Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A2201280B067
A2201280B067
A2201280B067
3+Ү87+8Ұ781*7+Ѭ78<ӂ1*,È3
%Ҵ1*'$2&Ҳ76,Ç8Æ0
7UҫQ1JӑF/ѭѫQJ
%͟QKYL͟Q1ͱLWL͗W7UXQJ́˿QJ
1JKLrQFXÿ́ͻFWKΉFKL͟QWUrQE͟QKQKkQXQJWḰWX\͗QJLiSÿmÿ́ͻFPͭF͇WWRjQEͱWX\͗QJLiS
YjQ̹RYpWK̹FKWUXQJWkPW̹L%͟QKYL͟Q1ͱLWL͗W7UXQJ́˿QJWÿ͗Q&KͿ\͗XE͟QK
QKkQOjQ·JLͳLYͳLWXͭLWUXQJEuQKOjWXͭL7K͵LJLDQEͣE͟QKWUXQJEuQK
WKiQJ9ͣWUtQKkQͷWK\SK̻LWUiLYjWK\Ẃ˿QJÿ́˿QJQKDXYjWKHRWKWΉO̿QÓͻWOj
Yj&yQKkQQ͉PͷHR.tFKWḰͳFQKkQQKͧQK̽WFPWUXQJEuQKFPOͳQ
QK̽WFP+̿XK͗WXFzQQ͉PWURQJEDR.͗WTX̻JL̻LSK̓XE͟QKFXͩLFXQJFKRWK̽\FyXQJ
WḰÿmGLFăQK̹FKĈ͛F͇WWX\͗QJLiSYjQ̹RYpWK̹FKFiFWiFJL̻GQJGDRF͇WÿͩWVLrXkP.͗WTX̻FKR
WK̽\WK͵LJLDQPͭQKDQKQK̽WOjSK~WOkXQK̽WOjSK~WYjWUXQJEuQKOjSK~W/́ͻQJPiX
P̽WU̽WWK̽SWPOWUXQJEuQKPO'ͣFKUDG̓QÓXVDXPͭFNJQJFK͡PO.K{QJFy
EL͗QFKQJWrWD\FKkQKD\QyLNKjQYƭQKYL͝QFK͡FyFDQyLNKjQFDXͩQJV͏FYjFDWrWD\FKkQW̹P
WK͵LYj1ḰYͅ\V΅GͽQJGDRÿͩWF͇WVLrXkPWURQJSK̓XWKXͅWF͇WWRjQEͱWX\͗QJLiS
FyQ̹RYpWK̹FKNKRDQJWUXQJWkPYjNKRDQJErQFKRN͗WTX̻QKDQKDQWRjQKL͟XTX̻
7ӯNKyDXQJWKѭWX\ӃQJLiSGDRFҳWVLrXkP
,ĈҺ79Ҩ1Ĉӄ ÿӇOҥLQKLӅXWәFKӭFWX\ӃQJLiSNKyNKăQFKR
ÿLӅX WUӏ ,RW SKyQJ [ҥ VDX Pә FzQ QӃX GQJ
8QJWKѭWX\ӃQJLiS877*FKLӃPWӹOӋ
GDRÿLӋQWKuÿӝQyQJVӁOjPWәQWKѭѫQJWUӵF
FiFORҥLXQJWKѭQyLFKXQJ7ҥL%ӋQKYLӋQQӝL
WLӃSÿӃQGk\WKҫQNLQKKD\WX\ӃQFұQJLiS9ӟL
WLӃW7UXQJѭѫQJWKHRWK{QJEiRFӫD7UҫQ1JӑF
YLӋFGQJGDRFҳWÿӕWVLrXkPFyWKӇFҧLWKLӋQ
/ѭѫQJWURQJVӕEӋQKQKkQPәWX\ӃQJLiS
WURQJWKӡLJLDQQăPWKiQJWӯ ÿѭӧFWuQKWUҥQJQj\7KHRFiFWK{QJEiRQy
FyEӋQKQKkQXQJWKѭWX\ӃQJLiSFKLӃP FzQJL~SJLҧPWKӡLJLDQFӫDSKүXWKXұW>@9u
Wӹ OӋ >@ 3KүX WKXұW FҳW WRjQ Eӝ WX\ӃQ Yұ\ FK~QJ W{L WLӃQ KjQK QJKLrQ FӭX Qj\ ÿӇ
