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Learning Area SHS Science

Learning Delivery Modality Online Distance Learning Modality

PULO SENIOR HIGH

School Grade Level 11
SCHOOL
Teacher CRISTINA V. MAQUINTO Learning Area Physical Science

THIRD
LESSON Teaching Date March 22-26, 2021 Quarter
QUARTER
EXEMPLAR
Teaching Time No. of Days 4 days

I. OBJECTIVE/S
The learners will be able to understand the …
A. Content Standards 1. the formation of the elements during the Big Bang and during
stellar evolution
The learners should be able to...
B. Performance Standards make a creative representation of the historical development of the
atom or the chemical element in a timeline.
1. Give evidence for and describe the formation of heavier elements
C. Most Essential Learning during star formation and evolution.
Competencies (MELC) 2. Explain how the concept of atomic number led to the synthesis of
new elements in the laboratory. S11/12PS-IIIb-11
At the end of the lesson, learners are expected to:
Stellar Nucleosynthesis: Rise of the Stars!
1. explain stellar nucleosynthesis;
2. describe the different stages of life cycle of stars;
3. cite the different heavy elements formed in each stages of star
cycle;
4. describe how heavier elements formed during stellar
D. Learning Objectives
nucleosynthesis and evolution.
Synthesis of New Elements in the Laboratory
1. explain how the concept of atomic number led to the synthesis of
new elements in the laboratory;
2. identify the different elements formed after the process of
synthesis;
3. realize the importance of the atomic number in identifying the new
elements identity in the periodic table.
Lesson: Stellar Nucleosynthesis: Rise of the Stars!
II. CONTENT
Lesson: Synthesis of New Elements in the Laboratory

III. LEARNING RESOURCE

A. References

a. Teacher’s Guide Page

Physical Science Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Formation of Heavier Elements!
b. Learner’s Material Page Module 1: Formation of Heavy Elements pages 1-18
Module 2: Concept of Atomic Number Led
to the Synthesis of New Elements in the Laboratory
pages 1-18
c. Textbook Pages
https://youtu.be/3hVchnLHiF0
d. Additional Materials from
https://youtu.be/CNiij3Vda_g
Learning Resources
https://youtu.be/Hg1fRBx8Ro8
B. List of Learning Resources for Google meet

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Google Classroom
Development and Engagement
Google form
Activities
Fb group
IV. PROCEDURES

A. Introduction What I need to know?

The learners will do the walkthrough of the lesson expectations.
In this part, the content of the lesson will be presented.
Learning objectives will also be introduced to guide the learners on the
learning targets founded on MELC.
What’s new?
The learners will read the lesson Stellar Nucleosynthesis:
Stellar Nucleosynthesis
The word “stellar” means star and the formation of elements in the center
of the star is called stellar nucleosynthesis. Carl Sagan said that “We are
made of star stuff.” What did he mean by that? If we know how some
important heavy elements were formed same as stars, that maybe a clue.
The learners will label the sequence of star life cycle. Use the hints/clues
found in the table below this diagram.

Answer:
1. Nebula
2. Protostar
3. Main sequence star
4. Red super giant
5. Supernova
6. Black hole
7. Neutron star
8. Red giant
9. White dwarf
10. Black dwarf
Concept of Atomic Number Led to the Synthesis of New Elements in the
Laboratory
Activity I.I Making Your Own Periodic Table

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a. P and Pr both have one electron each. Pr has a bigger atomic size.
b. Od, Ri, and E are in the same series as P, C, and I. In terms of atomic
size, P is the biggest while C is the smallest. E is a metal while I is a non-
metal. Od is smaller than Ri in atomic size.
c. O has a bigger atomic size than E in the same group. Y is also a bigger
atom than C in the same group. R is more nonmetallic than Pe but more
metallic than Ti.
What I know?
C. Development
The learners will answer the 15 multiple-item activity to test what they
know about Stellar Nucleosynthesis: Rise of the Stars!
and Concept of Atomic Number that Led to the Synthesis
of New Elements in the Laboratory on pages 1-3.
After answering the questions, they may check their answers on page 18 to
determine their background knowledge about the given topic reflected in
the MELC.
What’s in?
The learners will read the paragraphs that introduce preliminary lesson.
Big Bang - It became a theory that also explains the
continuous expansion of the universe. Right after Big Bang, protons and
neutrons combined together and formed light elements Hydrogen and
Helium in the process of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis -Other light elements
such as Lithium and Beryllium were also formed during this process.
Key stages of Big Bang Theory : Singularity, Inflation, Nucleosynthesis
and Recombination
Singularity is a one-dimensional point which contains a huge mass in an
infinitely small space, where density and gravity become infinite and
space-time curves infinitely, and where the laws of physics as we know
them cease to operate. The basic homogeneity in distribution of matter in
the universe was established as a consequence of the first phase of
inflation. Nucleosynthesis was the nuclear fusion and the formation of
new nuclei actions in the early stages of development of the universe.
Recombination - the formation of the capture of free electrons by the
cations in a plasma.
What is it?
The learners will be provided with readings on the:
 Proton Proton Chain reaction
 CNO (Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen) cycle to convert
 Tri alpha process
 Neutron capture (slow or rapid)
Were you able to label all the stages of star? Review the hints/clues in the
previous activity. You will notice that following the sequence will reveal
what happens in each stage of star.
To understand further, the learners will answer the following questions
below.
1. What element from space is pulled by gravity and turn into a
protostar?
____________________________________________________________
__
2. What will happen if a low massive main sequence star runs out
of hydrogen fuel?
____________________________________________________________
__
3. How are heavy elements such as Carbon, Oxygen and Neon
formed during star formation?
____________________________________________________________
__
4. Why is it impossible for any matter such as light and radiation
to escape from a black hole?
____________________________________________________________
__
5. Why do you think massive star has shorter life span than

