Final in G.E 118 Multiple Choice Quiz

Multiple Choice Quiz
1. Aristotle states that if we ask what the highest good of human action is
a. there is no agreement about the answer.
b. most people agree that it is pleasure.
c. nearly everyone agrees that it is happiness.
d. there is no objective answer to this question.
Answer: c. nearly everyone agrees that it is happiness..
2. According to Aristotle, we should begin ethical inquiry by specifying

a. which things are intrinsically valuable.
b. the aim of human life.
c. what our fundamental duties are.
d. what constraints on behaviour it would be reasonable to agree to.
Answer: b. the aim of human life..
3. Aristotle claims that the function of human life is

a. survival and reproduction.
b. service to the gods.
c. rational activity.
d. to pursue pleasure.
Answer: c. rational activity.
4. Aristotle claims that virtue is

a. necessary and sufficient for a good life.
b. necessary for a good life, but not sufficient for one.
c. sufficient for a good life, but not necessary for one.
d. neither necessary nor sufficient for a good life.
Answer: b. necessary for a good life, but not sufficient for one..
5. According to Aristotle, happiness is

a. a state of mind.
b. a feeling or sensation.
c. a craft.
d. activity of the soul in accordance with virtue.
Answer: d. activity of the soul in accordance with virtue.
6. Aristotle conceives of a virtue as

a. a capacity.
b. an ability.
c. an activity.
d. a state of character.
Answer: d. a state of character.
7. In Aristotle's view, the virtues are

a. acquired through habit.
b. acquired through philosophical reflection.
c. a gift from the gods.
d. innate.
Answer: a. acquired through habit.
8. Aristotle describes each virtue as

a. a maximum.
b. a minimum.
c. a mean.
d. an extreme.
Answer: c. a mean.
9. Aristotle divides the virtues into

a. natural virtues and artificial virtues.
b. moral virtues and intellectual virtues.
c. positive virtues and negative virtues.
d. human virtues and divine virtues.
Answer: b. moral virtues and intellectual virtues.
10. According to Aristotle, the final good is sufficient for a man himself, but also for
a. parents.
b. children.
c. fellow citizens.
d. all of the above.
Answer: d. all of the above.
11. Aristotle specifies happiness by

a. trying to save the appearances.
b. contrasting his account with Plato's.
c. identifying the function of human beings.
d. none of the above.
Answer: c. identifying the function of human beings.
12. Aristotle claims that we see first principles by

a. induction.
b. perception.
c. habituation.
Answer: d. all of the above..
13. To identify the function of human beings, Aristotle dismisses candidates that are not
a. unique to man.
b. shared by all living beings.
c. already in philosophical currency.
Answer: a. unique to man..
14.According to Aristotle, the best kind of life is essentially one of

a. political activity.
b. maximal pleasure.
c. close friendship.
d. contemplation.
Answer: d. contemplation.
15. The final good is that

a. for the sake of which we seek everything else.
b. which is preferred to everything else.
c. which requires nothing else.
16. St. Thomas Aquinas claims that virtuous deeds are
a. the produce of deliberation.
b. never the product of luck.
c. voluntary.
d. involuntary.
Answer : c. voluntary.
17. St. Thomas Aquinas claims that the contemplation of truth is sought
a. for its own sake.
b. for the sake of God's glory.

c. for the sake of pleasure.
d. only by the idle and foolish.
Answer: a. for its own sake.
18. In St. Thomas Aquinas's view, acts of prudence are solely about matters of
a. pleasure.
b. desire.
c. moral virtue.
d. piety.
Answer: c. moral virtue.
19. According to St. Thomas Aquinas, moral actions
a. are constitutive of happiness.
b. are performed for their own sake.
c. are performed for the sake of something else.
d. are not performed for the sake of anything.
Answer: c. are performed for the sake of something else.
20. St. Thomas Aquinas claims that
a. pleasure exists for its own sake.
b. pleasure exists for the sake of operation.
c. operation exists for the sake of pleasure.
d. both b and c.
Answer: b. pleasure exists for the sake of operation..
21. St. Thomas Aquinas claims that happiness consists principally in an act of
a. imagination.
b. the will.
c. the passions.
d. the intellect.
Answer: d. the intellect.
22. St. Thomas Aquinas claims that the ultimate perfection of operation is
a. delight.
b. peace.
c. pleasure.
d. godliness.
Answer: a. delight.
23. St. Thomas Aquinas maintains that things that happen always or frequently are
a. not up to us.
b. not matters of luck.
c. laws of nature.
d. controlled by God.
Answer: b. not matters of luck.
24. St. Thomas Aquinas holds actions are differentiated by
a. their consequences.
b. their active principle.
c. what the agent thinks he or she is doing.
Answer: b. their active principle.
25. According to St. Thomas Aquinas, a thing is said to be good when

