Chapter #16

REQUIREMENT OF
BUILDING PLANING
INTRODUCTION
When to construct a building it is kept in the mind that it would serve the purpose of its
construction. This include the provision of all facilities like
Light, fresh air etc. and to minimize the whole cost of the building and provide a good
environment for workers.
There should be good transport facilities such as railway, bus service, for going to office,
college, market, etc. Civic services such as water supply, drainage sewers, electric lines,
telephone lines, etc. should be very near to the selected site so as to obtain their services with no
extra cost. The ground water table at the site should not be very high. Nearness of schools,
hospitals, market, etc. are considered good for residential site but these facilities do not carry any
significance in the selection site for other public buildings. The site should command a good
view of landscape such a hill, river, lake, etc. Residential site should not be located near
workshops, factories, because such locations are subjected to continuous noise. The wind
direction in the area is to considered while setting the orientation of the building that is the
direction of the building is fixed by considering the direction of east, west, south and north this is
called orientation.
Orientation of the site also has some bearing on its selection. Site should be such in our country
that early morning sun and late evening sun is accepted in the building in summer and maximum
sun light is available in most of winter.
BUILDING BY LAWS
• The rules and regulation framed by town planning authorities covering the requirements of
building, ensuring safety of the public through open spaces, minimum size of rooms and height
and area limitation, are known as building bye-laws.
• Rules and regulations which largely regulate the building activity should be formulated to get
disciplined growth of building and the better planned development of towns and cities
OBJECTIVE
• pre-planning of building activity.
• allow orderly growth and prevent haphazard development.
• Provisions of by-laws usually afford safety against fire, noise, health hazard and structure
failure.
• Provide proper utilization of space to achieved maximum efficiency in planning.
• They provide health, safety and comfort to the people who live in building.
• Due to these bye-laws, each building will have proper approaches, light, air and ventilation
SCOPE
Aspects of different type of building in building bye-laws:
1. Building frontage line
2. Minimum plot size
3. Built up area of building
4. Height of building
5. Provision of safety, water supply drainage, proper light and ventilation
6. Requirement for off street parking space
7. Size of structural element
PRINCIPLES
Principle of building by laws as given
1. Building is planed keeping in mind necessity of a family and standard of building is
established by considering the standard of the family
2. Size of each room is established by considering he intended use of room additionally
necessary sun light and ventilation arrangement are also considered from relevant room
3. Limit for height of building is established in accordance to the city area
4. Limit of roof projection towards open space is also established
5. Height of boundary wall and area of door are also established
6. Management of water supply and gas
7. Construction area on construction site is recognized
8. Size of plot in term of length and width is recognized
9. Construction material and way of construction are determine and implemented through
specification
10. Least width of the street way is established
11. Height of plinth level from steel is recognized
12. To ensure signature of certified engineer and architect
13. To chalk out modalities for safety and health during construction

FUNCTION OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES

The Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government oversees the operation of the local
government system, providing the policy framework within which local authorities work and
deliver services to the communities that they represent and serve. The Department also supports
local government in its role of promoting the well-being and quality of life of citizens and
communities through the efficient performance of functions and delivery of good-value services
at local level.
HEIGHT OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
BUILDING PLAIN

CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDING
Following are the types of building based on their uses
Depending upon the character of occupancy or the type of use, building can be classified into
different categories as follows:

1) RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
These buildings include one or two private dwellings, apartment houses (flats), hotels,
dormitories etc.
2) EDUCATIONAL BUILDING
These buildings include any building used for school, college or day care purposes involving
assembly for instruction, education or recreation.
3) INSTITUITIONAL BUILDING
These buildings include any building or part which is used for medical treatment etc. Such as
Hospitals, nursing homes, orphanages, sanatoria, jails, prisons, mental hospitals etc.
4) ASSEMBLY BUILDING
These buildings may include any building or part of a building where a group of people gathers
for recreation, amusement, social, religious or such types of purposes such as theaters, assembly
halls, exhibition halls, restaurants, museum, club rooms, auditoria etc.
5) BUSINESS BUILDING
Business buildings are employed for offices, professional transactions, and other business related
services for example storage of accounts. Airport traffic control towers, Ambulatory care
facilities, Banks, Clinic, Electronic data processing, Food processing establishments,
Laboratories: testing and research, Post offices, Professional services (architects, attorneys,
dentists, physicians, engineers, etc.). These are all examples of business buildings.
6) FACTORY AND INDUSTRIAL BUILDING
As the name may suggest, factory and industrial buildings are constructed for assembling,
disassembling, fabricating, finishing, manufacturing, packaging, repair or processing operations
it should be known that the level of hazard posed in these types of facilities are low. Aircraft
manufacturing buildings, factory, gas plant, power plant, refineries, diaries, and laundries are
examples of factory and industrial buildings
7) HEIGH HAZERD BUILDING
These types of buildings are built to manufacturing, processing, generation or storage of highly
combustible and flammable or explosive materials that pose high physical or health hazard.
Examples of hazardous materials include fireworks, hydrogen peroxide, and cyanide. Lastly,
high hazard buildings are further divided into H-1, H-2, H-3, H-4 and H-5.
8) MERCENTILE BUILDING
These types of buildings are utilized for the display and sale of merchandise which includes
stocks of goods, wares or merchandise incidental to such purposes and accessible to the public.
Finally, mercantile buildings include department stores, drug stores, markets, sales rooms, motor
fuel-dispensing facilities
9) STORAGE BUILDING
These types of buildings are employed for storage of various materials which are not hazardous
for instance bamboos, canvas and leather, books and paper, boots and shoes, clothing, woolen
wearing apparel, and furniture.
Examples of such buildings include garage, warehouse, cold storage, and transit sheds.
10) UTILITY AND MESCELLINIOUS BUILDING
Examples of utility and miscellaneous buildings include agricultural buildings, aircraft hangars,
communication equipment structures, grain silos, tanks, and towers
11) RELIGIOUS BUILDING
Such a building which is used for a religious gathering is called a religious building like,
mosque, temple, church etc.
12) RECREATION BUILDING
Building use for recreational purpose are known as recreational building
For example: cinema, swimming pool, theater, gaming zone, indoor sports complex etc.

CLASSIFICATION OF PLOTS
Local authorities have classified plot as per area as follow:

BUILDING SETBACK
SIZE OF DIFFERENT ROOMS
Different kind of room made in residential building including bed room, drawing room, and bath
room etc. the room varies in size and necessity to attached different municipalities authorities
have established size for different room of building as follow.

1. DRAWING ROOM

2. KITCHEN
3. BATH ROOM

4. STORE ROOM

5. GARAGE
Minimum Area:  The minimum area of garage should not be less than 12.5 m2.
The height of Room: The Garage should not be less than 2.4 m.

6. STAIR CASE
Minimum Size of Side:  The minimum width of the stair is 1 m.
The height of Stair: The minimum clear headroom shall be 2.2 m.

