11

21st Century
Literature from
the Philippines
Quarter 3- Module 1- Lesson 1:
Geographic, Linguistic, and
Ethnic Dimensions of Philippine
Literary History from Pre-colonial
to the Contemporary
21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World – Grade 11
Quarter 3 – Module 1- Lesson 1: Geographic, Linguistic, and Ethnic
Dimensions of Philippine Literary History from Pre-colonial to the
Contemporary

First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall
subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior
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royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos,

brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their
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seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright
owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: DOROTHY Z. JACINTO
Editor: BELEN D. TADO, PhD
Reviewers: MAY ANN GO, PhD
CRISPINA S. EBDAO, PhD
Layout Artist: JESSON A. LECHIDO
Management Team:
Josephine L. Fadul – Schools Division Superintendent
Melanie P. Estacio – Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Christine C. Bagacay – Chief Curriculum Implementation Division
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Learning Resources Management

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Region XI – TAGUM CITY

Office Address: Energy Park, Apokon, Tagum City, 8100

Telefax: (084) 216-3504
E-mail Address: tagum.city@deped.gov.ph

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 11

21st Century
Literature from
the Philippines

Quarter 3- Module 1- Lesson 1:

Geographic, Linguistic, and
Ethnic Dimensions of Philippine
Literary History from Pre-colonial
to the Contemporary
Introductory Message
iii
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our
dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at
home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and
discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each
lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide
you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson
prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on
lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on
completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or
your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson.
At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to
self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher
are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and
reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based
learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks
on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in
answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions
carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in
answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult
your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
 Let Us Learn!
iv

Welcome!

This module is prepared to help you achieve the required learning outcome
on Geographic, Linguistic, and Ethnic Dimensions of Philippine Literary
history from Pre-colonial to the Contemporary and representative texts and
authors from the region. This will be the source of information that will
enable you to acquire the knowledge, skills and attitudes in this particular
trade independently at your own pace or with minimum supervision or help
from your instructor.

1. Talk to your trainer and agree on how you will both organize the
training of this unit. Read through the learning guide carefully. It is
divided into sections which cover all the skills and knowledge you
need to successfully complete this module.
2. Use the self-check questions at the end of each section to test your
own progress.
3. When you have completed this module (or several modules) and feel
confident that you have had sufficient practice, your trainer will
arrange an appointment with you to assess you. The result of your
assessment will be recorded in your Competency Achievement Record.

This module contains the following Lesson:

4. Geographic, Linguistic, and Ethnic Dimensions of Philippine Literary
history from Pre-colonial to the Contemporary.
5. Representative Texts and Authors from the Region.

MELCs anchored for the Module:

 Writing a close analysis and critical interpretation of literary texts
and doing an adaptation of these require from the learner the ability
to identify:
a. the geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of Philippine
literary history from pre-colonial to the contemporary
b. representative texts and authors from each region (e.g. engage
in oral history research with focus on key personalities from the
students’ region/province/town). (EN12Lit-Ia-21/22)
Learning Objectives:
After reading this Self-Learning Module, you are expected to:
1. Identify the geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of Philippine
literary history from pre-colonial to the contemporary and representative
texts used by authors from the regions.
2. Write a close analysis and critical interpretation of literary texts from pre-
colonial to the contemporary.
3. Value, appreciate and show a sense of adaptability of the Philippine
Literary History written by different Filipino authors from pre-colonial to the
contemporary.

