Task 1

TRAUMATIC COUNSELING

“Traumatic Counseling and Addiction Counseling”

Lecturer :

Ifdil, S.HI, S.Pd, M.Pd, Ph.D, Kons

Arranged By

Name : Lara Amanda Dwidjo

NIM : 18006081

Guidance and Counseling

Faculty of Education

Universitas Negeri Padang

2021
 Traumatic Counseling and Addiction Counseling (Addiction)

A. Definition and Purpose of Traumatic Counseling

1. Definition of Traumatic Counseling
Throughout the history of human life on the surface of this earth, along with that, various
problems have appeared one after another as if they were never ending, such as conflict,
violence, and bloodshed. Not to mention natural problems such as natural disasters; earthquakes,
tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, landslides, floods, and hurricanes. The variety of frightening events
and experiences, apart from destroying the physical condition of the living environment, also
destroys the resilience of the mental functions of humans who experience them, either directly or
indirectly in a short and long term. Such descriptions of events and experiences are known as
trauma.
In this sense, counseling is a form of relationship that is helpful, the meaning of
assistance itself is an effort to help others achieve independence, be able to solve problems they
face and be able to face the crises they experience in their lives. The task of the counselor is to
create the facilitative conditions necessary for the client's growth and development. Meanwhile,
the purpose of counseling is to change the behavior of the client so that he can make his life
more productive and return to normal. Counseling is a therapeutic assistance that is directed to
change the attitudes and behavior of the counselee, carried out face to face between the
counselee and the counselor through interview techniques to alleviate the problems they are
experiencing.
Trauma comes from the Greek "tramatos" which means wound. Traumatic counseling in
the dictionary is a sudden shocking experience that leaves a deep impression on a person's
psyche that can be physically and psychologically damaging. Traumatic counseling is a
counselor's efforts to help traumatized clients through the process of personal relationships so
that clients can understand themselves in relation to the trauma they are experiencing and try to
overcome them as best they can.
This traumatic counseling is different from ordinary counseling. The difference lies in
time, focus, activity and purpose. In terms of time, traumatic counseling generally takes a shorter
time than usual counseling. Traumatic counseling takes one to six sessions. Whereas regular
counseling takes one to twenty sessions. In terms of focus, traumatic counseling pays more
attention to one problem, namely the trauma that has occurred and is felt. Whereas ordinary
counseling generally likes to link one problem to another.
Judging from the activity, traumatic counseling involves more people in helping clients
than the more active counselor. The counselor tries to direct, suggest, give advice, seek support
from family and friends of clients, contact more skilled people to handle it, connect clients with
other experts, involve people / agents in various environmental changes for client healing.
Traumatic counseling is also an urgent need to help victims overcome the psychological
burdens suffered by the earthquake and tsunami. The devastating psychological shocks caused
by the loss of loved ones, loss of relatives, and job losses can affect the emotional stability of
earthquake victims. Those who are not mentally strong and are not resilient in facing calamities,
can experience severe mental shocks and lead to severe stress which at any time can make them
forget their memories or go crazy.
Traumatic counseling can help disaster victims manage their emotional stability so that
they can accept the realities of life as it is even in difficult conditions. Traumatic counseling is
also very useful in helping victims to be better able to manage their emotions properly and think
realistically.
2. Purpose of Traumatic Counseling
In terms of goals, traumatic counseling places more emphasis on the client's choice of
returning to the pre-trauma state and being able to adjust to new circumstances. Specifically,
Muro and Kotman stated that the goals of traumatic counseling are:
a. Realistic thinking is a traumatic part of life.
b. Gain an understanding of traumatic events and situations.
c. Understand and accept feelings related to trauma.
d. Learn new skills to deal with trauma.

B. Definition and Purpose of Addiction Counseling

1. Definition of Addiction Counseling

People define addiction in different ways. Addiction (addiction) as habitual and

compulsive use of a drug is accompanied by evidence of physiological dependence.
Physiological dependence means that a person's body has changed in such a way that it results
from regular use of psychoactive drugs that the body becomes dependent on a steady supply of
substances. The main signs of physiological dependence include the development of tolerance
and / or an abinance syndrome. Psychological dependence includes compulsive use of drugs to
meet psychological needs, such as depending on medication to deal with stress.

