Name: _______________________________ Date: ___________________
with the same speed and in the same direction, ultimately hitting the
Grade & Section: ______________________ Score: __________________
Bridging the Learning Gaps: Intervention and Remediation Activities for Learners and
Intensifying Learning Gains.
First and Second Quarter
Newton’s Three Laws of Motion
Sir Isaac Newton was one of the greatest scientists and mathematicians that ever
lived. He was born in England on December 25, 1643. He was born the same year that Galileo
died. He lived for 85 years.
Isaac Newton was raised by his grandmother. He attended Free Grammar School and
then went on to Trinity College Cambridge. Newton worked his way through college. While
at college he became interested in math, physics, and astronomy. Newton received both a
bachelors and Master’s degree.
While Newton was in college he was writing his ideas in a journal. Newton had new
ideas about motion, which he called his three laws of motion. He also had ideas about gravity,
the diffraction of light, and forces. Newton's ideas were so good that Queen Anne knighted
him in 1705. His accomplishments laid the foundations for modern science and revolutionized
the world. Sir Isaac Newton died in 1727.
Newton’s First Law of Motion: Law of Inertia
An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. An
object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless
acted upon by an unbalanced force.
This law is often called "the law of inertia".
States that an object at rest will stay at rest or an object in motion will stay in motion and
travel a straight line, as long as no external net force acts on it. The object will change its state
of motion only if there is unbalanced or ne force acting upon it.
This means that there is a natural tendency of objects to keep on doing what they're
doing. All objects resist changes in their state of motion. In the absence of an unbalanced
force, an object in motion will maintain this state of motion.
Everyday Applications of Newton's First Law
There are many applications of Newton's first law of motion. Consider some of your
experiences in an automobile. Have you ever observed the behavior of coffee in a coffee cup
filled to the rim while starting a car from rest or while bringing a car to rest from a state of
motion? Coffee "keeps on doing what it is doing." When you accelerate a car from rest, the
road provides an unbalanced force on the spinning wheels to push the car forward; yet the
coffee (that was at rest) wants to stay at rest. While the car accelerates forward, the coffee
remains in the same position; subsequently, the car accelerates out from under the coffee and
the coffee spills in your lap. On the other hand, when braking from a state of motion the
coffee continues forward 
windshield or the dash. Coffee in motion stays in motion.
Have you ever experienced inertia (resisting changes in your state of motion) in an automobile
while it is braking to a stop? The force of the road on the locked wheels provides the
unbalanced force to change the car's state of motion, yet there is no unbalanced force to
change your own state of motion. Thus, you continue in motion, sliding along the seat in
forward motion. A person in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same
direction ... unless acted upon by balanced force of a seat belt. Yes! Seat belts are used to
provide safety for passengers whose motion is governed by Newton's laws. The seat belt
provides the unbalanced force that brings you from a state of motion to a state of rest. Perhaps
you could speculate what would occur when no seat belt is used. 
There are many more applications of Newton's first law of motion. Several applications are
listed below. Perhaps you could think about the law of inertia and provide explanations for
each application.
 Blood rushes from your head to your feet while quickly stopping when riding on a
descending elevator.
 The head of a hammer can be tightened onto the wooden handle by banging the
bottom of the handle against a hard surface.
 A brick is painlessly broken over the hand of a physics teacher by slamming it with a
hammer. (CAUTION: do not attempt this at home!)
 To dislodge ketchup from the bottom of a ketchup bottle, it is often turned upside
down and thrusted downward at high speeds and then abruptly halted.
 Headrests are placed in cars to prevent whiplash injuries during rear-end collisions.
 While riding a skateboard (or wagon or bicycle), you fly forward off the board when
hitting a curb or rock or other object that abruptly halts the motion of the skateboard..
Second Law of Motion. 
States that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net
force acting on it and is inversely proportional to its mass.
Acceleration = net force / mass
Fnet Newton N
a= = =
m kilograms kg
a = m/s²
This is often arranged as
Fnet = ma
units
= kg (m/s²)
= Newton / N
  Two forces are equal in size.
Examples:  Two forces are opposite to each other in terms of direction.
1. Suppose a ball of mass 0.60kg is hit with a force of 12N. Its acceleration will be:  Two forces act along the same line.
Given: Mass = 0.60 kg, Fnet = 12N  Two forces act upon the same object.
Unknown: a or acceleration For every action there is an equal and opposite re-action.
This means that for every force there is a reaction force that is equal in size, but
Fnet opposite in direction. That is to say that whenever an object pushes another object it gets
Equation: a =