Let Us Try!
Multiple Choice. Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.
Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. The word literature is derived from the Latin term __________which means
letter.
a. Litera c. Lera
b. Letera d. Literatura
2. Which of the statement below best describes the literary works during the
pre-colonial period?
a. It has religious tone.
b. It is based on oral traditions.
c. The literary pieces were merely focused on wise sayings.
d. It has only one define goal which is to entertain

3. It is a type of folk speech that showcases the Filipino wit, literary talent,
and keen observation.
a. Proverbs c. Riddle
b. Tanaga d. Epic

4. Filipino writers went into all forms of literature like news, reporting,
poetry, stories, plays, essays, and novels.
a. American Period c. Pre-colonial Period
b. Japanese Regime d. Spanish Colonial

5. Filipino writers had acquired the mastery of English writing and went into
all forms of writing like the novel and the drama
 a. Period of Re-orientation c. The Period of Imitation
b. Period of Self-Discovery and Growth d. Period of Enlightenment

6. Many young people became activists, and the writings were fired with
nationalism to emphasize the importance of their petitions.
a. The Rebirth of Freedom c. Period of Activism
b. Period of Active Revolution 1d. Period of Re-orientation

7. Decide the closest possible interpretation of the given proverb, “Matibay

ang walis, palibhasa’y magkabigkis”.
a. People gain strength by standing together.
b. Cooperation is vital for success.
c. Gain a lot of friends for they will help you reach your goals.
d. No man is an island.

8. It refers to the literature written from (roughly) the year 2001 to the
present.
a. Contemporary Period c. 21st Century Literature
b. Period of the New Society d. Modern Literature

9. Filipino writers went into all forms of literature like news, reporting,
poetry, stories play, essays, and novels which clearly depicted their love of
country and their longings for independence.
a. Edsa I Period c. Pre-colonial Period
b. American Period d. The 3rd Republic Period

10. During this period, Jose Rizal’s works such as Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo were written to awake the mind of our countrymen.
a. Spanish Period c. Pre-colonial Period
b. American Period d. Period of Enlightenment
Lesson 1
Lesson Geographic, Linguistic,
2 and Ethnic
Dimensions of Philippine Literary
1
History from Pre-colonial to the
Contemporary
Let Us Study
Learning Objectives:
After reading this lesson, you are expected to identify the geographic,
linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of Philippine literary history from pre-
colonial to the contemporary.

Introduction

What is Literature?

Literature is derived from the Latin term litera which means letter. It deals
with ideas, thoughts, and emotions of man, and can be said to be the story
of man. It is anything that is printed, as long as it is related to the ideas and
feelings of people, whether it is true, or just a product of one’s imagination.
21st century literature talks about everything that is printed and published
from 2001 and onwards. Whatever nationality you are, it is always very
important to study the literature of your country. In doing so, you are not
only learning about the historical aspects of your land, but you are also
keeping alive the thoughts, beliefs and cultural variations of your ancestors
that differentiate your country from the rest of the world.

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Pre-colonial Period

A. Characteristics
1. (--BC to 1564)
2. Based on oral traditions

B. Literary Forms

1. Oral Literature
a. Riddles (bugtong) – battle of wits among participants
b. Proverbs (salawikain) – wise sayings
c. Tanaga - expresses insights and lessons in life

2. Folk Songs - is a form of folk lyric which expresses the hopes and
aspirations, the people's lifestyles, as well as their loved ones. These are
often repetitive and sonorous, didactic and naïve.
3. Folk Tales
a. Myths – explain how the world was created, how certain animals possess
certain characteristics, why some places have waterfalls, volcanoes,
mountains, flora, and fauna
b. Legends – explain the origin of things. Example: “The Legend of Maria
Makiling”
c. Fables – used animal characters
d. Fantastic stories – deal with underworld characters such as “tiyanak”,
“aswang”, “kapre”, etc.
4. Epics - are “narratives of sustained length based on oral tradition
revolving around supernatural events or heroic deeds”.

Spanish Colonization (1565-1898)

A. Characteristics
1. It has two distinct classifications: religious and secular.
2. It introduced Spanish as the medium of communication.

B. Literary Forms
1. Religious Literature
a. Pasyon – long narrative poem about the passion and death of Christ.
b. Senakulo – dramatization of the pasyon.
2. Secular (non-religious) Literature
a. Awit – colorful tales of chivalry made for singing and chanting. (Eg.
Ibong Adarna)
b. Korido – metrical tale. (Eg. Florante at Laura)
c. Prose Narratives – written to prescribe proper decorum.