Addiction comes from English addiction that is addiction. Addiction is a state of physical
dependence on a drug, physical or psychological dependence. In general, addiction occurs due to
the inability to withstand the effects of withdrawal, which forces them to consume these
addictive substances. Social support is one of the reasons why someone can experience
addiction. Addiction in children is mostly caused by the strong influence of groups / peers.

Addiction counseling is a two-way communication process between the counselor and

the client (narcotic addicts) to find out problems, provide reinforcement (motivation) in dealing
with problems and desires which are the emphasis in addiction counseling activities is
interpersonal communication between the counselor and the client (narcotic addicts) to find out
the problem , provide reinforcement (motivation).

2. The Purpose of Addiction Counseling

The purpose of addiction counseling is to provide an overview of the mental condition of

addicts and the change process that must be experienced after the counseling process. This
should be expected to help overcome psychological problems. The existence of addiction
counseling needs to be done to focus on individuals with disorders in order to adapt well,
including with family and other support systems. The method used in dealing with this is
rehabilitation which is used depending on the area of psychology and theory which is judged
according to the conditions of addiction in a certain environment. This rehabilitation is more or
less aimed at the same thing which emphasizes physical, social and psychological recovery.

C. Types of Addiction

According to Lance Dodes in his book entitled "The heart of Addiction" there are two
types of addiction (addiction), namely:

1. Physical addiction, which is a type of addiction related to alcohol or cocaine.

Physical addiction or alcohol addiction is a condition when the body is dependent
on alcohol and it is difficult to control its consumption. This consumption pattern
 can cause serious problems and disorders. A person who is an alcoholic will not
stop consuming alcohol even though the habit causes problems for him. To make
matters worse, this condition can cause withdrawal symptoms if the addict stops
consuming alcohol.
2. Nonphysical addiction, which is a type of addiction that does not involve the two
things above (alcohol and cocaine). Griffths added that in recent nonphysical
addiction behaviors a number of behaviors have been found in certain activities
such as sports, sex, gambling, video games, and internet use. This can happen to
certain uses and behaviors if it is done repeatedly, as well as the behavior of
playing online games which can be caused by the availability and increase in
types of games in the market which are increasingly rapid along with
technological developments.

D. Identifying Traumatic and Addiction Conditions (use of various instruments)

1. Traumatic

In dealing with trauma symptoms, it must be handled wisely and must be done by experts
and the surrounding community. Therefore, knowing the initial symptoms of the experience of
the trauma event will make it easier to provide assistance or counseling properly.

In conducting counseling like this, there is an initial concept that will be the most
important data to understand as a counselor so that it can be described in terms of the nature and
type of the trauma, such as minor trauma, moderate trauma and severe trauma. To cope with this
trauma, it is necessary to detect the extent to which this trauma will develop, so that if the trauma
occurs in the long term then it comes from the accumulation of bad experiences or events. And it
will be a very heavy burden and there are difficulties in the individual adjustment process and
hinder the process of developing an emotional and social one.

So identifying traumatic conditions with the use of various instruments is carried out first
by way of an assessment of the client's initial condition, namely efforts to detect through
observation, understanding and analysis of the problems experienced. So the counselor can ask
the client how it happened so that a person experiences trauma.
 The initial way that must be considered in late efforts to handle subsequent therapy,
namely; firstly, planning, secondly, actions or actions so that the problems to be analyzed can be
systematically studied. Third, in the form of control that can allow the counselor to change other
ways in essence according to the problem, fourth is evaluation to see the process of progress.

In general and overall, in carrying out the initial assessment process the client's condition
is very important to be carried out which is useful to determine the steps or ways to be taken in
the proper handling of client trauma. Initial assessments can be carried out using various forms
of strategies or methods, both in the form of short interviews and observations seen from the
weight of the problem. Does the client come because it comes from personal awareness or is
ordered by another party.