m pushed back in the opposite direction equally hard. 
Let's study how a rocket works to understand
12 N Newton's Third Law. 
Solution: a = =0.60√ 12 The rocket's action is to push down on the ground with the force of its powerful engines, and
0.60 kg
the reaction is that the ground pushes the rocket upwards with an equal force.
Answer the following:
Specific answer: 1. Who was the scientist who gave us the Laws of Motion?
a = 20 m/s²
2. Determine the acceleration that result when a 12N force is applied to a 3kg object. 2. How many Laws of Motion are there?
3. A net force of 15N is exerted on an encyclopedia to cause it to accelerate at a rate of 5 m/s². 3. What is another name for the first law of motion?
Determine the mass of the encyclopedia. 4. Which law explains why we need to wear seat belts?
Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass (of the
object being accelerated) the greater the amount of force needed (to accelerate the object). 5. Which law says that force is equal to mass times acceleration (F=MA)?
Everyone unconsciously knows the Second Law. Everyone knows that heavier
objects require more force to move the same distance as lighter objects. 6. Which law says that heavier objects require more force than lighter objects to move or
Kicking a wall hurts, kicking a ball fun.. accelerate them?
However, the Second Law gives us an exact relationship between force, mass, and 7. Which law explains how rockets are launched into space?
acceleration. It can be expressed as a 8. Which law says that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction?
FORCE = MASS times ACCELERATION
This is an example of how Newton's Second Law works: 9. What does the letter A means in the second law of motion (F=MA)?
Mike's car, which weighs 1,000 kg, is out of gas. Mike is trying to push the car to a gas 10. Complete the third law of motion “For every action there is an equal and opposite
station, and he makes the car go 0.05 m/s/s. Using Newton's Second Law, you can compute
“
how much force Mike is applying to the car. Answer = 50 newtons
Newton’s Third Law of Motion: Law of Interaction
States that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
The difference between the forces related to Law of Interaction and forces in a balanced state
are as follows:
Action-Reaction Forces
 Two forces are equal in size.
 Two forces are opposite to each other in terms of direction.
 Two forces have the same line of action.
 Action acts on one object, while reaction acts on another object.
Balanced Forces
 at the top of the coaster. As the car travels down the coaster, it gains speed and kinetic energy.
At the same time it is gaining kinetic energy, it is losing potential energy. At the bottom of the
coaster the car has the most speed and the most kinetic energy, but also the least potential
KINETIC ENERGY
energy.
What is kinetic energy?
Kinetic energy is the energy an object has due to its motion. As long as an object is
Example problems:
moving at the same velocity, it will maintain the same kinetic energy.
1. A car and a bicycle are traveling at the same speed, which has the most kinetic energy?
The kinetic energy of an object is calculated from the velocity and the mass of the
The car does because it has more mass.
object. As you can see from the equation below, the velocity is squared and can have a
2. A ball weighs around 1 kg and is traveling at 20 meters per second, what is its kinetic
significant impact on the kinetic energy.
energy?
Here is the equation for calculating kinetic energy (KE):
G – m= 1 kg, v= 20 m/s
U – kinetic energy
KE = 1/2 * m * v2
E – KE = 1/2 * m * v2
S – KE = 1/2 * 1kg * (20 m /s)2 = ½* 40 kgm2/s2
where m = mass and v = velocity
= ½* 1kg *(20m/s*20m/s) = 40 kgm2/s2
= ½* 1kg *40 m2/s2 2
1. Multiply the velocity by itself. (v x v)
S – KE = 200 J
2. Multiply the product of velocity to the mass.
3. A boy weighs 50 kg and is running 3 meters per second, what is his kinetic energy?
3. Divide the product by two (2).
G – m= 50 kg, v= 3 m/s
U – kinetic energy
How to Measure Kinetic Energy
E – KE = 1/2 * m * v2
The standard unit for kinetic energy is the joule (J). The joule is the standard unit for
S – KE = 1/2 * 50kg * (3 m /s)2 = ½* 450 kgm2/s2
energy in general. Other units for energy include the newton-meter (Nm) and the kilogram
= ½* 50kg *(3m/s*3m/s) = 450 kgm2/s2
meter squared over seconds squared (kg m2/s2).
= ½* 50kg *9 m2/s2 2
Kinetic energy is a scalar quantity, which means it only has a magnitude and not a
S – KE = 225 J
direction. It is not a vector.
Interesting Facts about Kinetic Energy
How is it different from potential energy?
 If you double the mass of an object, you double the kinetic energy.
Kinetic energy is due to an object's motion while potential energy is due to an
 If you double the speed of an object, the kinetic energy increases by four times.
object's position or state. When you calculate an object's kinetic energy, its velocity is an
 The word "kinetic" comes from the Greek word "kinesis" which means motion.
important factor. Velocity, however, has nothing to do with an object's potential energy.
 Kinetic energy can be passed from one object to another in the form of a collision.
Example Using A Roller Coaster  The term "kinetic energy" was first coined by mathematician and physicist Lord
One way to think of potential and kinetic energy is to picture a car on a roller coaster. Kelvin
As the car travels up the coaster it is gaining potential energy. It has the most potential energy

