tvTmwpfckudkxdk;azmufjcif;

tvTmwpfckudk
xdk;azmufjcif;
Ak'¨pmayqk&
a'gufwmcspfi,f('óe)
M.A, PhD
(Philosophy in Religious Sciences)
LONDON

(yxrtBudrf)
 a'gufwmcspfi,f('óe)

trSmpm
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pum;vHk;uawmh udk,fht"dyÜm,feJY? udk,fh pdwful;eJYukd,f
acgif;pOfwyfvdkufwmyg/
tvTmwpfckudk xdk;azmuf&r,fqdkwm ydkrdkeuf½dIif;
wJ h t jrif w pf c k u d k jrif o d E d k i f w ,f q d k w J h oabmud k
azmfjycsifvdkYygyJ/
avmuBuD;rSm toGif oP²ef&Sdw,f? tESpfom&
&Sdw,faygh . toGifoP²efudkazmufNyD; tESpfom&udk jrifzdkY
twGuf BudK;pm;MunfhapcsifwJh oabmvnf; &Sdygw,f/
tESpo
f m&ydik ;f [m euf½iId ;f onfEiS hf trQ El;nHw
h ,f?
todcufw,f? odakY omf trSef&w
dS ,faygh/ 'D trSe&f w
Sd ,fqw
kd hJ
pum;udk odyÜHenf;usajymjyzdkY BudK;pm;Munfhcsifw,f/
OyrmqdkygpdkY ---- tdkif;pwdkif; (Einstein) &JU
tvTmwpfckudkxdk;azmufjcif;
taxGaxGEdIif;& oDtdk&DBuD;[m tdkif;pwdkif; awGUcgpu?
td k i f ; pwd k i f ; tjyif vl E S p f a ,muf y J e m;vnf w ,f v d k U
tqdk&cSd Jhw,f/
tJ ' D ES p f a ,muf u awmif r S ES p f a ,muf x J u
wpf a,mufu ]]usef wJ hw pf a,muf rdr de JY td ki f; pwdk if ;
avmufrS odyghrvm;}} vdkU aMomif;arhzl;wJhtaMumif;
rSwfwrf;&SdcJhzl;w,f/
'Dawmh tJ'D yk*¾dKvf[m wjcm;awmhr[kwfygbl; -
olvnf; EdkA,f(vf)qk Noble Prize &wJh t,f'Dwef
(Eddington) yJ j zpf y gw,f / t,f ' D w ef u d k
,H k& r,fq dk &ifa wmh tdk if ;pwd ki f; uvGJ &if t,f' Dw ef yJ
em;vnfw,faygh/
usef w J h y k * ¾ d K vf a wG ol w d k U ES p f a ,muf a vmuf
em;rvnfavmuf bl;vdkUawmif olu ajymcsifyHk&w,f/
'D a wmh t"d u u td k i f ; pwd k i f ; oD t d k & D B uD ; [m
awG U awG U csif ; u td k i f ; pwd k i f ; uvG J v d k U ES p f a ,muf y J
em;vnfcJhw,fvdkU qdk&r,f/ 'g uRefawmfwdkU odyÜHordkif;&JU
 a'gufwmcspfi,f('óe)
om"u oauFwygyJ/
wpf p H k w pf c k a om trS e f w &m;[m vd k u f p m;rI
tm;enf; aeaomtcg trSefw&m;udk trSefw&m;tjzpfeJY
rawGUjrifEdkifbl;? rod&SdEdkifao;bl;/
Oyrm ---- uRefawmfwdkU tufwrf (Atom) udk
f - tDvufx½Gef (Elec-
aemufq;kH awGU&Scd sufvUkd ,lqcsdeu
tron) &JU wnf&Sdjcif;? uGuf(c) (Quark) &JU wnf&djS cif;udk
rodcJhygbl;? rcefYrSef;Edkifygbl;/
tuf w rf (Atom) [m racszsuf E d k i f a om?
zefwD;ír&Edkifaom tajccH trIefvdkYyJ vufcHcsifMuw,f/
'gayr,fh aemufydkif;rSm Nucleus, Neutron, Pro-
ton, Electron udk awGUvmcJhw,f/ 'Dawmh Atom rS
