Basic Grammar

Prepared by Margaretha and Thalitha

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Present Tense Past Tense assignment main topic
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 01
Present Tense
There are two tenses in
English: past and present.

The present tense is used to

talk about the present
There are four present tense forms:
Example
We can use all these forms:

● to talk about the present:

London is the capital of

Britain.

He works at McDonald’s.

He is working at McDonald's.

He has worked there for

three months now.

He has been working there

for three months now.
 03
Past Tense
The past tense in English is used:

● to talk about the past

● to talk about hypotheses
(when we imagine something)
● for politeness.
There are four past tense forms:
We use these forms:

● to talk about the past:

He worked at McDonald's. He had worked

there since July.

He was working at McDonald's. He had

been working there since July.

● to refer to the present or future in hypotheses:

It might be dangerous. Suppose they got lost.

and also to talk about the present in a few polite

expressions:

Excuse me, I was wondering if this was the

train for York.

I just hoped you would be able to help me.

 02
Simple Future
A very confusing concept is when to use
WILL and when to use BE GOING TO when
we refer the future.

Both refer to the future and there is a slight

difference between the two though in most
cases they can be used interchangeably with
no difference in meaning.
When to use GOING TO

1. When we have already decided or we INTEND to do

something in the future. (Prior Plan)

The decision has been made before the moment of

speaking.

● They're going to retire to the beach - in fact they

have already bought a little beach house.

2. When there are definite signs that something is

going to happen. (Evidence)

Something is likely to happen based on the evidence or

experience you have.

● I think it is going to rain - I just felt a drop.

3. When something is about to happen:

● Get back! The bomb is going to explode.

When to use WILL

1. For things that we decide to do now. (Rapid

Decisions)

This is when you make a decision at that moment, in a

spontaneous way.

● I think I'll try one of those. (I just decided this

right now)

2. When we think or believe something about the

future. (Prediction)

● My team will not win the league this season.

3. To make an offer, a promise or a threat.

● I'll give you a discount if you buy it right now.

4. You use WON'T when someone refuses to do

something.

● I told him to take out the trash but he won't do

it.
“Yesterday is history,
tomorrow is a
mystery, today is a gift
of God, which is why
we call it the present.”
Bil Keane
 THANKS!

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