GRAMMAR Overview of passives Passive sentences focus on the receiver ofthe action by making it the subject of the sentence. ‘The agent that performs the action can be omitted or follow by after the verb. Passive = subject + form of be + past participle (+ by + agont) ‘Simple present: Steve Jobs is remembered fr his contnibutions to communications technologies. Present continuous: Many of his design innovations are stl being imitated (oy competitors) Present perfect: Business presentations have been forever transformed by his simple but engaging style ‘Simple past: Nelson Mandela was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993, Past continuous: Mandel’ ight was being kept alive (oy activists) around the world, Future with going fo: Mandela is always going to be remembered for his great speectes. Modals: Jobs will also be remembered 2s an inspiring pubic speaker. Past modals: No one should have been surprised. A Look at the Starting Point on page 80 again. Can you find another example of the passive? What verb form is it in? BB Change these active sentences to the passive. Keep or omit the agent as appropriate. 41. The Internet has changed the way the world communicates. The way the world communicates has been changed by the Internet. 2, People should deliver presentations confidently and cheerfully. 3, Someone should have told the students to speak louder during their speeches. 4, Counselors are advising married couples to ‘communicate more openly. 55. Long ago, people used smoke signals to send simple messages in China. 6. After the ceremony, the president is ‘announcing the scholarship recipients. 7. Translators are going to translate the president’s speech into 35 languages. 8, The principal was making an announcement when the microphone went dead. ‘© Complete these sentences with information about language that is true for you. ‘Then add another sentence of your own using a passive verb form, 1. I've been told by many people that... . ‘my English sounds quite formal. My classmates and | are encouraged to ... . Lope that someday | will be complimented on... Students should / shouldn't be forced to Languages should be taught. . . ve been advised .. Not long ago, | was told thatVOCABULARY Discourse markers A Discourse markers are expressions that make communication flow more smoothly, Match each expression below with a function it serves. Sometimes more than one answer is possible, . to add information €. to introduce contrasts a. to open a presentation d. tointroduce similarities f, to close a presentation b. to sequence information 1. in conclusion 5. nevertheless 9. likewise 2. next 6 inadition —_10. yet 8. similarly 7 tosumup —_11, first / second / third 4, to begin 8. first of all 12. furthermore: B Pair work Compiete each sentence with an expression from part A. ‘Sometimes more than one answer is possible. LISTENING Getting your message across "@A Listen to advice about speaking in public. Choose the items the speaker mentions. Othe audience O posture the outline Di eye contact, Cl pronunciation D voice Cl practicing questions C1 humor O speed @B Listen again. Complete the chart with the advice you hear, 82 Languageacing the underlined words with a word oF riences yy re two passibilities, write them. in conctusion -noverteless. sian, f.sum UP fst turtnormore ‘cont tobooin yet fit ofall inadaion—Bkowisa rning to the first annual Working Moms Conf +. Many working moms are very busy. Also, many working moms are Very red manner, we work hard at our jobs |. Raising kids and working i a privilege. However, you should tke care of sips, Before anything els, take ten minutes a day to breathe and relat ber you don’t have to solve everyone's problems! Uke enjoy the resources being offered today at the Working To conclu Mams Co Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Use the passive. LL my'best friend wns awarded _ first prize in alocal photography contest Tes | _ when I turned the radio up too loud in the car. T talk too much while watching a movie when Tate___ array) for being a kind person. | Languageworiting net sources as references in written wc presentations: Then find dhe supporting reazons foreach hem in the blanks. AL Read the two positions about using Inter Assignments of wo! position, and write Positions 1, Internet sources are trustworthy and should be used, 2, Internet sources are unreliable and shouldn't be used. Reasons + Internet sources can be intentionally misleading and contain false information. ‘Internet sources are more convenient to research than books in libraries. « Intemet sources can suddenly disappear with no explanation. “Internet sources usually contain more up-(o-date information than books. + Internet sources can be summaries of lengthier ticles, leaving important information out. + Internet sources are fair and balanced, providing knowledgeable information 1B Which position is closest to your position? Write a persuasive composition to explain your point of view. Be sure to argue against the opposing view.nis being used today. They say that ‘dat aspect style ns evolved for th svrte in a formal ste, the majority Int, “style. E-mail messages may also includ (Sanders /andertand Alo. wi abbrevtons ih as IDK for" ers) cs nid ead these vesulls from a student survey. Then use the words in the box to anak slatements. Use each word anly once. |S. Toit justtortin, hall my — itty none