Historical Background
It is an accepted belief that the Spanish colonization of the Philippines
started in 1565 during the time of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, the first Spanish

4
governor-general in the Philippines. Literature started to flourish during his
time. During these times, many changes occurred in the lives of Filipinos.
They embraced the Catholic religion, changed their names, and were
baptized. Their lifestyles changed too. They built houses made of stones and
bricks, used beautiful furniture like the piano and used kitchen utensils.
Carriages, trains, and boats were used as means of travel. They held fiestas
to honor the saints, the pope, and the governors. They had cockfights, horse
races and the theater as means of recreation.
This gave rise to the formation of the different classes of society like
the rich and the landlords. Some Filipinos finished courses like medicine,
law, agriculture, and teaching. Many Filipinos finished their schooling
already had been established.

Books published during the Spanish Colonial Period

1. ANG DOCTRINA CRISTIANA (THE CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE). This was
the first book printed in the Philippines in 1593 in xylography. It was
written by Fr. Juan de Placencia and Fr. Domingo Nieva, in Tagalog and
Spanish. It contained the Pater Noster (Our Father), Ave Maria (Hail Mary),
Regina Coeli (Hail Holy Queen), the Ten Commandments of God, the
Commandments of the Catholic Church, the Seven Mortal Sins, How to
Confess, and the Catechism.
2. Urbana at Felisa - a book by Modesto de Castro, the so-called Father of
Classic Prose in Tagalog. These are letters between two sisters Urbana at
Felisa and have influenced greatly the behavior of people in society because
the letters dealt with good behavior.
3. Ang Barlaan at Josephat - is a Biblical story printed in the Philippines
and translated to Tagalog from Greek by Fr. Antonio de Borja.

SPANISH INFLUENCES ON PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

Due to the long period of colonization of the Philippines by the

Spaniards, they have exerted a strong influence on our literature.
1. The first Filipino alphabet called BAYBAYIN was replaced by the
Roman alphabet.
2. The teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of religious
practices.
3. The Spanish language which became the literary language during this
time lent many of its words to our language.
4. European legends and traditions brought here became assimilated in
our songs, corridos, and moro-moros.

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5. Ancient literature was collected and translated to Tagalog and other
dialects.
6. Many grammar books were printed in Tagalog, Ilocano and Visayan.
7. Our periodicals during these times gained a religious tone.

The Period of Enlightenment (1872-1898)

A. The Propaganda Movement (1872-1896)

This movement was spearheaded mostly by the intellectual middle-
class like Jose Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar; Graciano Lopez Jaena, Antonio Luna,
Mariano Ponce, Jose Ma. Panganiban, and Pedro Paterno.
The objectives of this movement were to seek reforms and changes like the
following:
1. To get equal treatment for the Filipinos and the Spaniards under the law.
2. To make the Philippines a colony of Spain.
3. To restore Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes.
4. To Filipinize the parishes.
5. To give the Filipinos freedom of speech, of the press, assembly and for
redress of grievances.

Books and writings of Dr. Jose Rizal

1. NOLI ME TANGERE - This was the novel that gave spirit to the
propaganda movement and paved the way to the revolution against Spain.
2. EL FILIBUSTERISMO - This is a sequel to the NOLI. While the NOLI
exposed the evils in society, the FILI exposed those in the government and in
the church. However, the NOLI has been dubbed the novel of society while
that of FILI is that of politics.
3. MI ULTIMO ADIOS (My Last Farewell) - This was a poem by Rizal while
he was incarcerated at Fort Santiago and is one that can compare favorably
with the best in the world.