JLiSNqPWKHRQҥRYpWKҥFKOjPӝWSKүXWKXұW SKүX WKXұW EӋQK XQJ WKѭ WX\ӃQ JLiS QKҵP
FKӫÿҥRWX\QKLrQSKүXWKXұWQj\FNJQJҧQK PөFWLrXP{WҧPӝWVӕÿһFÿLӇPFKXQJYӅOkP
KѭӣQJÿӃQNӃWTXҧFӫDPәFKҩWOѭӧQJVӕQJ VjQJ FұQ OkP VjQJ FӫD EӋQK XQJ WKѭ WX\ӃQ
FӫD EӋQK QKkQ 9LӋF FҳW KӃW Wә FKӭF WX\ӃQ JLiSYjÿiQKJLiNӃWTXҧVӟPFӫDSKүXWKXұW
JLiSQKҩWOjFKӛGk\FKҵQJ%HUU\YjQҥRYpW FҳWWRjQEӝFyQҥRYpWKҥFKNKRDQJWUXQJWkP
KҥFK NKRDQJ WUXQJ WkP Oj QKӳQJ \ӃX Wӕ WiF YjNKRDQJErQEҵQJGDRFҳWÿӕWVLrXkP
ÿӝQJWUӵFWLӃSÿӃQGk\WKҫQNLQKTXһWQJѭӧF ,,ĈӔ,7ѬӦ1*9¬3+ѬѪ1*3+È3
YjWX\ӃQFұQJLiSOjPEӋQKQKkQNKyWKӣWҳF
WKӣ Wr WD\ FKkQ KD\ FѫQ WrWDQL WҥP WKӡL KD\ ĈӕLWѭӧQJ
YƭQKYLӉQĈһFELӋWQӃXNK{QJGQJGDRÿLӋQ 7ҩW Fҧ QKӳQJ EӋQK QKkQ ÿѭӧF FKҭQ
ÿӇFҳWKD\QҥRYpWKҥFKWKuSKҧLFһSNKkXVӁ ÿRiQ[iFÿӏQKOjXQJWKѭWX\ӃQJLiSEҵQJNӻ
378
TCNCYH Phuï tröông 80 (3B) - 2012
WKXұWFKӑFK~WWӃEjRNLPQKӓ7URQJQJKLrQ ÿӇ FKӃ ÿӝ PD[LPXP FһS Kӡ Yj WUѭӧW ÿӝQJ
FӭXQj\FyEӋQKQKkQÿѭӧFWKDPJLDYjR PҥFK WUrQ KjP KRҥW ÿӝQJ FӫD GDR .KL QjR
QJKLrQFӭX WKҩ\ÿӝQJPҥFKÿәLPjXWUҳQJVăQQKӓOҥLWKu
EҳWÿҫXFҳWFNJQJEҵQJGDRQj\
3KѭѫQJSKiSQJKLrQFӭX
*LҧLSKyQJFӵFGѭӟL
1JKLrQ FӭX FDQ WKLӋS NKRQJ ÿӕL FKӭQJ
Vӱ GөQJ P{ KuQK ÿiQK JLi KLӋX TXҧ WUѭӟF 'QJNҽSUăQJFKXӝWQkQJWK\WX\ӃQOrQ
VDX SKүX WKXұW .KiP OkP VjQJ [iF ÿӏQK Yӏ WUrQYjRWURQJ
WUtNtFKWKѭӟFPұWÿӝUDQKJLӟLÿӝ[kPOҩQ
7uPWiFKGk\WKҫQNLQKTXһWQJѭӧFWX\ӃQ
FӫD X KҥFK Fә GL FăQ .KiP FұQ OkP VjQJ
FұQJLiS
EDRJӗPVLrXkPÿiQKJLiYӏWUtNtFKWKѭӟF
UDQK JLӟL PұW ÿӝ kP ÿӝ [kP OҩQ FӫD X UD 7iFKWӯGѭӟLOrQWUrQFҳWGk\FKҵQJ%HUU\
QJRjLYӟLFѫTXDQ[XQJTXDQKFKөSFҳWOӟS &ҳWHRWX\ӃQ
ÿiQK JLi ÿһF ELӋW ÿӝ [kP OҩQ NKt TXҧQ Fѫ
1ӃX WUѭӡQJ KӧS Wә FKӭF XQJ WKѭ ÿm EҳW