Answer the following. Write your answer on the space provided.
1. Kinetic energy is the energy an object has due to its ________.
2. Kinetic energy can be calculated from what two measurements?
3. What is the standard unit of measurement for kinetic energy?
4. Potential energy is the energy an object has due to its ________.
5. True or False: Kinetic energy is a vector measurement because it has both a magnitude and
direction.
6. Where would a car traveling on a roller coaster have the most potential energy?
7. What would happen to the kinetic energy of an object if you doubled the mass?
8. If a plane was traveling at the same velocity as a bird, which would have the most kinetic
energy (assuming the plane has more mass)?
9. If a 2 kg ball is traveling at 4 meters per second, what is its kinetic energy?
10. If a 1000 kg car is traveling at 3 meters per second, what is its kinetic energy?
POTENTIAL ENERGY
What is potential energy?
Potential energy is the stored energy an object has because of its position or state. A
bicycle on top of a hill, a book held over your head, and a stretched spring all have potential
energy.
How to Measure Potential Energy
The standard unit for measuring potential energy is the joule, which is abbreviated as
"J."
How is it different from kinetic energy?
Potential energy is stored energy while kinetic energy is the energy of motion. When
potential energy is used it is converted into kinetic energy. You can think of potential energy
as kinetic energy waiting to happen.
A Car on a Hill
We can compare potential and kinetic energy by considering a car on a hill. When
the car is at the top of the hill it has the most potential energy. If it is sitting still, it has no
kinetic energy. As the car begins to roll down the hill, it loses potential energy, but gains
kinetic energy. The potential energy of the position of the car at the top of the hill is getting
converted into kinetic energy.
Gravitational Potential Energy
One type of potential energy comes from the Earth's gravity. This is called
gravitational potential energy (GPE). Gravitational potential energy is the energy stored in an
object based on its height and mass. To calculate the gravitational potential energy we use the
following equation:
GPE = mass * g * height
GPE = m*g*h
Where "g" is the standard acceleration of gravity which equals 9.8 m/s2. The height is
determined based on the height the object could potentially fall. The height may be the
distance above the ground or perhaps the lab table we are working on.
Example problems:
What is the potential energy of a 2 kg rock sitting at the top of a 10 meter high cliff?
G – m=2kg, g= 9.8m/s2, h=10meters
U – Potential Energy (PE)
E – GPE = mass * g * height
S – GPE = 2kg * 9.8 m/s2 * 10m
 S – GPE = 196 J
Potential Energy and Work
The potential energy is equal to the amount of work done to get an object into its
position. For example, if you were to lift a book off the floor and place it on a table. The
potential energy of the book on the table will equal the amount of work it took to move the
book from the floor to the table.
Other Types of Potential Energy
 Elastic - Elastic potential energy is stored when materials stretch or compress.
Examples of elastic potential energy include springs, rubber bands, and slingshots.
 Electric - Electric potential energy is the capacity for doing work based on the
object's electric charge.
 Nuclear - The potential energy of the particles inside an atom.
 Chemical - Chemical potential energy is the energy stored up in substances due to
their chemical bonds. One example of this is the energy stored in gasoline for a car.
Interesting Facts about Potential Energy
 Scottish scientist William Rankine first coined the term potential energy in the 19th
century.
 The equation for calculating the potential energy of a spring is PE = 1/2 * k * x2,
where k is the spring constant and x is the amount of compression.
 The concept of potential energy goes all the way back to Ancient Greece and the
philosopher Aristotle.
Answer the following. Write your answer on the space provided.
1. Potential energy is the energy an object has due to its ________.
2. What is the standard unit of measurement for potential energy?
3. Kinetic energy is the energy an object has due to its ________.
4. Where does a car on a hill have the most potential energy?
5. Gravitational potential energy is the potential energy of an object based on its __________.
6. Which of the following formulas is used to find gravitational potential energy?
7. What is the gravitational potential energy of a 1 kg ball that is 2 meters above the floor?
8. What is the gravitational potential energy of a 3 kg ball that is 1 meter above the floor?
9. If a red ball is higher than a blue ball and both balls have the same mass, which ball has
more potential energy?
10. If a 2 kg rock has 196 J of gravitational potential energy, how high is it?
POWER
What is power?
The word "power" is often used to describe someone in authority like a king or a
dictator. It's also used to describe someone or something that is very strong like a baseball
player that hits home runs. In physics, power is used to describe the rate at which energy is
used. In other words, it is a measurement of how fast you are using energy.
The equation that describes power is:
Power = Work ÷ Time
or
P = W/t
Example problems:
Whether you run up a flight of stairs in 5 seconds or take a slow walk up the same
flight in 40 seconds, you are doing the same amount of work. However, you are doing it at a
different rate. When you run up the stairs you are working much faster. While running up the
stairs you have a higher power than when you walk up the stairs.
If the work it takes you to climb the stairs is 1000 joules, then we can calculate the
power in both cases P1 (running) and P2 (walking):
G – w=1000J, t=5 sec G – w=1000J, t=40sec
 U – potential energy U - potential energy  Explosions may not always release a lot of energy, but because they release energy
E – P = W/t E - P = W/t over a very short period time, they can still be very powerful.
S – P1 = 1000 J ÷ 5 s S - P2 = 1000 J ÷ 40 s  The "power" bill we get in the mail is usually billed in kilowatt hours. This is power
S – P1 = 200 W S - P2 = 25 W over time which is actually a measurement of energy used and not power.
You can see that the power was much higher while running the stairs than while walking.  The power exerted by the Space Shuttle rockets at lift-off is around 12 billion watts.
 One horsepower is equal to the power it takes to lift 550 pounds up one foot in one
How to Measure Power second.
The standard unit for measuring power is the Watt. From the equation above we can
see that power is Work ÷ Time. The unit for work is the joule (J), so a Watt is the same as a Answer the following. Write your answer on the space provided.
joule/second or J/s. 1. Power in physics is the rate at which _____ is used.
Another common unit for power that is used for automobile engines and machines is
horsepower. One horsepower is about equivalent to 745.7 Watts. 2. To calculate power, we use the formula: Power = Work divided by ______.