REGULATION FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Following you may found regulation for residential building
1. Requirement of sites
Spot for litter must be reserved all bad stuff must be removed from construction site standing
water must be removed from construction site if there is any. Plot corner should not prevail to
electricity other than 1.22 meter
2. Margins
Open space of a least 3 meter should be left in front of plot and same space must be left at rear of
the plot
3. Plinth
Plinth level must be height of at least 45 cm from the street of road
4. Habitable rooms
Habitable rooms should have height at least 2.75m. air conditional room should have height of at
least 2.4m. habitable room should have width of at least 2.4m and they have size of at least
7.5m2.
5. Kitchen
Kitchen should have height of at least 2.75m and size of 5.5 square meters
6. Bathroom
Bath room should have height of at least 2.2m and size of at least 1.8 square meter if toilet and
bathroom are to be made in same area then it should have size of at least 2.8m and at least one
wall being attached to open source of provision of ventilation floor and wall of bathroom up to
one meter must be covered with non-absorbent material
7. Star case
Flight and landing of stair should be at least 90 cm in width value of tread and riser should be
designed in such manner that pitch of angle 25-40 degree similarly headroom should not be
lower than 2.2m
8. Lift
Lift should be provided in building if height of building exceed 15m. lift should carry at least 6
people at a time and range from ground floor to top floor
9. Basement
Height of basement should be at least 2.4m ground area of 1/10 must be reserved for ventilation
basement should only be used as strong stuff no supply for water and sewerage be there
10. Projection
Sunshade over doors and windows should have projection of at most 50cm and gallery at ground
floor must have at most width in 1.2m
EXERCISE
MCQS

1. Requirement for building planning is generally termed as

a) Building code
b) Building bye-laws
c) Building design
d) All of these
2. Objective of building bye-laws
a) Pre-planning
b) To guide the architect
c) Safety of building
d) All of these
3. Local authority in Pakistan
a) CDA
b) KDA
c) Cant board
d) All of these
4. Area of plot A in meter square
a) 500
b) 1000
c) 1500
d) 2000
5. According to public works department area of plot A size in foot square
a) 5000
b) 10000
c) 15000
d) 20000
6. According to public work department area of plot B size in square feet
a) 750
b) 1000
c) 1500
d) 2000
7. According to PWD size of plot B in square feet
a) 7500
b) 1200
c) 15000
d) 20000
8. According to PWD area of C type plot in square meter
a) 250
b) 500
c) 750
d) 1000
9. According to PWD area C type plot in square feet
a) 5000
b) 7000
 c) 10000
d) 15000
10. According to PWD area of D type plot in square meter is
a) 100
b) 200
c) 500
d) 1000
11. According to PWD area od D types plot in square feet
a) 2250
b) 2550
c) 3550
d) 4550
12. According to PWD size of bed room is in square meter
a) 3x4
b) 6x4
c) 4.5x3
d) 2.5x4
13. According to PWD maximum size of bed room should be in square meter
a) 3x4
b) 6x4
c) 4.5x3
d) 2.5x4
14. According to PWD minimum size of bed room should be in square meter
a) 3x4
b) 6x4
c) 4.5x3
d) 2.5x4
15. According to PWD maximum size of drawing room should be in square meter
a) 4x2.5
b) 6x4
c) 6x5
d) 6x4
16. Minimum height of plinth from ground level for ordinary building
a) 20cm
b) 30cm
c) 45cm
d) 60cm
17. Height of plinth from ground level for important building
a) 20cm
b) 30cm
c) 45cm
d) 60cm
18. Size of main door should not be less than __________ feet
a) 6
b) 8
c) 10
 d) 11
19. Area of window of floor area ________ %
a) 10
b) 15
c) 20
d) 25
20. Sill of window should be from floor level_________ to _______ feet
a) 2.5-3
b) 4-6
c) 5-6
d) 6-8
21. Building bye laws guide regarding
a) Size of room
b) Height of room
c) Ventilation
d) All of these
22. The usable area of the building is called
a) Covered area
b) Plinth area
c) Floor area
d) Carpet area
23. Arrangement of door and windows in the building is called
a) Prospect
b) Aspect
c) Grouping
d) Roominess
24. Defining the maximum benefit from the minimum dimension of room is called
a) Aspect
b) Set back
c) Margin
d) Courtyard
25. Open area in front of building is called
a) Lawn
b) Set back
c) Margin
d) Courtyard
26. Minimum size of bathroom ________ square meter
a) 1.5
b) 1.8
c) 2.5
d) 2.75
27. Minimum height of living room ______ m
a) 1.5
b) 1.75
c) 2.5
d) 2.75
 SHORT QUESTION + ANSWERS

Q1) what is meant by house planning?