PҥFKPiXQKҩWOjWƭQKPҥFKFҧQKWURQJFKӑF
ÿҫX [kP OҩQ YjR WKjQK NKt TXҧQ WKu WiFK EҳW
WӃ EjR EҵQJ NLP QKӓ Yj [pW QJKLӋP KRFPRQ
ÿҫXFzQUDQKJLӟLWUѭӟFVDXÿyVӁWiFKWӍDGҫQ
WX\ӃQJLiS'өQJFөQJRjLGөQJFөPәWK{QJ
FKӛGtQKFKRÿӃQNKLOҩ\EӓKRjQWRjQ
WKѭӡQJ FzQ Fy GDR FҳW ÿӕW VLrX kP ORҥL Pә
PӣÿѭӧFKmQJ-RKQVRQ -RKQVRQVҧQ[XҩW 1̹RYpWK̹FK
)RFXVKDUPRQLFVFDOSHO .KRDQJ WUXQJ WkP WiFK GӑF WKHR Gk\
&iFEѭӟFWLӃQKjQKSKүXWKXұW WKҫQNLQKGQJNҽSUăQJFKXӝWNҽSYjRNKӕL
KҥFKQkQJ NKӕL Qj\ OrQ 'QJ GDR VLrX kP
*k\ Pr QӝL NKt TXҧQ Wѭ WKӃ EӋQK QKkQ
YӯD WiFK YӯD ÿӕW FҳW Oҩ\ Eӓ KRjQ WRjQ FiF
QҵPQJӱDFәѭӥQNrJӕLGѭӟLYDL
NKӕLKҥFKNӇFҧWәFKӭFPӥFKRÿӃQWұQWX\ӃQ
&iFEѭӟFPәUҥFKGDWKHRÿѭӡQJ.RFKHU ӭF7URQJTXiWUuQKWiFKFҳWOҩ\KҥFKQӃXWKҩ\
YjWiFKYҥWGDOrQWUrQYj[XӕQJGѭӟLĈӇÿLWӟL WX\ӃQFұQJLiSWKLGӯQJOҥL[HP[pWFKӛQjROj
WX\ӃQJLiSFK~QJW{LNK{QJÿLWӯÿѭӡQJJLӳD FXӕQJPҥFKÿӇWUiQKUDFKӛNKiF
PjWKHRÿѭӡQJErQEҵQJFiFK
.KRDQJErQ
7iFK Eӡ WUѭӟF Fѫ ӭF ÿzQ FKNJP NpR Fѫ
UDQKJLӟLWӯEӡWURQJÿӝQJPҥFKFҧQKUD
Qj\UDQJRjL
QJRjL%ҳWÿҫXWKHRFKӛWiFKFӫDEӡWUѭӟFFѫ
7iFK Fѫ YDL PyQJ NpR Fѫ Qj\ UD QJRjL ӭFÿzQFKNJPWiFKYjWLӃSWөFNpRFѫQj\UD
OrQWUrQ QJRjLFKRWӟLNKLWKҩ\ÿѭӧFEӡQJRjLFӫDWƭQK
7iFKGӑFFѫӭFJLiSÿӇEӝFOӝWX\ӃQJLiS PҥFK FҧQK WURQJ WKu ÿm QҵP ӣ JLӳD NKRDQJ
ErQ /ҩ\ WRjQ Eӝ FiF KҥFK Yj Wә FKӭF Pӥ
%ӝFOӝWX\ӃQJLiS
ӣNKRDQJQj\&K~êWiFKFiFGk\ÿӕWVӕQJ
%ҳW ÿҫX Wӯ WKu Qj\ Vӱ GөQJ GDR FҳW ÿӕW FәÿӝQJPҥFKWKkQJLiSQKӏFәYDL%rQWUiL
VLrXkP NK{QJ QrQ Oҩ\ [XӕQJ TXi VkX GӉ OjP WәQ
WKѭѫQJӕQJQJӵF
*LҧLSKyQJFӵFWUrQGQJFһSUăQJFKXӝW
FһSNpRFӵFWUrQOrQWUrQUDQJRjL7iFKYjR ĈiQKJLiWURQJPәOѭӧQJPiXPҩWWKӡL
NKRDQJY{PҥFKWiFKEDRWX\ӃQWӯQJRjLYjR JLDQPәĈiQKJLiVDXPәFKҧ\PiXSKҧLPӣ
