THE NATURAL SETTING

AND IT’S PEOPLE

JANINE LADAN-CINCO
INSTRUCTOR
 CONTENTS

1. The beginning of Earth

2. Geological Foundation
3. The Archipelago`s name
4. Geography and Resources
5. Country`s Climate
6. The Filipino People
7. Theories on the Origin of the Filipinos
HOW THE EARTH WAS INTHE
BEGINNING?
 THE BEGINNING OF EARTH

In the beginning, God

created heaven and the
earth (Genesis 1:1). God
created the man in his
own image, male and
female: Adam and Eve,
the first man and woman
that became the
progenitors of mankind.
In Filipino mythology, creation
stories were popularized by
various tribal groups of the
islands. Bathala (god of the
sky); Aman Sinaya (goddess of
the sea); and Amihan
(northeast wind) were the only
beings that existed.

The story of ‘’Malakas and

Maganda’’.
¢ Based on Visayan legend, there was a mythical bird named
Manaul searching for a place to rest but cannot to find one.

¢ Then he pleaded the God of the sea might in Kaptan and

the God of the air Magauayan to help him.

¢ The Gods, asserting their might in answering the birds

request, showed their strength. The God of the sea created
tidal waves to bit the sky.
¢ Legend and Myths at times
provide a financial counter
part to actual explanations of
things and events. The legend
of Bernardo Carpio, called
Hari ng mga tagalog(King of
all tagalog) prevents an
imaginative explanation of
how the country was shaken
by earthquakes . The
analytical study of geology
commenced with the
publication of James Hutton
¢James Hutton – The
analytical study of geology
commenced with the
publication of James Hutton’s
Theory of the Earth in 1795.

¢ 1726-1797 he is a British
geologist formulated the
remained constant. Taking
the hydrologic cycle for
instance, condensation always
precede precipitation.
¢ Process such as volcanism and erosion that have caused changes the
earth’s surface have been operating in the same manner over a very
long period of time.

¢ He rejected the theory of Contastrophism which was prevailing belief

during his time.
¢Alfred Wagener – (1880-1930)
German meteorologist, also noted
his inquiry regarding the three
continents which Ortelius had
noticed 300 years ago.

¢ He postulated that these

continents had simply drifted apart
over million of years.

¢ ‘’The origin of the continents

and Ocean’’ , Published in 1915,
he named the supercontinent
Pangea, a Greek word meaning all
land.
¢ Pangea begun breaking up approximately 200 or 250 million
years ago, earlier into a northern portion which named
laurasia and a southern portion, termed Gondwanaland by
the Austria geologist Eduard Suess.
¢Arthur Holmes – (1890-1965) A
British geologist advocated support
for Wagener’s Theory in 1928.

¢ He proposed that the convection

currents within the earth’s mantle
driven by radioactive heat might
have caused the mechanism for
continental drift.

¢ In the 1950’s, scientist began

oceanographic research which
revealed the phenomenon known
as seafloor spreading. In the
1960’s, the theory of plate
tectonic was established.
THE GEOLOGICALFOUNDATION
OF THEPHILIPPINES
GEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION

¢ The planet earth is between 4.6 and 4.8 billion years BP. The first
Dinosaurs were believed to have
appeared around 225 million years ago.
¢ The Philippine soil is composed of numerous rocks which came from
regions far from the archipelago’s present location. It was during the
tertiary period (54 million years BP) of the Cenozoic era that the land
structure of the Philippines was defined as looking like a nymph lying
across the ocean.
¢ In the northern part, the Phil. Archipelago was believed to adjoined
to Formosa(now Taiwan) during the Eocene(53—54 million yrs BP) And
Oligocene Epoch(37-38 million years BP).
¢ However , the Formosan
connection was severed during the
Miocene Epoch(26 million years
BP).
¢ As a connection with other areas
changed, the internal structure of
the archipelago also underwent
changes with the flattening of the
crustal surface of the higher
grounds during the Pliocene
Epoch(7-13 million years BP).
¢ Pleistocene Epoch(1.6 million-
10,000 years BP), the first division
of the quaternary period, is the
epoike the prior to the Holocene
Epoch(10,000 years BP to the
present).
¢ Some historians claim that the Philippines is a remnant of a
lost continent in the pacific called Mu or Lemuria, the other
remnants are Marianas and other mid-pacific islands
¢ The adherents of the PACIFIC
or MAGNETIC
THEORY say that the Philippines
came into existence after the
eruptions of volcanoes beneath
the pacific ocean the pacific
ocean

