AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTS, EQUIPMENT

AND DOCUMENTS FOR FLIGHT

AIR NAVIGATION ORDER

VERSION : 4.0
DATE OF IMPLEMENTATION : 16-07-2018
OFFICE OF PRIME INTEREST : Airworthiness Directorate

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A. AUTHORITY:

A1. This Air Navigation Order is issued by Director General Civil Aviation Authority in pursuance of
Rules 4, 5, 252, 253, Sub-rule (3) & (5) of 333, 360 and all other enabling provision of Civil Aviation Rules
1994 (CARs 1994).

B. PURPOSE:

B1. In addition to the minimum equipment necessary for the issuance of a Certificate of
Airworthiness, the instruments, equipment and documents prescribed in this Air Navigation Order shall
be installed or carried in serviceable condition, as appropriate, in aeroplane/ helicopter according to the
aeroplane/ helicopter intended operation and to the circumstances under which the flight is to be
conducted.
B2. This ANO prescribes requirements for operation-derived equipment and shall be read in
conjunction with latest revision of relevant Air Navigation Orders issued by Flight Standards Directorate
of Pakistan CAA such as, but not limited to ANO-024-FSXX.
C. SCOPE:
C1. This ANO is applicable to all aircraft registered in Pakistan and involved in type of operations as
specified herein.

D. DESCRIPTION:

D1. DEFINITIONS:

D1.1 The following terms when used in this ANO, have the meanings assigned to them respectively.
Any term used in this ANO but not defined, shall have the same meaning as given in the Civil Aviation
Ordinance, 1960, Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority Ordinance 1982, CARs, 1994 and relevant ICAO
Annexes. For detailed definitions, refer to latest issue of AWNOT-017-AWRG.
D1.2 Commercial air transport operation: An aircraft operation involving the transport of passengers
(Regular Public Transport (RPT) and/ or Charter), cargo or mail for remuneration or hire. For the purpose
of this ANO, the requirements mentioned for Aeroplane involved in International Commercial Air
Transport are applicable on all aircraft falling under the definition of Commercial air transport operation.

D1.3 General aviation operation: An aircraft operation other than a commercial air transport
operation.

D1.4 Type I and IA FDR: shall record the parameters required to determine accurately the aeroplane
flight path, speed, attitude, engine power, configuration and operation.

D1.5 Type II and IIA FDR:, shall record the parameters required to determine accurately the
aeroplane flight path, speed, attitude, engine power, configuration of lift and drag devices.

D1.6 Type IV FDR: shall record the parameters required to determine accurately the helicopter flight
path, speed, attitude, engine power and operation.

D1.7 Type IVA FDR: shall record the parameters required to determine accurately the helicopter flight
path, speed, attitude, engine power, operation and configuration.

D1.8 Type V FDR: shall record the parameters required to determine accurately the helicopter flight
path, speed, attitude and engine power.

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D2. FLIGHT DATA RECORDER (FDR)

D2.1 The detailed requirements on applicability of Flight Data Recorder, based on the intended
operation, are listed in Appendix A to Appendix D of this ANO. The additional requirements are listed
below, individually as per intended type of operation.
D2.2 International Commercial Air Transport - Aeroplane
D2.2.1 Discontinuity
D2.2.1.1 Use of engraving metal foil type FDR shall be discontinued.
D2.2.1.2 Use of analog FDRs using frequency modulation FM shall be discontinued.
D2.2.1.3 Use of photographic film FDR shall be discontinued.
D2.2.1.4 Use of magnetic tape FDRs shall be discontinued.
D2.2.2 Duration
D2.2.2.1 All FDRs shall be capable of retaining the information recorded during at least
the last 25 hours of their operation, except for the Type IIA FDR which shall be
capable of retaining the information recorded during at least the last 30
minutes of its operation.

