Topic: Operational Amplifiers

Aim: To become familiar with the use and characteristics of a 741 op-amp, in an ideal
amplifier configuration as an; inverting amplifier as well as noninverting amplifier.

Apparatus:

1. 741 Op-Amp
2. Assorted Resistors
3. Function Generator
4. Digital Multimeter
5. Dual Channel Oscilloscope
6. Power supply

Method (Inverting Amplifier)

𝑉𝑜
1. For each of the combinations of Rf and R1 in Table 1 calculate and record ;
𝑉𝑖𝑛
and Zin for the circuit shown in Figure 1. Assume an ideal op-amp.

2. Construct the circuit shown in Figure 1, see Figure 2 for the pin-out
configuration of the 741 op-amp. Adjust the voltage offset null potentiometer for
Vo (DC) = OV for the circuit in Figure 1 with Vin (DC) = OV.

3. For each of the combinations of Rf and R1 in Table 1 and f = 500Hz:

𝑉𝑜
(a) Measure and record gain, ; Compare with values calculated in Step
𝑉𝑖𝑛
1.
 (b) Find the maximum peak-to-peak output voltage without distortion.

(c) Measure and record Zin ; Compare with values calculated in Step 1.

Figure 1: Inverting Amplifier Figure 2: Pinout Configuration of a 741

OpAmp

Table 1: Values of Rf and R1 for the Inverting

Amplifier

R1 / k Rf / k
10 10
1 10
1 100
0.1 100

Table 2: Maximum Peak

Voltage Limits for Vo
Vop (max) /V
0.08
0.16
0.8
0.8
Results:

For the given experiment two (2) configurations and the characteristics of the 741 op-amp
assuming ideal conditions were examined. Given combinations of RF and R1 (see Table 1),
calculations were performed, Table 2 (Equation [1], Equation [2]) to estimate the 741 op-amp's
behavior. Data was calculated and recorded for comparison (Table 3).

Table 2

Equation [1] Equation [2]

𝑉𝑜 𝑅𝑓
=− Zin = R1
𝑉𝑖 𝑅1

Table 3: Calculated Values for Ideal 741 Inverting Op-Amp

𝐕𝐨 𝑅𝑓
R1 / k Rf / k =− Zin
𝐕𝐢 𝑅1

10 10
1 10
1 100
0.1 100

Next the circuit was constructed (see Figure 1) and a potentiometer was used to adjust the
voltage offset null to obtain Vo (DC) and Vi (DC) equal to zero. Frequency for the AC input
sine wave signal was set to 500Hz with the DC biasing set to 15V(DC). Measurements were
then taken, recorded (Table 4), and compared to the calculated values. Due to the limiting
factors of the test equipment some values for maximum peak-to-peak output voltage were
unobtainable.

Table 4: Measured Values for Ideal 741 Inverting Op-Amp

𝐕𝐨
R1 / k Rf / k Vop (max) /V Zin / 
𝐕𝐢

10 10 − 1.0 No value 11.1 k

1 10 − 11.25 − 27 1.0 k
1 100 − 822.0 − 26 1.0 k
0.1 100 − 1000 − 22 100
Method (Non-Inverting Amplifier)

𝐕𝐨
1. For each of the combinations of Rf and R1 in Table 5, calculate and record and Zin for
𝐕𝐢
the circuit shown in Figure 3. Assume an ideal op-amp.

2. Construct the circuit shown in Figure 3. Adjust for Vo (DC) = OV, for each of the
combinations of Rf and R1, in Table 3 and f = 500 Hz:

𝐕𝐨
(a) Measure and record ; compare with calculated values.
𝐕𝐢

(b) Find the maximum peak-to-peak output voltage without distortion.

Figure 3: Non-Inverting Amplifier

Table 5: Values for Rf and R1 for the Non-Inverting

Amplifier

R1 / k Rf / k
1 10
0.1 10
0.1 100
In the second part of the given experiment the characteristics of a 741 non-inverting op-amp
was examined. Again, combinations of Rf and R1 (see Table 3) were given. Data was then
calculated (Equation [3]), (E.2) to mathematically determine the behavior of the device and
recorded (Table 6).

𝐕𝐨 𝑹𝒇
Equation [3]: = 1+
𝐕𝐢 𝑹𝟏

Table 6: Calculated Values for Ideal 741 Non-Inverting Op-Amp

𝐕𝐨
R1 / k Rf / k Zin
𝐕𝐢

10 10
1 10
1 100
0.1 100

The circuit was constructed (see Figure 3) and a potentiometer was used to adjust the voltage
offset null to obtain Vo (DC) and Vi (DC) equal to zero. Frequency for the AC input sine wave
signal was set to 500Hz with the DC biasing set to 15V(DC). Measurements were then taken,
recorded (Table 7), and compared to our calculated values.

Table 7: Measured Values for Ideal 741 Non-Inverting Op-Amp

𝐕𝐨
R1 / k Rf / k Vop (max) /V
𝐕𝐢

1 10 10.21 27.5
0.1 10 100.0 26.0
0.1 100 900.0 22.0
Discussion

Conclusions