¢ Sheets melted, causing the sea

level to rise and submerge the
land bridges that had connected
the Philippines and the Asian
mainland
¢ During the glacial periods, ocean levels were much lower,
thereupon, exposing the Sunda Shelf and the Sahul Shelf.
These are extensions of continents otherwise known as
continental shelves.
THE ARCHIPELAGO'SNAME
THE ARCHIPELAGO’S NAME

¢ During the Sung Dynasty with Chau

Jukua, a Chinese trade traditional
official in 982 A.D. the Philippines was
referred as Ma-Yi. Chau Jukua gave a
detailed account of his travel to
various part of the islands in 1225.

¢ In 1521, Ferdinand Magellan named

the islands as ISLAS DE SAN LAZARO
(Archipelagos of st. Lazaros).
¢ The name Philippines came from the word FILIPINAS given
by the Spanish navigator Lopez Ruy De Villalobos in 1543 in
honor of Prince Philip of Asturias, who became King Philip II,
successor to king Charles.
¢ The word Filipinas was at first given
by Villalobos’s men to refer to Leyte
and Samar. Later it was given to the
whole archipelago.

¢ In 1752, Fr. Juan J. Delgado, a

Jesuit historian called, Pearl of the
Orient it became a rich outlet of Asia.

¢ Dr. Jose P. Rizal, the country’s

foremost her, gave the name Pearl of
the Orient Seas to his native land on
the eve of his execution in 1896.
¢ The name FILIPINAS first
appeared in a rare map
published in Venice in 1554 by
Giovanni Battista Ramusio, an
Italian geographer.

¢ Artemio Ricarte, a
katipunan general, wanted to
be called the islands as
Rizaline Republic, after Jose
Rizal.
¢ Former President Ferdinand
Marcos proposed the name
Maharlika (also name of his
guerilla group in world war II)
after his dream of making this
nation great again.
GEOGRAPHY ANDRESOURCES
GEOGRAPHY

¢ The Philippines, found in the western pacific ocean, has an

astronomical is location of 4°23`-21°25`N Latitude and 116°-127°E
Longitude. It is situated in the southern portion of Asia. Because of it’s
central location far East, The Philippines has been dubbed as the
‘’Crossroad of the Pacific’’.
¢ The country is consist of 7,107 islands and islets with the total land
area of 300,000 square kilometers
¢ Manila is the CapitaLand largest city of the country. In 1948, Quezon
City was declared as the capital of the Phil. but on may 29, 1976,
President Ferdinand Marcos’ Decree No. 940 returned the national
capital to manila (a nation capital since 1595).
¢ Luzon, the biggest of the three major geographical groups, has an
area of 142,395 square kilometers.

¢ Visayas has an area of 56,606 square kilometers.

¢ Mindanao has an area of 101,999 square kilometers.

¢ The northern most point of the country is Y’Ami Isle, which is 78

miles from Taiwan. The Southern most point is Salaug Isle, only 34
miles East of Borneo.

¢ The Country has 17 Regions which include the Ilocos Region, Cagayan
Region, Central Luzon, Southern Tagalog, (CALABARZON and
MIMAROPA).
PHILIPPINE
RESOURCES

¢ Tamaraw or Bubalus
Mindorensis – Which looks
like a dwarf Carabao found
in Mindoro.