3. What is the standard unit of measurement for power?

Power and Force
Power can also be calculated from the force and velocity of an object using the
following equation: 4. Will you use more power running up the stairs or walking up the stairs?
power = force * velocity
5. What is the equation used for calculating power from force and velocity?
Electrical Power
When figuring out the electrical power, we use the current and the voltage. Current is 6. What is the equation used for calculating electrical power?
measured in amperes (A) and voltage is measured in volts (V). Note: Current is represented in
equations with an "I." 7. If it takes 10 J of work to move a rock 15 meters in 5 seconds, what is the power?
Power = Current * Voltage
P=I*V 8. If it takes 50 J of work to climb a set of stairs, how fast would you have to climb them to
Example problem: use 5 Watts of power?
What is the power of an electrical circuit generating 3 amperes at 10 volts?
G – I=3amperes, V=10volts
9. What is the electrical power of a circuit generating 5 Amps and 8 Volts?
U – electrical power
E–P=I*V
10. How many watts are in a horsepower?
S – P = 3A * 10V
S – P = 30 Watts

Interesting Facts about Power

 2. COLD FRONT – happens when cold air advances toward the region occupied by warmer
air.

MODULE 2: TYPHOON
PAGASA – Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration 3. Stationary Front – happens when there is a relatively no movement or change in the
NDRRMC – National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council position of the front. This usually brings about cloudiness and light rain.
PDRRMC – Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
SDRRMC – School Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
DOST – Department of Science and Technology
DSWD – Department of Social Welfare and Development
PRC – Philippine Red Cross
PSWS – Public Storm Warning Signal
ITCZ – Intertropical Convergence Zone
LPA – Low Pressure Area or Cyclones
HPA – High Pressure Area or Anticyclones
PAR – Philippine Area of Responsibility 4. Occluded Front – occurs when a cold front moves toward the warm front. This meeting of
Northeast Monsoon – amihan, felt strongest from November to February two fronts usually results to a wave cyclone where the cold front wedges through the warm
Southwest Monsoon – habagat, felt strongest from July to October. front and the latter glides over the former.
Prone – having a natural inclination or tendency to something.
Meteorology – the interdisciplinary scientific study of the atmosphere.
AIR MASS – a body of air extending hundreds or thousands of miles horizontally and
sometimes as high as the stratosphere
FRONTS – is a boundary between two air masses having different densities.
---- 0 ---- 0 ---- 0 ---- 0 ---- 0 ---- 0 ---- 0 ---- 0 ---- 0 ---- 0 ----
KINDS OF FRONTS
1. WARM FRONT – is developed when warm air extends towards the area that the cooler air
occupies.
Weather Disturbances – is usually associated with torrential rains, flash floods,
thunderstorms, tornadoes, and low-pressure areas, or cyclones. The Philippines experiences
different weather disturbances. These disturbances take place in the atmosphere. Storms are
extreme weather disturbances in the atmosphere. The largest storms that develop in the
Earth’s atmosphere are given different names. They are called typhoons in the Philippines and
in the western Pacific Ocean; cyclones in the Indian Ocean; and hurricanes in the eastern
North Pacific and North Atlantic Ocean.
PAGASA of DOST is in charge of observing, recording, and studying weather conditions in
the Philippines as it enters and exit PAR. PAGASA issues bulletins to notify the public about
its location, how the strong wind is, its expected path, probable time of landfall, warnings to
fishermen and seafarers, and warnings of danger from storm surge, flood and landslide.
EVAPORATION, CONDENSATION, PRECIPITATION
The energy received from the sun heats the surface of the earth causing the warming
of air. Warm air will then rise and result a low pressure area on the region where warm air
moved from. This area sort of becomes a vacuum that sucks the air from nearby region. This
is because air tends to move from an area with higher pressure to an area of lower pressure.
The result will be the rising of warm air and meeting (convergence) of cooler air in the low
pressure area. Since the earth is rotating on its axis, the air will not move directly to the area
with lower pressure but rather be bent or deflected to its right (Corioliseffect). Cooler air from
different directions moving the area with lower pressure and the rising of the warm air forms
the cyclone.
For a tropical cyclone to develop, the following conditions are necessary;
A. There must be a continuous supply of rising moist air.
B. the air at the center must rise high enough to cool and brings about condensation.
C. The exit of the air above is continuous, thus, permitting a continuous flow of warm moist
air from below.

WHY IS THE PHILIPPINES PRONE TO TYPHOONS?