D2.2.3 Flight Recorder Data Recovery

D2.2.3.1 All aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 27 000 kg and
authorized to carry more than nineteen passengers for which the application
for type certification is submitted to a Contracting State on or after 1 January
2021, shall be equipped with a means approved by the PCAA, to recover flight
recorder data and make it available in a timely manner.
D2.2.3.2 PCAA, while approving the means to recover flight recorder data and make it
available in a timely manner, shall take into account the following:

a. the capabilities of the operator

b. overall capability of the aeroplane and its systems as certified by the
State of Design
c. the reliability of the means to recover the appropriate CVR channels and
appropriate FDR data
d. specific mitigation measures
D2.3 International General Aviation – Aeroplanes
D2.3.1 Discontinuity
D2.3.1.1 Engraving metal foil FDRs shall be discontinued.
D2.3.1.2 Use of analogue FDRs using frequency modulation shall be discontinued.
D2.3.1.3 The use of magnetic tape FDRs should be discontinued.
D2.3.2 Duration
D2.3.2.1 All FDRs shall be capable of retaining the information recorded during last 25
hours of their operation.
D2.4 International Commercial Operations - Helicopters

D2.4.1 Discontinuity
D2.4.1.1 The use of engraving metal foil FDRs shall be discontinued.
D2.4.1.2 The use of photographic film FDRs shall be discontinued.
D2.4.1.3 The use of analogue FDRs using frequency modulation (FM) shall be
discontinued.

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D2.4.1.4 The use of magnetic tape FDRs shall be discontinued.

D2.4.2 Duration
D2.4.2.1 Types IV, IVA FDRs shall be capable of retaining the information recorded
during at least the last ten hours of their operation.
D2.5 International General Aviation - Helicopter
D2.5.1 Discontinuity
D2.5.1.1 The use of engraving metal foil FDR, shall be discontinued.
D2.5.1.2 The use of photographic film FDRs shall be discontinued.
D2.5.1.3 The use of analogue FDRs using frequency modulation (FM) shall be
discontinued.
D2.5.1.4 The use of magnetic tape FDRs shall be discontinued.

D2.5.2 Duration
D2.5.2.1 Type IV and IVA shall be capable of retaining the information recoded during
at least the last ten (10) hours of their operation.

D3. COCKPIT VOICE RECORDERS (CVR)/ COCKPIT AUDIO RECORDING SYSTEM

(CARS)
D3.1 The detailed requirements on applicability of Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR), based on the
intended operation, are listed in Appendix E to Appendix H of this ANO. The additional requirements are
listed below, individually as per intended type of operation.
D3.2 International Commercial Air Transport - Aeroplane
D3.2.1 Discontinuity
D3.2.1.1 The use of magnetic tape and wire CVRs shall be discontinued.

D3.2.2 Duration
D3.2.2.2 With effect from 01st January, 2016, all CVRs shall be capable of retaining the
information recorded during at least the last two hours of their operation.

D3.2.3 Cockpit Voice Recorder Alternate Power

D3.2.3.1 An alternate power source shall automatically engage and provide ten
minutes, plus or minus one minute, of operation whenever aeroplane power to
the recorder ceases, either by normal shutdown or by any other loss of power.
The alternate power source shall power the CVR and its associated cockpit
area microphone components. The CVR shall be located as close as
practicable to the alternate power source.

Note 1.— “Alternate” means separate from the power source that normally provides power to the CVR.
The use of aeroplane batteries or other power sources is acceptable provided that the requirements
above are met and electrical power to essential and critical loads is not compromised.

Note 2.— When the CVR function is combined with other recording functions within the same unit,
powering the other functions is allowed.

D3.2.3.2 All aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 27 000 kg for
which the application for type certification is submitted to a Contracting State
on or after 1 January 2018 shall be provided with an alternate power source,
as defined in D3.2.3.1, that powers the forward CVR in the case of
combination recorders.

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D3.2.4 Combination Recorders

D3.2.4.1. All aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 15 000 kg for
which the application for type certification is submitted to a Contracting State
on or after 1 January 2016, and which are required to be equipped with both a
CVR and an FDR, shall be equipped with two combination recorders
(FDR/CVR). One recorder shall be located as close to the cockpit as
practicable and the other recorder located as far aft as practicable.

D3.3 INTERNATIONAL GENERAL AVIATION – AEROPLANES

D3.3.1 Discontinuity
D3.3.1.1. The use of magnetic tape and wire CVRs shall be discontinued.
D3.3.2 Duration
D3.3.2.1. All CVRs shall be capable of retaining information recorded during at least last
two hours of their operation.

Requirements for Large and Turbojet Aeroplanes:

D3.3.3 Duration
D3.3.3.1. All CVRs shall be capable of retaining information recorded during at least last
two hours of their operation.
D3.3.3.2. All aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 27 000 kg for
which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after 1
January 2021 shall be equipped with a CVR capable of retaining the
information recorded during at least the last twenty-five hours of its operation.

