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Biogas Production From Organic Waste: Applications For Small Communities Tormod Briseid, Earth and Environment, Bioforsk
Biogas Production From Organic Waste: Applications For Small Communities Tormod Briseid, Earth and Environment, Bioforsk
Biogas Production From Organic Waste: Applications For Small Communities Tormod Briseid, Earth and Environment, Bioforsk
•Bacteria are
greedy
•Bacteria are
patient (they have
lots of time)
•Bacteria do what
they want – we
have to control
their local
environment!!
The biogas process
The biogas process is a closed biological
process without oxygen where organic matter
is converted to biogas (methane and carbon
dioxide) by microorganisms.
The biogas process is the ”last choise” for the
bacteria (after the oxidation by oxygen,
nitrate or sulfate, and after acid- and
alcoholic fermentation). Produces small
amounts of heat compared to aerob processes
(with oxygen).
The production of biogas is a process which
split organic substances into an oxidized form
(carbon dioxide) and a reduced form
(methan). The methanogenic bateria
are ”the last one to the food dish”
The biogas process is a
natural process with
bacteria from nature.
What kind of substrates might be used?
•Sewage sludge
•Food waste
•Waste from food industry
•Manure from cows, pigs etc.
•Residues from agriculture
•”Energy” herbs and plants like gras
Examples of energy contents in different
substrates
Substrates kWh/ton
Manure from cows ........................ 140
Manure from pigs.......................... 180
Manure from poultry ..................... 450
Gras ............................................. 810
Waste from fruits and vegetables.. 950
Household food waste ………....... 1.300
Food waste from restaurants ........ 1.300
Waste from slaughterhouses ........ 2.000
Pure carbohydrates/sugar ……… 3.900
Proteins ........................................ 4.900
Fat ................................................ 8.500
Biogas is ”energy at high level”
• Investment costs are higher (per kWh produced) for small plants.
• Example 1: 1700 m3 waste per year, mostly pig manure, some food
waste. Produces about 600 000 kWh per year. Reactor volume 220
m3. Total investment costs about 450 000 euro (in Norway).
• Example 2: 8000 m3 waste per year, mostly pig manure, some food
waste. Produces about 3 000 000 kWh per year. Total investment
costs about 1.100 000 euro (in Norway).
• The biogas process produces only small amounts of heat by itself.
The process needs energy added to keep the process at the right
temperature, f. ex. 35 – 38°C or 55 – 60°C. More heat loss from
small plants in cold climate.
Summary - important questions