SSPC-Paint 25

May 1, 1997
Editorial Changes September 1, 2000

SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings

PAINT SPECIFICATIONNO. 25
Zinc Oxide, Alkyd, Linseed Oil Primer for Use Over Hand Cleaned Steel
Type I and Type II
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers a slow drying French
process zinc oxide, raw linseed oil and alkyd primer suitable
for use over hand-cleaned steel.
1.2 This primer is suitable for exposures in Environ-
mental Zones 1 A(interior, normally dry) and 1 B(exterior,
normally dry), and is intended for brush, roller or spray
application over steel surfaces prepared in accordance with
SSPC-SP 2, “Hand Tool Cleaning,” or better. (See Note
9.6.) Within the limitation stated in 2.1 it is suitable as a
Actual spreading rates can be significantly lower. On a
calculated basis, the VOC content is 240 g/L (2.0 Ibslgal).
3. ReferenceStandards
3.1 The standards referenced in this specification are
listed in Sections 3.4 through 3.8 and form a part of this
specification.
3.2 The latest issue, revision, or amendment of the
referenced standards in effect on the date of invitation to bid
shall govern unless otherwise specified.

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shop primer, field primer, maintenance primer, or interme-
diate coat and is tobe applied in accordance with SSPC-PA 3.3 If there is a conflict between the requirements of
1, “Shop, Field, and Maintenance Painting of Steel.” If the any of the cited reference standards and thisspecification,
primed part of the structure is to be exposed to the weather, the requirements of this specification shall prevail.
it should be topcoated as soon as practical.
3.4 SSPC STANDARDSAND JOINT STANDARDS:
2. Description
Guide 7 Guide for the Disposal of Lead-
2.1 This specification contains requirements to ensure Contaminated Surface Prepara-
barrier inhibition composition. Consequently, performance tion Debris
is comparable to that customarily expected from paints PA 1 Shop, Field, and Maintenance
containing lead and chromate pigments. Painting of Steel
It has good wetting ability, even for non-blast cleaned SP 2 Hand Tool Cleaning
steel, about 36 hours drying time (generally it can be SP 3 Power Tool Cleaning
recoated after 24 hours, although the coating will not have SP YNACE No. 1 White Metal Blast Cleaning
achieved a through dry) and good resistance to weathering SP 6/NACE No. 3 Commercial Blast Cleaning
before field coating. The good wetting ability of this primer SP 7/NACE No. 4 Brush-off Blast Cleaning
is the result of its high proportion of raw linseed oil. Type II SP 8 Pickling
has a lower percentage of volatile organic compounds SP 10/NACE No. 2 Near-White Metal Blast
(VOC) than Type I.The reduced VOC content of Type IIwas Cleaning
achieved by replacing some of the mineral spirits with high SP 11 Power Tool Cleaning to Bare
flash naphtha and by making other minor composition Metal
changes. Details of the compositions are given in Table 1 SP 12/NACE No. 5 Surface Preparation and Clean-
for Type I and in Table 2 for Type II. ing of Steel and Other Hard Ma-
terials by High- and Ultrahigh-
2.2 The Type I primer contains approximately 65% by Pressure Water Jetting Prior to
volume of nonvolatile film forming solids (pigment and Recoating
binder). The theoretical spreading rate for a 50 micrometer
(2.0 mil) dry film thickness is 12.8 mz/L(520ftWJ.S. gallon). 3.6 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MA-
Actual spreading rates can be significantly lower. On a TERIALS (ASTM)STANDARDS:
calculated basis, the VOC is 270 glL(2.3 Iblgal).
D
79 Specification for Zinc Oxide
2.3 The Type II primer contains approximately 70% by D 185 Test Method for Coarse Particles
volume of nonvolatile film forming solids (pigment and in Pigments, Pastes and Paints
binder). The theoretical spreading rate for a 50 micrometer D 234 Specification for RawLinseed Oil
(2.0 mil) dry film thickness is 13.8 mz/L(560ftWJ.S. gallon).