D3.4 International Commercial Operations - Helicopters

D3.4.1 Discontinuity
D3.4.1.1. The use of magnetic tape and wire CVRs shall be discontinued.

D3.4.2 Duration
D3.4.2.1. All helicopters required to be equipped with a CVR shall be equipped with a
CVR capable of retaining the information recorded during the last two hours of
its operation.

D3.5 International General Aviation - Helicopter

D3.5.1 Discontinuity
D3.5.1.1. The use of magnetic tape and wire CVRs shall be discontinued.
D3.5.2 Duration
D3.5.2.1. All helicopters required to be equipped with a CVR shall be equipped with a
CVR capable of retaining the information recorded during the last two hours of
its operation.
D4. ALL AEROPLANE/HELICOPTER OPERATED IN ACCORDANCE WITH VISUAL FLIGHT RULE
D4.1 All aeroplanes/helicopters when operated as VFR flights shall be equipped with :
D4.1.1 a magnetic compass
D4.1.2 an accurate timepiece indicating the time in hours, minutes and seconds
D4.1.3 a sensitive pressure altimeter
D4.1.4 an airspeed indicator

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D4.1.5 such additional instruments or equipment as may be prescribed by the appropriate

authority.
D5. ALL AEROPLANES ON FLIGHTS OVER WATER

D5.1 all seaplanes for all flights shall be equipped with:

D5.1.1 one life jacket, or equivalent individual floatation device, for each person on board,
stowed in a position easily accessible from the seat or berth of the person for whose use
it is provided
D5.1.2 equipment for making the sound signals prescribed in the International Regulations for
Preventing Collisions at Sea, where applicable
D5.1.3 one sea anchor (drogue)

Note: Seaplanes" includes amphibians operated as seaplanes"

D5.2 Landplanes shall carry the equipment prescribed in D5.3.
D5.2.1 when flying over water and at a distance of more than 93 km (50 NM) away from the
shore, in the case of landplanes operated in accordance with their performance
operating limitations.
D5.2.2 when flying en route over water beyond gliding distance from the shore, in the case of all
other land-planes
D5.2.3 when taking off or landing at an aerodrome where, in the opinion of the PCAA, the take-
off or approach path is so disposed over water that in the event of a mishap there would
be a likelihood of a ditching.

D5.3 The equipment referred to in D5.2 shall comprise one life jacket or equivalent individual floatation
device for each person on board, stowed in a position easily accessible from the seat or berth of
the person for whose use it is provided.
Note: “Landplanes” includes amphibians operated as landplanes.

D5.4 All aeroplanes on long range over-water flights

D5.4.1 In addition to the equipment prescribed in D5.1 or D5.2 whichever is applicable, the
following equipment shall be installed in all aeroplanes when used over routes on which
the aeroplane may be over water and at more than a distance corresponding to 120
minutes at cruising speed of 740 km (400 NM), whichever is the lesser, away from land
suitable for making an emergency landing in the case of aeroplane operated in
accordance with its performance operating limitations and 30 minutes or 185 km (100
NM), whichever is the lesser, for all other aeroplane:

D5.4.1.1 Life-saving rafts in sufficient numbers to carry all persons on board, stowed so
as to facilitate their ready use in emergency, provided with such life-saving
equipment including means of sustaining life as is appropriate to the flight to
be undertaken

D5.4.1.2 Equipment for making the pyrotechnical distress signals described in ICAO
Annex 2.

D5.4.1.3 at the earliest practicable date, but not later than 1 January 2018, on all
aeroplanes of a maximum certificated takeoff mass of over 27 000 kg, a
securely attached underwater locating device operating at a frequency of 8.8
kHz. This automatically activated underwater locating device shall operate for
a minimum of 30 days and shall not be installed in wings or empennage.

