Assignment – 08

Instructions for Assertion-Reasoning :

Assertion and Reasoning are two statements given in the questions denoted by ‘A’ and ‘R’
respectively. For all such questions options (1 to 4) are as below. Read the question carefully and
answer accordingly.

1. Both Assertion ‘A’ & Reasoning ‘R’ are true and R is correct reason/explanation of ‘A’
2. Both ‘A’ & ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ is NOT the correct reason/explanation of ‘A’
3. ‘A’ is true & ‘R’ is false
4. ‘A’ is false & ‘R’ is true
5. Both ‘A’ & ‘R’ are false

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Q1.

A: A nozzle is said to be operating in Under-expanded condition if exit pressure is higher than the
back pressure.

R: If the exit pressure in lower than back pressure then the nozzle is said to be operating in Over-
expanded regime.

Ans :2

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Q2.

A: Convergent – divergent section upstream of the test section in a supersonic wind tunnel acts as
the diffuser very similar to the convergent -divergent section upstream of the compressor in the
supersonic intake.

R: Diffuser’s main function is to decelerate the flow

ANS: 4

Q3.

A: Complete shock free operation is very difficult to achieve in supersonic diffusers.

R: Because complete shock free operation is not possible to achieve in supersonic nozzles..

Ans: 3

Q4.

A: Simple divergent ducts can also be operated as Supersonic diffusers with reduced pressure
recovery.

R: Normal shock at the entry of the diffuser reduces the pressure recovery.
Ans : 1

Q5.

A: For a supersonic C-D diffuser to start, A min/throat < A*ideal .

R: After the normal shock at the entrance of the diffuser, as P 0 decreases, chocked mass flow rate
(which is proportional to P0 ) decreases. Hence smaller throat area required to accommodate the
reduced mass flow rate.

Ans: 5

Q6.

A: For ground testing of a re-entry capsule in a wind tunnel, to maintain dynamic similitude, Mach
number and Reynolds number are sufficient if considered for scaling.

R: As re-entry speeds are of the range of supersonic flow, enthalpy of the flow is not necessary to be
consider.

Ans: 5

Q7.

A: Shock tunnels though with runtime of the order of micro/milli seconds, still are indispensable
tools for ground testing of hypersonic flows over objects.

R: Shock tunnels provide Enthalpy matching & gaseous composition flexibility over high-speed wind
tunnels.

Ans : 1

Q8.

A: Diffusers increase the runtime only in indraft type wind tunnels but not in blow down type wind
tunnels.

R: Diffusers used for pressure recovery, generates higher pressures in vacuum tanks while keeping
the test section in operating conditions – thus increasing the runtime to fill the vacuum tanks of
indraft wind tunnels. Whereas in blow down type tunnels, runtime is dependent on the amount of
the pressure reduced in the reservoir, while still maintaining the operating conditions in the test
section. As information doesn’t propagate upstream in the supersonic flow, adding the diffuser
downstream of the test-section in blow-down type wind tunnel hardly makes any difference.

Ans : 5
Q9.

A: A supersonic aircraft having capability of flying at Mach 2, at both Mean Sea Level and 10km
altitude required ground testing in wind tunnels for both operating conditions. For mean sea level, it
needs to be tested in Indraft wind tunnels and for 10km altitude in blow down wind tunnel.

R: Reynolds number of the aircraft at mean sea level is higher than at 10km altitude.

Ans : 4

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Q10.

A: Shocks can appear only in either divergent part or at the entry of the supersonic / C- D diffuser.

R: Diffusers operates in adverse pressure gradient.

Ans : 2

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(For Q 11 & Q12) A Supersonic Drone to be designed to fly at Mach 2.5. It’s engine should have a
convergent – divergent diffuser, which is symmetric about its minimum area cross-sectional plane.

Q11. For the diffuser to start what fraction of the inlet area should be the minimum area of diffuser?

Ans: 0.759

Q12. With this geometrical configuration, what shall be the optimum pressure recovery co-efficient
(i.e, ratio of actual pressure recovery to the ideal pressure recovery) in the diffuser?

Ans: 0.706