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 SSPC-Paint 25
May 1, 1997
Editorial Changes September 1, 2000

D 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petro- D 1640 Standard Test Methods for Drying, Cur-
leum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning ing, or Film Formation of Organic Coat-
Solvent) ings at Room Temperature
522
D Standard TestMethods forMandrel Bend D 2369 Test Methodfor Volatile Content of Coat-
Test of Attached Organic Coatings ings
562
D Test Method for Consistency of Paints D 2371 Test Method forPigment Content of Sol-
Using the Stormer Viscometer vent-Reducible Paints
600
D Specification for Liquid Paint Driers D 2448 Test Method for Water-Soluble Salts in
D 605 Specification for Magnesium Silicate Pig- Pigments by Measuring the Specific Re-
ment (Talc) sistance of the Leachate of the Pigment
607
D Specification for Wet Ground Mica Pig- D 2832 Standard Guide for Determining Volatile
ments and Nonvolatile Content of Paint and
D 1208 Test Methods for Common Properties of Related Coatings
Certain Pigments D 3278 Test Methodsfor Flash Point of Liquids by
D 1210 Test Methods for Fineness of Dispersion Setaflash Closed-Cup Apparatus
of Pigment-Vehicle Systems D 3722 Specification for Natural Red and Brown
D 1296 Test Method for Odors of Volatile Sol- Iron Oxide Pigments
vents and Diluents D 3724 Specification for Synthetic Brown Iron
D 1475 Test Methodfor Densityof Paint, Varnish, Oxide Pigment
Lacquer, and Related Products D 3734 Specification for High-Flash Aromatic
D 1542 Test Method for Quantitative Test for Rosin Naphthas
in Varnishes D 3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and
Related Pigmented Coatings

TABLE 1
COMPOSITION
SSPC-Paint 25, Type I

~ REQUIRED TYPICAL
INGREDIENT STANDARDS
~

Max. Min. ~
COMPOSITION
INGREDIENTS Wt. Wt.Yo Yo Wt. % Vol. % FEDERAL
ASTM
PIGMENT*: (52.5f 2 wt.Yo)
ide Zinc 8.4 2.2 Dry
Pigment,
79,
D -
French Process
Iron Oxide (85% minimum Fe&) 39.0 - 21.5 7.9 D 3722lD 3724 -
Magnesium Silicate - 33.0 17.3 9.1 D 605 -
Mica 12.0 10.0 5.3 2.7 D 607 -
TOTAL PIGMENT: 1O0 21.9 52.5

VEHICLE: (47.5f 2 wt. Yo)

Raw Linseed Oil 30.5 -23.2 14.5 D 234 -
Alkyd Resin Solids 30.5 -19.8 14.5 - TT-R-266,
Type I Class A
Type II Class B
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Mineral Spirit Thinner 35.0 18.5

- 39.0 D 235 -
Driers - - - - Non-Lead
600,D -
TOTAL VEHICLE: 1O0 78 47.5

TOTAL: O0 1O0

The preblended composite pigment shall comply with the following:

REQUIRED
METHOD PROPERTY
PH - 7 to 8
Specific Resistance of Leachate ASTM D 2448 5000 ohm-cmminimum

*See Note 9.3 for supplier of preblended pigment and Note

9.4 for propertiesof component pigments.

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 SSPC-Paint 25
May 1, 1997
Editorial Changes September 1, 2000

D 3951 Practice
for Commercial Packaging ANSI 21 29.1 Hazardous
Industrial
Chemicals
D4400 Test MethodforSagResistanceof Paints -Precautionary Labeling
Using a Multinotch Applicator
4. Composition
3.7 FEDERALSPECIFICATIONSANDSTANDARDS:
4.1 Ingredients and proportions shall be as specified
TT-R-266 Resin,
Alkyd: Solutions in Table 1 for Type I and in Table 2 for Type II.