¢ Tarsier – The smallest

monkey in the world found
in Bohol.
¢ Calamian Deer or Cervus Calamianensis – (Pilandok) found
in Palawan, the world’s smallest deer also called a mouse
deer.
¢ There are about 25,000 species of insects in the islands,
the largest insect in the country is the Giant Moth (Attacus
Atlas), with a wingspan of Philippines one foot.
¢ Other interesting birds in the Philippines is Philippine Falconet, only
six and a half centimeters long, may fairly common on Luzon,
Mindanao, Mindoro and Visayas.
¢ There are 2,140 species of Philippine fishes, among the commercially
known fish found in numerous fishing grounds are the following:

Ø Bangus (Milkfish)
Ø Dalag (Mudfish)
Ø Dilis (Anchovy)
Ø Lapu-lapu (Sea brass)
Ø Galunggung (roung scad)
Ø Tanguingi (Mackerel)
Ø Tamban (Indian Sardines)
Ø Bariles (Tuna)
Ø Tawilis (Harenguela Tawilis) – Found in Lake taal, Batangas.

Ø Sinarapan (Mestichthys Luzonensis) – Found in lake buhi and lake

bato, Camarines Sur 1-1.4 centimeter

Ø Pygmy Goby (Pandaka Pygmea) – Also known as Tabios and the

world’s seas smallest vertebrate which ranges from 7.5-11 millileters,
found in Navotas and Malabon rivers.

Ø Whale Shark (Rhincodon typus)– found in nearby seas of the Donsol

and south-eastern part of Luzon. The largest confirmed individual had a
length of 12.65 m (41.50 ft) and a weight of more than 21.5 metric tons
(47,000 lb)
 Bangus
Pandaka Pygmea

Bariles Dalag

Tambam
Galunggong
 BEAUTIFULLANDMARKS

¢ The Banaue RiceTerraces (Filipino:

Hagdanhagdang Palayan ng Banawe) are
2,000-year-old terraces that were carved
into the mountains of Ifugao in
thePhilippines by ancestors of the
indigenous people. The Rice Terraces are
commonly referred to by Filipinos as the
"Eighth Wonder of the World".
It is commonly thought that the terraces
were built with minimal equipment, largely
by hand. The terraces are located
approximately 1500 metres (5000 ft) above
sea level. They are fed by an ancient
irrigation system from the rainforests
above the terraces. It is said that if the
steps were put end to end, it would
encircle half the globe.
¢ The Chocolate Hills is a geological formation in Bohol
Province, Philippines. There are at least 1,260 hills but
there may be as many as 1,776 hills spread over an area
of more than 50 square kilometres (20 sq mi). They are
covered in green grass that turns brown (like chocolate)
during the dry season, hence the name.

The Chocolate Hills is a famous tourist attraction of Bohol. They arefeatured in

theprovincial flag and seal to symbolize the abundance of natural attractions in the
province.They are in the Philippine Tourism Authority's list of tourist destinations in the
Philippines; they have been declared the country's third National Geological Monument
and proposed for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
¢ Mayon Volcano, also known as Mount
Mayon, is an active volcano in theprovince
of Albay, on the island of Luzon in the
Philippines. Renowned as the "perfect
cone" because of its almost symmetric
conical shape, the mountain was declared
a national park and a protected landscape
on July 20, 1938, the first in the country.
It was reclassified a Natural Park and
renamed Mayon Volcano Natural Park in
the year 2000.

Local Philippine folklore refers to the

volcano as Bulkang Mayon (Bikol: "Mayon
volcano"), after the legendary heroine
Daragang Magayon (Bikol: "Beautiful
Lady")
OTHER RESOURCES
¢ The Malampaya Deepwater Gas-to-Power
project is the first undertaking of its kind
in the Philippines employing state-of-the-art
deep water technology to draw natural
gas from deep beneath Philippine waters.
The indigenous gas fuels three natural
gas-fired power stations with a total
generating capacity of 2,700 megawatts
to provide 40-45% of Luzon's power
generation requirements.