Atom vdkY ,lqcJhwJh t,lwpfck[m rSm;,Gif;aMumif;
om"u&SdcJhw,f/ wpfcg Electron uaeNyD;wJhaemuf
Quark av; (3)ck xGufvmjyefa&m . 'Dawmh Atom
acwf u Munf h & if Quark av;&S d r ,f v d k Y b,f v d k r S
rwGufqEdkifovdkygyJ? avmuBuD;rSm trSefw&m;&Sdayr,fh
tvTmwpfckudkxdk;azmufjcif;
ravh v m rvd k u f p m;wJ h tcgrS m trS e f w &m;u
ikyfvSsdK;ykef;uG,faewwfwJh oabm&Sdw,f? El;nHhodrfarGUwJh
oabm &Sdw,f? todcufwJhoabmvnf; &Sdwwfygw,f/
'gaMumifh omrn tay:,H tvTmwpfckudk xdk;azmufNyD;
MunfhapcsifwJhoabm pma&;olrSm &SdcJhzl;w,f/ 'gav;udk
wifjyMunfhcsif wmaygh . 'Dawmh apwemeJY pdwf&if;u
aumif;w,fqdkayr,fhvnf; vufawGU wifjywJhtcgus
cufw,f/
OyrmqdkygpdkY ---- awmifpOfckESpfxyftaMumif; .
odyÜHe,fy,frSm awmifpOfckESpfxyftaMumif;udk
ajymvdkYawmh b,fvdkrS xnfhoGif; pOf;pm;rSm r[kwfbl;/
'gayr,f h oD v ? orm"d ? ynm? orx? 0d y óem
usifhBuHBudK;ukwf tvkyfvkyfwJh yk*¾dKvfrsm; tzdkYawmh
awmif p Of c k E S p f x yf u d k aqG ; aEG ; vd k Y & w,f / uJ . ' D a wmh
b,fES,hv
f kyrf vJ ¿ todynm[m tvTmvTm&Sad wmh omrn
tvTmudkawmh xdk;azmufMu pwrf;qdkwJh tm;rmefowådeJY
tvTmwpfcu
k x
kd ;kd azmufjcif; qdw
k hJ pum;vH;k av;udk a½G;cs,f
 a'gufwmcspfi,f('óe)
vdkufjcif; jzpfygw,f/ BudK;pm;NyD;awmh 'DtvTmawGudk
xd k ; azmuf a ewJ h yk * ¾ d K vf t oD ; oD ; &J U
t,ltqav;awGudkvnf; wifjycJhygw,f/
omrntjrifeJU omrn ESpfodrfhaervm;¿
omrntjrifxuf uJvGefwJh trSefwu,f&SdwJh
tjrifudk pdwf0ifpm;rvm;¿
trSew
f u,f&w
dS ,f qdw
k mvnf; avhvm vdu
k pf m;rS
od&Sdem;vnfEdkifwJh oabm&Sd ygw,f/ tdkif;pwdkif;acwfu
taxGaxGEdlif;& oDtdk&DudkyJ Oyrmay;csifygw,f/ odyÜHrSm
'Dvdk OyrmawG &SdcJhw,f/ wdkvfrD (Ptolemy) vufxufu
urÇ m A[d k j yKaygh ae? v? eu© w f w m&mawG [ m
vS n f h y wf a eMuw,f / *,f v D v D , d k (Galileo) eJ Y
aumh y g;eD ; uyf ( p) (Copernicus) ay:vmawmh
aeudkA[dkjyKNyD; urÇmeJY Mu,f? v? eu©wfwm&mawGu
ywfae&w,f / 'gudk Heliocentric Theory vd kY
ac:cJ h M uw,f / a[m - tck a wmh b,f o l r S A[d k
r[kwfawmhbl;vdkY od&jyefNyD/ 'Dawmh t,ltqwpfck[m
 tvTmwpfckudkxdk;azmufjcif;
tvT m vT m ud k xd k; azmufM u pNrJy g/ 'Dv d kq d k& if omrn
jrif o d E d k i f w J h tvT m wpf c k u d k xd k ; azmuf N yD ;
euf ½ d I i f ; wJ h t vT m wpf c k &S d a o;w,f v d k Y wif j yjcif ; [m
odyÜHenf;rusbl;vdkY ajymzdkUawmh awmfawmfcufygw,f/