FED-STD-141 Paint,Varnish,Lacquer andRelated 4.2 The primers based on the specified ingredients
Materials: Methods of Inspection, Sampling and Testing shall be uniform, stable in storage, and free from grit and
coarse particles. No rosin or rosin derivativesmay beused.
Method 301 1 Conditionin Container Beneficial additives such as anti-skinning agents,suspend-
Method 3021 Skinning (Partially Filled Con- ing agents, or wetting aids may be added.
tainer)
Method 4203 Reducibility and Dilution 4.3 The paint shall conformto the composition(analy-
Stability sis) requirements of Table 3.
Method 4321 Brushing Properties
Method 4331 Spraying Properties 5. Properties
Method 4541 Working Propertiesand Appear-
ance of Dried Film 5.1 The primers for Type I and Type II shall meet the
requirements of Tables 3 and 4 and of Sections 5.2 through
3.8 AMERICANNATIONALSTANDARDS INSTI- 5.8.
TUTE (ANSI) STANDARD:

TABLE 2
COMPOSITION
SSPC-Paint 25, Type II
REQUIRED TYPICAL INGREDIENT
Max. Min. COMPOSITION STANDARDS
INGREDIENTS Wt.
Wt.% % Wt. % Vol. % FEDERAL
ASTM
PIGMENT*: (54.0 2 wt. Yo) *
15.0 17.0 8.6 2.4 Dry
Pigment,
79,
D -
Zinc Oxide French Process
Iron Oxide (85% minimum Fe&) 39.0 - 22.2 8.3 D 3722lD 3724 -
Magnesium Silicate - 33.0 17.8 9.7 D 605 -
Mica 10.0 12.0 5.4 2.9 D 607 -
~

TOTAL PIGMENT: 1O0 54.0 23.3

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VEHICLE: (46.0 2 wt. Yo) *
Raw Linseed Oil 30.5 - 15.3 25.5 D 234 -
Alkyd Resin Solids 30.5 - 15.3 21.7 - T-T-266,
Type I Class A
Type II Class B
Mineral Spirit Thinner - 22.9 10.5 20.8 D 235 -
High Flash Naphtha - 10.7 4.9 8.7 D 3734 -
Driers - - - - DNon-Lead
600, -
~

TOTAL VEHICLE: 1O0 46.0 76.7

TOTAL: 1O0 1O0

The preblended composite pigment shall comply with the following:

REQUIRED
METHOD
PROPERTY
PH - 7 to 8
SpecificResistance of Leachate ASTM D 2448 5000 ohm-cmminimum
*See Note 9.3 for
suI)Dlier of Dreblended Diament and Note9.4 forDroDerties of comDonent Diaments.

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 SSPC-Paint 25
May 1, 1997
Editorial Changes September 1, 2000