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D5.4.2 Each life jacket and equivalent individual floatation device, when certified in accordance
with D5.1, D5.2 and D5.3, shall be equipped with a means of electric illumination for the
purpose of facilitating the location of persons, except where the requirement of D5.2.3 is
met by the provision of individual floatation devices other than life jackets.
D6. ALL HELICOPTERS ON FLIGHT OVER WATER

D6.1 Means of floatation - All helicopters intended to be flown over water shall be fitted with a
permanent or rapidly deployable means of floatation so as to ensure a safe ditching of the
helicopter when:

D6.1.1 engaged in offshore operations, or other overwater operations as prescribed by the State
of the Operator; or
D6.1.2 flying over water in a hostile environment at a distance from land corresponding to more
than 10 minutes at normal cruise speed when operating in performance Class 1 or 2; or

Note.— When operating in a hostile environment, a safe ditching requires a helicopter to be designed for
landing on water or certificated in accordance with ditching provisions

D6.1.3 flying over water in a non-hostile environment at a distance from land specified by the
appropriate authority of the responsible State when operating in performance Class 1; or

Note.— When considering the distance beyond which flotation equipment is required, the State should take into
consideration the certification standard of the helicopter.

D6.1.4 flying over water beyond autorotational or safe forced landing distance from land when
operating in performance Class 3.

D6.2 Emergency equipment - Performance Class 1 and 2 helicopters, operating in accordance with
the provisions of D6.1, shall be equipped with:
D6.2.1 One life jacket, or equivalent individual flotation device, for each person on board,
stowed in a position easily accessible from the seat or berth of the person for whose use
it is provided. For offshore operations the life jacket shall be worn constantly unless the
occupant is wearing an integrated survival suit that includes the functionality of the life
jacket
D6.2.2 Life-saving rafts in sufficient numbers to carry all persons on board, stowed so as to
facilitate their ready use in emergency, provided with such life-saving equipment
including means of sustaining life as is appropriate to the flight to be undertaken
[

D6.2.3 when two life rafts are fitted, each shall be able to carry all occupants in the overload
state; and
D6.2.4 equipment for making the pyrotechnical distress signals described in ICAO Annex 2.
D6.3 Helicopters operating in performance Class 3 when operating beyond autorotational distance
from land but within a distance from land specified by the appropriate authority of the
responsible State shall be equipped with one life jacket, or equivalent individual flotation device,
for each person on board, stowed in a position easily accessible from the seat or berth of the
person for whose use it is provided.

D6.3.1 For offshore operations, when operating beyond auto-rotational distance from land, the
life jacket shall be worn unless the occupant is wearing an integrated survival suit that
includes the functionality of the life jacket.

D6.4 Helicopters operating in performance Class 3 when operating beyond the distance specified in
D 6.3 shall be equipped as in D6.2

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D6.5 In the case of helicopters operating in performance Class 2 or 3, when taking off or landing at a
heliport where, in the opinion of the State of the Operator, the take-off or approach path is so
disposed over water that in the event of a mishap there would be likelihood of a ditching, at least
the equipment required in D.6.1 shall be carried.

D6.6 Each life jacket and equivalent individual flotation device, when carried in accordance with D6,
shall be equipped with a means of electric illumination for the purpose of facilitating the location
of persons.

D7. ALL AEROPLANES / HELICOPTERS ON FLIGHT OVER DESIGNATED LAND AREA

D7.1 All aeroplanes / helicopters, when operated across land areas which have been designated by
the CAA as areas in which search and rescue would be especially difficult, shall be equipped
with:
D7.1.1 Signaling devices
D7.1.2 Life saving equipment (including means of sustaining life) as may be appropriate to the
area over flown.
D8. ALL AEROPLANES / HELICOPTERS ON HIGH ALTITUDE FLIGHTS
Note: Approximate altitude in the Standard Atmosphere corresponding to the value of absolute
pressure used in this text is as follows:
Absolute Pressure Meters Feet
700 hPa 3000 10000
620 hPa 4000 13000
376 hPa 7600 25000
D8.1 An aeroplane/helicopter intended to be operated at flight altitudes at which the atmospheric
pressure is less then 700 hPa in personnel compartments shall be equipped with oxygen storage
and dispensing apparatus capable of storing and dispensing the oxygen supplies required in
CARs 1994 Rule 249(a).
D8.2 An aeroplane/ helicopter intended to be operated at flight altitudes at which the atmospheric
pressure is less than 700 hPa but which is provided with means of maintaining pressures greater
than 700 hPa in personnel compartments shall be provided with oxygen storage and dispensing
apparatus capable of storing and dispensing the oxygen supplies as required in Rule 249(b) of
Civil Aviation Rules 1994.
D8.3 Pressurized aeroplane newly introduced into service on or after 1st July 1962 and intended to be
operated at flight altitudes at which the atmospheric pressure is less than 376 hPa shall be
equipped with a device to give positive warning to the pilot of any dangerous loss of
pressurization.
D8.4 A flight to be operated with a pressurized aeroplane shall not be commenced unless a sufficient
quantity of stored breathing oxygen is carried to supply all the crew members and passengers,
as is appropriate to the circumstances of the flight being undertaken, in the event of loss of
pressurization, for any period that the atmospheric pressure in any compartment occupied by
them would be less than 700hPa. In addition, when an aeroplane is operated at flight altitudes at
which the atmospheric pressure is less than 376 hPa, or which, if operated at flight altitudes at
which the atmospheric pressure is more than 376 hPa and cannot descend safely within four
minutes to a flight altitude at which the atmospheric pressure is equal to 620 hPa, there shall be
not less than a 10-minute supply for the occupants of the passenger compartment.