uRefawmfvnf; odyÜHenf;usudk avhvmcJhwmyJ -
a,bk ,sjyKrIy gw,f? aMumif ;usdK ; quf ET, fr Iygw,f?
BudKwifajymwmygw,f? trSm;trSef ppfaq;wmygw,f/
prf;oyf ppfaq;jcif;trI jyK&wmygw,f/ 'gawG[m odyÜH&JU
*kPf&nfawGygyJ/ 'D*kPf&nfawGeJUtwl avmuDrSm odyÜH[m
xG e f ; awmuf c J h w ,f / uRef a wmf v nf ; vd k u f p m;w,f ?
avhvmw,f? em;vnfcJhw,f/ em;vnfwJh aemufydkif;rSm
odyÜHynm&SifawG[m vlUtodynm&JU txGwf txdyfudk
vdkcsifMuw,f/ olwdkUajymwm -
]] The Highest Triumph of Human
Knowledge}} aygh/
'gusawmh ]] ud & d , mtm;ud k ; wJ h od y Ü H [ m
vuf r d I i f c s&w,f / ud & d , m tm;rud k ; wJ h Ak ' ¨ b mom
 a'gufwmcspfi,f('óe)
usifph OfawGu atmifjrifwmudk awGUvm&w,f }} 'D pum;udk
uRef a wmf pwif r d w f q uf w m pOf ; pOf ; pm;pm;
rd w f q uf j cif ; jzpf y gw,f / od y Ü H [ m ud & d , m tm;ud k ;
vGef;wJhtwGuf ud&d,m&JU taESmuft,Suf cH&wJhtcgrSm .
Ak ' ¨ b momuawmh bmud & d , mrS tm;rud k ; bJ jzLpif
oefU&Sif;atmif usifhw,f? ÓPfynm wnfaqmufw,f/
'DtcgrSm xdk;azmufodjrifEdkifwJh pGrf;&nfawGudk&w,f/ 'gudk
uRef a wmf Ak ' ¨ b momtwG u f aomf v nf ; aumif ; ?
jref r mwd k i f ; ol j ynf o m; pmzwf y &d o wf t wG u f aomf
vnf ; aumif ; ? (od k U r[k w f v nf ; ) urÇ m twG u f a omf
vnf ; aumif ; wif j ycsif a ewm MumygNyD / 'D q E´ u d k
tajcjyKNyD; tvTmwpfck xdk;azmufjcif; qdkwJh pmtkyfudk
a&;om;jzpfwJh oabmygyJ/
'D p mtk y f [ m Ak ' ¨ b mome,f y ,f u b0wpf c k
qd k & if v nf ; rrS m ;ygbl ; / topf t qef ; av;awG u d k
prf;oyfNyD; awG;ac:ajrmfjrifcsifw,f? 0ifpm;csifw,fqdkwJh
yk*Kd¾ vfawGtwGuf Ed;I aqmfr?I vIUH aqmfraI v;wpfck qd&k ifvnf;
tvTmwpfckudkxdk;azmufjcif;
rSm;r,frxifygbl;/ bmyJjzpfjzpf pmzwf y&dowfBuD;udk
wpf p k H w pf c k wif j ycsif a ewm . 'D v d k a v;
wifjyvdkuf&awmhvnf; uRefawmf auseyfoGm;ygw,f/
uRefawmf auseyfovdk pmzwfy&dowfBuD; auseyfygapvdkU
qE´ j yKygw,f / topf t qef ; av;awG y gcJ h & if a wmh
trS e f w &m; &S m azG w J h t cgrS m jzwf o ef ; &wJ h c&D ; u
rvG , f u l a Mumif ; av;awG y g owif ; tcsuf & rS m rd k U
trS e f w &m; &S m azG o l r sm;ud k av;pm;
*k P f j yKaomtm;jzif h v nf ; þpmpk u d k jyKpk v d k u f j cif ;
jzpf y gw,f / 0rf ; omygw,f / a&S U quf v nf ;
a&;om;ay;aeOD;r,fvdkU today;&if; ed*kH;csKyfygw,f/
a'gufwmcspfi,f('óe)
(Doctor of Philosophy in Religious Sciences) LONDON
 a'gufwmcspfi,f('óe)