a. it is well conditioned for its proper operation.
b. it is pleasing to us.
c. it is pleasing to God.
d. it does no harm.
Answer: a. it is well conditioned for its proper operation.
26. St. Thomas Aquinas argues that the end of every action is
a. some desire.
b. some pleasure.
c. some good.
d. some emotional state.
Answer: c. some good.
27. St. Thomas Aquinas claims that the end of every intellectual creature is
a. knowledge of the natural world.
b. moral knowledge.
c. knowledge of God.
d. knowledge of ideas.
Answer: c. knowledge of God.
28. In St. Thomas Aquinas's view, man's ultimate happiness consists in
a. pleasure.
b. acts of the moral virtues.
c. loving God.
d. contemplating God.
Answer: d. contemplating God.
29. According to St. Thomas Aquinas, every agent acts either

a. by love or by hate.
b. by nature or by intellect.
c. c. by passion or by decision.
d. by interest or by calculation.
Answer: b. by nature or by intellect.
30. St. Thomas Aquinas argues that every agent acts for the sake of
a. pleasure.
b. self-interest.
c. pleasing God.
d. an end.
Answer: d. an end.
31. Which of the following does Immanuel Kant claim have moral worth?
a. A dutiful action performed solely because the agent desires to help others
b. A dutiful action performed solely for the sake of duty
c. Both a and b
d. Neither a nor b
Answer: b. A dutiful action performed solely for the sake of duty.
32. Immanuel Kant introduces the concept of moral worth as part of the account of
a. the kingdom of ends.
b. autonomy.
c. the categorical imperative.
d. the good will.
Answer: d. the good will.
33. In Immanuel Kant's view, moral worth is a property of

a. agents.
b. actions.
c. states of affairs.
Answer: b. actions.
34. As Immanuel Kant sees it, moral deliberation characteristically begins with
a. reflection on duty.
b. reflection on the good will.
c. a demand placed on us by others.
d. a nonmoral interest or motive.
Answer: d. a non moral interest or motive.
35. Jeremy Bentham claims that nature has placed mankind under two sovereign masters:
a. pain and pleasure.
b. good and evil.
c. God and the devil.
d. duty and self-interest.
Answer: a. pain and pleasure.
36. The principle of utility states that
a. an action is good to the extent that it promotes the happiness of all it
affects.
b. it does not matter whether an action is right, only whether it is useful.
c. we should never treat others as a mere means to our own ends.
d. we ought to do unto others as we would have them do unto us.
Answer: a. an action is good to the extent that it promotes the happiness of all it affects.
37. According to Jeremy Bentham, the principle of utility is appropriately applied to

a. individuals.
b. governments.
c. both a and b.
d. neither a nor b.
Answer: c. both a and b.
38. The principle of sympathy and antipathy states that
a. we ought to be sympathetic to our friends, but not to our enemies.
b. actions are right because we approve of them.
c. actions are right because an impartial person would approve of them.
d. actions are right because God approves of them.
Answer: b. actions are right because we approve of them.
39. According to Jeremy Bentham, considerations of pain and pleasure determine
a. what we ought to do.
b. what we will do.
c. both a and b.
d. neither a nor b.
Answer: c. both a and b.
40. According to Jeremy Bentham, a thing promotes a person's interest when it
a. promotes the interest of the community.
b. diminishes the sum total of the person's pains.
c. adds to the sum total of the person's pleasures.
d. both b and c.
Answer: d. both b and c.
41. Concerning the relationship between morality and theology, Jeremy Bentham claims that
a. we must first know whether something is right before we can know
whether it conforms to God's will.
b. we must first know whether something conforms to God's will before we
can know that it is right.
c. God exists, but does not concern himself with matters of morality.
d. God does not exist.
Answer: a. we must first know whether something is right before we can know whether it
conforms to God's will.
42. Jeremy Bentham insists that the ultimate cause of any act is
a. pain.
b. pleasure.
c. sympathy.
d. both a and b.
Answer: d. both a and b.
43. According to Jeremy Bentham, a calamity is
a. pleasure or pain inflicted by chance members of the community.
b. pleasure or pain inflicted by a judge in accordance with a rule.
c. pleasure or pain the befalls a man in the natural and spontaneous course of
things.
d. none of the above.
Answer: a. pleasure or pain inflicted by chance members of the community.
44. Jeremy Bentham claims that pleasures and pains can be greater or less according to their
a. intensity.
b. duration.
c. certainty or uncertainty.