%ӝF Oӝ ÿӝQJ PҥFK JLiS WUrQ NK{QJ FһS FҳW OҥLOѭӧQJGӏFKVDXPәQyLNKjQWrWD\FKkQ
WKҳWKD\NKkXPjVӱGөQJGDRVLrXkP'DR FѫQWHHWDQLQXӕWVһF
379
TCNCYH Phuï tröông 80 (3B) - 2012
,,,.ӂ748Ҧ
%ҧQJ3KkQEӕEӋQKQKkQWKHRWXәLYjJLӟL
*LӟLWtQK 7XәL
1DP 1ӳ 1KӓQKҩW 7UXQJEuQK /ӟQQKҩW
6ӕOѭӧQJ
7URQJVӕEӋQKQKkQXQJWKѭWX\ӃQJLiSÿѭӧFSKүXWKXұWFKӍFyEӋQKQKkQOjQDPJLӟL
FzQOҥLFKӫ\ӃXEӋQKQKkQOjQӳJLӟL
7XәLWUXQJEuQKFӫDEӋQKQKkQOjOjWXәLGDRÿӝQJWӯÿӃQWXәL7KӡLJLDQ
EӏEӋQKWUXQJEuQKWKiQJ
%ҧQJ3KkQEӕYӏWUtQKkQXQJWKѭWX\ӃQJLiS
9ӏWUtQKkQӣWK\SKҧLWUiLYjWK\WѭѫQJÿѭѫQJQKDXYjWKHRWKӭWӵOҫQOѭӧWOj
Yj&yQKkQQҵPӣHR.tFKWKѭӟFQKkQQKӓQKҩWFPOӟQQKҩWFPWUXQJEuQK
FP
%ҧQJ3KkQEӕPӭFÿӝ[kPOҩQFӫDNKӕLX
ĈҥL ÿD Vӕ FiF NKӕL X WX\ӃQ JLiS YүQ FzQ QҵP WURQJ EDR UD QJRjL Yӓ EDR FKӍ Fy
WUѭӡQJKӧSYjFKѭDFyWUѭӡQJKӧSQjRGLFăQ
.ӃWTXҧSKүXWKXұWYӅWKӡLJLDQPәWUѭӡQJKӧSPәQKDQKQKҩWOjSK~WGjLQKҩWSK~W
YjWKӡLJLDQWUXQJEuQKOjSK~W/ѭӧQJPiXPҩWtWQKҩWPOQKLӅXQKҩWPOYj
WUXQJEuQKPO'ӏFKTXDGүQOѭXtWQKҩWPOQKLӅXQKҩWPOWUXQJEuQKPO
%ҧQJ&iFELӃQFKӭQJVDXSKүXWKXұW
380
TCNCYH Phuï tröông 80 (3B) - 2012
%ҧQJFKRWKҩ\NK{QJFyELӃQFKӭQJWr .KLQҥRYpWKҥFKWKѭӡQJOjPUiFKFiFPҥFK
WD\FKkQKD\QyLNKjQYƭQKYLӉQFKӍFyFDQyL PiXQj\YjJk\FKҧ\PiX7UѭӟFÿk\FKѭD
NKjQFDXӕQJVһFYjFDWrWD\FKkQWҥP FyGDRÿLӋQWKѭӡQJSKҧLGQJFKӍÿӇEXӝF
WKӡLYj OҥL7URQJWKDRWiFEXӝFÿ{LNKLEXӝFFҧGk\
WKҫQ NLQK +RһF VDX Qj\ GQJ GDR ÿLӋQ ÿӇ
,9%¬1/8Ұ1
ÿӕW FҫP PiX QKѭQJ [XQJ TXDQK FKӛ ÿӕW
%ӋQKWX\ӃQJLiSFKӫ\ӃXJһSӣQӳJLӟL FNJQJ UҩW QyQJ Yj FNJQJ OjP WәQ WKѭѫQJ Gk\
YӟL Wӹ OӋ QDP Qӳ NKRҧQJ Wӯ FiF WKҫQ NLQK Jk\ FKR EӋQK QKkQ QyL NKjQ WҥP
WUѭӡQJKӧS7URQJQJKLrQFӭXQj\FKӍFy WKӡL KRһF YƭQK YLӉQ VDX NKL Pә &y QKӳQJ