¢ Since October 2001, the Philippines has been importing less fuel for power generation, providing the
country foreign exchange savings and energy security from this clean fuel.
Natural gas has the least CO2 among fossil fuels and is more efficient than other sources of power like
coal and crude oil.
¢ It is the national tree of the Philippines.
COUNTRY’S CLIMATE
COUNTRY’S CLIMATE

¢ The Philippine is situated at the torrid zone, has a tropical climate with a
mean annual temperature of about 27°C (about 80°F).

¢ Mountain slopes and peaks found in in lake buhi and lake bato are cooler.

¢ The country has two seasons the dry and wet, In most of the islands, rainy
occurs from May to November. During this period, the wind blows from
southwest. Often, the country experiences typhoons from the months of June
to October.

¢ The Dry season occurs from December to April,

when the wind blows from the northwest.
¢ When typhoon signal no. 2 is hoisted, classes at the
preschool, elementary and secondary levels in all public and
private schools are automatically suspended.

¢ In 2007, the National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC)

issued a memorandum starting the information from the
Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical
Services Administration (PAG-ASA) could be use as basis to
recommended decisions to the Department of Education
(DepEd) and Commission on Higher Education(CHED)
concerning suspension of classes
THE FILIPINO PEOPLE
THE FILIPINO PEOPLE

¢ In 2002, Philippine population is estimated at 78 million.

¢ The Filipino people is a harmonious mixture of diversity and

homogeneity.

¢ Filipinos are blends of their forefathers from Malay, Chinese, Negrito,

Indian, European and American lineage.

¢ The Intermarriage of a Filipino and Foreigner did happen, owing to

the strategic location of the country to southeast Asian neighbors and
the colonial rule of Spain and American.
¢ The intermingling of people resulting to adaption of
different cultures made the country a melting pot of people
and culture.
¢ Since the 19th century, Filipinos have been referred to as
the Christianized Malays who constitute the bulk of the
population.
¢ The Cebuanos, Ilonggos, and Waray-waray comprise a big
number among the Visayans.
¢ The Ilocanos are considered the 3rd biggest group, they live
particularly in Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur and La Union but many
have migrated locally and abroad.
¢ The Kalingas tattoo their bodies as a sign of bravery. For
them prestige can achieved through oratorical ability.
¢ The Isnegs, like the Kalingas tattoo their bodies as a status
symbol, The earliest residents of Apayao Province (Cordillera
Administrative Region) and one of the remaining tribes in
Luzon, the Isneg are a small ethnoliguistic group inhabiting
the wide mountains of the area.

¢ The Igorots live on root crops grown in their yard and on

wild pigs, deer and the tribesman.

¢ The Aetas have already established their intimate

relationship with the woodlands as forest foragers and
hunters.
¢ Filipino (Formerly spelled Pilipino) is the national language
of the people although a good number of them are
conversant in English. The English language is commonly used
for government, commercial and instructional purpose.
THEORIES ON THEORIGIN OF
FILIPINOS
THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OF
FILIPINOS
¢ The Migration Theory of
Henry Otley Beyer, regarding
the peopling of archipelago
became the most widely
known version in Philippine
prehistoric,.. According to
him, The ancestors of
Filipinos came in wave of
migration
¢ First to reach the Archipelagos was the caveman ‘’Dawn
Man’’ for he emerge on the islands at the dawn of time.

¢ Beyer’s Migration Theory became popular and unquestioned

for quite a number of years. Presently, the so-called Wave Of
Migration is now being dismissed.

¢ Southeast Asia people shared many customs and traditions

with out any ethnic group the Asian in habitants anti ethnic
groups. In place of migration theory, modern scholars suggest
the so-called CORE POPULATION THEORY. According to this
theory, the habitants of the Philippines consist of a core
population to w/c came accretions of people who moved in
from the region.
¢ The movements of people who moved in from the region.
The movements of people were erratic rather than in
sequential waves.

¢ They used similarity fashioned tools, pottery and

ornaments; and upheld common beliefs and rituals.

¢ If there were some differences, these may be due to some

factors like adaption to the environment.

¢ Furthermore, the immigrants did not come into the

archipelago in a fixed period of time nor with a definite
destination.
THANK YOU!!!