M*Do/2*I
Where
Sb = bending stress, lb/in2
M= bending moment, in-lb
Do = outside pipe diameter, in
I= Moment of inertia, in4
Sb = #N/A lb/in2
Inputs
M= #N/A in-lb
Do = in
I= #VALUE! in4
Sec = EarT
where
Sec = stress due to temperature change, lb/in2
E= short trem modulus of elasticity, lb/in2
a= coefficent of thermal expansion, in/in/oF
rT = change in temperature, oF
Total Stress
St = vSp+Sb+Sl+Sec
where
St = Total stress
v= Poisson's ratio
Sp = Hoop stress
Sb = Bending stress
Sl = Localized strss at the saddle
Sec = Stress from expansion and contraction
St = #N/A lb/in2
Inputs
v= 0.5 lb/in2
Sp = #N/A lb/in2
Sb = #N/A lb/in2
Sl = #N/A lb/in2
Sec = #N/A lb/in2
Hydrostatic
design basis na lb/in2
Pipe is #N/A
636.5207 Thrust Block Design
NEH Ch 52 Structural Design of Flexible Conduits
Page 52-24 to 25
Equation (52-75)
At = T/qall
where Reference
At = area of thrust block required, ft
2
T = thrust force, lb
qall = allowable soil bearing pressure, lb/ft2 tbl 52-6
Equation: (52-76)
Rb = (E Do)/(2*Sball)
Where:
Rb = minimum bending radius, in
E = short trem modulus of elasticity, lb/in2
Do = outside pipe diameter, in
Sball = allowable bending stress, lb/in2
Output reference
Pipe Material
E= na psi pg 52-6
Do= inches tbl 52C-2-14
HDB = na psi tbl 52C-1
Rb = #VALUE! inches
Rb = #VALUE! feet
Offset - #VALUE! ft in 20 ft joint
Does not include any bending in joint. Amount of joint deflection may be
obtained from pipe manufacturer. Solvent cemented or welded joints do
not allow for joint deflection.
Friction calculated from EFH (650-EFH)
Chapter 3 (650.03) - Hydraulics (draft)
Pages 125-129