D8.5 An aeroplane intended to be operated at flight attitudes at which the atmospheric pressure is less
than 376 hPa or which if operated at flight attitudes at which the atmospheric pressure is more
than 376 hPa cannot descend safely within four minutes to a flight attitude at which the
atmospheric pressure is equal to 620 hPa, and for which the individual certificate of airworthiness
was issued before 9th November 1998, should be provided with automatically deployable oxygen

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equipment to satisfy the requirements of D8.4 the total number of oxygen dispensing units should
exceed the number of passenger and cabin attendant seats by at least 10 percent.

D8.6 A flight to be operated with a pressurized helicopter shall not be commenced unless a sufficient
quantity of stored breathing oxygen is carried to supply all the crew members and passengers,
as is appropriate to the circumstances of the flight being undertaken, in the event of loss of
pressurization, for any period that the atmospheric in any compartment occupied by them would
be less than 700 hPa. In addition, when the helicopter is operated at flight altitudes at which the
atmospheric pressure is more than 376 hPa and cannot descend safely to a flight altitude at
which the atmospheric pressure is equal to 620 hPa within four minutes, there shall be no less
than 10 minute supply for the occupants of the passenger compartment.

D8.7 A helicopter intended to be operated at flight altitudes at which the atmospheric pressure is more
than 376 hPa which cannot descend safely within four minutes to a flight altitude at which the
atmospheric pressure is equal to 620 hPa, and for which the individual certificate of
airworthiness was issued on or after 9th November 1998, shall be provided with automatically
deployable oxygen equipment to satisfy the requirements of D8.6 the total number of oxygen
dispensing units shall exceed the number of passenger and cabin attendant seats by at least 10
percent.

D8.8 Un-pressurized helicopter intended to be operated at high altitudes shall carry equipment for
storing and dispensing the oxygen supplies.

D9. ALL AEROPLANES / HELICOPTERS IN ICING CONDITIONS

D9.1 All aeroplanes / helicopters shall be equipped with suitable anti-icing and / or de-icing devices
when operated in circumstances in which icing conditions are reported to exist or are expected to
be encountered.

D10. GROUND PROXIMITY WARNING SYSTEM (GPWS)

D10.1 All turbine-engined aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass in excess of 5700 kg or
authorized to carry more than nine passengers shall be equipped with a ground proximity
warning system.

D10.2 All turbine-engined aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass in excess of 15000 kg or
authorized to carry more than 30 passengers shall be equipped with a ground proximity warning
system which has a forward looking terrain avoidance function.

D10.3 All turbine engine aeroplane of a maximum certificated take-off weight in excess of 5700 Kg or
authorized to carry more than nine passengers, for which the individual certificate of
st
airworthiness is first issued on or after 1 January 2004, shall be equipped with a ground
proximity warning system which has a forward looking terrain avoidance function.

D10.4 All turbine-engined aeroplanes of maximum certificated take-off mass in excess of 5700 kg or
authorized to carry more than nine passengers, shall be equipped with a ground proximity
warning system which has a forward looking terrain avoidance function.

D10.5 All piston-engined aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass in excess of 5700 kg or
authorized to carry more than nine passengers shall be equipped with a ground proximity
warning system which provides the warning in D10.6.1and D10.6.3, warning of unsafe terrain
clearance and forward looking terrain avoidance function.