EӋQK QKkQ QDP FKLӃP Wӹ OӋ 1Kѭ Yұ\ WUѭӡQJKӧSYuNK{QJEyFWiFKÿѭӧFGk\WKҫQ
FNJQJQKѭFiFQJKLrQFӭXNKiF>@>@8QJ NLQK FKR QrQ FiF WKDR WiF ÿ{L NKL NK{QJ
WKѭ WX\ӃQ JLiS WKѭӡQJ kP Ӎ NpR GjL QKLӅX NLӇP VRiW KӃW OjP ÿӭW UӡL KRjQ WRjQ Fҧ
NKL SKiW KLӋQ ÿҫX WLrQ FӫD EӋQK OҥL Oj Vӡ ErQOjPFKREӋQKQKkQWҳFWKӣVDXPәSKҧL
WKҩ\ KҥFK ÿm GL FăQ &KtQK Yu WKӃ WKӡL JLDQ PӣNKtTXҧQ7URQJEӋQKQKkQPәQăP
PҳFEӋQKӣÿk\FyEӋQKQKkQOkXÿӃQ 7UҫQ1JӑF/ѭѫQJÿmWK{QJEiRFyWӟL
WKiQJ QăP 7URQJ QJKLrQ FӭX ӣ WUѭӡQJKӧSVX\K{KҩSFҩSWURQJÿyFy
EӋQKQKkQFӫD7UҫQ1JӑF/ѭѫQJQăP FDSKҧLPӣNKtTXҧQFzQVӕEӋQKQKkQQyL
WKu Fy ÿӃQ Vӕ EӋQK QKkQ SKiW KLӋQ NKjQ WҥP WKӡL OrQ ÿӃQ >@ $QWRQLR
XQJWKѭVDXQăPEӏEӋQK>@6ӵSKkQEӕ 7RQLDWR Pә WUѭӡQJ KӧS XQJ WKѭ WX\ӃQ
FӫDFiFQKkQWѭѫQJÿӕLÿӗQJÿӅXJLӳDFiF JLiSWKӇQK~WKuWӹOӋOLӋWGk\WKҫQNLQKWKDQK
WK\WK\SKҧLWK\WUiLYjFҧErQOҫQOѭӧW TXҧQOjWURQJÿyOLӋWYƭQKYLӉQFKLӃPWӟL
OjYj&KӍFyӣWK\ >@&zQ6LPWK{QJEiRWURQJVӕ
HR1JKLrQFӭXFӫD7UҫQ1JӑF/ѭѫQJWUѭӟF WUѭӡQJKӧSPәWKuVӕEӋQKQKkQQyL
ÿk\FNJQJFKRWKҩ\WӹOӋWѭѫQJWӵJLӳDWK\ NKjQVDXPәWURQJÿyFyWӟLQyLNKjQ
SKҧLYjWK\WUiLYjQKѭQJӣ YƭQKYLӉQ>@7URQJNKLÿyFK~QJW{LFKӍJһS
WK\HRFKӍFy>@ Fy WUѭӡQJ KӧS QyL NKjQ WҥP WKӡL NK{QJ
9ӅNtFKWKѭӟFFӫDQKkQӣÿk\WҩWFҧ FyWUѭӡQJKӧSQjRQyLNKjQYƭQKYLӉQ6DX
EӋQK QKkQ ÿӅX Fy NtFK WKѭӟF WUrQ FP NKLQҥRYpWKҥFKӣNKRDQJWUXQJWkPFK~QJ
0һF G QKkQ FzQ QҵP ӣ WURQJ EDR W{L Fy WKӇ QkQJ Gk\ WKҫQ NLQK TXһW QJѭӧF
QKѭQJWKHRQJX\FѫFӫDEӋQKÿѭӧF[ӃSYjR OrQKӃWVӭFGӉGjQJNK{QJFyNKyNKăQJu
ORҥLFyQJX\FѫFDR&KtQKYuYұ\WҩWFҧFiF ĈLӅX Qj\ QKӡ SKҫQ OӟQ YjR WiF GөQJ FӫD
EӋQK QKkQ ÿm ÿѭӧF FҳW WRjQ Eӝ WX\ӃQ JLiS GDRVLrXkPĈӝQyQJWӓDUD[XQJTXDQKUҩW