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average star?
____________________________________________________________
__

Key Points
• The atomic number is the number of protons (positively charged
particles) in an atom.
• Henry Gwyn-Jeffreys Moseley was an English physicist who
demonstrated that the atomic number, the number of protons in an
atom, determines most of the properties of an element.
• In 1919, Ernest Rutherford successfully carried out a nuclear
transmutation reaction a process of transforming one element or
isotope into another element.
• In 1925, there were four vacancies in the periodic table
corresponding to the atomic numbers 43, 61, 85, and 87. Elements
with atomic numbers 43 and 85 were synthesized using particle
accelerators.
• A particle accelerator is a device that is used to speed up the
protons to overcome the repulsion between the protons and the target
atomic nuclei by using magnetic and electrical fields. It is used to
synthesize new elements.

To strengthen the points of their personal reflection and

further develop their knowledge about Lesson: Stellar
Nucleosynthesis: Rise of the Stars! and Lesson: Synthesis of New
Elements in the Laboratory, from the “What I know?” activity, the
learners will proceed with reading and personal discussion. If they
have internet access, they may check this topic online using the links
provided:
https://youtu.be/3hVchnLHiF0
https://youtu.be/CNiij3Vda_g
https://youtu.be/Hg1fRBx8Ro8
What’s more?
D. Engagement
The learners will do/perform the activity indicated in the module.
The learners will match the terms in column A with its description in
Column B.

Answers:
1. B
2. D
3. J
4. H
5. G
6. A
7. C
8. I
9. F

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10. E
The learners will answer Activity 1.1 Write the nuclear reactions
involved in the synthesis of each of the following new elements:
a. Curium (Z = 96) was formed by reacting Pu – 239 with alpha
particles 42He. It has a half-life of 162 days.
b. Mendelevium (Z = 101) was formed by reacting En-253 with
alpha particles.
c. Meitnerium (Z = 109) was formed by cold fusion which involves
the combination of Bi and Fe nuclides at ordinary temperature
Answers:
a. 23994Pu + 42He — > 24296Cm + 10n Cm is named after Marie
and Pierre Curie who had done extensive research on natural
radioactivity.
b. 25399 En + 42He — > 256101Mv + 10n Mv is named after
Dmitri Mendeleev.
c. 20983Bi + 5826Fe — > 266109Mt + 10n
What I can do?
The learners will perform real-life tasks identified in the module.
Now, you have learned how stars are formed and evolve from one
stage to another and its connection with heavy elements from Carbon
through Iron. There are many processes that stars have to undergo
before they evolve from one stage to another. For your next task, the
learners will write a story which relates the events of your life from
past, present and future to the life cycle of a star. Use also those
elements which could symbolize something or anything in your
story. (Use another sheet of paper for this task).
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
______

What other enrichment activities can I engage in?

To further enrich learners’ knowledge, skills, and
attitude/values (KSAVs), they will be performing other enrichment
tasks such as:
On this activity, the learners will see a star with the topic written on
its center. Fill out the parts of the stars with all the concepts you have
learned in this module.

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Research on the latest instruments used in preparing new elements in

the laboratory. What were the instruments used in preparing the
newest four elements, nihonium, moscovium, tennessine, and
oganesson?
What I have learned?
In formulating or creating bits of information reflective of what
they have learned during the Development and Engagement phases,
the learners will read summary of information about the topics.
Read the paragraph then fill in the blanks with the correct word/s.
It all starts with 1. ____________, cloud of gas and dust particle in
outer space. Due to the force of gravity, the
2. ____________ gas is pulled together and eventually became a
protostar. Nebular fusion occurs at the center of the protostar and
becomes stable. During this time, hydrogen is converted into 3.
_____________ forming main sequence star. The size of the star
can be average or massive. A massive main sequence star that runs
out of hydrogen fuel will begin to expand and cool down. This is 4.
________________, the biggest star in the universe. The red super
giant continues to fuse with heavy elements and stops when 5.
___________ is converted in the core of the star. At this point, red
super giant will become a supernova after hundreds of years.

E. Assimilation

What I can do? (Assessment)

The learners will answer the 15-item test/assessment questions
provided pages 8-10
After answering they may check their answers using the key answer
found at the latter part of the module, page 12.
The learners, in their notebook, journal or portfolio will write
V. REFLECTION
their personal insights about the lesson using the prompts

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below.
I understand that _________________________________.
I learned that ___________________________________.

Prepared by:

______________________
CRISTINA V. MAQUINTO
Teacher II-Science Teacher
Date: February 15, 2021

Noted:

_________________________
CAROLINE J. BOBILES, PhD
Master Teacher II/Grade 12 Coordinator
Date:

Approved:

_____________________
JOSELITO A. CAUNIN
Assistant Principal II
Date:

_____________________________
MARIA VICTORIA B. RODRIGUEZ
Principal II
Date:

LESSON EXEMPLAR IN EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE G11_QUARTER 2 CRISTINA V. MAQUINTO, LPT