B. Period of Active Revolution (1896-1898)

Historical Background
The Filipinos did not get the reforms demanded by the propagandists.
Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto, Apolinario Mabini, Jose Palma, and Pio
Valenzuela decided that there was no other way except to revolt.
The gist of literature contained mostly accusations against the
government and was meant to arouse the people to unite and to prepare for
independence.
Andres Bonifacio is better known as the great Revolutionary rather
than a writer, but he also wrote things which paved the way for the
revolution, and which also became part of our literature. Among his works
were:

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1. ANG DAPAT MABATID NG MGA TAGALOG (What the Tagalogs Should
Know)
2. KATUNGKULANG GAGAWIN NG MGA ANAK NG BAYAN (Obligations of
Our Countrymen) - This is an outline of obligations just like the 10
commandments of God.
3. PAG-IBIG SA TINUBUAN LUPA (Love of One’s Native Land). A poem with
a title similar to that of Marcelo H. del Pilar.
4. HULING PAALAM (Last Farewell). A translation of Mi Ultimo Adios of
Rizal in Tagalog.

The American Regime (1898-1941)

Historical Background
The Filipino Revolutionists won against the Spaniards who colonized
us for more than 300 years. Our flag was hoisted on June 12, 1898 as a
symbol of our independence. Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo was elected the first
President of the Philippine Republic, but this was short-lived.
Filipino writers went into all forms of literature like news, reporting,
poetry, stories, plays, essays, and novels. Their writings clearly depicted
their love of country and their longings for independence.

Philippine Literature in English

In a way, we can say that we can trace the beginnings of Philippine
literature in English with the coming of the Americans.

1. The Period of Re-orientation: 1898-1910

2. The Period of Imitation: 1910-1924
3. The Period of Self-Discovery: 1925-1941

1) The Period of Re-orientation (1898-1910)

By 1900, English came to be used as a medium of instruction in the
public schools. From the American forces were recruited the first teachers of
English.
Writers of this period were still adjusting to the newfound freedom after the
paralyzing effect of repression of thought and speech under the Spanish
regime. They were adjusting the idea of democracy, to the new terminology
of the English language and to the standards of the English literary style.

POETRY
 In 1907, Justo Juliano’s SURSUM CORDA which appeared in the
Renacimiento was the first work to be published in English.
 In 1909, Jan F. Salazar’s MY MOTHER and his AIR CASTLES were also
published in this paper.

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 It was also in 1909 when Proceso Sebastian followed with his poem TO
MY LADY IN LAOAG, also in this same paper.

2) The Period of Imitation (1910-1924)

By 1919, the UP College Folio published the literary compositions of
the first Filipino writers in English. They were the pioneers in short story
writing.
They were imitating American and British models which resulted in an
artificial and unnatural style, lacking vitality and spontaneity. Their models
included Longfellow, Wordsworth, Tennyson, Longfellow, Allan Poe, Irving
and other American writers of the Romantic School.
In the field of short stories, DEAD STARS by Paz Marquez Benitez
written in the early 1920’s stand out as a model of perfection in character
description, local color, plot and message.

ESSAYS
 The noted essayists of this time were: Carlos P. Romulo, Jorge C. Bocobo,
Mauro Mendez, and Vicente Hilario. Their essays were truly scholarly
characterized by sobriety, substance and structure. They excelled in the
serious essay, especially the editorial type.
 The UP College Folio was later replaced by the Philippine Collegian.
Newspapers and periodicals also saw print during this time like the
Bulletin, the Philippines Herald (1920), the Philippine Review, the
Independent, Rising Philippines and Citizens, and the Philippine
Education Magazine in 1924.

3) The Period of Self-Discovery (1925-1941)

 Filipino writers had acquired the mastery of English writing
 Competently wrote on a lot of subjects although the old-time favorites
of love and youth persisted
 Poetry produced during this time was original, spontaneous,
competently written and even socially conscious.

POETRY
 Famous names in this field include Marcelo de Gracia Concepcion, Jose
Garcia Villa, Angela Manalang Gloria, Abelardo Subido, Trinidad Tarrosa
Subido and Rafael Zulueta da Costa.
 Rafael Zulueta da Costa and Jose Garcia Villa wrote not only love poems
but patriotic, religious, descriptive and reflective poems as well. They
wrote in free verse, in odes (a poem expressing a strong feeling of
love/respect) and sonnets (poem with 14 lines that rhyme in a fixed
pattern) and in other types. Poetry was original, spontaneous,
competently written and later, incorporated social consciousness.
The Japanese Period (1941-1945)
8

Historical Background
Between 1941-1945, Philippine Literature was interrupted in its
development when the Philippines was again conquered by another foreign
country, Japan. The drama experienced a lull during the Japanese period
because movie houses showing American films were closed. The big movie
houses were just made to show stage shows. Many of the plays were
reproductions of English plays to Tagalog. Because of the strict prohibitions
imposed by the Japanese in the writing and publishing of works in English,
Philippine literature in English experienced a dark period.