tvTmwpfcu
k x
kd ;kd azmufjcif;
þacwf o nf ud k , f u sif h & m ud k , f a wmf a om
acwfjzpfonf/ tm;upm; usifholrsm;onf tm;upm;
awmfM uonf/ ody ÜHy nm avh vmvkdu fpm; olrsm;onf
odyyHÜ nm awmfMuonf/ xkUd twl uRefawmf ]]0kP;f av;}}onf
orx0dyóem avhusifhjzpf&m txl;ojzifh orxa&m
0dyóemyg awmfaeonfudk awGU&onf/
atmufyg rSwfwrf;rsm;onf uRefawmfESifhtwl
usifah zmfusifzh ufrsm;\ xl;jcm;qef;jym;aom tvTmwpfcu
k kd
xk d ; azmuf j cif ; qk d i f & m jyóem\ om"u
wpfaphwpfapmif;yif jzpfonf/
0kPf;av; udkarmifvSa& . . . 0dZÆmrBuD;As ¼
udak rmifvS cifAsm;tJ'g ½Irypfb;l vm;¿
tvTmwpfckudkxdk;azmufjcif;
0kPf;av; aetk H ; avAsm - bmrS e f ; nmrS e f ; rS
rod & ao;wm/ uRef a wmf enf ; enf ;
avhvmBunfh OD;r,f/
xkdtcg uRefawmfonf tvTmwpfckukd xkd;azmufrdojzifh
awGUjrif&aom 0dZÆmrav;udk tenf;i,f avhvm0ifpm;
rdonf/
0dZmÆ r bmMunfah ewmvJ¿ tokH;cscsif csyg
vm;/
0kPf;av; igueifhudk bmtokH;cs&rSmvJ¿
(xkdpOfuadk rmifvSu . . . )
udak rmifvS ]]0kPf;av;}} cifAsm; ½IÓPfOD;&if aumif;
r,f xifw,faemf . . .
0kPf;av; tJ'Dvkd owday;wm? tMuHÓPfay;wm
aus;Zl;wifygw,f// uRefawmf owdxm;
Munfyh ghr,f/xdakY emuf 0kPf;av;onf
0dZmÆ rbufoUdk jyefvSnMfh unfhvu
kd o
f nf/
 a'gufwmcspfi,f('óe)
0kPf;av; igu eifu h dk bmtokH;cs&rSmvJ¿ eifvnf;
½kyfemrfyJ r[kwfvm;¿
0dZmÆ r aoG ; ? jynf ? ovd y f r&S d b l ; qk d w m
azmufrjrifbl;vm;¿ b,fvkdvkyfrsm;
'Davmuudk jrifwwfvmwmvJ/ 'Davmuf
eettBuD;u . . .
0kPf;av; ig reygbl;[/ igwkdUqDrSm tqkd&Sdw,f
]]EIid ;f EIdi;f csdecf sdef okcrdef}} wJ/h iguokcrdef
odyfjzpfcsifwm/
0dZmÆ r tydkawGajymraeeJU/ tcgtcGiq fh w
kd m
ESpfcgr&bl;/
0kPf;av; ig'gawG taMumif;rjyKbl;/ odw,f
r[kwv f m;¿
(xkdpOfa,m*DudkarmifvS\ tBuHay;pum;udk0kPf;av;
Mum;vku d f&onf/)
udak rmifvS cif A sm; ½I y pf v k d u f a wmh / r½I y pf b J
'Dtwkid f;xm;&if tajctae rEdkifreif;
jzpf & if raumif ; bl ; / uRef a wmf w k d U
orm"dysufomG ;r,f/
tvTmwpfckudkxdk;azmufjcif;

