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Development of a System Model for Home Automation

Article  in  Journal of the Association of Engineers India · December 2016

DOI: 10.22485/jaei/2016/v86/i3-4/130843

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Journal of the Association of Engineers, India
Vol. 86, No. 3 & 4, 2016 [ISSN 0368-1106]

DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEM MODEL

FOR HOME AUTOMATION

Bandana Barmana*, Amar Kumar Ramb, Jyote Jaiswalc,

Bias Mondald and Sudipta Pal1e
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Kalyani Government Engineering College, Kalyani- 741235, Nadia
Email: abandanabarman@gmail.com, bram.amarkumar@gmail.com,
c
onenines15@gmail.com, dbias.mondal@gmail.com, esudiptapal5294@gmail.com
*Corresponding Author

Manuscript received on: June 09 2016, accepted on: September 25, 2016

ABSTRACT
Home automation system introduces a computerization or automation of some electrical and
electronic systems. This system includes complete automation of lights, temperature control, door
security, etc. In this paper, a hardware system is developed and installed to monitor and control
various home appliances. It can control the appliances based on its configuration. This system
automatically turns on lights at a specified time in the evening. It can measure light intensity in
a room by using hardware sensor and turn on bulb when light intensity becomes low. The system
can allow a person to control appliances from a remote location by internet.

Keywords : Home automation, Arduino uno board, Relay, LCD monitor, Keypad, Servo motor,
IR sensor, Light sensor, Temperature sensor, Wires.

1. INTRODUCTION
A typical home automation system allows controlling of house appliances from a centralized
control unit [1,2]. The home appliances, such as bulb, fans, TV-set, AC-machines, close circuit
cameras, locking and unlocking system of doors, etc., can be controlled. All these house
appliances must be designed to be compatible with the control system unit of home automation
systems.
The home automation system demonstrates an integrated or embedded system which includes a
building’s electrical connection system. The system allows controlling of lighting system, fans.
It can include the switching system of any appliance that is plugged into a wall outlet. The home
automation system can be controlled or can be regulated via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi enabled devices.
For this, mobile phone or laptop can be used while a desktop PC acts as the server [3,4]. The
cost of installation with hardware must be kept to a minimum [5,6].
In this paper, a reliable and scalable home automation system is designed which can automatically
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Barman, Ram, Jaiswal, Mondal and Pal

control home appliances. This system can save the energy and power used in place like home and
offices where lightning is very much important. The home automation system offers an
automated life style. The system also provides better security and reducing risk.

2. THE BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM

In Fig. 1, the block diagram of the proposed home automation model is shown. In the block
diagram, the components required to complete the circuit are Arduino Uno Board, Relay, LCD
Monitor, Keypad, Servo Motor, Infra Red Sensor, Light Sensor, Temperature Sensor (LM35) and
Wires.
The main and important microcontroller board is used to design the home automation system is
Arduino/ Genuine Uno. This is based on ATmega328P. The Arduino board has 14 digit I/O pins.
From these pins, 6 pins are used as PWM outputs. The other pins involve 16 MHz quartz crystal,
USB connection, power jack, ICSP header and reset button. This board contains all equipment
which are needed for supporting microcontroller. It is simply connected to a computer with USB
cable. It can be powered by a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started [7,8].
The switch which is used here is relay. It is operated electrically. In most of the cases, relays use
an electromagnet to operate a switch mechanically. But in other relays, such as solid-state relay,
separate operating principles are used. To control a circuit by a low-power signal, the relays are
used. For complete electrical isolation between controlled circuits, relays are used. When many
circuits need to control by a single signal a relay is also used.

Fig. 1: Block diagram of the proposed home automation model

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Development of a system model for home automation

In the home automation circuit, a liquid-crystal display (LCD) is used. It is a flat plate electronics
display which uses light-modulating properties of liquid crystal. Liquid crystals do not emit light
directly.
A keypad is used to interface components for microcontroller system. The keypad consists of 16-
button arranged in a 4 x 4 matrix. This is necessary for actuator. The actuator used in this home
automation system for controlling angular or linear position, velocity and acceleration precisely.
It consists of a servomotor coupled to a sensor for position feedback.
The IR- Sensor is used here as this sensor detects objects independent of color, reflectivity. This
IR-sensor is not affected by second surface reflections. In the home automation model, a light
sensor is used for detecting light intensity.
In the block diagram (i.e., Fig. 1), LM35 is used as temperature sensor. In this temperature
sensor, the output is proportional to temperature (in oC). The internal circuitry of the sensors is
not open, so oxidation and other processes cannot affect the system of their sensor property.