D10.6 A ground proximity warning system shall provide automatically a timely and distinctive warning to
the flight crew when the aeroplane is in potentially hazardous proximity to the earth’s surface.
The GPWS shall also provide, as a minimum, warning of the following circumstances:

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D10.6.1 excessive descent rate

D10.6.2 excessive terrain closure rate
D10.6.3 excessive altitude loss after take-off or go-around
D10.6.4 unsafe terrain clearance while not in landing configuration
D10.6.4.1 gear not locked down
D10.6.4.2 flaps not in a landing position
D10.6.5 excessive decent below the instrument glide path.
D11. EMERGENCY LOCATOR TRANSMITTER (ELT)
D11.1 All aircraft registered in Pakistan shall be equipped with an ELT, except as otherwise prescribed
by PCAA.
D11.2 For International Commercial Air Transport – Aeroplane: Except as provided for in D11.3, all
aeroplanes authorized to carry more than 19 passengers shall be equipped with at least one
automatic ELT or two ELTs of any type.
D11.3 All aeroplanes authorized to carry more than 19 passengers for which the individual certificate of
airworthiness is first issued after 1 July 2008 shall be equipped with either:
D11.3.1 At least two ELTs, one of which shall be automatic; or
D11.3.2 At least one ELT and a capability that meets the requirements of D11.11
D11.4 Except as provided for in D11.5, all aeroplanes authorized to carry 19 passengers or less shall
be equipped with at least one ELT of any type.
D11.5 All aeroplanes authorized to carry 19 passengers or less for which the individual certificate of
airworthiness is first issued after 1 July, 2008 shall be equipped with at least one automatic ELT.
D11.6 For International General Aviation - Aeroplane:
D11.6.1 All aeroplanes shall be equipped with at least one ELT of any type and
D11.6.2 All aeroplanes for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued after 1
July 2008 shall be equipped with at least one automatic ELT.
D11.7 For Helicopter Operation: All helicopters operating in performance Class 1 and 2 shall be
equipped with at least one automatic ELT and, when operating on flights over water, with at least
one automatic ELT and one ELT(S) in a raft or life jacket.
Note.— In the case where the requirements are met by another system no automatic ELT is
required.

D11.8 All helicopters operating in performance Class 1 and 2 shall be equipped with at least one
automatic ELT and, when operating on flights over water, with at least one automatic ELT and
one ELT(S) in a raft or life jacket.

D11.9 All helicopters operating in performance Class 3 shall be equipped with at least one automatic
ELT and, when operating on flights over water, with at least one automatic ELT and one ELT(S)
in a raft or life jacket.

D11.10 ELT equipment carried to satisfy the requirements of Para(s) above shall operate in accordance
with the relevant provisions of Annex 10, Volume III.

D11.11 All aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 27 000 kg for which the individual
certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after 1 January 2021, shall autonomously transmit
information from which a position can be determined by the operator at least once every minute,
when in distress, in accordance with Appendix 9 of ICAO Annex-6, Part-I. The operator shall

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make position information of a flight in distress available to the appropriate organizations, as

established by the State of the Operator.
Note.— The judicious choice of numbers of ELTs, their type and placement on aircraft and
associated floatable life support systems will ensure the greatest chance of ELT activation in the
event of an accident for aircraft operating over water or land, including areas especially difficult
for search and rescue. Placement of transmitter units is a vital factor in ensuring optimal crash
and fire protection. The placement of the control and switching devices (activation monitors) of
automatic fixed ELTs and their associated operational procedures will also take into
consideration the need for rapid detection of inadvertent activation and convenient manual
switching by crew members.
D12. AIRBORNE COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM (ACAS II)

D12.1 All turbine-engined aeroplane of a maximum certificated take-off weight in excess of 5700 Kg or
authorized to carry more than 19 passengers shall be equipped with an airborne collision
avoidance system (ACAS II).
D12.2 All turbine-engined aeroplane of a maximum certificated take-off weight in excess of 15000 kg or
authorized to carry more than 30 passengers, for which the individual airworthiness certificate is
first issued after 1 January 2007, shall be equipped with an airborne collision avoidance system
(ACAS II).
D12.3 An airborne collision avoidance system shall operate in accordance with the relevant provisions
of Annex 10, Volume IV.
D12.4 All aeroplanes / helicopters shall be equipped with a pressure-altitude reporting transponder,
which operates in accordance with the relevant provisions of ICAO Annex 10, Volume IV.
Note: This provision is intended to improve the effectiveness of air traffic services as well as
airborne collision avoidance systems.
D13. DOCUMENTS FOR FLIGHT
D13.1 An aeroplane / helicopter shall be provided with manuals, placards or other documents (as
appropriate) specified below, in original:
D13.1.1 Flight manual, placards or other documents stating the approved limitations with which
the aeroplane is considered airworthy as defined by the appropriate Airworthiness
requirements, and additional instructions and information necessary for the safety of the
aeroplane.
D13.1.2 Certificate of Registration
D13.1.3 Certificate of Airworthiness/ Permit to Fly (as applicable)
D13.1.4 Certificate of Maintenance Review/ Certificate of Maintenance (as applicable)
D13.1.5 Certificate of Release to Service
D13.1.6 Radio Installation Certificate
D13.1.7 PTA License for Radio Equipment onboard
D13.1.8 Approved weight and balance schedule
D13.1.9 Noise Certificate (as applicable)
D13.1.10 Air Operator Certificate (AOC) with Operations Specifications (OPS Specs) (as per
requirements of FSD, PCAA)
D13.1.11 RVSM Certificate (as applicable)