1. Vast surface area of the Pacific Ocean;
2. Warm waters of the tropical sea, not only the surface water but also to a depth of around 46
meters below the surface.
3. Location of the Philippines right along the path of typhoon that originate from the Caroline-
Marianas Island.
Water goes through several processes as it cycles on the Earth. Evaporation is the 4. Presence of monsoons, particularly the Southwest monsoon or habagat, that bring in plenty
process that changes liquid water to gas. The heat from the sun changes water to vapor. Heat of rain.
also melts the snow and ice into liquid, which eventually evaporates.
Water vapor rises to the atmosphere then turns back to liquid form because of the
cooler temperature of the surroundings. This is known as condensation. This process builds TYPHOON CATEGORIES
up the amount of liquid in the air, which goes back to Earth as rain or snow in a process called CATEGORY WIND SPEED
precipitation. Tropical depression From 35 to 64 kph near the center
Tropical storm From 65 to 188 kph near the center
HOW A TROPICAL CYCLONE DEVELOPS? Typhoon From 119 to 200 kph near the center
Most tropical cyclones form over vast ocean areas covered by very warm moist air Super typhoon Maximum of 200 kph near the center
masses. The water in such areas is warmer than the surrounding waters. Such areas are found
near the equator where the Northeast Trade Winds and the Southeast Trade Winds met,
forming the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). The twisting forces of the earth’s rotation
cause the spinning of the winds of a cyclone, starting from the twirling of the opposing winds
around each other.
 COLOR RAINFALL WARNINGS
Effects of Typhoon:
1. Storm surges – is an offshore rise of water associated with low pressure weather
system. These result to environmental degradation such as destruction of mangroves,
coral reef, bay, and gulf.
2. Strong winds
3. Floods and flashfloods
4. Landslides

INSTRUMENTS USED IN WEATHER FORECASTING

1. Sling psychrometer – is used to measure relative humidity.

2. Hydrograph – records relative humidity.
3. Rain gauge – measure the amount of rain in centimeter or inches.
PARTS OF A TYPHOON 4. Anemometer, wind vane, aerovane - records the intensity and direction of air
movement.
5. Pilot balloons, and satellite – measures the upper-air wind speed and direction.
6. Radiosonde – measure weather conditions at the upper level of the atmosphere.

PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES:

Before the Typhoon

 Store an adequate supply of ready to eat food and clean water.
 Keep flashlights, candles, and battery operated radio within easy reach.
 Examine your house and repair its unstable parts.
 Always keep yourself updated with the latest weather report.
 Harvest crops that can be yielded already.
 Secure domesticated animals in safe place.
  For fisher folks, place boats in a safe area. b. Philippine Atmospherical, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Association
 Should you need to evacuate, bring clothes, first aid kit, candles/flashlights, battery c. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
operated radio, food, etc. d. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Association
5. Happens when there is a relatively no movement or change in the position of front.
During the Typhoon: a. Warm front b. Cold front c. Stationary front d. Occluded front
 Stay inside the house. 6. Tropical storm name that develop in the Indian Ocean.
a. Tornado b. hurricane c. Typhoon d. Cyclone
 Always keep yourself updated with the latest weather report.
7. The following are the processes occur in water cycle except.