Filipino Poetry During This Period

The common theme of most poems during the Japanese occupation was
nationalism, country, love, and life in the barrios, faith, religion, and the
arts.
The Commonwealth Literary Awards gave prizes to meritorious writers.
Those who won were:
1. LIKE THE MOLAVE – by Rafael Zulueta da Costa (Poetry)
2. HOW MY BROTHER LEON BROUGHT HOME A WIFE – by Manuel E.
Arguilla (Short Story)
3. LITERATURE AND SOCIETY – by Salvador P. Lopez (Essay)
4. HIS NATIVE SOIL – by Juan Laya (Novel)

Three types of poems emerged during this period

a. Haiku, a poem of free verse that the Japanese like. It was made up of 17
syllables divided into three lines and
b. Tanaga – like the Haiku, is short, but it had measure and rhyme.
c. Karaniwang Anyo (Usual Form)

The Rebirth of Freedom (1946-1970)

Historical Background
The Americans returned in 1945. Filipinos rejoiced and guerillas who
fled to the mountain joined the liberating American Army. On July 4, 1946,
the Philippines regained its freedom and the Filipino flag waved joyously
alone.
Some notable works of the period include the following:
1. HEART OF THE ISLANDS (1947) – a collection of poems by Manuel Viray
2. PHILIPPINE WRITING (1953) – by T.D. Agcaoili
3. PHILIPPINE HARVEST – by Amador Daguio
The New Filipino Literature During This Period

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  Philippines literature in Tagalog was revived during this period. Most
themes in the writings dealt with Japanese brutalities, of the poverty
of life under the Japanese government and the brave guerilla exploits.

The Literary Revolution

 The youth became completely rebellious during this period. This was
proven not only in the bloody demonstrations and in the sidewalk
expressions but also in literature. Campus newspapers showed
rebellious emotions. The once aristocratic writers developed awareness
for society. They held pens and wrote on placards in red paint the
equivalent of the word MAKIBAKA (To dare!).
 Many books were published during this time, among which were:
1. Mga Piling Katha (1947-48) by Alejandro Abadilla
2. Ang Maikling KuwentongTagalog (1886-1948) by Teodoro Agoncillo

Period of Activism (1970-1972)

 Many young people became activists to ask for changes in the
government. In the expression of this desire for change, keen were the
writings of some youth who were fired with nationalism in order to
emphasize the importance of their petitions.
The Literary Revolution
 The youth became completely rebellious during this period. This was
proven not only in the bloody demonstrations and in the sidewalk
expressions but also in literature. Campus newspapers showed
rebellious emotions. The once aristocratic writers developed awareness
for society. They held pens and wrote on placards in red paint the
equivalent of the word MAKIBAKA (To dare!).

Period of The New Society (1972- 1980)

The period of the New Society started on September 21, 1972. The
Carlos Palanca Awards continued to give annual awards. Poems dealt with
patience, regard for native culture, customs, and the beauties of nature and
surroundings. Newspapers donned new forms.
News on economic progress, discipline, culture, tourism, and the like were
favored more than the sensationalized reporting of killings, rape, and
robberies. Filipinos before were hooked in reading magazines and comics.

Period of The Third Republic (1981-1985)

After ten years of military rule and some changes in the life of the Filipino,
which started under the New Society, Martial Rule was at last lifted on
January 2, 1981. The Philippines became a new nation, and this, former
President Marcos called “The New Republic of the Philippines.” Poems

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 during this period of the Third Republic were romantic and revolutionary.
Many Filipino songs dealt with themes that were true-to-life like those of
grief, poverty, aspirations for freedom, love of God, of country and
fellowmen.