ANS)
When to construct a building it is kept in the mind that it would serve the purpose of its
construction. This include the provision of all facilities like
Light, fresh air etc. and to minimize the whole cost of the building and provide a good
environment for workers

Q2) what is meant building bye-laws?

ANS)
The rules and regulation framed by town planning authorities covering the requirements of
building, ensuring safety of the public through open spaces, minimum size of rooms and height
and area limitation, are known as building bye-laws.
Rules and regulations which largely regulate the building activity should be formulated to get
disciplined growth of building and the better planned development of towns and cities

Q3) write the objective of building by laws?

ANS)
• pre-planning of building activity.
• allow orderly growth and prevent haphazard development.
• Provisions of by-laws usually afford safety against fire, noise, health hazard and structure
failure.
• Provide proper utilization of space to achieved maximum efficiency in planning.
• They provide health, safety and comfort to the people who live in building.
• Due to these bye-laws, each building will have proper approaches, light, air and ventilation

Q4) write the scope of building bye-laws?

ANS)
Aspects of different type of building in building bye-laws:
8. Building frontage line
9. Minimum plot size
10. Built up area of building
11. Height of building
12. Provision of safety, water supply drainage, proper light and ventilation
13. Requirement for off street parking space
14. Size of structural element

Q5) write the principles of building bye-laws?

ANS)
Principle of building by laws as given
14. Building is planed keeping in mind necessity of a family and standard of building is
established by considering the standard of the family
15. Size of each room is established by considering he intended use of room additionally
necessary sun light and ventilation arrangement are also considered from relevant room
16. Limit for height of building is established in accordance to the city area
17. Limit of roof projection towards open space is also established
18. Height of boundary wall and area of door are also established
19. Management of water supply and gas
20. Construction area on construction site is recognized
21. Size of plot in term of length and width is recognized
22. Construction material and way of construction are determine and implemented through
specification
23. Least width of the street way is established
24. Height of plinth level from steel is recognized
25. To ensure signature of certified engineer and architect
26. To chalk out modalities for safety and health during construction

Q6) write the function of local authority?

ANS)
The Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government oversees the operation of the local
government system, providing the policy framework within which local authorities work and
deliver services to the communities that they represent and serve. The Department also supports
local government in its role of promoting the well-being and quality of life of citizens and
communities through the efficient performance of functions and delivery of good-value services
at local level.

Q7) define the following?

1. Residential building
2. Educational building
3. Institutional building
4. Assembly building
ANS)
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
These buildings include one or two private dwellings, apartment houses (flats), hotels,
dormitories etc.
EDUCATIONAL BUILDING
These buildings include any building used for school, college or day care purposes involving
assembly for instruction, education or recreation.
INSTITUITIONAL BUILDING
These buildings include any building or part which is used for medical treatment etc. Such as
Hospitals, nursing homes, orphanages, sanatoria, jails, prisons, mental hospitals etc.
ASSEMBLY BUILDING
These buildings may include any building or part of a building where a group of people gathers
for recreation, amusement, social, religious or such types of purposes such as theaters, assembly
halls, exhibition halls, restaurants, museum, club rooms, auditoria etc.

**********************************************************************
REFRENCE BOOKS
1. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION BY ARORA & GUPTHA
2. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION BY M.RANGWALA
3. CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY CHUDLY VOLUME I, II, III, IV
4. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION MACKEY VOLUME I, II, III, IV
5. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION BY S.K SHERMA
6. GEO TECJNICAL SESIMIC ENGINEERING BY S.L.K KRAMER
7. EARTH QUACK RESISTANT OF STRUCTURE BY P.AGERWAL
8. DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURE BY P.DAYARANTUM, S.CHAND
9. FUNDEMENTAL OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION BY EDWARD ALLEN, WELY
10. STRUCTURE STEEL WORK A.B CLARK & S.H COVERMAN, CHAPMAN & HALL