After conducting an initial assessment, you will definitely get the results to the next stage
to explore the problem and how to handle it and find out how the level of trauma according to
the client with the help of counseling both individually and in groups. Before this stage, the
counselor first knows and understands and has basic skills in which there is knowledge, namely
the extent to which each individual has the ability to handle a trauma case, both skills in the form
of expertise in asking questions, starting listening, observing and providing solutions and
decisions and attitude, namely the ability in attitudes or evaluative statements towards an object,
both people and events.

Furthermore, exploring the problem (asking the client to describe the traumatic event,
cognitive reactions, recognizing the emotional events). Then at the solution-seeking stage
(informing, being able to invite clients to deal with depressed feelings due to trauma, helping
clients to identify how to control negative things on their minds). Then reviewing and providing
support to clients, the counselor is able to evaluate the results that have been obtained from the
counseling and determine steps to the next round. And the counselor should continue to provide
high support to the counselee.

2. Addiction

Addiction, or better known as addiction, has been associated with excessive use of
narcotics and illegal drugs. The following are the characteristics of addictive behavior according
to Carnes, namely:
 a. Uncontrolled behavior patterns.
b. There are consequences as a result of behavior.
c. Inability to stop behavior.
d. Using behavior as a coping strategy.

Based on the characteristics of addictive behavior presented by Carness above, we can

easily identify individuals who are addicted or not. Addictive behavior experienced by a person
occurs because of a learned habit and after that it is difficult to stop even though the behavior has
been done excessively and has negative consequences.

In handling it, using counseling instruments, a counselor can work with doctors, nurses,
psychologists and parents. Victims of trial and error can perform rehabilitation on an outpatient
basis. Those who experiment with it are given counseling that is able to open their awareness to
stop so as not to become complainants. Post-rehabilitation by way of counseling for 8 times by
experts and doctors. Counseling is also given to parents, teachers and friends so that they can
help victims of addiction or addiction.

If the victim has experienced severe addiction, then addiction counseling can recover
only 20%. 9 times the counseling can be recovered if there is awareness. But if the addiction is
too heavy there is a special treatment with 12 steps. Usually there are only two choices, prison
and cemetery.

E. Role of Counselors in Traumatic Counseling Activities in Indonesia

The role of the counselor in traumatic counseling activities in Indonesia should include
planning, implementing and evaluating counseling guidance programs at the same time. Included
in the implementation of group counseling programs for individuals who have experienced
trauma. In particular, the role of the counselor in this counseling activity is to encourage
individuals to do play activities in a group setting so that they can experience and reflect on their
experiences. For this reason, the role of the counselor in this counseling activity is as a group
leader, facilitator and reflector.

Counselors who work in crisis situations must be individuals with mature personalities
and have many life experiences that they have dealt with successfully. The counselor must have
basic skills to provide assistance, be high energy, have quick mental reflexes, but also be
balanced, calm, creative, and flexible in dealing with difficult situations. Counselors are often
focused and active in crisis situations. Its role is quite different from ordinary counseling.

F. Approaches and Basic Skills of Traumatic and Addiction Counseling

1. Traumatic Counseling
a. Approach

In principle, traumatic counseling services are needed by all survivors who experience
major stress and depression, both parents and children. Children need to be helped to be able to
look to the future and build new hopes with new conditions. For parents, traumatic counseling
services are expected to help them understand and accept the realities of life today; henceforth
being able to "forget" all tragedies and start a new life.

In addition to stabilizing emotional conditions, ideally traumatic counseling services for

parents also provide skills that can be used as initial capital to start a new life with new jobs
according to their capacity and environmental support capacity. Thus, they can immediately lead
their lives independently so that they do not continue to rely on donations from other parties.

To achieve service effectiveness, traumatic counseling can be carried out using two
approaches, namely an individual one, especially for victims whose levels of stress and
depression are severe, meanwhile for those whose psychological burden is still moderate, it can
be done using a group approach.

Group counseling services will be more effective if they are also facilitated to form
forums. It is through forums that they form independently of that they will find a "new family"
that can be used as a place to help each other get out of heartbreaking difficulties.