5.2 ODOR: Shall be normal for the materials permitted 6. Labeling

(ASTM D 1296).
5.3 COLOR: The color shall be typical of the specified
mixture of zinc oxide and red or brown iron oxide.
5.4 COMPATIBILITY: There shall be no evidence of
incompatibility of any of the ingredients of the paint when
two volumes of the paint are slowly mixed with one volume
of mineral spirits (FED-STD-141, Method 4203).
5.5 WORKING PROPERTIES: The paint shall be eas-
ily applied by brush, roller, or spray when tested in accor-
dance with FED-STD-141, Methods 4321,4331, and 4541.
The paint shall show no streaking, running, or sagging
during application or while drying.
5.6 CONDITION IN CONTAINER: The paint shall show
no thickening, curdling, gelling, or hard caking when tested
as specified in FED-STD-141, Method 301 1, after storage
for six months from the date of delivery, in a full, tightly
covered container, at a temperature of 10-43°C (50-1 10°F).
5.7 SKINNING: There shall be no skinning in a three-
quarters filled closed container after 48 hours when tested
in the standard manner specified in FED-STD-141, Method
3021.
6.1 Refer to ANSI 2129.1, “Hazardous Industrial
Chemicals-Precautionary Labeling.”Otherguidelinescan
be found in the National Paint and Coating Association
(NPCA) “Paint Industry Labeling Guide.”
6.2 MARKING OF CONTAINERS: Each container shall
be legibly marked with the following information:
Name: Zinc Oxide, Alkyd, Linseed Oil Primer for Use
Over Hand Cleaned Steel, Type I (or Type II)
Specification: SSPC-Paint 25
Color: Red or Brown Iron Oxide
Lot Number:
Batch Number:
Stock Number:
Date of Manufacture:
Quantity of Paint in Container:
Information and Warnings as may be required by
Federal and State Laws:
VOC Content:
Manufacturer’s Name and Address:
6.3 PACKAGING: Material shall be packaged and
labeled in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D
3951 unless otherwise specified.

5.8 SALT CONTAMINATION: Content of salt con-
tamination shall have been minimized by the incorporation
of only high purity materials. The specific resistance of the
aqueous leachate of the composite of the pigments in
required proportions shall be a minimum of 5,000 ohm-cm
when tested in accordance with ASTM D 2448.
6.4 DIRECTIONS FOR USE: The following directions
for use shall be supplied with each container of paint:
Directions for Use of Zinc Oxide,
Alkyd, Linseed Oil Primer for Use Over
Hand Cleaned Steel

TABLE 3
ANALYSIS
REQUIREMENTS
Max. Min.
CHARACTERISTICS Wt. % Wt. % FED-STD-141
ASTM
Pigment content
Type I 54.5 50.5 D 2371 -
Type II 52.0 56.0 D 2371 -
Volatiles -
Type I - 19.3 D 2369 -
Type II - 16.1 D 2369 -
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Nonvolatile vehicles
Type I 27.8 - - -
Type II 26.8 - - -
Uncombined water - 1.o D 1208 -
Coarse particles and skins, - 1.5 D 185 -
as retained on standard
325 mesh screen
or derivatives
Rosin rosin - O D 1542 -

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 SSPC-Paint 25
May 1, 1997
Editorial Changes September 1, 2000

This paint is intended for use as a primer over hand
cleaned steel in atmospheric exposure; it will perform better
if the steel ispower tool cleaned, blast cleaned, or pickled.
All rust scale, looserust, loose mill scale, and looseor non-
adherent paint shall be removed; oil and grease shall be
removed to the fullest extent practical,as residues of oil and
grease remaining on the surface will result in decreased
paint performance.
his authorized representative. The purchaser shall have the
right to reject any materials supplied which are found be to
defective under this specification. (SeeNote 9.1.) In caseof
dispute, unless otherwise specified, the arbitrationor settle-
ment procedure established in the procurement documents
shall be followed. If no arbitration procedure is established,
the procedure specifiedby the American ArbitrationAsso-
ciation shall be used.