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E. EVIDENCES (ACRONYMS / RECORDS / REFERENCES):

E1. ACRONYMS:
E1.1 ANO Air Navigation Order
E1.2 CARs Civil Aviation Rules
E1.3 CTA Certificate of Type Approval
E1.4 FDR Flight Data Recorder
E1.5 FM Frequency Modulation
E1.6 CARS Cockpit Audio Recording System
E1.7 PTA Pakistan Telecommunication Authority

E2. RECORDS:
Nil

E3. REFERENCES
E3.1 CARs 1994
E3.2 ICAO Annex 6
E3.3 ICAO Doc 9760, Airworthiness Manual

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Appendix – A

TYPE OF OPERATION
International Commercial Air Transport – Aeroplanes

EQUIPMENT Flight Data Recorder

All turbine-engined aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of

5 700 kg or less for which the application for type certification is submitted
to a Contracting State on or after 1 January 2016 shall be equipped with:
a) a Type II FDR; or
b) a Class C AIR or AIRS capable of recording flight path and speed
parameters displayed to the pilot(s); or
c) an ADRS capable of recording the essential parameters defined in Table
A8-3 of Appendix 8 of ICAO Annex 6 Part I.
All aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 27 000 kg
for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after
1 January 1989 shall be equipped with a Type I FDR.
All aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 5 700 kg,
up to and including 27 000 kg, for which the individual certificate of
airworthiness is first issued on or after 1 January 1989, shall be
equipped with a Type II FDR.
All turbine-engined aeroplanes, for which the individual certificate of
airworthiness was first issued on or after 1 January 1987 but before 1
January 1989, with a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 5 700 kg,
except those in 6.3.1.2.8, shall be equipped with an FDR which shall
STANDARD/ record time, altitude, airspeed, normal acceleration and heading.
REQUIREMENT
All turbine-engined aeroplanes, for which the individual certificate of
airworthiness was first issued on or after 1 January 1987 but before 1
January 1989, with a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 27 000 kg
that are of types of which the prototype was certificated by the appropriate
national authority after 30 September 1969 shall be equipped with a Type
II FDR.
All turbine-engined aeroplanes, for which the individual certificate of
airworthiness was first issued before 1 January 1987, with a maximum
certificated take-off mass of over 5 700 kg shall be equipped with an FDR
which shall record time, altitude, airspeed, normal acceleration and
heading.
All aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 5 700 kg for
which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued after 1
January 2005 shall be equipped with a Type IA FDR.
All aeroplanes which are required to record normal acceleration, lateral
acceleration and longitudinal acceleration for which the application for type
certification is submitted to a Contracting State on or after 1 January 2016
and which are required to be fitted with an FDR shall record those
parameters at a maximum sampling and recording interval of 0.0625
seconds.

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STANDARD/ All aeroplanes which are required to record pilot input and/or control
REQUIREMENT surface position of primary controls (pitch, roll, yaw) for which the
application for type certification is submitted to a Contracting State on or
after 1 January 2016 and which are required to be fitted with an FDR shall
record those parameters at a maximum sampling and recording interval of
0.125 seconds.