 If safe drinking water is not available, boil water for at least 20 minutes. Place in a a. Evaporation b. Condensation c. Disposition d. Precipitation
container with cover. 8. It is a boundary between two air masses having different densities.
 Keep an eye in lighted candles or gas lamps. a. Air mass b. Eye wall c. Front d. LPA
 Do not wade through flood waters to avoid electrocuted and contracting diseases. 9. Part of typhoon that produces the most devastating winds.
 If there is a need to move to an evacuation center, follow these reminders: a. Eye b. Eye wall c. Rain bands d. Strong winds
 Evacuate calmly. 10. What does ITCZ stands for?
 Close windows and turn off the main power switch. a. Inter Tropically Convergence Zone c. Inter Tropical Conversion Zone
 Put important appliances and belongings on a high ground. b. Inter Tropical Convergent Zone d. Inter Tropical Convergence Zone
 Avoid the way leading to a river.
COMETS, ASTEROIDS, AND METEOROIDS
After the Typhoon: Astronomical unit (AU) – a unit of length used for the distance in the solar system, the
 If your house was destroyed, make sure that it is already safe and stable when you average distance between the earth and sun, 149,600,000 kilometers.
ASTEROIDS
enter.
Small rock fragments that orbit the sun are called asteroids. They are sometimes
 Beware of dangerous animals, such as snakes, that may have entered your house.
called minor planets. And just like planets they have their own orbit that is usually ellipse.
 Watch out for live wires or outlet immersed in water. There are around 50,000 asteroids, and most of them are found in the region between the
 Report damaged electrical cables and fallen electric post to the authorities. orbits of Mars and Jupiter, called asteroid belt. Some asteroids have unconventional orbits,
 Do not let water accumulate in tires, cans or pots to avoid creating a favorable and are not confined to the asteroid belt. Some would pass near the Sun, while some others
condition for mosquito breeding. pass near the Earth and its moon, which may eve collide with it. The crates on the surface of
the moon and the Earth are said to be caused by impact of collision with some asteroids.
I. Select the best answer. Write the answer on the blank using capital letters. Avoid erasures. Classification of Asteroids
1. A large body of air that has temperature and moisture content. 1. Carbon - mostly dark in color
a. Air mass b. Eye wall c. Front d. LPA 2. Iron and Nickel – metallic
2. Tropical storm name that develop in the Western Pacific Ocean. 3. Silicate – like a common rock
a. Tornado b. hurricane c. Typhoon d. Cyclone Types of Asteroids
3. The clear calm center of the typhoon. Asteroids – include Ceres, Pallas, Juno, and Vesta. They revolve in orbits between Mars and
a. Eye b. Eye wall c. Rain bands d. Strong winds Jupiter. Ceres is the largest asteroids, discovered in 1807 and has a diameter of about 955
4. What does PAGASA stands for? kilometers.
a. Philippine Atmospherical, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
Apollo Asteroids – there are thousands of this type of asteroids whose elliptical orbits are
controlled by Jupiter. The asteroids constantly cross the Earth’s orbit and there is the
possibility to collide with Earth. If this happens, it will cause destruction on Earth. The Apollo
groups are the Eros, Icarus, and Geogrpphus. Kuiper belt
Trojan Asteroids – the asteroids that lie in the asteroid belt, named after the hero of Troy.
These asteroids are equal of distances from Jupiter and the sun, so, they remain stationary
unless they are greatly disturbed by other planets