3. THE OPERATING STAGES OF THE PROPOSED HOME AUTOMATION MODEL

3.1. STAGE 1 OF THE MODEL
In this paper, the home automation model designed has four stages. The "Unlocking and
Locking" systems of main door are designed in the first stage. The Entrance or Exit of person
will be controlled by a password controlled system. To design this stage, the Arduino Board, the
Keypad (i.e., 4 x 4 matrix), Servo-Motor and Wires will be required.
THE STEPS OF FIRST STAGE ARE MENTIONED AS FOLLOWS :
Step 1: To initialize program variables:
(a = 0 : when door is locked, a = 1: when door is unlocked, b = EVEN : no means
door can be locked by user, b = ODD: by no means door cannot be locked by the
user, W-p=0, w-ps = 0).
Step 2: For unlocking the door:
(Read password? IF a=1, THEN display door is already unlocked; IF a = 0, THEN
password will get matched with default password).
Step 3: IF input password is wrong THEN w-p increases by, 1.
Step 4: IF w-p = 3, THEN buzzer will sound for 5 Seconds. The system will again read
password to unlock the door.
Step 5: IF input password is correct, THEN door gets unlocked.
Step 6: If one wishes to change password: IF - NO, THEN to check for locked password; IF
- YES, THEN system will ask for option: locking or unlocking password.
Step 7: User will select one of it and will give old password.
Step 7.1: IF old password does not match, THEN system will read the locked
password.
Step 7.2: IF old password matched, THEN system will ask for new password.
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Barman, Ram, Jaiswal, Mondal and Pal

Step 7.3: New password will get saved and system will look for lock password.
Step 8: IF a = 0, THEN display door that is already locked.
Step 9: IF a = 1, THEN to check for value of b.
Step 10: IF b is odd number, THEN user cannot lock the door as someone is inside the room.
Step 11 IF b is even number, THEN user can lock the door but before that password will get
matched with default password.
Step 12: IF input password is wrong, THEN w-ps increases by 1.
Step 13: IF w-ps= 3, THEN buzzer will sound for 5 sec and again read password to lock the
door.
Step 14: IF input password is correct, THEN door gets locked.

3.2. STAGE 2 OF THE MODEL

After designing the first stage of the system, second stage has to be designed. The purpose of
this stage is to detect the number of persons inside the house. It is sensed by the IR sensor. For
this purpose, Arduino board, IR sensor and wires will be required. The home appliances will be
activated if at least one person is inside the house. And home appliances will be deactivated as
soon as the last person will exit.

THE ALGORITHM TO DETECT PERSONS INSIDE THE HOME IS STATED AS

FOLLOWS
Step 1: To check whether the door is OPEN or CLOSED
Step 2: IF open, THEN beam sensor will run
Step 3: IF first sensor senses first, THEN second sensor senses. System will count the No. of
persons inside room. It will increase by 1.
Step 4: IF second sensor senses first, THEN first sensor senses. System will count the No. of
persons inside the room. It will decrease by 1.

3.3. STAGE 3 OF THE MODEL

In the third stage, the FAN operation will be controlled. For this Arduino board, Temperature
sensor (LM35) and wires are required. In this part, whether any person is present inside the home
will be checked at first. If no person is there in the house, then fan will be switched off. The fan
can be controlled on the basis of room temperature.

The Algorithmic Steps of the Third Stage of the System Model are Stated as Follows:
Step 1: First to check the count of No. of persons inside the room.
Step 2: IF there is at least one person, THEN temperature sensor will run.
Step 3: Temperature sensor will sense room temperature.
Step 4: IF room temperature is greater than 25 0C, THEN the fan will run.
Step 5: IF room temp is less than or equal to 25 0C, THEN fan will not run.
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Development of a system model for home automation

3.4. STAGE 4 OF THE MODEL

The purpose of the fourth or last stage is to control Light using light sensor. To design this stage,
Arduino Board, Light sensor and Wires will be required. If there is nobody inside the house, then
the light will be switched off. The light is controlled on the basis of intensity of the sunlight.

THE ALGORITHMIC STEPS OF THE FOURTH STAGE OF THE SYSTEM MODEL

ARE STATED AS FOLLOWS :
Step 1: To check the count of No. of persons inside the room
Step 2: IF there is at least one person, THEN light sensor will run.
Step 3: Light sensor will sense the sunlight intensity.
Step 4: IF there is a day outside the room, THEN light will not glow
Step 5: IF night is outside the room, THEN light will glow inside the room.

4. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE HOME AUTOMATION MODEL

With advancement of technology, lives become easier by the use of fingertips. More recently,
living homes have been made a bit more "tech savvy". The home automation technology allows
a home owner to run his/her home from a far distance through a remote, e.g., by a Smartphone
or iPad. In fact, these homes are labeled as "smart" home. The ability of thinking is known as
an automated home [9-12].

Fig. 2: FRONT view of the design model.

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Barman, Ram, Jaiswal, Mondal and Pal

 Servom ction

 Wires
 Door

 Arduino board

 IR Sensor

 Bread board
Multimeter

Temperature sensor is inserted on bread board

 Battery

Fig. 3: The TOP view of the design model.

In Fig. 2, the front view of the design model is shown. In the figure, it is shown that the door
is locked and a keypad is attached on the door. While pressing the Unlock password, the
servomotor will rotate and the door will open automatically. In Fig. 3, top view of the model is
shown. The circuit model with necessary components is shown there.
The limitations of this model are that the Microcontroller used here is of 256 KB. So Image
Processing is not possible for this model. In this model, two IR sensors are used in stage 2
(detection of man). If two persons enter in the room at the same time, then the system is not able
to sense two persons. So, there must be time difference between entering the room. The model
can detect only 256 persons inside the house.
The advantage of the model is the safety. This model can add safety through appliance and it
controls light. It secures a house through automated door locks. It saves electricity. It increases
convenience through temperature adjustment. There are also some disadvantages of this system
model. Of importance is its installation cost. The equipment and installation costs are high. There
may be human error while operating.
A keypad is connected on the entrance door of the room. With a proper Password, the door will
open by servomotor activation. If wrong, password in entered three times, a buzzer will ring for
5 Seconds.

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Development of a system model for home automation

5. CONCLUSION

It is known to all that technology is updating day by day. In the 21st century, humans always try
to reduce human labour as zero yet with effective output. This work on the development of a
model with "Home Automation" is one example of it. Here, with zero human effort the whole
house can be controlled and it is also totally safe and secure. Future of this kind of work is too
bright. Here, the home appliances are controlled automatically. This can be done with the help
GSM module. One can communicate with his/ her house through any place.

REFERENCES
[1] Javale, D., Mohsin, M., Nandanwar, S. and Shingate, M., Home Automation and Security
System Using Android ADK, International Journal of Electronics Communication and
Computer Technology (IJECCT), 2013, Vol. 3(2), pp.382-385.
[2] Kovatsch, M., Weiss, M. and Guinard, D., Embedding Internet Technology for Home
Automation, In the proceedings of IEEE conference on Emerging Technologies and
Factory Automation (ETFA), 2010, DOI:10.1109/ETFA.2010.5641208, pp.1-8.
[3] Jivani, M.N., GSM Based Home Automation System Using App-Inventor for Android
Mobile Phone, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and
Instrumentation Engineering, 2014, Vol. 3(9), DOI:10.15662/ijareeie.2014.0309042,
pp.12121-12128.
[4] Madsen, T.M., Home Automation Systems Integration, Software Engineering Master
Thesis, Department of Computer Science, Aalborg University, Spring, 2010.
[5] Kaur, I., Microcontroller Based Home Automation System with Security, International
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[6] Castro, J. and Psota, J., The Specification, Design, and Implementation of a Home
Automation System, Introductory Digital Systems Laboratory Final Project, 2004,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, pp.1-25.
[7] Naqvi, S.H.R., Raja, S.M.T., Khan, M.U.A. and Athar, T., Home Automation via Bluetooth
(Using Android Platform), pp.1-16, 2011.
[8] Panth, S. and Jivani, M., Home Automation System (HAS) using Android for Mobile
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[9] Kyas, O., How To Smart Home: A Step by Step Guide Using Internet, Z-Wave, KNX &
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[10] Palaniappan, S., Hariharan, N., Kesh, N.T., Vidhyalakshimi, S. and Deborah, S.A., Home
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[11] Arul, S. B., Wireless Home Automation System Using Zigbee, International Journal of
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[12] Ramlee, R.A., Leong, M.H., Singh, R.S.S., Ismail, M.M., Othman, M.A., Sulaiman, H.A.,
Misran, M.H. and Said, M.A.M., Bluetooth Remote Home Automation System Using
Android Application, The International Journal of Engineering And Science (IJES), 2013,
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