YjQҥRYpWKҥFK9jNӃWTXҧJLҧLSKүXEӋQK WKҩSYjKҫXQKѭFKӍ[ҧ\UDӣJLӳDKjPFӫD
FXӕL FQJ FNJQJ ÿm FKR WKҩ\ Fy Vӕ GDR Pj WK{L ĈӕL YӟL WX\ӃQ FұQ JLiS FNJQJ
KҥFKOҩ\UDÿmEӏGLFăQ3KүXWKXұWFҳWWRjQ WѭѫQJ Wӵ NKL [XQJ TXDQK FKҧ\ PiX WURQJ
Eӝ WX\ӃQ JLiS WURQJ XQJ WKѭ WX\ӃQ JLiS Fy TXiWUuQKWiFKWX\ӃQQj\UDNKӓLWX\ӃQJLiS
KD\NK{QJFyQҥRYpWKҥFKÿ{LNKLFzQSKө WKu NKL EXӝF KRһF ÿӕW ÿLӋQ FҫP PiX FNJQJ
WKXӝF YjR TXDQ ÿLӇP FӫD WӯQJ SKүX WKXұW UҩWGӉOjPWKѭѫQJWәQPҥFKPiXQX{LWX\ӃQ
YLrQ9LӋFOҩ\KҥFKVӁOjPWăQJOrQQJX\Fѫ Qj\ QKҩW Oj VӭF QyQJ FӫD GDR ÿLӋQ Fy WKӇ
WәQ WKѭѫQJ Gk\ WKҫQ NLQK TXһW QJѭӧF Yj OjP VXQ PҥFK PiX Qj\ OҥL 1Kѭ Yұ\ WX\ӃQ
WX\ӃQ FұQ JLiS ;XQJ TXDQK Gk\ WKҫQ NLQK VӁNK{QJFyPiXQX{LGѭӥQJ7ӹOӋVX\FұQ
TXһWQJѭӧFWKѭӡQJFyUҩWQKLӅXPҥFKPiX JLiS WҥP WKӡL VDX Pә FӫD $QWRQLR 7RQLDWR
381
TCNCYH Phuï tröông 80 (3B) - 2012
Oj VX\ FұQ JLiS YƭQK YLӉQ Oj >@ 7¬,/,ӊ87+$0.+Ҧ2
FӫD56LPWҥPWKӡLOjFzQYƭQKYLӉQ
7UҫQ 1JӑF /ѭѫQJ 0DL YăQ 6kP
Oj >@ ĈӕL YӟL NӃW TXҧ FӫD7UҫQ 1JӑF
1JX\ӉQ 7LӃQ /mQJ 0ӝW Vӕ QKұQ [pW
/ѭѫQJ WK{QJ EiR QăP WKu FKӍ Fy FD
YӅÿһFÿLӇPOkPVjQJFұQOkPVjQJYjÿLӅXWUӏ
Kҥ FDQ[L PiX YƭQK YLӉQ QKѭQJ Fy WӟL
SKүXWKXұWFӫDWUѭӡQJKӧSXQJWKѭWX\ӃQ
Wr WD\ FKkQ WҥP WKӡL >@7URQJ QJKLrQ
JLiSWҥL%ӋQKYLӋQ1ӝLWLӃW7UXQJѭѫQJ7ҥSFKt
FӭXQj\FӫDFK~QJW{LFKӍFyFDWrWD\FKkQ
7K{QJWLQ<'ѭӧFVӕ7UDQJ
WҥPWKӡLYjKRjQWRjQNK{QJFyWUѭӡQJ
KӧS QjR Eӏ Wr WD\ FKkQ YƭQK YLӉQ .KL GQJ 7UҫQ1JӑF/ѭѫQJ3KDQ+RjQJ+LӋS
GDRVLrXkPWiFKWX\ӃQFұQJLiSUDNKӓLWX\ӃQ 0ӝW Vӕ QKұQ [pW YӅ WuQK KuQK SKүX
JLiSFNJQJUҩWGӉGjQJEҵQJFKtQKKjPFӫD WKXұWWҥL.KRDQJRҥLEӋQKYLӋQ1ӝLWLӃW7UXQJ
GөQJ Fө &y WKӇ FһS FҳW EDR Pj KRjQ WRjQ ѭѫQJ7ҥSFKt7K{QJWLQ<'ѭӧFVӕ