POST-EDSA 1 REVOLUTION (1986-1995)

History took another twist. Once more, the Filipino people regained their
independence, which they lost twenty years ago. In four days from February
21-25, 1986, the so-called People Power (Lakas ng Bayan) prevailed. In the
short span of the existence of the real Republic of the Philippines, several
changes already became evident. It was noticed in the new Filipino songs,
newspapers, speeches, and even in the television programs. The now crony
newspapers that enjoyed an overnight increase in circulation were THE
INQUIRER, MALAYA, and the PEOPLE’S JOURNAL.

21st CENTURY PERIOD

The new trends have been used and introduced to meet the needs and
tastes of the new generation. 21st Century learners are demanded to be ICT
inclined to compete with the style and format of writing as well. New codes
or lingos are used to add flavor in the literary pieces produced nowadays.

Let Us Practice

Matching Type
Directions: Match the Literary Period in column A to the corresponding year
in column B. Write the letter only. Use separate sheet of paper to write your
answer.
Column A Column B

1. American Period A. BC - 1565

2. Japanese Period B. 1565 - 1898
3. Period of Activism C. 1872 - 1898
4. Period of Enlightenment D. 1898 - 1941
5. Pre-Colonial Period E. 1925 - 1941
6. Rebirth of Freedom F. 1941 - 1945
7. Spanish Colonization G. 1946 - 1970
8. The Period of Self-Discovery H. 1970 - 1972
9. The Period of Third Republic I. 1972 - 1980
10. The Period of New Society J. 1981 - 1985
K. 2001 – Present
 Let Us Practice More
11

Pictionary

Direction: Identify what period the images represented below based on our
literary history. Choose your answer from the options provided in the box.
Use separate sheet of paper to write your answer.

A. Pre-colonial Period C. Japanese Period

B. Spanish Period D. American Regime

1. 6.

2. 7.

3. 8.

4. 9.
5.
5. 10.
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Let Us Remember

Directions: Identify what literary period is describe in each item

below. Use separate sheet of paper for your answer.

______________ 1. New codes or lingos are used to add flavor in the literary
pieces produced.

_______________2. Many young people became activists, and their writings

were fired with nationalism in order to emphasize the importance of their
petitions.

_______________3. Filipino writers had acquired the mastery of English

writing and poetry produced during this time was original, spontaneous,
and competently written.

_______________4. The gist of literature contained mostly accusations against

the government and was meant to arouse the people to unite and to prepare
for independence.

_______________ 5. Philippines regained its freedom and the Filipino flag

waved joyously alone.

_______________ 6. Several changes became evident as manifested in the new

Filipino songs, newspapers, speeches, and even in the television programs.

_______________ 7. Filipino writers went into all forms of literature like news,
reporting, poetry, stories, plays, essays, and novels.

_______________ 8. Fable is one of the folk tales during this period wherein it
used animal characters.

_______________ 9. During this period, the first book called Doctrina

Cristiana was printed in the Philippines.

_______________ 10. Two books were written and published by Dr. Jose Rizal
entitled “Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo during this period.

13
 Let Us Assess

Directions: Choose the correct answer from the choices given in each
item below. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

1. It deals with ideas, thoughts and emotions of people, and can be said
to be the story of a human person.
A. 21st Century Literature C. Literature
B. Culture D. Novel
2. Which of the statement below best describes the literary works during
the pre-colonial period?
A. It has religious tone. C. It is based on oral traditions.
B. It has only one define goal D. The literary pieces were merely
which is to entertain. focused on wise sayings.
6. The word literature is derived from the Latin term__________which
means letter.
A. Letira C. Litera
B. Letra D. Litra
7. Filipino writers had acquired the mastery of English writing and went
into all forms of writing like the novel and the drama.
A. Period of Enlightenment C. Period of Self-Discovery
B. Period of Re-orientation D. The Period of Imitation
8. It is a type of folk speech that showcases the Filipino wit, literary
talent, and keen observation.
A. Epic C. Riddle
B. Proverbs D. Tanaga
9. It refers to the literature written from roughly the year 2001 to the
present.
A. 21st Century Literature C. Modern Literature
B. Contemporary Period D. Period of the New Society
10. Below are the changes that occurred in the lives of the Filipinos
during the Spanish Period except:
A. European legends and traditions brought here became assimilated during
the Spanish Period.
B. The teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of religious
practices.
C. The Spanish language lent many of its words to our language.
D. The economy of the Philippines flourished due to the different businesses
brought about by Spanish investors.