Healing psychological wounds takes a long time with a consistent series of psychological
processes. Therefore, the government should immediately dispatch volunteers who are tasked
with providing traumatic counseling services. As logistical assistance becomes more streamlined,
counseling services should begin to be provided. It is understandable that there are difficulties
for the government to deploy a traumatic counseling team because it is not easy to find
volunteers who have a base of knowledge and experience in this field.
 b. Basic Traumatic Counseling Skills

There are four skills a counselor must have in traumatic counseling, namely:

1) A realistic view

Counselors should have a realistic view of their role in helping traumatized people. These
skills are useful for counselors to understand their strengths and weaknesses in helping people
who have experienced trauma. The strength of a counselor compared to family, friends of people
who have experienced trauma is that the counselor can help people who are experiencing trauma.

2) A holistic orientation

Traumatic counseling should work in a holistic manner. Traumatic conditions in clients

do not have to be faced excessively or vice versa. In traumatic counseling, the counselor must
receive various assistance from various parties for the healing of the client. Sometimes the client
is more likely to be referred to a psychiatrist to be cured by a medical approach. It is also
possible that clients are more appropriately referred to scholars or sufferers to fulfill the needs of
their spiritual aspects. By paying attention to clients holistically, counselors are required to be
able to work together with various experts in the community to help their clients heal.

3) Flexibility

Traumatic counselors need flexibility. Due to the existing limitations, traumatic

counseling may be more flexible in its implementation. Due to limited space, telephone
counseling may be more appropriate. Due to time constraints, there may be changes in the timing
of counseling. It is likely that counseling occurs in the client's home rather than at the counselor's
office. There may be extra time in each counseling session. Involving the family in counseling
sessions is possible and the counselor provides suggestions to clients and counselors. Traumatic
conditions require the counselor to act quickly to deal with clients.

In traumatic counseling, the counselor does not have much time for confrontation,
lingering, non-directive, interpreting behavior and dreams and not too concerned about the
occurrence of transference or conference between client and counselor. Traumatic conditions
require the counselor to act quickly to deal with clients.
 4) Balance between Empathy and Assertiveness

Traumatic counseling requires a strong balance between empathy and assertiveness. The
counselor must be able to see when he should be empathetic and when he should be assertive in
directing the client to the client's recovery. If the counselor is too carried away with the client's
feelings, the counselor will have difficulty helping clients. Likewise, if the counselor is not on
time to give firm directions to the client, the counseling will be ineffective.

Empathy is the counselor's ability to feel what the client feels, feel and think with the
client. There are two kinds of empathy, namely primary empathy and high level empathy.
Primary empathy is a form that only understands the feelings, thoughts, desires and experiences
of the client. The goal is for the client to engage in conversation and be open to the counselor.
The high level of empathy is the counselor's participation in feeling and thinking about what the
client feels and thinks. As for the firmness to direct the client, the counselor's ability to tell the
client to do something or in other words for the client to do something.

2. Addiction Counseling
a. Addiction Counseling Approach

One approach to addiction counseling is the use of a religious approach when

rehabilitated. This religious approach provides material with the main emphasis on religious
activity. The process is based on religious-oriented principles and rituals. However, not all
rehabilitation centers carry out religious therapy which has the same program, except for
programs that are spiritual in nature. Other programs do not have to be implemented in every
rehabilitation center based on religion. Some of the orphanages that are based on Islam are in the
form of Islamic boarding schools so that each resident in addition to undergoing the therapy
process is also guided to get to know and explore religion more. The Islamic boarding schools
administering this rehabilitation center include; Pesantren Inabah Suryalala in Tasikmalaya,
Pesantren Bina Akhlaq in Babakan Cianjur, Pesantren Tahfizul Qur'an Istiqomah in Pagersari
Kendal, and others.

b. Basic Addiction Counseling Skills

1) The counselor must be able to carry out assessment, diagnosis and referral.
2) Have basic counseling skills.
3) Have terauputik interview skills.
4) Having problem handling and observation skills.
5) Have cultural analysis skills.
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