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Mix paint thoroughly before use. If the pigment has set-
tled, pour off mostof the liquid. Thoroughly mixthe pigment 7.2 Samples of paints may be requested by the pur-
withtheremaining liquid, takingcaretoscrape all the chaser and shall be supplied upon request along with the
pigment off thebottom of thecan.Graduallyaddthe manufacturer's name and identification for the materials.
poured-off liquid and mix thoroughly. Mixing may be made Samples may be requested at the time the purchase order
easier by transferring the contentsto a larger containeror is placedor may betaken from unopened containers at the
by pouring the paintto and from another container.Exam- job site.
ine bottomof container for unmixed pigment. Screen paint
before applying. 7.3 Unless otherwise specified, the sampling shallbe
The thinning of paint will change the VOC level. For in accordance withASTM D 3925.
roller, brush, or airless spray application, nothinning should
be necessary.Aminimumamount of thinning maybe 8. Disclaimer
necessary for conventional air spray.
Apply by brush or spray to the specifiedfilm thickness 8.1 While every precaution is taken to ensure that all
or, if none is specified, to at least50 micrometers (2 mils) information furnished in SSPC standards and specifica-
dryor approximately75micrometers(3mils)wet.The tionsisasaccurate,complete,andusefulaspossible,
surface tobe painted shallbe dry, the surface temperature SSPC cannot assume responsibility nor incur any obliga-
shall be at least 3 C" (5 F") above the dew point and the tion resulting from the use of any materials, coatings, or
temperature of the air shall be over4°C(40°F). Do not paint methods specified herein, or of the specification or stan-
outdoors in rainy weather or if freezing temperatures are dard itself.
expected before the paint dries.
Allowpaintatleast 24 hoursdryingtimebefore 8.2 Thisspecificationdoesnotattempttoaddress
recoating. problems concerning safety associated with its use. The
user of this specification,as well as theuser of all products
7. Inspection or practices described herein,is responsible for instituting
appropriate health and safety practices and for insuring
7.1 All materials (coatings) supplied under this specifi- compliance with all governmental regulations.
cation are subject to timely inspectionby the purchaser or

TABLE 4
PROPERTIES
REQUIREMENTS
Max. Min.
CHARACTERISTICS Wt. % Wt. % FED-STD-141
ASTM
Consistency* shear rate 200 rpm
Grams 175 225 D 562 -
Krebs units 86 77 D 562 -
Density, kg/L (IWUS gal)
Type I 1.48 (12.3) - D 1475 -
Type II 1.54 (12.8) - D 1475 -
Fineness
3.0 Hegman
units
of grind, - D 1210 -
Drying time, hours
Tack free - 20 - 4061
Dry hard - 36 - 4061
("F) Flash
"C point, 38 (100) - D 3278 -
resistance,
(mils)
Sag
mm 0.1 8 (7) 0.25 (1O) D 4400 -

*Consistency 48 hours or more after manufacture.

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9. Notes
Notes are not a requirement of this specification.
9.1 The procurement documents should establish the
responsibility for samples, testing, and any required affida-
vit certifying full compliance with the specification.
9.2 The extraction of chlorides and other anions from
corrosion pits in severe corrosivity areas of the structure is
recommended.
9.3 The preblended composite pigment can be ob-
tained from Hoover Color Corporation, P. O. Box 218,
Hiwasse, VA 24347; Phone (703) 980-7233.
9.4 During the development of SSPC-Paint 25, the
purity of each pigment was measured in accordance with
ASTM D 2448. The specific resistances of the leachate for
the individual pigments were as follows:
COPYRIGHT 2003; The Society for Protective Coatings
SSPC-Paint 25
May 1, 1997
Editorial Changes September 1, 2000
French process zinc oxide ..... 20,000 ohm-cm
Iron oxide ................................ 5,000ohm-cm
Magnesium silicate ................. 2,800 ohm-cm
Mica ......................................... 17,000 ohm-cm
The calculated resistance for the formula blend using
these purities for the individual paints is 5000 ohm-cm.
9.5 Handle wastes in accordance with federal, state
and local government regulations. See SSPC-Guide 7,
“Guide for the Disposal of Lead-Contaminated Surface
Preparation Debris.”
9.6 The following degrees of surface preparation are
better than SSPC-SP 2, “Hand Tool Cleaning”: SSPC-SP 3,
SSPC-SP 5lNACE NO. 1, SSPC-SP GINACE NO. 3, SSPC-
SP 7lNACE NO.4, SSPC-SP 8, SSPC-SP 1OINACE NO.2,
SSPC-SP 11 SSPC-SP 12 /NACE NO.5.
9.7 Type I of this specification very closely matches the
previous version of SSPC-Paint 25.
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399
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