14
8. Filipino writers went into all forms of literature like news, reporting,
poetry, stories, plays, essays, and novels.
A. American Period C. Pre-colonial
B. Japanese Regime D. Spanish Colonial
9. Many young people became activists, and the writings were fired with
nationalism in order to emphasize the importance of their petitions.
A. Period of Active Revolution C. Period of Re-orientation
B. Period of Activism D. The Rebirth of Freedom
10. This literary period witnessed newspapers, which were once branded
crony newspapers, become instant opposition papers.
A. American Period C. Japanese Period
B. Edsa I Period D. Pre-Spanish Period
For Item# 11-15, Identify the author of the literary piece mention in each
item. Choose your answer from the choices provided in the box.

A. Andres Bonifacio C. Jose Rizal

B. Graciano Lopez Jaena D. Marcelo H. Del Pilar

11. Sa Mga Pilipino

12. Mi Ultimo Adios
13. Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog
14. Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa
15. El Filibusterismo

Let Us Enhance (Additional Activities)

Directions: Answer the following questions based on what you have

learned and on your own perspective:

1. What are the various Literary Periods in the Philippine Literature?

2. Why is there a need for us to study our literary history?
3. As a grade 11 Filipino learner, in what way you can show a sense of
adaptability to the diverse Philippine Literary History? State your
answer in a 3 -5 paragraph essay.

Let Us Reflect

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Directions: Reflect on the learning that you gained after taking up this
lesson by stating your misconception and your realizations about Philippine
Literature. State your answer in a 2 -3 paragraph essay.

What were your misconceptions What new or additional learning

about the topic prior to taking up have you had after taking up this
this lesson? lesson in terms of skills, content,
and attitude?
I thought… I learned that…

References
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BOOKS:
Rhodora S. Ranalan, Ph. D. (2016). 21st Century Literature from the
Philippines and the World: Voices in Diversity (Place published: Mega-TEXTS
Philippines, Inc, 2016), pages# 25-29

Zaide, Gregorio F. (1970). Jose Rizal: Life, Works and Writings. Manila:
Villanueva Book Store. Retrieved from
https://www.scribd.com/doc/26364271/Philippine-Literature-Pre-Spanish-
Period.

ONLINE TEXTS:
https://rachelpoli.com/2018/01/10/9-types-of-characters-in-fiction/
https://www.google.com/search?
q=elements+of+short+story&rlz=1C1CHZL_enPH842PH842&sxsrf=ALeKk032
6W1L-
kE4sQmUCbaHq_moCqMflg:1594466875436&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=
X&ved=2ahUKEwjrt39i8XqAhXHaN4KHaemCcAQ_AUoAXoECA8QAw&biw=1
366&bih=625#imgrc=0Z7oOuZCymAUhM
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/sanjacinto-
englishcomp2kscope/chapter/reading-a-short-story/
https://americanliterature.com/all-about-the-short-story
https://literarydevices.net/fiction/
https://blog.reedsy.com/types-of-characters/
https://www.nownovel.com/blog/man-vs-self-story-conflict-types/
https://www.scribendi.com/academy/articles/types_of_conflict_in_literatur
e.en.html
https://www.google.com/search?
q=american+period+in+the+philippines&tbm=isch&ved

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of Tagum City

Office Address: Energy Park, Apokon, Tagum City, 8100

Telefax: (084) 216-3504

E-mail Address: tagum.city@deped.gov.ph

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