COMETS
Comets are bodies made of ice and dust. The ice is made up of frozen water and
gases like methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ammonia, mixed with dust of rocks
and metal.
Comets only become visible when they are near the sun. The energy from the sun
causes the frozen gases to vaporize and produce a glowing head of a comet called coma. The
size of a coma can look bigger than the sun, but most would be like the size of Jupiter. A
glowing portion within the coma is the nucleus of a comet. A tail is formed as the comets
come near the sun. This tail can be millions of kilometers long and are extended away from
the sun. The dust particles of the comet are pushed away from the coma by radiation
pressure, while the ionized gases are blown by the solar wind.
METEOROIDS
Meteoroids are pebble-sized particles that are believed to be debris of other celestial
bodies like asteroids. When a meteoroid enters the Earth’s atmosphere, it is called meteor.
The friction during the collision of a meteor with the air produces the light that is seen in a
dark night sky. The debris left from the collision of a meteor with the atmosphere is called a
meteorite. Meteor shower appears when the earth’s atmosphere is bombarded with meteors at
any time. Several meteors will be seen on a night sky during this event.
I. Put a () in the appropriate boxes to indicate characteristics of asteroids,
comets and meteors.
WHO AM I ?

The orbit of comet varies. Some comets pass near the sun every several decades
while others have orbits that go beyond Pluto and come back after a few millennia, these are Characteristics
called short-period comets. Halley’s Comet is an example of short-period comets, appearing
every 76 years. They orbit along Kuiper belt, found beyond the orbit of Pluto. Long-period Asteroid Comets Meteors
comets are those that go beyond Pluto’s orbit and disappear for thousands of years. They Made up of ice,
usually orbits along Oort Cloud. dust, and gas.

Appears as a streak
in the sky.
Made up of rock
and ice metal.
Have a long ion
Tail
Ceres is one

Orbit the sun

Often called the
“shooting star”
Sometimes called a
“dirty snowball”
Most are found in
the Oort Cloud or
Kuiper belt
Slowly burns up the
Earth’s atmosphere
Orbits between
Mars and Jupiter

________________________________
Signature of Parent Over Printed Name