45. Jeremy Bentham defines the fecundity of a pleasure or pain as
a. its chance of occurring.
b. the degree to which it is felt.
c. its chance of being followed by sensations of the same kind.
d. how long it lasts.
Answer: c. its chance of being followed by sensations of the same kind.
46. In Jeremy Bentham's terminology, asceticism is the view that
a. actions are good insofar as they diminish happiness.
b. we should only enjoy “higher” pleasures, and avoid “lower” ones.
c. the happiest life is a simple one.
d. actions are good insofar as we approve of them.
Answer: a. actions are good insofar as they diminish happiness.
47. Jeremy Bentham claims that actions are right or wrong in virtue of
a. the motives behind them.
b. their consequences.
c. both a and b.
d. neither a nor b.
Answer: b. their consequences.
48. Jeremy Bentham claims that of the four sanctions of pain and pleasure, the most fundamental
is
a. physical.
b. religious.
c. political.
d. psychological.
Answer: a. physical.
49. Jeremy Bentham claims that utilitarian calculations
a. should be performed prior to each action.
b. need not be performed before each action, but should always be kept in
mind.
c. are merely a formal device, and do not have practical application.
d. are fundamentally flawed.
Answer: b. need not be performed before each action, but should always be kept in mind.
50. John Stuart Mill defines “utility” as
a. usefulness for some craft.
b. usefulness to society.
c. pleasure and the absence of pain.
d. the satisfaction of desire.
Answer: c. pleasure and the absence of pain.
51. According to John Stuart Mill, something is desirable if and only if
a. it is useful for some other end.
b. it is pleasurable in itself.
c. it is pleasurable in itself or is a means to the promotion of pleasure and

prevention of pain.
d. it promotes the interests of all and does not harm anyone.
Answer: c. it is pleasurable in itself or is a means to the promotion of pleasure and prevention of

pain.
52. When faced with the complaint that utilitarianism is a doctrine worthy of swine, John Stuart
Mill responds that pleasures differ in
a. purity.
b. quality.
c. species.
d. weight.
Answer: b. quality.
53. John Stuart Mill claims that of any two pleasures, one is preferable to the other if and only if
a. it lasts longer.
b. it is more intense.
c. it is more certain.
d. it is preferred by those who are acquainted with both.
Answer: d. it is preferred by those who are acquainted with both.
54. John Stuart Mill claims that the morality of an action depends entirely on
a. the actual consequences.
b. the agent's motive.
c. the agent's intention.
Answer: c. the agent's intention..
55. Utilitarianism takes into account the happiness of
a. only the agent.
b. only the agent and those the agent cares about.
c. everyone, but weights the happiness of the agent more heavily.
d. everyone, and weights everyone's happiness equally.
Answer: d. everyone, and weights everyone's happiness equally.
56. John Stuart Mill claims that in deciding how to act

a. we should always calculate the expected consequences of our action.
b. we should depend on rules of thumb derived from the principle of utility.
c. we should consult tradition.
d. we should consult scripture.
Answer: b. we should depend on rules of thumb derived from the principle of utility.
57. According to John Stuart Mill, the ultimate sanction of the principle of utility lies in
a. the commands of God.
b. the threat of punishment.
c. the conscientious feelings of mankind.
d. the laws of Nature.
Answer: c. the conscientious feelings of mankind.

58. John Stuart Mill claims that the principle of utility
a. can be proven from self-evident principles.
b. can be proven from principles that are known empirically.
c. cannot be proven, and this is a unique problem for the theory.
d. cannot be proven, but this is common to all first principles.
Answer: d. cannot be proven, but this is common to all first principles.
59. According to John Stuart Mill, no reason can be given why the general happiness is
desirable, except
a. each person desires his own happiness.
b. each person desires the general happiness.
c. it would be blamable not to.
d. it would be vicious not to.
Answer: a. each person desires his own happiness.

60. John Stuart Mill argues that virtue
a. is not desirable.
b. is desirable only as a means to one's own happiness.
c. is desirable only as a means to the happiness of others.
d. is desirable as part of one's happiness.
Answer: d. is desirable as part of one's happiness..
61. John Stuart Mill claims that when two rules of thumb conflict
a. we face a genuine moral dilemma.
b. we should rely on our intuitions.
c. we should resort to the principle of utility.
d. there is no right answer concerning what we should do.
Answer: c. we should resort to the principle of utility.

62. John Stuart Mill claims that one of the strongest objections to utilitarianism is drawn from
the idea of
a. duty.
b. justice.
c. virtue.
d. supererogation.
Answer: b. justice.
63. According to John Stuart Mill, to call an action wrong is to say that
a. it harms someone.
b. a person ought to be punished for it.
c. it violates a law of Nature.
d. it violates God's commands.
Answer: b. a person ought to be punished for it.