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Appendix – B

TYPE OF OPERATION
International General Aviation – Aeroplanes

EQUIPMENT Flight Data Recorder

All aeroplanes for which the application for type certification is

submitted to a Contracting State on or after 1 January 2016, and
which are required to be fitted with an FDR, shall record the following
parameters at a maximum recording interval of 0.125 seconds:
— Pilot input and/or control surface position – primary controls (pitch, roll,
STANDARD/ yaw).
REQUIREMENT All aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 5 700 kg for
which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after 1
January 2005 shall be equipped with a Type IA FDR.
All aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 27 000 kg
for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after
1 January 1989 shall be equipped with a Type I FDR.

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Appendix – C

TYPE OF OPERATION
International Commercial Air Transport – Helicopters

EQUIPMENT Flight Data Recorder

All helicopters of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 3 175 kg for

which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after 1
January 2016 shall be equipped with a Type IVA FDR.
All helicopters of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 7 000 kg, or
having a passenger seating configuration of more than nineteen, for which
the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after 1 January
1989 shall be equipped with a Type IV FDR.
STANDARD/
REQUIREMENT All turbine-engined helicopters of a maximum certificated take-off mass of
over 2 250 kg, up to and including 3 175 kg for which the application for
type certification was submitted to a Contracting State on or after 1
January 2018 shall be equipped with:
a) a Type IV A FDR; or
b) a Class C AIR capable of recording flight path and speed parameters
displayed to the pilot(s); or
c) an ADRS capable of recording the essential parameters defined in Table
A4-3 of Appendix 4.

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Appendix – D

TYPE OF OPERATION
International General Aviation– Helicopters

EQUIPMENT Flight Data Recorder

All helicopters of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 3 175 kg for

which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after 1
January 2016 shall be equipped with a Type IVA FDR.
STANDARD/
All helicopters of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 7 000 kg, or
REQUIREMENT having a passenger seating configuration of more than nineteen, for which
the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after 1 January
1989 shall be equipped with a Type IV FDR.

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Appendix-E

TYPE OF OPERATION
International Commercial Air Transport – Aeroplanes

EQUIPMENT Cockpit Voice Recorder

All turbine-engined aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of

over 2 250 kg, up to and including 5 700 kg, for which the application for
type certification is submitted to a Contracting State on or after 1 January
2016 and required to be operated by more than one pilot shall be equipped
with either a CVR or a CARS.
All aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 5 700 kg for
which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after 1
January 2003 shall be equipped with a CVR capable of retaining the
STANDARD/ information recorded during at least the last two hours of its operation.
REQUIREMENT All aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 5 700 kg for
which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after 1
January 1987 shall be equipped with a CVR.
All turbine-engined aeroplanes, for which the individual certificate of
airworthiness was first issued before 1 January 1987, with a maximum
certificated take-off mass of over 27 000 kg that are of types of which the
prototype was certificated by the appropriate national authority after 30
September 1969 shall be equipped with a CVR.

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Appendix-F

TYPE OF OPERATION
International General Aviation – Aeroplanes

EQUIPMENT Cockpit Voice Recorder

All turbine-engined aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of

over 5 700 kg for which the application for type certification is submitted to
a Contracting State on or after 1 January 2016 and required to be operated
STANDARD/ by more than one pilot shall be equipped with a CVR.
REQUIREMENT All aeroplanes of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 27 000 kg
for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after
1 January 1987 shall be equipped with a CVR.

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Appendix – G

TYPE OF OPERATION
International Commercial Air Transport – Helicopters

EQUIPMENT Cockpit Voice Recorder

All helicopters of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 7 000 kg for

which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after 1
January 1987 shall be equipped with a CVR. For helicopters not equipped
with an FDR, at least main rotor speed shall be recorded on the CVR.
STANDARD/
REQUIREMENT All helicopters of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 7 000 kg for
which the individual certificate of airworthiness was first issued before 1
January 1987 shall be equipped with a CVR. For helicopters not equipped
with an FDR, at least main rotor speed shall be recorded on the CVR.

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Appendix – H

TYPE OF OPERATION
International General Aviation– Helicopters

EQUIPMENT Cockpit Voice Recorder

All helicopters of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 7 000 kg for

which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after 1
January 1987 shall be equipped with a CVR. For helicopters not equipped
with an FDR, at least main rotor speed shall be recorded on the CVR
STANDARD/
REQUIREMENT All helicopters of a maximum certificated take-off mass of over 7 000 kg for
which the individual certificate of airworthiness was first issued before 1
January 1987 shall be equipped with a CVR. For helicopters not equipped
with an FDR, at least main rotor speed shall be recorded on the CVR.

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