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Reducing Adverbial Clauses
Reducing Adverbial Clauses
Reducing Adverbial Clauses
A) After-Before-While
Note: To make reduction, the subjects of the two sentences should be the same.
B) When
Note: In passive sentences or when the verb “to be” is the main verb of the sentence,
we can omit the subject and be.
C) Until - Since
All the old museums must be renovated until they are opened for public again.
All the old museums must be renovated until opened for public again.
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D) As - Since - Because
In cause and effect sentences, we can omit “as, since, because” using Ving/having
V3
Note: If adverbial clause mentions an event which happened before the event in main
clause, then we prefer “having V3” (perfect participle).
Note: If there is "to be + adjective" in adverbial clause, then we can use (being) +
adjective
Because
Since she is suitable for the vacant post, she is lucky.
As
Because she hadn't studied well, she failed in the exam yesterday.
Not having studied well, she failed in the exam yesterday.
Note: We can make reductions even when the subjects are different as long as we use
them at the beginning of the sentence.
Because our car is broken down, we have been traveling to work by bus since last
week.
Our car being broken down, we have been traveling to work by bus since last week.
Note: We can make reductions with “if, unless, as if, whether …or”
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