64. John Stuart Mill claims that the distinction between justice and other moral obligations
corresponds perfectly to the distinction between
a. perfect and imperfect obligations.
b. positive and negative duties.
c. strong and weak duties.
d. absolute and relative obligations.
Answer: a. perfect and imperfect obligations.
65. According to Richard Brandt , John Stuart Mill view most closely resembles:
a. act -utilization
b. a rule –utilitarianism based on the actual rules society.
c. a rule –utilitarianism based on ideal moral rules.
d. kant’s ethics
Answer: c. a rule –utilitarianism based on ideal moral rules.
True or False:
66. According to Aristotle, people never voluntarily do anything bad.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b. False.
67. Aristotle claims that the human good is pleasure.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b. False.
68. In Aristotle's view, for a thing to perform its function well is to achieve what is good for it.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a. True.
69. Aristotle characterizes virtue as a state of character disposing one to choose the mean
between extremes.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a. True.
70. Aristotle claims that the best sort of life is an active life of politics.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b. False.
71. According to Kant, pure moral philosophy is partly empirical.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b. False.
72. Kant claims that an action has moral worth only if it is done for the sake of duty.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a. True.
73. Kant argues that there is a single supreme principle of morality.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a. True.
74. According to Kant, it is always irrational to behave immorally.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a. True.
75. Kant claims that moral obligations are categorical imperatives.

a. True
b. False
Answer: a. True.
76. The principle of sympathy and antipathy approves or disapproves of certain actions
simply because men find themselves disposed to approve or disapprove of them.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a. True
77. The principle of utility approves of actions insofar as they augment the happiness of the
affected parties.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a. True
78. Bentham asserts that to call an action right simply means that it conforms to the principle of
utility.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a. True
79. According to Bentham, the principle of utility can be proven.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b. False
80. Bentham claims that a calculation concerning pleasures and pains should be performed prior
to every action or legislative operation.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b. False
81. The principle of utility approves of actions according to their tendency to promote happiness.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a. True
82. Bentham claims that the principle of utility is correct because God commands us to follow it.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b. False
83. According to Bentham, different pleasures and pains differ in their intensity and duration.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a. True
84. In Bentham's view, pleasure and pain determine what we will do, but not what we ought to
do.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b. False
85. According to Bentham, the principle of utility should be applied to individual actions, but not
to government policies.
a. True
b. False
Answer: b. False

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Multiple Choice Quiz

Answer: c. nearly everyone agrees that it is happiness..

2. According to Aristotle, we should begin ethical inquiry by specifying

Answer: b. the aim of human life..

3. Aristotle claims that the function of human life is

Answer: c. rational activity.

4. Aristotle claims that virtue is

5. According to Aristotle, happiness is

Answer: d. activity of the soul in accordance with virtue.

6. Aristotle conceives of a virtue as

Answer: d. a state of character.

7. In Aristotle's view, the virtues are

Answer: a. acquired through habit.

8. Aristotle describes each virtue as

9. Aristotle divides the virtues into

Answer: b. moral virtues and intellectual virtues.

Answer: d. all of the above.

11. Aristotle specifies happiness by

Answer: c. identifying the function of human beings.

12. Aristotle claims that we see first principles by

Answer: d. all of the above..

Answer: a. unique to man..

14.According to Aristotle, the best kind of life is essentially one of

15. The final good is that

Answer: d. all of the above.

16. St. Thomas Aquinas claims that virtuous deeds are

a. the produce of deliberation.

b. never the product of luck.

a. for its own sake.

b. for the sake of God's glory.

d. only by the idle and foolish.

Answer: a. for its own sake.

c. moral virtue.

Answer: c. moral virtue.

19. According to St. Thomas Aquinas, moral actions

a. are constitutive of happiness.

b. are performed for their own sake.

c. are performed for the sake of something else.

d. are not performed for the sake of anything.

Answer: c. are performed for the sake of something else.

20. St. Thomas Aquinas claims that

a. pleasure exists for its own sake.

b. pleasure exists for the sake of operation.

c. operation exists for the sake of pleasure.

d. both b and c.

Answer: b. pleasure exists for the sake of operation..

b. the will.

c. the passions.

d. the intellect.

Answer: d. the intellect.

a. not up to us.

b. not matters of luck.

c. laws of nature.

d. controlled by God.

Answer: b. not matters of luck.

24. St. Thomas Aquinas holds actions are differentiated by

a. their consequences.