0kPf;av; uJ 'Davmufawmif&SdvSwm eif tedpöyJ/

ysufawmh . . tckysufawmh ¼
xkdcPü 0dZÆmrcsKyfaysufoGm;onf/
0kPf;av; udkarmifvSa& pdwfcsawmh/ uRefawmf
½Iypfvu kd fNyD/ 0dZmÆ rvnf;oGm;NyD/
udak rmifvS at;Asm/ om"kac:ygw,f/ aMomf - 'geJU
aeygOD;/ tJ'aD &SUu bmvJ¿
0kPf;av; [m ¼ . . ckeu 0dZÆmryJ
(0kP;f av;onf 0dZÆmrbufoUkd vSní fh )
0kPf;av; eifbmjzpfwmvJ¿ ckeu ig½Ivu kd fNyD
r[kwv f m;¿ eifysufomG ;NyDyJ/
(0kP;f av;onf rauseyfojH zifh ajymjcif;jzpfonf/)
0dZmÆ r &Sif uRefrudk ysufatmifyJ ½IEdik w f myg/
aemufxyf rjzpfatmifawmh r½IEkdifb;l /
0kPf;av; atmifrm - w,fpmwJhqdyk gvm; ¼

(xkdpOf q&mBuD;\ toHMum;vku

d f&onf/)
 a'gufwmcspfi,f('óe)

q&mBuD; bmjzpfaeMuwmvJ¿
q&mBuD ; \ tcef ; xJ r S av;euf í MoZmwd u ú r
BuD;rm;aomtoHjzifh ay:xGuf vmonf/
0kPf;av; uRefawmfwkdU 0dZÆmreJU awGUaewmyg/
½I vkd uf awmh aysmuf oGm ;ayrJ h aemuf
wpf c g xyf a y:vmw,f / tJ h ' gq&m
vkyfygOD;/ tNyD;tydkif aysmufroGm;bl;/
(q&mBuD;\toHjzifh . . .)
q&mBuD; at; rif;wkdUu rdef;(main)udk Munf&h w,fu/G [dk
- awmifpOfatmuf rSm rkwfqdwfarT;eJU
awmifa0S;eJU 0dZÆmBuD;&Sdw,f r[kwv f m;¿
'D 0d Z Æ m r awG u 0d Z Æ m rtppf a wG
( original ) awG r[k w f b l ; /
awmif p Of u rf ; yg;,H u 0d Z Æ m BuD ; u
zef q if ; apvT w f a ewm 0d Z Æ m rud k
½IvUdk uawmh rDc;kd rqk;H ? rd;k rqk;H jzpfaer,f/
urf;yg;,Hu rlvblw 0dZÆmBuD;udkom
tedpövu©Pmwifvdu k f
tvTmwpfckudkxdk;azmufjcif;

xkdtcgMurS udkarmifvSESihf 0kPf;av;wkdUonf xkdtqkyd g

0dZÆmBuD;udk vSrf;jrif&vsuf q&mBuD;trdefUtwkdif;xkd
0dZÆmBuD; tay: tedpöwifvdu k f&m 0dZÆmrav;yg ysufokOf;
oGm;onf/
udak rmifvS udk0P
k ;f . . . uRefawmfwkdU ynm&vku d f
wmyJAs/
0kPf;av; [kwfw,f/ udkarmifvaS &/ uRefawmfwdUk
rlvt&if;tjrpfudk rjrifwwfao;awmh
tudki;f tcufeJU toD;tyGifh xkwv f kyfrI
udkom jrifEikd fprG f;&Sdawmh udpörNyD;Ekdiw
f m
aygh / 'D v k d e J U omqk d tvT m wpf c k u d k
xkd;azmuf&mrSm uRefawmfwkdU trsm;BuD;
jyóem wufEkdifao;w,f/
udak rmifvS ]]q&mrjy? enf;rus}} ayyJAsm/ 'gaMumifh
orx0d y óemrS m q&m ta&;BuD ;
aMumif; tqkdtrdefU &Scd w Jh mayghAsm/
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