NK{QJҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃQWX\ӃQFұQJLiS 7UDQJ
9.ӂ7/8Ұ1 $QWRQLR7RQLDWR,VDEHOOH%RVFKLQHW
DO3DSLOODU\WK\URLGFDUFLQRPDIDFWRUV
6ӱGөQJGDRFҳWÿӕWVLrXkPDQWRjQKLӋX
LQÀXHQFLQJ UHFXUUHQFH DQG VXUYLYDO$QQDO RI
TXҧ ÿһF ELӋW FKR QҥR YpW KҥFK NKRDQJ ErQ
VXUJLFDORQFRORJ\SS
Yj NKRDQJ WUXQJ WkP ӣ FiF WUѭӡQJ KӧS FҳW
WRjQEӝWX\ӃQJLiSWURQJXQJWKѭWX\ӃQJLiS 56LPDQG.&6RR6XUJLFDO
.ӻWKXұW Qj\ Fy WKӇ FKX\ӇQ JLDR iS GөQJ WҥL WUHDWPHQW RI WK\URLG FDQFHU WKH 6LQJDSRUH
WX\ӃQ WӍQK KRһF FiF EӋQK YLӋQ NKX YӵF WUrQ JHQHUDO KRVSLWDO H[SHULHQFH -5&ROO 6XUJ
WRjQTXӕF (GLQESS
6XPPDU\
7+(5(68/762)7+<52,'&$5&,120$23(5$7('%<+$5021,&6&$/3(/
$SURVSHFWLYHVWXG\KDVSHUIRUPHGRQWKHFDVHVRIWK\URLGFDUFLQRPDXQGHUZHQWWRWDOWK\URLGHFWRP\
ZLWKFHQWUDODQGODWHUDOFRPSDUWPHQWGLVVHFWLRQE\+DUPRQLFVFDOSHODW1DWLRQDO+RVSLWDORI(QGRFULQRORJ\
ZLWKPHDQDJHRI\HDUVROG0RVWRIWKHPDUHIHPDOH7KHQRGXOHORFDWLRQLQULJKWOREH
OHIWOREHDQGERWKOREHZHUHDQGUHVSHFWLYHO\7KHUHZDVRQO\RIQRGXOHIRXQGLQ
WKHLVWKPXV7KHPHDQQRGXOHVL]HZDVFP0RVWRIQRGXOHVZHUHVWLOOLQWK\URLGFDSVXOH
)RUDQDWRPRSDWKRORJ\WKHUHZHUHRIFDVHVZKRKDYHO\PSKQRGHPHWDVWDVH7KHUHVXOWV
WKHPHDQRSHUDWLYHWLPHZDVPLQXWHV7KHPHDQLQWUDRSHUDWLYHEORRGORVVZDVRQO\
PO7KHPHDQSRVWRSHUDWLYHGUDLQOLTXLGHZDVPO&RPSOLFDWLRQVWKHUHZDVQRW
DQ\FDVHRISHUPDQHQWK\SRSDUDWK\URLGLVPDQGKRUVHQHVV7KHUHZHUHRQO\FDVHRIKRUVHQHVVYRLFH
DQGFDVHVRIK\SRSDUDWK\URLGLVP&RQFOXVLRQWKHWRWDOWK\URLGHFWRP\ZLWKFHQWUDODQGODWHUDOO\PSKQRGH
GLVVHFWLRQIRUWK\URLGHFDUFLQRPDLVIDVWVDIHO\DQGHIIHFWLYHO\E\XVLQJRIKDUPRQLFVFDOSHO
.H\ZRUGVWK\URLGFDUFLQRPDKDUPRQLFVFDOSHO
382